September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24519 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS TO KEEP THE PEACE ... ARMS many nuclear weapons will we have left and ically ignored by the USSR and her satel­ CONTROL AND THE NUCLEAR deliverable after a Soviet first strike? lites. FREEZE The simplicity of the "overkill" argument, But there are those who insist that any is both attractive and misleading. Our nu­ Soviet cheating would be detected because, clear arsenal exists to deter potentia? ag­ by its terms, the freeze must be verifiable. HON. HENRY J. HYDE gressors and thus preserve both peace and Of course our reconnaissance satellites and OF ILLINOIS freedom. Deterrence is not based simply on other signals intelligence can do a great IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES numbers or claiins of sufficiency. Deter­ deal. But "on-site" verification is the only rence depends on the capability of prevail­ way production and testing can be moni­ Tuesday, September 21, 1982 ing in conflict at any level while preserving tored. This fact was conceded by the House • Mr. HYDE. Mr. Speaker, an issue the flexibility to escalate the conflict to an­ sponsors of the Kennedy Freeze Resolution receiving a lot of media attention is other level and prevail there too. Only by when, during floor debate they accepted, convincing a potential enemy that, by start­ without argument, an amendment by Con­ the so-called nuclear freeze. I have ing a war, they have nothing to gain and a gressman Norman Lent requiring written an article on this subject lot to lose, can we hope to deter aggression. "on site inspection." country? The production and testing proponents are well intentioned pr. trio tic United States capabilities has dramatically of these weapons can be done underground citizens, but some of their tactics blur the shifted. Remember, deterrence has worked in remote areas that will escape detection. real issues in a frenzy of emotionalism. for <37> years, especially while the U.S. Our defense industries have many legal They seek to give the impression that they maintained strategic superiority. It is not at safety factors imposed on them and their are the only protectors of peace and those all clear that our deterrent capability would workers. There is no Occupational Safety who oppose their views are recklessly will­ remain credible under a freeze which pro­ and Health Agency in Russia. They will ing to risk war. vides Soviet parity or, as the Administration work underground. The secret production It is unwise to judge the merits of such a believes, Soviet superiority. and stockpiling of these weapons would pre­ proposal on the basis of its proponents' A "freeze now" would prevent the long dictably occur, and meanwhile our hopes good intentions. We must do much more­ overdue modernization of our aging nuclear would get the better of us and we would be complying with our able and if so, what it would accomplish. tente. Our B-52 bombers are now so ancient part of the bargain-easily enforced by our If such a truly mutual verifiable freeze that if one was an automobile appearing in free press-while the Soviets would continue could be implemented, neither side could a show, it would qualify for an antique li­ their relentless military build-up. produce, test or deploy any additional nucle­ cense plate. The present trend towards re­ A question of surpassing importance re­ ar weapons. What would this mean for us? placing large, inaccurate warheads with ceives little or no attention from "freeze We would be forbidden to produce the MX smaller, more accurate warheads, would be now" proponents: How, we must ask, does missile . no cruise missiles and no freeze could be achieved? To argue that the damental mistake of assuming the Russians nuclear-armed anti-ballistic missiles. Soviets would honor this treaty is to ignore look at the world through much the same Would this reduce the risk or the severity history, and to overlook a long and tragic eyes as we do. Former Ambassador to the of nuclear war? Not necessarily, but it would list of Soviet treaty violations. For example: Soviet Union Foy D. Kohler, who has vast confirm and ratify the drastic change in the Conducting underground nuclear tests experience with the Russians has written a strategic balance between us and the Soviets larger than permitted by the 1974 Thresh­ monograph entitled SALT II: How Not To that has occurred over the past ten years. old Test Ban Treaty; Negotiate With The Russians -namely that both sides have enough Weapons Convention by use of "yellow He also states: nuclear weapons to exterminate the other, rain" in Afghanistan and Laos; and "It is also not that the Soviets have at­ so why build more? This statement misses The Treaty of Helsinki which pledged free tempted to hide or disguise their attitudes. the point: The question should be, how emigration has been repeatedly and trag- Actually, they have set them forth with

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 24520 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 startling frankness and completeness. The others who know exactly what they are avowed mission not only of "burying us". as problem is that we are unwilling to accept doing. No protest was raised when Soviet Khrushchev promised, but of imposing its as reality what we see and have every SS-20 missiles and Backfire bombers were system of organized barbarism on all the reason to accept at face value. We tend, in­ being deployed, but now that Pershing II world-we will be Accessories in that en­ stead, to recast the Russians in our own missiles and Cruise missiles are to be de­ slavement of humanity. image, to assign to them our own values, pri­ ployed in Western Europe next year to Patience, a sense of History and military orities, goals and processes of reasoning. counter this Soviet threat, there is a cry for and moral strength will preserve the peace­ What they tell us about themselves that a weapons freeze. When a nuclear Soviet will preserve our freedom and our children's does not conform to our ideas of rationality submarine ran aground off the coast of neu­ freedom.e we tend to refuse to believe, dismissing it as tral Sweden last year, the reaction was em­ propaganda or ideological window dressing." barrassment but no protest. Where are the If the U.S. agrees to a freeze that would massive protests to free Poland?-to expel H.R. 6046 perpetuate Soviet avantages, there would be the invaders from Afghanistan? absolutely no incentive for them to negoti­ Most people don't realize that serious ate real reductions. They repeatedly refused arms control negotiations are going on now HON. BOB EDGAR to negotiate any limitations on ballistic mis­ on three important fronts: In Geneva, Am­ OF PENNSYLVANIA sile defenses until the U.S. introduced its bassador Rowney is negotiating START own ABM A "freeze now" would be a distraction rights which deserve to be protected attitudes on strategic arms reductions by and diversion from the main event, i.e. more zealously than the rights to lib­ stating that the Soviets move with the cau­ mutual and verifiable reductions and then a erty and due process under law. Amer­ tion of chess players while "we in the West freeze. It would take years of negotiating ica has long been a refuge for the po­ like to play Pac-Man-we like to put quar­ with the Russians just to establish defini­ litical opponents of authoritarian re­ ters in and see instant results from electron­ tions-meanwhile, no freeze, no reductions gimes. For over 200 years it has been a ic machines." and instability remains; It cannot logically be denied that over the leading champion of freedom and <2> A "freeze now" would be a complete human rights. House Resolution 6046 past (37) years our possession of nuclear disincentive for the Soviets to reduce the weapons has produced certain benefits. The present destabilizing level of nuclear weap­ threatens these basic democratic prin­ extended deterrence they have provided has ons; ciples in several ways. preserved the NATO countries from attack (3) Verification must be "on site" and as a First, it permits anyone living in the by the Soviets, and has allowed the U.S. to practical matter will never be accomplished United States, whether a U.S. citizen preserve its own security without having to unless Russia changes the nature of its soci­ or a foreigner, to be held without bail match the 15% Gross National Product the ety; and Soviets spend on their military machine, on the mere allegation by a foreign <4> We would have to massively increase government that an extraditable crime nor have we had to impose universal mili­ our conventional forces to fill the void cre­ tary service as they have. Our nuclear weap­ ated by neutralizing the nuclear equalizer. has been committed. In some cases, ons have redressed an enormous imbalance If you are hesitant to accept the analysis evidence need not be presented for up in conventional forces as well as the 4 to 1 of the Defense and State Dept. under Presi­ to 60 days. advantage they have in firepower. dent Reagan, than take the word of Presi­ Second, the list of crimes that must The sad facts are, that during the Carter dent Carter's Sec. of Defense, Harold be considered extraditable has been Administration we swallowed "detente" Brown, who has both written and testified hook, line and sinker. Pres. Carter in April expanded to such an extent that it that a "freeze now" would be a serious mis­ even includes people whom American 1977 at Notre Dame University proclaimed take without substantial reductions first. that America was over its "inordinate fear Can we trust the Soviets? An Associated extradition law has always protected of Communism" and then two years later Press dispatch from Moscow, dated Aug. 8, in the past. Critics of foreign regimes, was to confess in a television interview with 1982 tells us "a co-founder of Moscow's only former freedom fighters against au­ Frank Reynolds of ABC, that the Soviet in­ independent disarmament group is being ad­ thoritarian rule, former officials of re­ vasion of Afghanistan .had taught him more ministered depressant drugs against his will gimes that the United States once sup­ about communism in a few days than he in the psychiatric hospital where he is being ported would not even be considered had ever known. But in the interim while held, his wife said today." possible political offenders under the we slept, the Soviets were massively rearm­ British Air Marshall Sir John Slesssor has bill-except in "extraordinary circum­ ing. Now that they have rearmed to destabi­ written: "It is customary in the democratic lizing levels, they want to freeze in place, countries to deplore expenditures on arma­ stances," not one of which is men­ this imbalance. Let us concede that the ments as conflicting with the requirements tioned. present level of nuclear weapons in the of social services. There is a tendency to A final threat comes from a provi­ world is too high-so why freeze at a level forget that the most important social serv­ sion preventing the courts from inves­ that is admittedly destabilizing? What in­ ice a government can do for its people is to tigating whether an extradition re­ centives have the Soviets to reduce to a keep them alive and free." quest is, after all, merely an attempt level of stability? By freezing now, they can Yes, I'm for a freeze of nuclear weapons­ by a foreign state to persecute its po­ stop us from producing the MX missile, the but only after significant, mutual and verifi­ B-1 bomber, the cruise missile, the Stealth able reductions first: litical opponents. To quote the bill bomber and more Trident submarines. No The Preamble to our Constitution-which itself: wonder they want a "freeze now". we in Congress are sworn to uphold-not Any issue as to whether the foreign state Doesn't it strike you as curious that this only sets out the goal of providing for the is seeking extradition of a person for the campaign for a nuclear "freeze now" gained Common Defense but also "to secure the purpose of prosecuting or punishing the full momentum when it suited Soviet strate­ Blessings of Liberty to Ourselves and our person because of such person's political gic interests? One can only suspect that the Posterity". opinions, race, religion, or nationality • • • fears and good intentions of a lot of well If we are weak-if we are disarmed-in the [and] any issue as to whether the extradi­ meaning people are being exploited by face of a hostile aggressive force, with the tion of a person to a foreign state would be September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24521 incompatible with humanitarian consider­ and then came such a terrible kind of laugh­ hours, dated the 23rd of June. Then I asked ations shall be determined by the Secretary ter that I understood that nothing good him what my rights were, To that he said: of State. would come of it. He gave me the telephone "I'm giving you one permit for 72 hours, and Thus, critical judgments are left in number of Vladimir Grigorievich Borisenko, if you still won't leave, I'll give you another the hands of a policy maker-a person the Deputy Director of the Ministry of the one for 72 hours, and if you still won't leave, Interior main office, the man who deals I'll arrest you and you'll get a year in cor­ who is under enormous pressure from with emigration matters. On the 23rd I rective labor camps." "All right", I said, allies to extradite political opponents found him in his office and he told me that "now I know what my rights are." of the regime and to ignore evidence he knew about my case and that I would be On the 23rd I started "evacuating" my that the extradited people will not re­ able to meet with Kuznetsov today. I went flat. I threw out all sorts of things because ceive a fair trial. to the All-Union OVIR and waited for Kuz­ that's what I had decided to do. I did all Taken together, these provisions of netsov. His appointment hours start at 3 sorts of other things around the house. The the bill amount to a serious challenge o'clock and he saw me at about 4 o'clock . The they didn't touch me. They probably didn't deserve a thorough debate in the conversation was a short one: work on Sunday either as nothing happened House, and if there is no time for such K.: "What can I do for you? then too. In any case, the validity of the I.: I spoke to Ivanov and he sent me to first permit ended, but by that time I got a debate the vote on the bill ought to you, saying that you will be able to solve my somewhat used to the thought and on the be postponed until a better opportuni­ problems. 