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1 Version: 18.11.2008 CHECKLIST OF BRITISH AND IRISH HYMENOPTERA SYMPHYTA A. D. Liston & D. A. Sheppard AL: Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Eberswalder Str. 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany DS: 10 Stainfield Road, Hanthorpe, Bourne, Lincs., PE10 0RE Introduction Fifty years have passed since the publication of the final part of Robert B. Benson’s three part identification key to the “Symphyta” of the British Isles (Benson 1951, 1952, 1958). The importance of these works can hardly be overstated. Whilst the first two parts were based substantially on the acute monography by Eduard Enslin (Enslin 1912-1918), Benson’s treatment of the Nematinae represented an original and significant step forward in our knowledge of this subfamily. The results of subsequent research on the British and Irish sawfly fauna were collated by Fitton et al. (1978). Since then, renewed investigation of the taxonomy of West Palaearctic Symphyta has led to a great number of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, affecting many taxa occurring in the British Isles. Of particular value in accessing the very extensive but widely scattered literature on sawflies, is the online database “Electronic World Catalog of Symphyta (ECatSym)” (Taeger & Blank 2008). Unfortunately, the only identification guide to the European “Symphyta” published since 1958 with a more than local geographical scope, by Zhelochovtsev (1988), suffers from its own particular weaknesses, such as the reliance placed on the opinions and illustrations of E. Lindqvist for the treatment of the Nematinae. Serious mistakes in the translation from Russian make the later English language editions of this work even more difficult to use. Special problems are attached to the interpretation of records for some species not found in the British Isles since their inclusion in the works by Leach (1817) and Stephens (1835). Some of these are probably extinct, but their status as in the British Isles has in many cases never been unequivocally proved: see for example Benson (1943a). We therefore maintain the practice, as in Fitton et al. (1978), of marking names of such taxa with a preceding “?”. Further, the taxonomic status of some of the nominal taxa described from the British Isles by Hill, Stephens, Newman and Cameron is still unclear, particularly where no type material has been located. Authorship and date of publication of taxa first described by Geoffroy, Panzer, Klug, Serville. Lepeletier, Zaddach and Brischke are adopted from the bibliographic researches of Taeger & Blank (1996, 2006) and Blank & Taeger (1998). Arrangement of list The listing of superfamilies is alphabetical, with families, subfamilies, tribes, genera, subgenera and species listed alphabetically within these. Genera. The generic classification used here mainly follows the system of Benson (1951-1958). This has the advantages of being relatively simple and widely known. The present lack of phylogenetic analyses for most groups of Symphyta (but see Nyman et al. 2006 on the Nematinae), which might support alternative generic classifications, makes the adoption here of some of the recently proposed genera at least seem premature. Whilst it is probable that some of these will in the future come to be recognised as valid, they are listed here either as synonyms or as “subgenera” of the genera treated by Benson. Generally, the lack of detailed morphological and biological studies on the larvae of many European sawfly species, must be regarded as a major obstacle to our understanding of their phylogeny. For each species name, the genus in which it was originally described follows the author’s name and date, where this differs from its current placement. Species names considered to be synonyms are treated in the same way as valid names, i. e. where necessary, the spelling is amended to agree with the gender of the genus in which it is at present placed. In some cases the most commonly used spelling in the literature therefore differs from that which appears here (e.g. Nematus astutus Cameron and Pristiphora (Lygaeotus) astutus (Cameron)). This should be borne in mind when searching the list for synonym names. Synonymy. The genus and species group names are included selectively in the synonymy. For a complete current synonymy of all these, including important misidentifications, see ECatSym (Taeger & Blank 2006). Names have only been included below as synonyms when they fulfil one or both of the following criteria: -has at some time been used for a taxon occurring in the British Isles. 