28th of June I made a round of all the Pros­ ty arises.e K.: Which ones? ecutor's Offices. I went to the regional Pros­ I.: The question of the residence permit ecutor's office and submitted a complaint and the question of my about the actions of the police. I found IDA NUDEL emigration. myself speaking to the same Prosecutor to K.: Questions regarding the residence whom I had appealed in June 1978, V.P. An­ HON. WILUAM F. GOODUNG permit are attended to at the local police tonov. I met him by chance, it just so hap­ OF PENNSYLVANIA office. pened that I came during his office hours. I.: I have already applied to the police IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When I came into his office he said: "I know office and they refused my request. I ap­ you, you are Nudel." I told him the whole Tuesday, September 21, 1982 plied to the Municipality and they refused story and I mentioned that no restrictions e Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, I am it too. I then applied to Ivanov and he sent on issuing residence permits apply to my pleased to say that the House Foreign me to Borisenko, Borisenko sent me. to case as there existed a special provision for you... know who had issued the orders for the time now, I have been in contact with K.: You should apply to the police ... police actions. I told him that this did not Ida's sister in Israel and have been I.: I've already told you twice and I'm tell­ matter: "I do have rights, don't I?" trying through letters to various ing you the third time: I've been to the When I went to the Mossovet in a month's time." This commission, as he no place to stay and has adversely af­ K.: "About questions concerning the resi­ explained to me, mainly deals with cases fected her already fragile health. A dence permit you should apply to the local like mine, cases of persons who had been few weeks ago I received a transcript police office." convicted before or ... of a telephone conversation Ida had I.: I sat there and thought: he'll go on re­ with her sister in Israel: It is very dis­ peating that phrase and I'll go on repeating Elena: Are you waiting for the commis­ my story but in the end I will have to give sion's reply? heartening. Equally alarming is the in. And I said to him: "Why do you keep tor­ fact that her sister has since been Ida: I'm not waiting for anything. I came menting me? Do you want to bring me to last night and will unable to locate her. I am submitting such a state.... You probably want to bring me Elena: Can you sell your apartment? hope that many of my fellow Members back to the state I was in before." Ida: Come on, this is not the question. So, will join me in cosponsoring Mrs. KEN­ Then Anichkina said: "You were told to they'll give me back the money and then NELLY's bill, House Concurrent Resolu­ go to the local police office. Go there." what? Nothing, I have no rights anyway. All tion 302 and help to get Ida Nude! out I thought that perhaps I'm being obsti­ nate, that perhaps they decided to correct this belongs to the state and I could get of the Soviet Union. the mistake. After all, you know, one always back only some of my money. The transcript follows: wants to believe that things will tum out Elena: And you could not change apart­ TRANSCRIPT OF PHONE CONVERSATION BE­ well. I went to the police office, but I went ments? TWEEN ELENA FRIDMAN {HOLON, ISRAEL} home first as I'd been running around the Ida: No, I have no right to do that. I AND HER SisTER, IDA NunEL ? tion and I asked him about my residence home first." "Take the dog back and then Ida: In what district? And what difference permit and about my emigration. He spoke you must definitely come back here," he would it make? It does not matter whether I to me in a very quiet manner and told me: said. apply or don't. If they'll want to let me go "I cannot answer you now, I am not pre­ I took the dog back and decided that they'll do it anyway. If they want to let pared enough to provide the answers to they'll charge me with hooliganism and somebody out, they take him out of prison both the first and the second question. You keep me under arrest for one day. So, I took and just let him go. They just don't want to should write a statement and then call me." a couple of sweaters with me and everything let me go. On the 18th, I brought my statement to I needed, and I called Lyova on the way. I Elena: G-d knows why they are keeping his office and asked that it should be given told him that if I won't come back it means you. to him with the incoming mail, as we that they put me under arrest for a day, and Ida: You don't know, but I do, I do. You agreed. Then I could not find him for a few that I'll call him as soon as I'm released. left a long time ago and you did not know days, but on the ... I The director of the police office saw that I what this kind of life was all about, so how spoke to him again on the internal phone was all excited and said: "I'm giving you a could you understand. I do. If they would . This permit for 72 hours." have wanted me to leave I would not have conversation left a bad impression on me as "Fine", I told him, "let me have that had to go through all that suffering. They he simply said: "Ah, you want to leave?" permit." He gave me the permit for 72 don't want to let me go, so what do I care

89-059 0-86-23 (pt. 18) 24522 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 where I stay. I'm not going anywhere, let don't do anything and it would even make Elena: What, in your opinion, should be them do what they want. things easier for me from the moral point of done? Elena: What do you mean? view. I'll do whatever I think is necessary, I Ida: As long as I don't know what is going Ida: That's exactly what I mean. just want you to stop dealing with these on at your end, I can't give you my decision. Elena: I don't think you are right. matters. There is no sense in us both wear­ You yourselves must find the solution. Ida: You don't think so, do you? You re­ ing ourselves out. Levin: There are a lot of possibilities but member, you told me that they wouldn't Elena: Do you think that I'm a hindrance not so many ideas. dare do anything? You just don't under­ to you? Ida: As I see it, there are no buyers. The stand anything. Ida: No, but I do think that you should goods are there, the publicity is there too, Elena: They are simply thinking that they leave it all and just live your own life. There but there are no buyers. That's obvious. can get a bigger price. They don't know that is no sense in wearing yourself out, in Levin: Let's say that this is a temporary no-one is offering anything. paying such a price. What I'm doing is quite crisis... Ida: This is my tragedy: the fact that they enough. Ida: During the last 11 years I've been don't want no matter Ida: How do I know? I didn't give it to what happens. them myself. I've never seen these people Ida: Yes. myself. It's a pity you did not get it. It ENTERPRISE ZONE PLANS Elena: Do you have any ideas about that? really looked great. No matter what I send, ANALYZED Ida: About what? it gets lost. Elena: About what should be done. Elena: Can I ask you something under the Ida: Ha! I have plenty of ideas but they circumstances? HON.HENRYJ.NOWAK are all about other things. What is there to Ida: Of course you can. OF NEW YORK talk about, you just don't understand the Elena: I would like you to get a firm grip situation. My tragedy is that nobody wants on yourself. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to ... can't do any­ the midst of this general economic down­ anything. So, just leave it alone, it will be thing. Who, in your opinion, should be deal­ turn the Nation's urban centers for some better for me that way. ing with this? time have been experiencing an increasing Elena: And who can do something? Ida: Anyone who isn't important could not movement toward economic deterioration. Ida: No one can, unless he really wants to be of help in this matter. Don't you under­ In response to this problem, Congress has do it. When a man who really wants to do it stand on what level things are done? I can't been debating the viability of the so-called will appear-he'll do it. And until people decide who is the right person to deal with "enterprise zone" concept, while the Admin- willing to want that are found, nothing will this, how could I? istration has adopted an "enterprise zone" happen. Don't you understand how it Levin: Maybe you have some ideas? proposal as the basis of its urban policy ob­ works? This is why I've been telling you for Ida: I know about the way things are done Jective. years: leave it all ... here, but I'm not so sure about the way While it is crucial for the Administration and just leave me alone. Don't go anywhere, they are done at your end. to recognize the need to provide economic September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24523 stimulation for the country's distressed gram of the Small Business Administration. who employ both skilled and unskilled la­ areas, especially in view of the recent reduc­ In addition, my proposal provides for the borers in distressed areas. tion in Federal aid to state and local govern­ maintenance of the successful components Furthermore, pursuant to my belief that ments, the Administration's "enterprise of existing sources of small business financ­ all Federal assistance programs are not in­ zone" plan, with its provisions for tax incen­ ing such as Title IX of the Economic Devel­ herently undesirable and that we should tives and regulatory relief, is far too narrow opment Administration. For example, the maintain those which have effectively ac­ in focus to effectively remedy our urban ills. "National Development Investment Act" complished their objectives, I previously The basic shortcoming of the Administra­ of the ure to provide a well-balanced strategy for ing conference agreement, is designed to CETA program be continued. PIC's were de­ local economic development. In addition, insure the ability of EDA to stimulate pri­ signed to increase the participation of the this measure does not realistically address vate-sector investment in distressed areas. business community in employment and the need for a workable job creation initia­ Among other things, this measure provides training activities, with the goal of expand­ tive and the important role that small busi­ funding for loans and technical assistance ing private sector employment for the eco­ ness must play in the implementation of a to small firms in distressed areas. This is a nomically disadvantaged. viable urban revitalization scheme. prime example of the type of economic de­ It should be noted that the "Job Training The need to effectuate a solution to the velopment program which would be contin­ Partnership Act" , which would current jobless rate is painfully obvious ued in order to provide a source of capital replace the expiring CETA program, gives with an unemployment rate approximating for firms locating in declining urban areas. the PIC's an equal voice with the local gov­ nearly ten percent. Further, since small A further source of business investment ernments in determining how Federal job business has traditionally been credited capital from an existing economic develop­ training programs are to be implemented. In with creating the vast majority of new jobs, ment program is the tax-exempt Industrial addition, the bill requires that a majority of it stands to reason that any program de­ Development Bond program. Although the members in the PIC's be representatives signed to encourage business development there has been much criticism concerning of business and industry with one-half of and curtail unemployment must focus on the IDB program and the recent tax bill these representatives from the small busi­ the needs of the small business community. contains some restrictions, I believe that a ness community. As Chairman of the Small Business Sub­ responsibly monitored IDB program can While this plan maintains provisions for committee on Tax, Access to Equity Capital and will be an effective economic develop­ the training of youths, displaced workers, and Business Opportunities, I have been ac­ ment tool which directly responds to the skilled and unskilled workers, the unique tively involved in the debate over economic critical economic problems of declining pro­ feature is a substantial increase in the input incentives to distressed areas for the past ductivity, lack of capital investment, unem­ of the business community in the design several years. I have introduced several bills, ployment and the deterioration of our and implementation of all employment and held numerous hearings and released a urban centers. training programs, to insure that individuals report on this subject entitled "Job Cre­ Another problem area which must be ad­ are equipped with skills actually in demand. ation and the Revitalization of Small Busi­ dressed in formulating a meaningful urban A recent Congressional initiative, the ness" . development policy is the rapidly deteriorat­ Urgent Supplemental Appropriations for My proposals are designed to broaden the ing infrastructure base in many areas of the the Department of Labor to provide tax credits to employers NATO and Japanese allies, Represent- 24524 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 ative EcKART has thoughtfully exam­ North Atlantic Treaty in 1950. To achieve ship between Republican Presidencies ined problems which we must address the common goal of building sufficient mili­ and high Federal deficits. in the coming months. tary strength to deter aggression against Representative ECKART points to two any member of the alliance, the allies were Among the facts I cited was that problems which are causing tension supposed to agree to distribute the burden Democratic Congresses normally ap­ with our allies. First, it is obvious that "equitably among all the North Atlantic propriate less than Republican Presi­ Treaty countries on a basis agreed to multi­ dents ask for. In response, my col­ leaders in Japan and Western Europe laterally by them." do not share the administration's as­ All the statistics favor sending the allies league recalled President Ford's "veto sumptions about the Soviet Union. and Japan a clear signal: Uncle Sam is tired after veto." From this difference emerges the of being ill-used. Consider that the United Well, let us look at the facts. Set out second problem, the lack of firm com­ States spends 5.6 percent of its gross nation­ below is a comparison of congressional mitment to honor a pledge on burden al product on defense while collectively the appropriations to Presidential budget NATO allies average about 3.5 percent and requests: sharing that our NATO allies agreed Japan only 1 percent. Per capita the United to in 1977. Because of this, the United States invests $607 on defense. Compare States has assumed a disproportionate that to NATO's collective average of $434 COMPARISON OF CONGRESSIONAL APPROPRIATIONS TO share of the cost of defending our and Japan's meager $84, according to the PRESIDENTIAL BUDGET REQUESTS mutual security. latest figures available from the Defense Some may not agree with all of Rep­ Department. [Dollars in billions] The dilemma of fairly sharing defense resentative EcKART's conclusions, but I Confessional action over think we all could agree that more costs is not entirely new. The Nixon and Amount Amount +)/under (-) burden sharing by our allies is essen­ Ford Administrations attempted to negoti­ calendar year r~=tby appropriated President's request ate an allied commitment for more equita­ by Congress tial. Congressman EcKART's statement ble sharing in the costs of NATO's defense Amount Percent serves as a useful starting point for umbrella. Finally, in 1977, the Carter Ad­ discussion on this critical foreign 1947 ...... $33.4 $30.1 -$3.3 -9.9 ministration won a pledge from the allies to 1948 ...... 35.4 32.7 -2.7 -7.6 policy and national defense issue. increase their defense spending by at least 3 1949 ...... 39.5 37.8 -1.7 -4.3 The article follows: percent annually in real terms. 