2 -used in widely consulted works on taxonomy or distribution, or in original accounts of biological characters / descriptions of immature stages. The use of a question mark (?) preceding names in the list has two different meanings: 1) in combination with a taxon listed as valid, doubt is indicated as to validity of previous British records 2) in combination with a synonym, doubt is indicated on the taxonomic status of that taxon. Distribution. Area covered is the British Isles north to and including Shetland, but excluding the Channel Islands: see Sheppard (1990) on the sawfly fauna of the latter. Distribution of species within the British Isles is roughly indicated by the letter(s) following the valid species name, representing the countries from which it is recorded: England (E), Wales (W), Scotland (S) and Ireland (I) . The Isle of Man is not considered separately, because of a lack of data. It should be noted that several species were mistakenly listed as occurring in Scotland by Liston (1995). A reference is given for species first recorded in the British Isles since the last checklist by Fitton et al. (1978). Acknowledgements We are most grateful to Dr. M. G. Fitton for his work on an earlier version of this checklist. Guy Knight supplied much new information on the fauna of Wales, based mostly on his original research. Our warmest thanks for many further useful additions, corrections and suggestions are due to Dr. Alison Barker, Dr. Keith Bland, Dr. Stephan Blank, Jerry Bowdrey, Laurence Clemons, Rob Edmunds, K. John Grearson, Andrew Halstead, Dr. Charles Hussey, Dr. Mikk Heidemaa, Keith Palmer, Dr. Andreas Taeger and Dr. Veli Vikberg. 3 Superfamily CEPHOIDEA Family CEPHIDAE Subfamily CEPHINAE Tribe CEPHINI CALAMEUTA Konow, 1896 MONOPLOPUS Konow, 1896 HAPLOCEPHUS Benson, 1935 filiformis (Eversmann, 1847, Cephus ) E W elongatus (Vollenhoven, 1858, Cephus ) Cephus arundinis Giraud, 1863 Cephus analis (Klug, 1803): Stephens, 1835 misidentification pallipes (Klug, 1803, Astatus ) E W S I phthisica (Fabricius, 1805, Cephus ) misspelling pusilla (Stephens 1835, Cephus ) immaculata (Stephens, 1835, Cephus ) cultrarius (Hartig, 1837, Cephus ) pallidipes (Dalla Torre, 1894, Cephus ) CEPHUS Latreille, 1802 spinipes (Panzer, [1800], Banchus ) E W pilosulus Thomson, 1871 pusillus : Stephens, 1835 misidentification cultratus : Eversmann, 1847 misidentification and misspelling of cultrarius Hartig nigrinus Thomson, 1871 E pallipes (Klug, 1803): Stephens, 1835 misidentification pygmeus (Linnaeus, 1767, Sirex ) E W floralis (Klug, 1803, Astatus ) atripes Stephens, 1835 pygmaeus : misspelling TRACHELUS Jurine, 1807 CEPHA Billberg, 1820 ATEUCHOPUS Konow, 1896 EUMETABOLUS Schulz, 1906 TRACHELASTATUS Morice & Durrant, 1915 NEATEUCHOPUS Benson, 1935 MICROCEPHUS Benson, 1935 tabidus (Fabricius, 1775, Sirex ) E W macilentus (Fabricius, 1793, Sirex ) mandibularis (Serville, 1823, Cephus ) nigritus (Serville, 1823, Cephus ) troglodyta (Fabricius, 1787, Sirex ) E extinct niger (Harris, 1776): Cameron, 1890 misidentification Tribe HARTIGIINI HARTIGIA Schiødte, 1839 MACROCEPHUS Schlechtendal, 1878 COPIOSOMA W. F. Kirby, 1882 ADIRUS Konow, 1899 linearis (Schrank, 1781, Tenthredo ) E W quinquefasciata (Stephens, 1835, Cephus ) major (Eversmann, 1847, Cephus ) agrimoniae (Goury, 1912, Macrocephus ) nigra (Harris, 1776, Sirex ) E W satyrus (Panzer, 1801, Astatus ) brachyptera (Damianitsch, 1866, Cephus ) xanthostoma (Eversmann, 1847, Cephus ) E W ulmariae (Schlechtendal, 1878, Macrocephus ) JANUS Stephens, 1829 PHYLLOECUS Newman, 1838 4 EPHIPPIONOTUS Costa, 1860 femoratus (Curtis, 1830, Cephus ) E faunus (Newman, 1838, Phylloecus ) niger (Brischke, 1892, Cephus ) cynosbati (Linnaeus, 1758): misidentification luteipes (Lepeletier, 1823, Cephus ) E W connectens Stephens, 1829 5 Unplaced species of Cephidae: Janus bifrons Newman, 1838 6 Superfamily ORUSSOIDEA Family ORUSSIDAE ORUSSUS Latreille, 1797 ORYSSUS Fabricius, 1798 ? abietinus (Scopoli, 1763, Sphex ) E [note] 7 Superfamily PAMPHILIOIDEA MEGALODONTOIDEA Family MEGALODONTESIDAE MEGALODONTIDAE homonym MEGALODONTES Latreille, 1802 [note] TARPA Fabricius, 1804 ? cephalotes (Fabricius, 1781, Tenthredo ) E klugii (Leach, 1817, Tarpa ) spissicornis (Klug, 1824, Tarpa ) klugi : misspelling Family PAMPHILIIDAE Subfamily CEPHALCIINAE ACANTHOLYDA Costa, 1894 Subgenus ACANTHOLYDA Costa, 1894 erythrocephala (Linnaeus, 1758, Tenthredo ) S Subgenus ITYCORSIA Konow, 1897 posticalis Matsumura, 1912 E S stellata (Christ, 1791, Tenthredo ) homonym pinivora Enslin, 1918 nemoralis (Linnaeus, 1758): Thomson, 1871 misidentification CEPHALCIA Panzer, 1805 CEPHALCIA Jurine, 1801 suppressed CEPHALEIA Jurine, 1807 lariciphila (Wachtl, 1898, Cephaleia ) E W S alpina (Klug, 1808): misidentification falleni (Dalman, 1823): misidentification annulata (Hartig, 1837): misidentification Subfamily PAMPHILIINAE NEUROTOMA Konow, 1897 GONGYLOCORSIA Konow, 1897 GONGYLOCORISA : Ashmead, 1898 misspelling mandibularis (Zaddach, 1866, Lyda ) E saltuum (Linnaeus,