1950 ...... 54.3 52.4 -1.9 -3.5 A recent Pentagon report suggests that 1951 ...... 96.3 91.1 -5.2 -5.4 OUR ALLIES MUST SHARE IN THE DEFENSE 1952 ...... 84.0 75.4 - 8.6 -10.2 BURDEN the allies are doing a reasonably good job of 1953 ...... 66.6 54.5 -12.1 -18.2 meeting the 3 percent commitment. Other 1954 ...... 50.3 47.6 -2.7 -5.4 (By Dennis E. Eckart> Pentagon evidence, however, suggests other­ 1955 ...... 55.0 53.1 -1.9 -3.5 WASHINGTON.-The United States bears wise. Only half have ever achieved the 3 1956 ...... 60.9 60.6 -0.3 -0.5 too heavy a burden for the defense of its 1957 ...... 64.6 59.6 -5.0 -7.7 percent commitment in any single year, and 1958 ...... 73.3 72.7 -0.6 -0.8 North Atlantic Treaty Organization allies collectively the allies this year are likely to 1959 ...... 74.9 73.0 -1.9 -2.5 and Japan. increase their real defense spending by 2.1 1960 ...... 73.8 73.6 -0.2 -0.3 The United States is wounding its econo­ percent. 1961 ...... 91.6 86.6 -5.0 -5.5 my by footing 53 percent of the total allied 1962 ...... 96.8 92.3 -4.5 -4.6 Clearly, it is time to hold the allies' feet to 1963 ...... 98.9 92.4 -6.5 -6.6 spending on defense. This spending loots the fire. It's also time to hold the Reagan 1964 ...... 98.3 94.2 -4.1 -4.2 the economy of capital that could and Administration accountable for failing to 1965 ...... 109.4 107.0 -2.4 -2.2 should be invested more wisely and hu­ exercise coherent and steadfast leadership, 1966 ...... 131.2 130.3 -0.9 -0.6 manely to put Americans back to work. It 1967 ...... 147.8 141,9 -5.9 -4.0 which coincidentally is precisely what Sec­ 1968 ...... 147.9 133.3 -14.6 -9.9 allows NATO and especially Japan to allo­ retary of Defense Caspar W. Weinberger 1969 ...... 142.7 134.4 -8.3 -5.8 cate larger shares of their resources to more says is critical to keeping the alliance an ef­ 1970 ...... 147.8 144.3 -3.5 -2.4 efficient, productive uses and, in effect fective deterrent against the Soviet Union. 1971 ...... 167.9 165.2 -2.7 -1.6 bomb America's economy. All of this is hap­ 1972 ...... 185.4 179.0 -6.4 -3.5 America's commitment to Western Europe 1973 ...... 178.0 174.9 -3.1 -1.7 pening while some allies and Japan rig the after World War II was important to restore 1974 ...... 213.7 204.0 -9.7 -4.5 rules of free and fair trade and export un­ the allies' economies. They were too weak 1975 ...... 267.2 259.9 -7.3 -2.7 employment to the United States. militarily and economically to guarantee 1976 ...... 282.1 282.5 +0.4 +0.1 Unfortunately, the Administration suffers 1977 ...... 364.9 354.0 -10.9 -3.0 their own security. But by the time Presi­ 1978 ...... 348.5 337.9 -10.6 -3.0 from tunnel vision. It advocates spending on dent Dwight D. Eisenhower left the White 1979 ...... 397.7 386.8 -10.9 -2.7 an elephantine military buildup when there House, he believed a reduction of United 1980 ...... 340.3 333.7 -6.6 -1.9 is lacking a consensus on what constitutes States strength in Western Europe should 1981 ...... 339.0 340.0 +1.0 +0.3 effective strategy militarily and diplomati­ be initiated "as soon as the European econo­ Total ...... 5.159.4 4,988.8 -170.6 -3.3 cally to deter Moscow. mies were restored." That has happened. What is disturbing is the failure of the The allies and Japan are capable of Note: These figures are compiled on a calendar -year basis, and oompare the Reagan Administration to understand the total amounts requested by the President during each session of Congress with paying their fair share for defense. It is now the total amounts appropriated by Congress during that session. The totals attitudes of the leaders of the alliance. the economy of the United States that is in include all appropriations-regular annual, supplemental, and defiCiency. Leaders in Western Europe are clearly less ruins and is in need of a helping hand. The conservative and less fearful of the Soviet time has arrived for the allies and Japan to Between calendar year 1947 and Union than is President Reagan. There is a assume an equitable share of defense spend­ shared mutual interest in deterring Mos­ 1981, Congress appropriated more ing. America's taxpayers favor a secure and than the President requested only cow's adventurism but the leaders in West­ effective alliance, but at a farer price. We em Europe also prefer a strategy that com­ can no longer be the sugar daddy. twice, in 1976, 0.1 percent more, and in bines political, economic and social relations • allies have little incentive-at least yet-to fiscally responsible than the other. As­ agree to share defense spending more equi­ suming, however, that a Federal defi­ tably. The unfortunate result is nothing but REPUBLICAN FISCAL cit is the litmus test for fiscal respon­ lip service to meeting the 1977 commitment IRRESPONSIBILITY: PART II siblility, Republican administrations to do so. fail, and they fail in a big way. The allies also remain essentially divided because of conflicting political, economic HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER e foreign policy. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES It is foolhardy to try to argue that there is Tuesday, September 21, 1982 some magic mathematical formula for de­ termining each nation's fair share of de­ e Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, fense spending. Equity, however, was the one of my colleagues yesterday took overriding principle agreed to when the exception to my pointing out, among United States and the allies signed the other things, the fascinating relation- September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24525 TO REBUILD AMERICA-$2.5 the single most expensive government chal­ served the country well but now shows the TRILLION JOB lenge of the 1980s and 1990s." effects of years of heavy usage and neglect. To speed efforts to cope with the develop­ As John Wiedeman, president-elect of the ing crisis, a bipartisan coalition in Congress American Society of Civil Engineers, puts it: HON. BOB EDGAR is pushing for creation of a "national capital "Virtually every part of the country has its OF PENNSYLVANIA budget." This would require the administra­ own horror story." The full extent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tion, as a beginning, to take a first-ever in­ challenge of decaying public works is emerg­ ventory of public works throughout the ing from recent studies by government offi­ Tuesday, September 21, 1982 country, with a view to assigning priorities cials and private experts. • Mr. EDGAR. Mr. Speaker, the prob­ for refurbishment and new construction. A CATALOG OF TRANSPORTATION WOES lems of our decaying public infrastruc­ In state and city governments, which in recent years have been contributing an aver­ Some 8,000 miles of the nearly completed ture have increasingly forced them­ 42,944-Inile interstate-highway system­ selves into our consciousness. Several age of 75 percent annually on spending for public works, officials are wrestling with the begun in the 1950s-are crumbling and must major national publications have re­ unsolved problem of how to increase the be resurfaced, says a new official survey. cently devoted space to this creeping funds available to rebuild the aging infra­ Pavements erode in 15 years or less, mainly crisis. In its September 27, 1982, issue structure. Total spending in this field, meas­ because of trucks and heavy traffic. At the U.S. News & World Report featured ured in constant 1972 dollars, has declined current rate, 2,000 Iniles more of the inter­ an analysis entitled "To Rebuild 19 percent since 1965, while the nation's state-highway system is wearing out every America-$2.5 Trillion Job." This arti­ gross national product has risen 62 percent. year. A new congressional study puts the cle is an important contribution to the Finding the additional money now has cost of completing and renovating the high­ growing national debate on infrastuc­ been made more difficult by a flight from ways at 54.8 billion dollars. cities to suburbs, which has reduced munici­ Even more serious decay is attacking 3.9 ture and a Federal Capitol budget. pal revenues. Adding to the pinch are stiff­ million miles of roads totally supported by The article follows: ening local tax resistance during the busi­ states, counties and cities. A recent study by To REBUILD AMERICA-$2.5 TRILLION JOB ness slump and an escalation of interest the Road Information Program, a Washing­ At a time of lingering recession, another rates on new bond issues. ton research group, showed that almost two cloud now looms, over the U.S. economy: A Yet strong doubts exist that President thirds of the major roads need resurfacing creeping crisis in the nation's long-neglected Reagan can be persuaded to make any sig­ or rebuilding. Nearly 45 percent of the na­ and decaying public works that can only be nificant increase in federal funds for public tion's 557,516 bridges are classified in a solved by trillions of dollars in new spend­ works. In fact, the White House is pressing recent official report as "either structurally ing. for cutbacks in subsidies to mass-transit sys­ deficient or obsolete." These include 26 per­ Crumbling highways, rusting bridges, tems and reduced federal spending in other cent of the bridges on the federally aided backed-up sewers, leaking water mains, fields, while urging state and municipal au­ road system that carries most of the na­ bursting dams, broken-down buses and thorities to take on more of the burden with tion's traffic. subway cars-these and many other basic help from private enterprise. Of the total of officially "deficient problems have been building up for a decade bridges," 126,655 of those are so unsafe as to and a half, while the country occupied itself DAILY~S,B~~S For many Americans, the consequences of be restricted by federal law to light vehi­ with other concerns. Now the troubles of cles-no buses, trucks, truck trailers, vans or public works, which economists call the in­ a decaying infractructure are becoming more apparent almost daily: fire engines-or closed to traffic altogether frastructure, have accumulated to the point pending rehabilitation. At least 3,416 where they pose a growing obstacle to a sus­ In Jersey City, N.J., the water supply ran out in midsummer for the city's 223,000 resi­ bridges have been closed for repairs or for tained national recovery. good. The Transportation Department "Much of America's infrastructure is on dents with a rupture in a main of the 82- year-old water system. It took five days to places the cost of replacing or rehabilitating the verge of collapse," warns Pat Choate, all bridges at 47.6 billion dollars. To help senior policy analyst for the conglomerate restore drinkable water, as National Guards­ men ladled out supplies from tank trucks. state and local governments foot that bill­ TRW, Inc., and a congressional adviser. they finance about 60 percent of bridge "Yet American business and farming In Colorado during the same month, SO­ year-old Lawn Lake Dam gave way, sending costs-the Highway Users Federation has depend absolutely on the smooth function­ urged Congress to triple the present rate of ing of public works. If producers cannot get 250 million gallons of water cascading through the Rocky Mountain resort town of federal funding through the federal High­ their products to market on time, prices in­ way Trust Fund. The fund takes in about crease and competitiveness declines. If basic Estes Park. Four people were killed, and property damage from the flood ran to 21 6.6 billion dollars a year in fuel taxes and services such as water supply or sewage are highway-user charges-but is already so limited, then firms are hampered in their million dollars. Many communities now live under the heavily committed to various projects that ability to expand and provide more jobs and it is running a deficit. income." daily threat of a failure of one vital public Suddenly, policymakers in Washington, facility or another. In Cleveland, that The nation's bus and subway systems also state capitals and city halls are starting to danger is the 43-year-old Main Avenue are hard pressed for money to fight spread­ give urgent attention to the erosion of Bridge, the main traffic artery to downtown ing obsolescence. So critical is the deteriora­ from western Cuyahoga County. The bridge tion in urban-transportation fleets that America's basic underpinnings. The consen­ transit officials in a quarter of the 300 cities sus of experts: It will take a staggering has recently shown such signs of decay that amount of money over many years to stem authorities closed it six nights for tempo­ with such services say they might have to rary repairs. Such repairs have cost 1.7 Inil­ cease operations by 1985 if a threatened cut the spreading decay and reconstruct Ameri­ in federal support goes through. Their ca's time-ravaged economic base. lion dollars in the last three years, and con­ Choate estimates that local, state and fed­ tracts worth $600,000 more are to be let target: A Reagan administration proposal to eral governments would have to spend from soon. cut out all federal operating subsidies, 2.5 to 3 trillion dollars this decade-slightly "It's a crime spending this money, because which at 1.1 billion dollars annually now more than all planned defense outlays in we're just putting bandages on the bridge," cover 15 percent of transit costs. the same period-just to maintain today's says Cuyahoga County Engineer Thomas J. Even at current federal-support levels and level of service on public facilities. At Neff. "But closing it would be catastrophic with recent fare increases in some places to present spending levels, he says, less than a in traffic terms, and we simply can't find as high as 90 cents, transit budgets fall far third of that renovation can be done. the 30 million dollars it would take to re­ short of meeting rising labor and equipment The most costly items on a list Choate build." costs. The resulting limits on maintenance presented to a congressional group: In Phoenix, the big worry is the sudden and repair are causing buses and subway Highways and bridges outside urban areas, appearance of cracks in the earth, as long as cars to break down with increasing frequen­ 1 trillion dollars. 400 feet in one residential neighborhood. A cy. San Francisco recently had to shut down City streets, 600 billion. road sign outside the city depicts a car its 100-year-old cable-car system, a major Municipal water systems, 125 billion. plunging into a crevice and warns drivers tourist attraction, for 20 months for a "total Ports and inland waterways, 40 billion. they are entering a "subsidence area." The renewal." Constructing and renovating up to 3,000 fissures are a direct consequence of large­ A survey by the American Public Transit prisons and jails, 15 billion. scale pumping from aquifers to meet in­ Association concludes that within this Water-pollution controls to meet current creasing water demands in the fast-growing decade 72 percent of all transit buses and 28 standards, 100 billion. Arizona city. percent of all subway cars must be replaced. "Rebuilding the nation's public infrastruc­ These are but a few of the problems Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis places ture," concludes Choate, "promises to be caused by an infrastructure that has long a price tag of 40 billion dollars to maintain

I· . . .

24526 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 the operational level of transit systems and structurally inadequate as to need ing 2.1 billion in changes. Among the de­ through the 1980s. To help urban authori­ major renovation or expansion. The prob­ fects: A college auditorium stage that ties raise the money, he favors increasing lem has been compounded by a sharp rise in cannot be seen from balcony seats; a jail in gasoline taxes for automobiles by 4 cents a the number of prisoners-a 12.1 percent which cell doors won't lock; an old-age home gallon and for heavy trucks by 1 cent a jump in 1981 alone-caused by a nationwide without stairway railings, and a 9-million­ gallon. Neither the White House nor Con­ trend toward tougher sentencing and a dollar power plant rendered unusable by a gress seems ready to embrace that proposal. hold-down on paroles. steam generating system installed back­ Ports and inland waterways are suffering Estimates of what it would take to build wards. the consequences of a five-year lapse in fed­ or renew prisons to keep up with needs The biggest white elephant found by state eral authorizations for needed improve­ range from 10 to 14 billion dollars. With the investigators was a 28-story library-billed ments. Commercial users seek more channel necessary funds lacking in many cities and as the world's tallest-that dominates the dredging to reduce harbor congestion and states, officials have had to require doubling campus of the University of Massachusetts cut the rate of accidents. Especially sought up in small cells, the transfer of some pris­ at Amherst. Completed in 1974 at a cost of is a renovation of old locks. "Unless critical­ oners to makeshift quarters-and, in Florida 17 million dollars, it has never officially ly deficient, aging, undersized locks are re­ and Maryland, even the early release of opened or been able to receive a book be­ placed or improved," warns Charles T. prisoners serving short terms to make room cause parts of bricks have been falling from Jones, president of Amherst Industries, a for new convicts. its facade. Charleston, W. Va., coal shipper, "the safe In Albuquerque, some of the 400 inmates Oklahoma has had some of the country's and efficient movement of coal and other now crowded into a jail that was built for worst corruption in public works. There, 195 bulk commodities on the inland waterways 325 will soon share temporary quarters in a county commissioners out of 231 have been will be in danger." nearby mental institution, pending a prison­ convicted or have pleaded guilty to pocket­ Jones points out that while three nations expansion program. ing county funds for nonexistent transac­ ranking as leading U.S. competitors in the A HIDDEN AGENDA OF NEGLECT tions or from kickbacks on purchases of ma­ world coal market have channels deep Why have local, state and federal authori­ terials and equipment. In one case, investi­ enough to accept larger coal vessels, the ties allowed this steady deterioration of the gators found a gunnysack stuffed with more only one in this country is far from coal nation's vital infrastructure? George Peter­ than a million dollars in fictitious invoices. sources, in Long Beach, Calif. son, director for the Public Finance Center Illegal practices among highway contrac­ DISAPPEARING WATER, BACKED-UP SEWAGE of the Urban Institute, holds the view that tors led to the largest antitrust investigation Leakage from aging pipes is costing New "in too many areas of government, public in the Justice Department's history, gener­ York, Boston, Buffalo and other cities as works constitute a hidden agenda of ne­ ating 170 criminal presecutions since 1979 much as a third of their water supplies be­ glect." for bid rigging in which construction firms tween reservoirs and faucets. Of the na­ Agreeing, one former local official ob­ manipulate the competitive-bidding process tion's 43,500 dams, 9,000 are reported in serves: "For many years, the ruling philoso­ for illegal gains. These cases-involving 154 need of safety improvements. Water prob­ phy has been, 'We'll take care of that later.' corporations in Southern and Midwestern lems are so widespread, according to one of­ The tendency has been to take public works states-have resulted in 130 guilty pleas and ficial report, that 756 urban areas face a bill for granted, as though these never wear 10 convictions, with maximum penalties of 1 of 63 billion dollars to repair or replace ex­ out.'' million dollars for a corporation, $100,000 isting facilities. Meanwhile, the leakage is Another obstacle is seen as Washington's for each individual plus three years in cutting into revenues from usage that might traditional pork-barrel approach to public­ prison. Federal investigators say the 14 pay for new piping. Many cities warn that works funding. Too often, experts charge, states covered so far are only a starter. they will experience funding shortfalls even congressional appropriations for local im­ provements or construction are promoted by .MEETING THE CHALLENGE if water rates are doubled. Apart from eliminating waste and fraud, In the sun belt, a number of fast-growing politicians for patronage benefits and politi­ cal clout at the expense of projects that what will it take to rebuild the country's cities and rural areas find themselves widely decaying public works? unable to keep pace with expanding water technical studies deem more necessary. "Every politician likes to cut a ribbon," Some authorities see no alternative but needs. One study for a congressional group another huge spending program, perhaps ri­ warns that the old dust-bowl region of the notes Representative William Clinger, Jr. , a leading proponent of infrastruc­ valing President Franklin D. Roosevelt's central plains, which accounts for 23 per­ Works Progress Administration and the cent of the nation's irrigated farmland and ture reform, "whether it's to open a new bridge or dam or highway or public build­ Public Works Administration, during the produces more than 40 percent of its proc­ Depression. John E. Jacob, president of the essed beef, is in danger of depleting its ing. Few have been as interested in the less visible work of keeping up the sewers or re­ National Urban League, called on Reagan in water sources. early August to loosen his economic policy Regional officials complain that they placing the water pipes or the subway cars.'' For this neglect, analysts say, the ordi­ with a 100-billlon-dollar public-works haven't had an authorization for fresh fed­ scheme. Jacob saw three major benefits eral aid for water projects since 1972. They nary citizen bears at least part of the blame. Opinion polls show a majority of Americans from his plan: Renovating the infrastruc­ warn that new water sources must be devel­ ture to set the stage for long-term growth, oped by the end of the decade to avoid de­ support the trend toward tougher prison sentences, for example, yet bond issues to providing jobs for the nation's mounting un­ clining yields of important export crops. employed and revitalizing sluggish industry. The nation's sewage-treatment systems build more prisons have been voted down in New York and some other states. Dallas In another throwback to the 1930s, Felix are high on the list of decaying public Rohatyn, a New York investment banker, works. Responding to a National League of voters, seeking a modem mass-transit system, rejected local financing to speed the urges revival of the Reconstruction Finance Cities survey, 48 percent of local officials re­ Corporation to provide federally backed ported their sewage and drainage facilities project. Nationally, local voters approved nearly 80 percent of proposed bond issues in loans to cities for public works. "The RFC in need of major reh3.bilitation or replace­ of the 1930s," he recalls, "saved banks some ment. The Environmental Protection the 1950s, but in the 1970s they backed barely more than 50 percent. cities and many businesses, thus preventing Agency estimates that by the year 2,000, 38 much larger dislocations. What's more, it billion dollars will be required for replace­ Even on approved projects, long delays caused by bureaucratic red tape escalate made money for the taxpayer. If we do not ment of sewers and 17.7 billion more for re­ costs through inflation. The Tennessee take some such step to break out of our placement of treatment plants. Valley Authority currently is experiencing present economic straitjacket, then our in­ Problems of sewage backups an average eight-year delay in constructing frastructure and much of our banking and At present, federal grants cannot be used seven new power plants-trebling produc­ industry could face much deeper trouble. to help meet the soaring costs of mainte­ tion costs and hiking the total cost by 11 bil­ Congress is coming up with other propos­ nance and repairs. Pressures are mounting lion dollars. All told, the nation has a back­ als to meet the mounting public-works for a change in that policy as residents of log of more than 100 billion dollars in un­ crisis. Most important: A plan advanced by Chicago, Albuquerque and other cities expe­ completed projects, increasing the tab for bills in both houses to create the national rience sewage backups into their basements taxpayers by an estimated 16 billion a year. capital budget. Aimed at treating the infra­ during heavy rains. Orlando, hard pressed Costs of public works are nudged still structure separately from other programs to to cope with one of the country's highest higher by widespread fraud, corruption, in­ guarantee regular attention and support, rates of growth, has no place but a local efficiency and waste. In Massachusetts, a the proposal is seen by many infrastructure stream to empty its sewage after treatment. blue-ribbon panel investigating bribery and experts as "bringing coherence to a field in Prisons head a long list of public buildings corruption reported that more than 6.4 bil­ disarray." suffering serious deterioration. Of a total of lion dollars' worth of state and county Says Representative Bob W. Edgar . cosponsor of the House bill: "The September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24527 nation can no longer afford to rely on pork­ "lowering our sights and learning to live aggressors all around the world. After all, barrel methods of deciding where to spend within our means." you said, just think of what the lesson on public works. The time has come to in­ Accordingly, some doubt the wisdom of would be if the democratic free nations troduce more order into the whole process, pumping more money into water projects to would stand idly by while aggressors ag­ so as to spend where it can do the most make the barren Western plains bloom, gressed. good." Other sponsors range a political spec­ which some critics say will only produce a We went along with you, although I must trum from liberal House Speaker Thomas P. further tax burden for subsidizing the in­ say a few of us winked a bit, Mrs. Thatcher. "Tip" O'Neill that struck many listeners as highly inap­ WASHINGTON.-For the second time this were replaced, Nimmo's critics say, by per­ sons with no combat experience and whose propriate inasmuch as the audience includ­ summer, Robert P. Nimmo, the embattled chief qualification was personal loyalty to ed Tut Vale of the Blinded Veterans Asso­ administrator of the Veterans Administra­ Nimmo. ciation, Norman Hartnett of the Disabled tion, is the object of a rescue attempt by his American veterans and Jack Powell of the powerful California friends in the White GOES HOME EARLY PVA. House. Nimmo also has annoyed career VA em­ Administration sources reported that ployees by leaving early at the end of the STUPID THING TO SAY White House counselor Edwin Meese 3d was day, by scheduling out-of-town speaking en­ "These men hardly needed to be reminded asking others in the administration to help gagements around golf dates and by such by Nimmo of the price of citizenship," said him save Nimmo's job. Meese's intervention actions as posting a guard at the entrance to one administration official. "It was a stupid comes at a time when others in the adminis­ his office and closing off an elevator to all thing to say." tration want President Reagan to fire but the top VA brass. The latest barrage came when Hagel left. Nimmo because they believe he is insensi­ Some of his former aides believe he has Hagel, a twice-wounded Vietnam veteran, tive to veterans, incapable of running an shown a special hostility toward Vietnam replaced Allan Clark Jr., a Republican activ­ agency and an embarrassement to the Presi­ veterans, once by comparing the effects of ist, West Point graduate and Green Beret dent. the defoliant Agent Orange to teenage acne. captain who lost both legs in Vietnam. 24530 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 Clark resigned after two weeks of working of Economics at the University of Vir­ it finally realized that the "punk" pro­ with Nimmo and before his nomination was ginia, Herbert Stein has consistently confinned by the Senate. gram it sold the Nation was not work­ Clark remained silent at the time, but has cut through the euphemistic rhetoric ing. That, according to Mr. Stein, is since written a letter to Reagan critical of surrounding the President's economic why we had a tax increase 1 year after Nimmo. Hagel worked with Nimmo for 10 program to deliver accurate, pointed the 1981 tax giveaway. months and is credited by the veterans' analyses of what will-and what will I urge my colleagues to take the groups and by Nimmo himself with getting not-work. time to read Mr. Stein's commentary. the VA to study the effects of Agent In the wake of the President's victo­ Members from both sides of the aisle Orange, with bolstering the flagging ry on the tax increase legislation, Mr. ought to take heed to what this distin­ Reagan administration commitment to the Stein has once again done a superb guished economist and former eco­ Vietnam veterans' counseling centers, and job. In an August 27 essay in the Wall with beginning an overdue reorganization of nomic leader under two GOP Presi­ computerized medical data within the VA. Street Journal, Mr. Stein takes on the dents thinks about the tax increase But in late May Hagel, saying that he "Vestal Virgins of the Radical Right," and the President's economic program. could no longer work with Nimmo, went to as he describes them, and outlines why The article follows: the President had to abandon the the White House and offered his resigna­ [From the Wall Street Journal, Aug. 27, tion, which was accepted. supply-side program that has failed to 1982] Nimmo also visited the White House, ad­ deliver the promised economic pros­ ministration sources said, talking to old perity. MR. REAGAN Is A TAx HIKE HERo friends Meese and national security adviser What Mr. Stein drives home is a William P. Clark Jr., letting them know that simple point: Mr. Reagan woke up to The Vestal Virgins of the Radical Right he believed Hagel was more loyal to the vet­ the