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  • Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea

    Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea

    New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta, Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea A. Haris & B. Zsolnai Haris, A. & B. Zsolnai. New Nematinae species (Hymenoptera: Symphyta: Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea. Zool. Med. Leiden 81 (7), 8.vi.2007: 137-147, fi gs. 1-18.— ISSN 0024-0672. Attila Haris, H-8142 Urhida, Petöfi u. 103, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Balázs Zsolnai, Plant Protection and Soil Conservation Service of County Fejér, H-2481, Velence, Ország u. 23, Hungary (e-mail: [email protected]). Key words: Hymenoptera; Symphyta; Tenthredinidae; Pristiphora; Pachynematus; Pontania; Euura; Japan; Korea; new species. Seven new species of Nematinae (Tenthredinidae) from Japan and Korea are described: Pachynematus hirowatari spec. nov, P. hayachinensis spec. nov., Pristiphora nigrocoreana spec. nov, P. issikii spec. nov., P. shinoharai spec. nov, Pontania nipponica spec. nov. and Euura soboensis spec. nov. Pristiphora punctifrons (Thomson, 1871) is new record for Japan. Introduction Matsumura (1912) was the fi rst to study intensively the sawfl y fauna of Japan. However, the Nematinae sawfl ies are a group that has been neglected and its species are still poorly known. As a comparison, 116 Nematinae species occur in the post-Trianon Hungary (93,000 mi2) (Haris, 2001), yet only 94 species are recorded from Japan (377,835 mi2). In this paper, I add eight species to the Japanese and Korean fauna, seven of which are new and one is new record. A revision of the Nematinae of Japan and the Far East will be published in a separate paper. The material studied is mainly in the Takeuchi collection deposited in the Univer- sity of Osaka Prefecture; one species is described from the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C.
  • Host-Plant Genotype and Other Herbivores Influence Goldenrod Stem Galler Preference and Performance

    Host-Plant Genotype and Other Herbivores Influence Goldenrod Stem Galler Preference and Performance

    Oecologia (1999) 121:392–404 © Springer-Verlag 1999 James T. Cronin · Warren G. Abrahamson Host-plant genotype and other herbivores influence goldenrod stem galler preference and performance Received: 26 January 1999 / Accepted: 2 June 1999 Abstract Ecologists have labored to find an explanation suitability as a host to the stem gallers. One possible ex- for the lack of a positive correlation between host prefer- planation for why spittlebugs caused a significant reduc- ence and offspring performance in herbivorous insects. tion in preference, but not in performance, was that spit- This study focuses on how one herbivore species can in- tlebugs had very few long-term effects on the host plant. fluence another herbivore species’ ability to accurately Flower number, flowering phenology, and the allocation assess the suitability of different host-plant genotypes for of the ramet’s biomass to different structures (below- larval development. In particular, we examined the role ground organs, stems, leaves, and flowers) were un- that an early season xylem-feeding homopteran (meadow changed with respect to spittlebug density. The only ef- spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius) has on the preference- fect of spittlebugs was a 3–4% decrease in ramet height performance correlation of a late-season dipteran stem at the end of the growing season. We argue that the lack galler (Eurosta solidaginis) among different goldenrod of a positive correlation between host-plant preference genotypes. In a greenhouse, we released adult stem gall- and larval performance may reflect a constraint on the ers into replicate cages that contained ramets from four discriminatory ability of female stem gallers.