ill-conceived ideas of the rightwing are tearing their hair and rending their gar­ erans groups than to Nimmo or to the Presi­ ments. Their hero has abandoned their dent. supply-siders. As Stein notes in the essay: dearest principles by supporting a tax in­ Meese and Clark, according to White crease. House officials, went to bat then for What has been abandoned is not principle. Nonsense! What has been abandoned is Nimmo, just as they reportedly are doing What has been abandoned is a set of flaky not principle. What has been abandoned is a now. propositions cooked up to help Mr. Reagan set of flaky propositions cooked up to help Although Nimmo's relationship with get elected and to get the authors of those Mr. Reagan get elected and to get the au­ Meese and William Clark-and not any ex­ propositions into positions of prominence thors of those propositions into positions of pertise or even interest in the VA-led to his and power. Those authors and promoters prominence and power. The authors and appointment as a compromise candidate knew what they were doing. They were tired promoters of these propositions knew what when the White House was desperate to of being right, responsible and out of office. they were doing. They were tired of being name a VA head, there is no doubt that They were tired of saying life is real, life is right, responsible and out of office. They Nimmo had served his country well as a sol­ earnest, and there is no free lunch. They were tired of saying life is real, life is ear­ dier. wanted to promise everything, like all the other girls. nest and there is no free lunch. They In 1943, he left college to become a pilot wanted to promise everything, like all the in the Anny Air Corps. From bases in Eng­ Mr. Stein knew that these ideas were other girls. But they did not want to shock land, he flew B-24s on bombing missions fated to fail. Many months ago, he the maiden aunts of the Republican Party, over Gennany and on his ninth flight was called this program "punk supply­ who still believed in things like balancing shot down over Poland. He was delivered to the budget and getting inflation down. So neutral Sweden, where he was interned for side" because it was ersatz economics­ plenty of glitter and plenty of non­ they invented the following propositions: three months. In the Korean War, Nimmo 1. Cutting tax rates increases the revenue. was commander of an ordnance company. sense. He also knew how this grand When summoned out of retirement by the new scheme was sold. Consider this 2. Inflation can be reduced without a tran­ White House last year, Nimmo came to sitional rise of unemployment. commentary from Mr. Stein: 3. Government expenditures can be great­ Washington with high expectations, and he A few economists and assorted other intel­ concedes now that he had no idea what was ly reduced without sacrifice of anything by lectuals were found to legitimize these prop­ anyone except bureaucrats and welfare waiting for him. ositions. And if you didn't believe, you were The VA, by many accounts, is one of the queens. In fact, the welfare recipients will a dirty old Keynesian, a bleeding-heart egal­ be the chief beneficiaries of the reduction of most demanding and thankless jobs in itarian, or a throwback to Herbert Hoover, Washington. Every VA administrator in the government expenditures, because when the or possibly all of those things. public purse is closed to them they will all last 15 years has been bitterly criticized by But these propositions were false, as was the veterans groups, and despite all the acquire steady jobs and stable families. bound to be discovered when the candidate A few economists and assorted other intel­ headaches, the job is not of cabinet status. became the President. And since these prop­ "I didn't know the extent to which so lectuals were found to legitimize these prop­ ositions were false, the President couldn't ositions. And if you didn't believe, you were many people wanted to help manage [the deliver on all the campaign promises he had VAl. Nor did I realize how sensitive some a dirty old Keynesian, a bleeding-heart egal­ made which were predicated on those prop­ itarian, or a throwback to Herbert Hoover, people are to the agency and what it does," ositions. Nimmo says.e or possibly all of those things. And what were those propositions to But these propositions were false, as was which Mr. Stein refers? They are the bound to be discovered when the candidate MR. REAGAN'S REPUDIATION OF same themes we have heard daily in became the president. And since these prop­ HIS SUPPLY-SIDE MISTAKE this Chamber, Mr. Speaker, themes ositions were false, the president couldn't deliver on all the campaign promises he had that ring hollow today. As described made which were predicated on those prop­ HON. JOHN J. LaFALCE by Mr. Stein, those propositions were: ositions. OF NEW YORK 1. Cutting tax rates increases the revenue. That is the common situation. All candi­ 2. Inflation can be reduced without a tran­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES dates promise more than they can deliver. I sitional rise of unemployment. suppose that almost all voters know that. Tuesday, September 21, 1982 3. Government expenditures can be great­ The test of a president isn't the realism of ly reduced without sacrifice of anything by the promises he made when he was a candi­ e Mr. LAFALCE. Mr. Speaker, Herbert anyone except bureaucrats and welfare Stein has once again sounded a voice date but how, once in office, he chooses queens. In fact, the welfare recipients will which promises to meet and which not. of reason on the issue of Reaganomics. be the chief beneficiaries of the reduction of Republicans and Democrats in this Government expenditures, because when A NUMBER OF COMMITMENTS body would do well to consider his the public purse is closed to them they will Ronald Reagan came into office with a counsel. acquire steady jobs and stable families. number of commitments. He was committed A former Chairman of the Council Today, this rhetoric continues from to a large tax reduction, to large expendi­ ture reduction without tears, specifically to of Economic Advisers under Presidents a few of the most hardened rightwing protecting Social Security benefits, to bal­ Nixon and Ford, a Senior Fellow at true believers. The White House, ancing the budget soon, to a large increase the American Enterprise Institute, prone to these flights of fancy, has of defense expenditures, to reducing infla­ and the A. Willis Robertson Professor toned down some of its rhetoric. And tion, to reducing, or at least not increasing, September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24531 unemployment, and to increasing the trend population and especially of the aged popu­ Without the schedule, financial aid of­ rate of growth of output and productivity. lation. These expenditures had doubled be­ fices are prevented from processing These things could not all be done fully and tween 1971 and 1981. He has cut other non­ Pell grant applications. As Mr. Douma immediately. Saying that is not an expres­ defense expenditures, excluding interest, in sion of ideology or partisanship. It is simply real terms by more than half, back to the indicated in his statement, the Depart­ a matter of arithmetic and the nature of the level of Eisenhower. Other cuts are possible ment of Education has consistently de­ economic system. and desirable, but not on a sufficient scale layed the publication of this schedule. The problem for Mr. Reagan was which of by themselves, and probably not fair or This year, the schedule was published these commitments to honor now and which achievable if taxpayers and tax avoiders are 4 months after the deadline for sub­ to subordinate or defer. He has correctly ruled out of bounds. mission of a proposed rule. made the two most important decisions. So the president gave up the rhetoric of First, he has steadfastly supported the de­ his campaign and stuck to the reality of it, The consistent failure of the Depart­ fense buildup, even though it has greatly which was to promote economic growth. In ment of Education to adhere to the complicated the budget problem. Second, he the process he has done two other things. statutory timetable has resulted in un­ has stood my the Federal Reserve in its dis­ First, he has restored the possibility that we necessary aggravation for families inflationary policy, even though he might will have some principles of fiscal policy trying to plan financing for higher temporarily have relieved himself of respon­ again, some budget rules by which we are education. H.R. 7048 would fix the sibility for unemployment by trying to push willing to be disciplined. That rule doesn't terms of the family contribution the Fed onto a more expansionary course. If have to be a budget-balancing rule. But if schedule in order to assure the timely the Reagan administration does nothing there is no standard of a proper relation be­ publication of this essential schedule else in this term but rearm America and put tween expenditures and revenues for which us durably on a more stable price path it policy-makers are willing to restrain them­ for the 1983-84 school year, and if the will have been one of the great successes of selves, the federal budget will be wildly out Secretary of Education once again this century. of control. Until Aug. 16 we seemed to be in fails to publish the family contribu­ Although these may have been the most or fast approaching that condition. tion schedule on time, for the 1984-85 important decisions the president has made, Second, by making his sacrifice of what school year. Mr. Speaker, I urge pas­ they may not have been the most difficult. was his obvious preference President sage of this bill.e Standing by the defense program kept him Reagan has laid the groundwork for what in line with his own partisans as well as we desperately need, which is a bipartisan with popular sentiment. Supporting the Fed economic policy. The country is in economic LEBANON'S TRAGEDY didn't require him to get out in front as difficulty from which it won't emerge with­ much as to avoid public nagging. out costs and pains. There will have to be The most difficult decision, it seems to an unemployment, expenditure cuts many HON. WIWAM F. GOODUNG outsider, was the decision to support the people will dislike and tax increases many OF PENNSYLVANIA 1982 tax increase. He could have stood firm will detest. If each party and faction is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES on the position that he was not elected to ready to exploit this situation by blaming raise taxes. He could have entered into a the others for what must be done, it will not Tuesday, September 21, 1982 name-calling contest with the Democrats be done. e Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, his­ about who was responsible for the deficits By fighting for the tax increase President Reagan has made it possible for the Demo­ tory will record what happened in and for the condition of the economy. He West Beirut last week as the modem might even have won such a contest. He cratic leadership to cooperate. There will be would surely have retained the devotion of other things for it to cooperate on-such as massacre of the innocents. There is this taxophobic friends. Social Security reform and disinflationary and there can be absolutely no justifi­ That would have been the easy way. But monetary policy. That cooperation hasn't cation for the wholesale slaughter of it would have been wrong. It would have been assured, but at least the possibility has unarmed and unsuspecting women and been wrong for the country. And it would been created.e children. The despicable actions which have been inconsistent with his campaign have been perpetrated on the women position. As the president pointed out in his H.R. 7048 and children of West Beirut serve only Aug. 16 speech, even after the 1982 tax in­ to continue the cycle of violence, crease the ratio of revenue to GNP will be lower than candidate Reagan promised HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER making the chances for peace even during the campaign. That is partly because more remote than before. The murder OF WISCONSIN of all these innocents will not bring Congress made some tax cuts in 1981 that IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the president didn't ask for. It is also partly back Bashir Gemayel or any of his because the decline in the inflation rate has Tuesday, September 21, 1982 deputies; it will, however, more deeply made the real value of the tax cuts larger e Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, ingrain hatred and the desire for re­ than expected. The tax cuts promised in once again, a new academic year is venge in a people already overflowing 1980 and enacted in 1981 were intended to with such feelings. offset more bracket creep than has oc­ upon us. And once again, students at curred. the University of Wisconsin-Madison I do not believe that the Israeli There is, however, a more fundamental are without their promised student fi­ Army was directly involved with the point about consistency with Mr. Reagan's nancial money they need to pay fall massacre, but I find it difficult to be­ commitments. The reason for the promised tuition and fees. Delays in processing lieve that it was unaware of what was tax cut was to increase the national income. Pell grant and guaranteed student going on or of the movements and in­ The underlying objective was to speed up loan applications have prevented the tents of the so-called Christian militia real economic growth. The tax cut envis­ UW financial aid office from disburs­ as it conducted one of the most cra­ aged in 1980 was a tax cut accompanied by a If decline in the federal deficit. But a tax cut ing the sought-after funds. Wallace venly shameful acts of our time. as that raises the deficit is most unlikely to Douma, director of the office of finan­ Israel's Government claims, it was one speed up growth because it would absorb cial aids, as quoted in the September 1 horrible mistake, then as is the case in private saving in financing the deficit rather edition of the campus newspaper, the a parliamentary state, the minister or than in financing private investment. Daily Cardinal, "Federal procrastina­ ministers responsible should resign. At A true supply-side policy-that is, a policy tion in establishing eligibility guide­ the very least, Israel's Minister of War to promote growth in the supply of out­ lines and other rules governing distri­ Sharon should tender his resignation. put-has to be a deficit-reducing policy, as bution of Federal aid has held up the We in America should make it clear was promised during the 1980 campaign. processing of financial aid applica­ that we will not tolerate such actions FISCAL DISCIPINE AGAIN tions.... " by any group. We must make this The conventional taxophobic answer to Mr. Speaker, I offer my support for clear to Prime Minister Begin and the that is to cut expenditures more. People 7048, If who say that are not sitting with a copy of H.R. which would establish a Lebanese Christian leaders alike. the budget in their hands. The president statutory Pell grant family contribu­ the Christian leaders want the help has practically stopped the growth of real tion schedule. It is this schedule that and cooperation of the United States payments to individuals, including Social financial aid offices use to determine in establishing a stable government in Security, despite the continuing rise of the student eligibility and award amounts. Lebanon, they must themselves 24532 EXTENSIONS ·op REMARKS September 21, 1982 behave in a stable manner. Now more H.R. 6046, THE EXTRADITION We should accept the amendments put than ever, hatred must be put aside, REFORM ACT OF 1982 forward by my colleague from Michi­ tolerance must be learned and put into gan in the interests of preserving our practice. Only then will Lebanon be HON. HOWARD WOLPE tradition of due process and respect able to reconstruct itself. A good first OF MICHIGAN for civil liberties. It would be a tragedy step would be for the new President­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES if this ill-worded legislation were to elect Amin Gemayel, brother to the Tuesday, September 21, 1982 lead to extraditions of genuine politi­ assassinated President-elect Bashir cal refugees and thereby implicate the Gemayel, to denounce and condemn in • Mr. WOLPE. Mr. Speaker, I rise to urge my colleagues to think twice United States in their victimization. no uncertain terms last week's massa­ before lending their support to the American interests would hardly be cre and to disassociate himself from passage, unamended, of H.R. 6046, the well served by such an eventuality.e any persons supporting such infamous Extradition Reform Act of 1982. As actions as last week's massacre. To fail the gentleman from California brief in the antitrust case of United "Yet American business and farming Fourth, I feel that the question of explor­ depend absolutely on the smooth function­ ing the endless potential which the regional States of America v. Mercedes-Benz of North America Inc. In 1979 the Justice Depart­ ing of public works. If producers cannot get countries have for multilateral development their products to market on time, prices in­ and expansion of trade, reinforcement of ment had filed suit against the company for forcing auto dealers who carry Mercedes crease and competitiveness declines. If basic economic and technological cooperation services such as water supply or sewage are manpower development, expansion of com­ cars to also buy Mercedes-Benz replacement parts. But last March, Baxter decided to limited, then firms are hampered in their munications networks and increasing educa­ ability to expand and provide more jobs and tional and cultural exchanges could be the drop the case, arguing that the tie-in ar­ rangement did not harm competition, be­ income." key concerns of the consultative organ. Suddenly, policymakers in Washington, Fifth, I believe firmly that cooperation be­ cause it did not give Mercedes any addition­ al market power. state capitals and city halls are starting to tween advanced countries and developing give urgent attention to the erosion of nations and an increase in the cooperation In opposing Baxter's action, the Small Business Legal Defense Committee told the America's basic underpinnings. The consen­ among developing countries in the region sus of experts: It will take a staggering will, if deepened, be able to set an example court: "The specific harm to the small busi­ nesses precluded from competing with Mer­ amount of money over many years to stem for solving the so-called South-North ques­ the spreading decay and reconstruct Ameri­ tion. cedes-Benz ... is obviously of no concern to Mr. Baxter's department. . . . There is no ca's time-ravaged economic base. The successful materialization of a Pacific Choate estimates that local, state and fed­ summit conference will require consent by indication here that Mr. Baxter's division the countries in the region. has paid the slightest attention to [the eral governments would have to spend from Small Business Economic Policy Actl."e 2.5 to 3 trillion dollars this decade-slightly more than all planned defense outlays in LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO SMALL the same period-just to maintain today's REBUILDING AMERICA level of service on public facilities. At BUSINESS present spending levels, he says, less than a HON. WILLIAM F. CUNGER, JR. third of that renovation can be done. HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS The most costly items on a list Choate OF PENNSYLVANIA OF CALIFORNIA presented to a congressional group: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Highways and bridges outside urban areas, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, September 21, 1982 1 trillion dollars. Tuesday, September 21, 1982 City streets, 600 billion. e Mr. CLINGER. Mr. Speaker, I e Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, I Municipal water systems, 125 billion. would like to bring to the attention of Ports and inland waterways, 40 billion. would like to bring to the attention of all my colleagues an incisive and com­ Constructing and renovating up to 3,000 my colleagues an exceptional individ­ pelling article by David B. Richardson prisons and jails, 15 billion. ual, Timothy H. Fine, and a new and which appeared in the U.S. News & Water-pollution controls to meet current noteworthy organization that he has World Report of September 27, 1982. standards, 100 billion. founded. I believe that its creation will Mr. Speaker, I submit to you that "Rebuilding the nation's public infrastruc­ be of interest to the many small busi­ the crumbling condition of our ture," concludes Choate, "promises to be nesses throughout this country that bridges, highways, and water and the single most expensive government chal­ need someone to fight for their rights. sewer systems is an issue of critical im­ lenge of the 1980s and 1990s." I would like to insert this article To speed efforts to cope with the develop­ portance. A Congress concerned about ing crisis, a bipartisan coalition in Congress from the July 1982 issue of INC. into economic development and jobs is pushing for creation of a "national capital the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. cannot afford to overlook this issue. I budget." This would require the administra­ NEW DEFENDER FOR SMALL BUSINESS urge my colleagues, as we undertake a tion, as a beginning, to take a first-ever in­ Small business deserves its day in court. review of the budget process, to con­ ventory of public works throughout the So thinks San Francisco lawyer Timothy H. sider a national capital budget as a country, with a view to assigning priorities Fine, founder of the Small Business Legal mechanism for improving the deci­ for refurbishment and new construction. Defense Committee, a new organization set In state and city governments, which in up to defend the rights of small companies. sions we make regarding our public fa­ recent years have been contributing an aver­ The group's mission, explains Fine, is to cilities. age of 75 percent annually on spending for make sure the government follows the I commend this article to the House public works, officials are wrestling with the Small Business Economic Policy Act of 1980. of Representatives, and I request that unsolved problem of how to increase the That law says all federal agencies must it appear in the REcoRD. funds available to rebuild the aging infra- .

24536 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 structure. Total spending in this field, meas­ because of trucks and heavy traffic. At the Jones, president of Amherst Industries, a ured in constant 1972 dollars, has declined current rate, 2,000 miles more of the inter­ Charleston, W.Va., coal shipper, "the safe 19 percent since 1965, while the nation's state-highway system is wearing out every and efficient movement of coal and other gross national product has risen 62 percent. year. A new congressional study puts the bulk commodities on the inland waterways Finding the additional money now has cost of completing and renovating the high­ will be in danger." been made more difficult by a flight from ways at 54.8 billion dollars. Jones points out that while three nations cities to suburbs, which has reduced munici­ Even more serious decay is attacking 3.9 ranking as leading U.S. competitors in the pal revenues. Adding to the pinch are stiff­ million miles of roads totally supported by world coal market have channels deep ening local tax resistance during the busi­ states, counties and cities. A recent study by enough to accept larger coal vessels, the ness slump and an escalation of interest the Road Information Program, a Washing­ only one in this country is far from coal rates on new bond issues. ton research group, showed that almost two sources, in Long Beach, Calif. Yet strong doubts exist that President thirds of the major roads need resurfacing Reagan can be persuaded to make any sig­ or rebuilding. Nearly 45 percent of the na­ DISAPPEARING WATER, BACKED-UP SEWAGE nificant increase in federal funds for public tion's 557,516 bridges are classified in a Leakage from aging pipes is costing New works. In fact, the White House is pressing recent official report as "either structurally York, Boston, Buffalo and other cities as for cutbacks in subsidies to mass-transit sys­ deficient or obsolete." These include 26 per­ much as a third of their water supplies be­ tems and reduced federal spending in other cent of the bridges on the federally aided tween reservoirs and faucets. Of the na­ fields, while urging state and municipal au­ road system that carries most of the na­ tion's 43,500 dams, 9,000 are reported in thorities to take on more of the burden with tion's traffic. need of safety improvements. Water prob­ help from private enterpise. Of the total of officially "deficient lems are so widespread, according to one of­ DAILY HAZARDS, BREAKDOWNS bridges," 126,655 of those are so unsafe as to ficial report, that 756 urban areas face a bill be restricted by federal law to light vehi­ of 63 billion dollars to repair or replace ex­ For many Americans, the consequences of cles-no buses, trucks, truck trailers, vans or isting facilities. Meanwhile, the leakage is a decaying infrastructure are becoming fire engines-or closed to traffic altogether cutting into revenues from usage that might more apparent almost daily: pending rehabilitation. At least 3,416 pay for new piping. Many cities warn that In Jersey City, N.J., the water supply ran bridges have been closed for repairs or for they will experience funding shortfalls even out in midsummer for the city's 223,000 resi­ good. The Transportation Department dents with a rupture in a main of the 82- if water rates are doubled. places the cost of replacing or rehabilitating In the sun belt, a number of fast-growing year-old water system. It took five days to all bridges at 47.6 billion dollars. To help restore drinkable water, as National Guards­ cities and rural areas find themselves state and local governments foot that bill­ unable to keep pace with expanding water men ladled out supplies from tank trucks. they finance about 60 percent of bridges In Colorado during the same month, 80- needs. One study for a congressional group costs-the Highway Users Federation has warns that the old dust-bowl region of the year-old Lawn Lake Dam gave way, sending urged Congress to triple the present rate of 250 million gallons of water cascading central plains, which accounts for 23 per­ federal funding through the federal High­ cent of the nation's irrigated farmland and through the Rocky Mountain resort town of way Trust Fund. The fund takes in about Estes Park. Four people were killed, and produces more than 40 percent of its proc­ property damage from the flood ran to 21 6.6 billion dollars a year in fuel taxes and essed beef, is in danger of depleting its highway-user charges-but is already so water sources. million dollars. heavily committed to various projects that Many communities now live under the Regional officials complain that they it is running a deficit. haven't had an authorization for fresh fed­ daily threat of a failure of one vital public The nation's bus and subway systems also facility or another. In Cleveland, that eral aid for water projects since 1972. They are hard pressed for money to fight spread­ warn that new water sources must be devel­ danger is the 43-year-old Main Avenue ing obsolescence. So critical is the deteriora­ Bridge, the main traffic artery to downtown oped by the end of the decade to avoid de­ tion in urban-transportation fleets that clining yields of important export crops. from western CUyahoga County. The bridge transit officials in a quarter of the 300 cities has recently shown such signs of decay that with such services say they might have to The nation's sewage-treatment systems authorities closed it six nights for tempo­ cease operations by 1985 if a threatened cut are high on the list of decaying public rary repairs. Such repairs have cost 1. 7 Inil­ in federal support goes through. Their works. Responding to a National League of lion dollars in the last three years, and con­ target: A Reagan adlninistration proposal to Cities survey, 48 percent of local officials re­ tracts worth $600,000 more are to be let cut out all federal operating subsidies, ported their sewage and drainage facUlties soon. which at 1.1 billion dollars annually now in need of major rehabllitation or replace­ "It's a crime spending this money, because cover 15 percent of transit costs. ment. The Environmental Protection we're just putting bandages on the bridge," Even at current federal-support levels and agency estimates that by the year 2,000, 38 says CUyahoga County Engineer Thomas J. with recent fare increases in some places to billion dollars will be required for replace­ Neff. "But closing it would be catastrophic as high as 90 cents, transit budgets fall far ment of sewers and 17.7 billion more for re­ in traffic terms, and we simply can't find short of meeting rising labor and equipment placement of treatment plants. the 30 Inillion dollars it would take to re­ costs. The resulting limits on maintenance Problems of sewage backups. At present, build." and repair are causing buses and subway federal grants cannot be used to help meet In Phoenix, the big worry is the sudden cars to break down with increasing frequen­ the soaring costs of maintenance and re­ appearance of cracks in the earth, as long as cy. San Francisco recently had to shut down pairs. Pressures are mounting for a change 400 feet in one residential neighborhood. A its 100-year-old cable-car system, a major in that policy as residents of Chicago, Albu­ road sign outside the city depicts a car tourist attraction, for 20 months for a "total querque and other cities experience sewage plunging into a crevice and warns drivers renewal." backups into their basements during heavy they are entering a "subsidence area." The A survey by the American Public Transit rains. Orlando, hard pressed to cope with fissures are a direct consequence of large­ Association concludes that within this one of the country's highest rates of scale pumping from aquifers to meet in­ decade 72 percent of all transit buses and 28 growth, has no place but a local stream to creasing water demands in the fast-growing percent of all subway cars must be replaced. empty its-sewage after treatment. Arizona city. Transportation Secretary Drew Lewis places Prisons head a long list of public buildings These are but a few of the problems a price tag of 40 billion dollars to maintain suffering serious deterioration. Of a total of caused by an infrastructure that has long the operational level of transit systems 3,500 prisons in the country, 3,000 are so old served the country well but now shows the through the 1980s. To help urban authori­ and structurally inadequate as to need effects of years of heavy usage and neglect. ties raise the money, he favors increasing major renovation or expansion.The problem As John Wiedeman, president-elect of the gasoline taxes for automobiles by 4 cents a has been compounded by a sharp rise in the American Society of Civil Engineers, puts it: gallon and for heavy trucks by 1 cent a number of prisoners-a 12.1 percent jump in "Virtually every part of the country has its gallon. Neither the White House nor Con­ 1981 alone-caused by a nationwide trend own horror story." The full extent of the gress seems ready to embrace that proposal. toward tougher sentencing and a hold-down challenge of decaying public works is emerg­ Ports and inland waterways are suffering on paroles. ing from recent studies by government offi­ the consequences of a five-year lapse in fed­ Estimates of what it would take to build cials and private experts. eral authorizations for needed improve­ or renew prisons to keep up with needs A CATALOG OF TRANSPORTATION WOES ments. Commercial users seek more channel range from 10 to 14 billion dollars. With the Some 8,000 miles of the nearly completed dredging to reduce harbor congestion and necessary funds lacking in many cities and 42,944-Inile interstate-highway system­ cut the rate of accidents. Especially sought states, officials have had to require doubling begun in the 1950s-are crumbling and must is a renovation of old locks. "Unless critical­ up in small cells, the transfer of some pris­ be resurfaced, says a new official survey. ly deficient, aging, undersized locks are re­ oners to makeshift quarters-and, in Florida Pavements erode in 15 years or less, mainly placed or improved," warns Charles T. and Maryland, even the early release of September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24537 prisoners serving short terms to make room cause parts of bricks have been falling from Such proposals for dramatic action by for new convicts. its facade. Washington have their critics, both in and In Albuquerque, some of the 400 inmates Oklahoma has had some of the country's out of government. They are called "inap­ now crowded into a jail that was built for worst corruption in public works. There, 195 propriate for what must be a long-term 325 will soon share temporary quarters in a county commissioners out of 231 have been effort" by David A. Grossman, former New nearby mental institution, pending a prison­ convicted or have pleaded guilty to pocket­ York City budget director and a public­ expansion program. ing county funds for nonexistent transac­ works consultant. Others label them as in­ A HIDDEN AGENDA OF NEGLECT tions or from kickbacks on purchases of ma­ flationary and conflicting with the prevail­ Why have local, state and federal authori­ terials and equipment. In one case, investi­ ing Reagan policy of reducing federal in­ ties allowed this steady deterioration of the gators found a gunnysack stuffed with more volvement and transferring more responsi­ than a million dollars in fictitious invoices. bility to the states. nation's vital infrastructure? George Peter­ lllegal practices among highway contrac­ son, director for the Public Finance Center Moreover, many economists say such a tors led to the largest antitrust investigation budget would further complicate overall of the Urban Institute, holds the view that in the Justice Department's history, gener­ "in too many areas of government, public policymaking, among other things, by ating 170 criminal prosecutions since 1979 adding another bureaucratic layer to the works constitute a hidden agenda of ne­ for bid rigging in which construction firms glect." process. David Rusk, former Albuquerque Agreeing, one former local official ob­ manipulate the competitive-bidding process mayor says: "Federal lawmakers cannot serves: "For many years, the ruling philoso­ for illegal gains. These cases-involving 154 match state and local ones at knowing the corporations in Southern and Midwestern problems of public works in the field. Wher­ phy has been, 'We'll take care of that later.' states-have resulted in 130 guilty pleas and The tendency has been to take public works ever possible, more taxing authority should 10 convictions, with maximum penalties of 1 be transferred to local governments-along for granted, as though these never wear million dollars for a corporation, $100,000 our." with such incentives to voters as tax credits Another obstacle is seen as Washington's for each individual plus three years in to ease the job of local financing." traditional pork-barrel approach to public­ prison. Federal investigators say the 14 Some American communities are making works funding. Too often, experts charge, states covered so far are only a starter. headway with new initiatives. Baltimore, congressional appropriations for local im­ MEETING THE CHALLENGE Pittsburgh and Dallas are pursuing renova­ provements or construction are promoted by Apart from eliminating waste and fraud, tion programs with broadened local support, politicians for patronage benefits and politi­ what will it take to rebuild the country's including that of private enterprise. Many cal clout at the expense of projects that widely decaying public works? experts look at a Cleveland experiment of technical studies deem more necessary. Some authorities see no alternative but involving county and regional authorities­ "Every politician likes to cut a ribbon," another huge spending program, perhaps ri­ along with local banks and private compa­ notes Representative William Clinger, Jr. valing President Franklin D. Roosevelt's nies-as a possible model for other cities. In , cosponsor of the House bill: "The set at 38.8 billion dollars. To one analyst, building construction was defective, requir­ nation can no longer afford to rely on pork­ such economy moves are simply a case of ing 2.1 billion in changes. Among the de­ barrel methods of deciding where to spend "lowering our sights and learning to live fects: A college auditorium stage that on public works. The time has come to in­ within our means.'' cannot be seen from balcony seats; a jail in troduce more order into the whole process, Accordingly, some doubt the wisdom of which cell doors won't lock; an old-age home so as to spend where it can do the most pumping more money into water projects to without stairway railings and a 9-million­ good.'' Other sponsors range a political spec­ make the barren Western plains bloom, dollar power plant rendered unusable by a trum from liberal House Speaker Thomas which some critics say will only produce a steam generating system installed back­ P."Tip" O'Neill to Representative further tax burden for subsidizing the in­ wards. Jack Kemp possible to target a missile with precision. only the U.S.S.R. has used radar satellites, Thus purely scientific satellites, by greatly powered by nuclear reactors to reconnoitre Mr. Chairman, Distinguished Delegates: It increasing the accuracy of warheads, can the movements of ships at sea, as was re­ is both an honour and a responsibility to have a major impact on strategy. Yet does vealed when Kosmos 954 crashed in Canada appear before you today, to discuss military anyone suggest that they be prohibited? in 1978. activities in the last and greatest arena of Even meteorological satellites, one of the human affairs. Another area of confusion and controver­ Although this meeting is concerned with most benign of all applications of space sy is that of Landsats or earth resources sat­ the prevention of an arms race in outer technology, because they have already ellites, which give superb views of our space, prevention is only one aspect of the saved thousands of lives, are of obvious mili­ planet, of enormous value to farmers, indus­ tary importance. trialists, city-planners, fishermen-in fact, problem. As the mathematicians would say, Similarly, communications satellites it is necessary but not sufficient. I shall also anyone concerned with the use and abuse of discuss the positive uses of space technol­ would play an absolutely vital role in mili­ Mother Earth. The United States has made ogies for strengthening international securi­ tary operations. Yet neither represents a its Landsat photographs, which have a ty. direct threat to peace. ground resolution of roughly 80 metres, Before doing so, may I very briefly give Just as military helicopters can be used available to all nations. Not surprisingly, my qualifications for addressing you. I for disaster relief work, so some military there has been some concern about the mili­ became a member of the British Interplan­ space systems can be positively benign. tary information that these photographs in­ etary Society in 1934, and was later its Indeed, we might not be alive today without evitably contain. That concern will be in­ Chairman. In 1951 I presided over the first the stabilising influence of the reconnais­ creased now that Landsat D has started op­ London meeting of the International Astro­ sance satellites operated by both the U.S. erations with a resolution of 30 metres; I nautical Association, and I have known and the U.S.S.R. was stunned by the beauty and definition of most of the leading figures in the field. Let me remind you of a piece of recent the first photographs when they were Only two months ago, I had the privilege of history: in the early 1960s, there was a vig­ shown to us at Unispace a few weeks ago. being hosted at "Star Village" by my friend orous campaign in the United States claim­ The French SPOT satellite will have even Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov and his col­ ing that the U.S.S.R. was far in advance in better resolution <10-20 metres> and this is leagues. I have written more than thirty the development of intercontinental ballis­ rapidly approaching the area of military im­ books on space, and this month spoke at tic missiles. The so-called "missile gap" was portance, although it is nowhere near (per­ Unispace '82 as a member of the Sri Lanka a major theme in the Kennedy-Nixon cam­ haps by a factor of one hundred> the defini­ Delegation. paign, and millions of words were written tion of the best reconnaissance satellites Back in 1945, as a Royal Force Officer, I urging that the United States start a crash under favourable conditions. wrote the paper that outlined the principles program to overcome the Soviet Union's There is a continuous spectrum between of satellite communications and the use of enormous lead. the abilities of the earth resources satellites the geostationary orbit. A few months later, That missile gap was a total illusion-de­ and the reconnaissance satellites, and it is my essay 'The Rocket and the Future of stroyed when American reconnaissance sat­ impossible to say that one is military and Warfare' won first prize in a competition set ellites revealed the true extent of Soviet the other is not. What matters is, again, in­ by the Royal Air Force Quarterly. It has rocket deployment. President Johnson later tention. been a strange experience reading that remarked that reconnaissance satellites had One may sum up the situation by saying paper again after almost 40 years, and I saved the United States many times the cost that although these satellites may be an­ would like to quote the lines of Shelley with of the space program, by making it unneces­ noying to some nations, they are not aggres­ which the essay began:- sary to build the counter-force originally in­ sive: and that is the essential factor. Cease! Drain not to its dregs the urn tended. More confusion has now been ·created by Of bitter prophecy. By a fantastic coincidence, just yester­ the American Space Shuttle, which has The world is weary of the past, day-in fact, on my flight here!-! discov­ been heavily criticised in the Soviet Union. Oh, might it die or rest at last! ered President Johnson's actual words, and It is perfectly true that many of the Shut­ Nevertheless, "bitter prophecy" is indeed I quote:- tle's missions will be military, yet it is as po­ what we are concerned with today. So first, "We were doing things we didn't need to tentially neutral as any other vehicle. ' I must request you-if you have not already do, we were building things we didn't need The one new factor the Shuttle does in­ done so-to read Jonathan Schell's book, to build; we were harbouring fears we didn't troduce is that, for the first time, it gives a "The Fate of the Earth," which is the most need to harbour." space-faring power the ability to examine, convincing account yet given of the realities However, in a sense, that information may and perhaps to retrieve, satellites belonging of nuclear warfare. It should be required have come too late. One can picture the to somebody else, thus opening up prospects reading for every statesman. feelings of the Soviet military planners of 'space piracy'-as the Soviet Union has Any yet Carl Sagan has summed up the when contemplating this American debate. put it. However, one cannot help thinking implications of this entire book in a single They knew they did not have the weapons that fears on this score have been greatly chilling sentence:-"World War Two once a the United States claimed, so what was the exaggerated. If you do not want anyone to minute, for the length of a lazy summer purpose of the exercise? Were the Ameri­ capture your satellite, it is absurdly simple afternoon." cans deliberately creating an excuse to re­ to boobytrap it and thus destroy, with very One other reference:-! hope that you can arm? That might have seemed the most little trouble, an extremely expensive rival arrange to see the BBC's recent Horizon sci­ plausible assumption-but in fact, ignorance space system. ence programme, "The Race to Ruin", rather than malice was the explanation. In From past experience, I would venture a which showed the first test of laser weapons any event, the Soviet Union decided it must prediction in this area. When only the on airborne targets and interviewed both produce the missiles which, at that time, ex- United States possessed reconnaissance sat- .

24540 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 ellites, there was a great outcry in the truly under way will be emphasized when nopoly of reconnaissance satellites, are Soviet Union about these 'illegal spy de­ one realises that these planned ASATs are strongly opposed to such a scheme. The vices'. When the Soviet Union also pos­ only the primitive precursors of systems British government is also lukewarm, to say sessed them, this cry was suddenly stilled. now being contemplated. For a horrifying the least. In the same way, when the Soviet Shuttle is description of the next phase of space war­ Nevertheless, we have seen that in mat­ launched, perhaps we will hear no more talk fare I refer you to the recently published ters of great, though lesser importance, of space piracy. "High Frontier" study directed by General such as international communications, it is The essential point is that all these sys­ Daniel 0. Graham. This envisages building possible to have extremely effective co-oper­ tems-communications, meteorological, geo­ scores of orbital fortresses to intercept on­ ation between a hundred or more countries, detic, reconnaissance, and the Shuttle coming ICBMs before they could reach even with violently opposing ideologies. itself-though they represent some degree their targets. Such a system would cost not Intelsat is a prime example, as on a smaller of militarisation of space are still, for the billions, but hundreds of billions of dollars scale is Intersputnik; and in the near future moment, defensive or even benign. Some and of course would only be a stepping Arabsat will establish its regional space countries may be upset by certain applica­ stone to something even more expensive. system. tions, but they can all live with them, ac­ Which leads inevitably to the subject of I like the name Peacesat, and although cepting their benefits as well as their disad­ laser and particle beam weapons. Now that the long-imagined 'death-ray• is technically that has already been pre-empted by the vantages. The new factor which has now en­ Pacific Radio Network using ATS 1, I will tered the discussion is that of deliberately possible, it has been seized upon as a solu­ tion to the problem of defense against nu­ use the term, with due acknowledgement, destructive space systems, i.e. weapons. for the remainder of this talk. It seems to have been forgotten that the clear missiles. A vigorous debate is in progress over the practicability of such sys­ Reactions at Unispace 82 and elsewhere first weapons were introduced into space suggest that the Peacesat is an idea whose almost twenty years ago by the United tems and the consensus appears to be that although they are theoretically possible, it time has come. Those who are sceptical States, which exploded several nuclear war­ about its practicability should realize that heads above the atmosphere in tests of a will be decades rather than years before they can become operational, except for rel­ most of its elements are present, at least in possible anti-satellite system. This approach rudimentary form, in existing or planned was abandoned when it led to the discov­ atively close-range purposes. However, I am always suspicious of nega­ systems. The French SPOT satellite, with a ery-only recently rediscovered, to the con­ ground resolution of 10-20 metres, has al­ sternation of military planners-that a few tive judgments, because I remember vividly the debate in the United States over the ready been mentioned. Whether the super­ nuclear blasts in space could knock out all powers wish it or not, the facilities of an satellites, simply by the intensity of the ra­ possibilities of long-range rockets in the late '40s. Let me quote again the notorious pro­ embryo Peacesat system will soon be avail­ diation pulse. nouncement made by the chief American able to all countries in the near future. This fact hovers ominously over all discus­ defense scientist Dr. Vannevar Bush in 1945: May I remind my Russian and American sions of space weapons systems. A desperate "There has been a great deal said about a friends that it is wise to cooperate with the country could blind and cripple all its 3,000 mile high-angle rocket. . . . I don't inevitable; and wiser still to exploit the inev­ enemy's satellites-as well as everyone think anyone in the world knows how to do itable. else's-by a few large nuclear explosions such a thing, and I feel confident that it will Peacesats could develop in a non-contro­ above the atmosphere. not be done for a long period time to come Such lack of discrimination had led to a ve~ial manner out of what Howard Kurtz, . . . I think we can leave that out of our therr long-time advocate, has called the search for precision weapons. Since as far thinking. I wish the American public would back as 1968, the Soviet Union has made Global Information Co-operative. leave that out of their thinking." This could be a consortium of agencies for more than 20 tests of a non-nuclear anti-sat­ The American public did; but the Rus­ ellite destroyer, or ASAT, which hovers weather, mapping, search and rescue, re­ sians didn't. sources and pollution monitoring, disaster near its victim and explodes in a shower of If a thing is theoretically possible, and fragments. In June 1982, it tested this satel­ watch, information retrieval and, of course, someone needs it badly enough, it will be communications. No one denies the need for lite system for the first time in conjunction achieved eventually, whatever the cost. And with large scale ballistic missile launches these facilities. If they were provided global­ when one side develops a new system, the ly, they would inevitably do much of the from silos and submarines. other will try to outdo it. The two super­ The interesting question arises-why are work of a Peacesat system. The only extra powers are both led by intelligent and re­ element required would be the evaluation the Russians so concerned with developing sponsible men, yet they sometimes appear an ASAT system, with its obvious destabilis­ and intelligence teams needed to analyse like small boys standing in a pool of gaso­ the information obtained. ing implications? One can only assume that line-each trying to acquire more matches the Soviet Union, which is able to obtain a than the other, when a single one is more The organization, financing and operation great amount of information about the U.S. than sufficient. of a Peacesat system has been discussed in military establishment by old-fashioned It is no longer true that wars begin in the the UN report, to which I refer you for de­ techniques realizes that reconnais­ cuits of computers. Yet the technologies problems of peace: there is no such thing. sance satellites are much more vital to the which could destroy us can also be used for But at least it is worthy of serious consider­ Americans than to itself. our salvation. From their very nature, space ation, as one way of escape from our present Predictably, the United States has not systems are uniquely adapted to provide predicament-all of us standing in that pool been indifferent to this Russian lead. Presi­ global facilities, equally beneficial to all na­ of gasoline, making our Mutual Assured De­ dent Reagan has now announced the devel­ tions. struction ever more assured. To quote from opment of an ASAT system much more ad­ As you are well aware, in 1978 the French General Graham of the High Frontier Proj­ vanced than the Soviet satellite-killers; Government proposed the establishment of ect: "We should abandon this immoral and indeed, it introduces a new dimension into an International Satellite Monitoring militarily bankrupt theory . . . and move space warfare. Agency to help enforce peace treaties and to from Mutual Assured Destruction to As­ The American weapon is launched not monitor military activities. This has been sured Survival. . . . Should the Soviet from the ground, but from high-flying air­ the subject of a detailed study by a United Union wish to join in this endeavour ... we craft, thus jumping up out of the atmos­ Nations Committee conducted by Dr. I would like to end as I began, with the overhead. This makes it very flexible and Hubert G. Bortzmeyer. The conclusion is conclusion of my 1946 essay, "The Rocket extremely difficult to intercept, as it could that such a system could well play a major and the Future of Warfare." be launched from any point on the earth at role in the preservation of peace. "The only defense against the weapons of very short notice. The operational and political difficulties the future is to prevent them ever being Doubtless, scientists in the Soviet Union are obviously very great, yet they are trivial used. In other words, the problem is politi­ are attempting to find a counter to this when compared with the possible advan­ cal and not military at all. A country's system and so the insane escalation of weap­ tages. The expense-one or two billion dol­ armed forces can no longer defend it; the ons will continue-unless something can be lars-is also hardly a valid objection. It has most they can promise is the destruction of done to check it. been estimated that its reconnaissance sat­ the attacker.... . Neither the U.S. nor U.S.S.R. ASAT sys­ ellites saved the United States the best part "Upon us, the heirs to all the past and the tems will be operational for some years, so of a trillion dollars. A global system might trustees of a future which our folly can slay perhaps there is a last chance to prevent be an even better investment; and who can before its birth, lies a responsibility no the introduction of offensive systems into space. The impor­ However, the United States and the Soviet generation, those who come after us may be tance of halting this arms race before it gets Union, anxious to preserve their joint mo- too few to rebuild the world, when the dust September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24541 of the cities has descended, and the radi- of the scheduling of hearings and matters of city government. However, ation of the rocks has died away."e trials and that property held for evi­ he will be remembered primarily for dentiary purposes is returned as his untiring convictions and efforts in REPRESENTATIVES RODINO AND promptly as possible. behalf of improving conditions for mi­ FISH TO INTRODUCE COMPRE- RESTITUTION norities and in promoting brotherhood HENSIVE VICTIM AND WIT- The purpose of restitution in the among all races and religions. NESS PROTECTION AND AS- criminal justice system is to restore Today's Miami Herald notes that in SISTANCE ACT the victim to the victim's financial his days as president of the Miami status quo before the offense-to chapter of the NAACP, he broke the HON. PETER W. RODINO, JR. make the victim financially whole. color bar at a local beach, leading a OF NEW JERSEY The bill deals with restitution in two group of blacks on a swim-in in No­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ways. First, and most importantly, the bill encourages greater use of restitu­ vember 1959. The suit he filed in Tuesday, September 21, 1982 tion as a criminal penalty by making behalf of his son led to the integration • Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, later restitution a criminal penalty for all of Dade County's public schools. He this week my distinguished colleague offenses defined in title 18 of the campaigned to open up jobs for blacks. from New York, HAMILTON FISH, will United States Code. Procedures are He was also a leading force on the joint me in introducing legislation to spelled out for determining in a par­ Community Relations Board and the provide additional protections and as­ ticular case whether restitution is an National Conference of Christians and sistance to victims and witnesses in appropriate penalty and, if so, what Jews and did much to keep Miami Federal criminal cases. This is much­ the amount of the restitution should calm during the very difficult days of needed legislation. be. In addition, the bill directs the At­ the 1960's, when other cities were torn For too many years the criminal jus­ torney General to report to Congress by racial strife. tice system has tended to neglect the within a year on the need for legisla­ Father Gibson was my friend and needs of crime victims and witnesses. tion to assure that a Federal felon will counselor throughout all the years I As Bertram Gross observed in an arti­ not derive profit from books, articles, cle in the Nation: have been in public office, so I feel a movies and the like about the offense. special sorrow and loss. [AJ crime victim often suffers triple jeop­ Our bill was developed in consulta­ ardy. The victim suffers at the hands of the tion with victim advocacy groups-the He was beloved by south Florid­ burglar, mugger ... or arson profiteer, he National Organization for Victim As­ tans-black and white alike. He was suffers when he loses wages because of the time he must spend in well as a dedicated spiritual leader. His court, and he suffers a third time if his co­ tion, and the National Coalition operation with the authorities brings retal­ Against Sexual Assault-the American wisdom and caring will be missed by us iation by the accused. Civil Liberties Union, and the Justice all. I join Father Gibson's legion of The legislation that Representative Department. We are unaware of any friends in extending condolences to his FisH and I will introduce addresses opposition to its provisions, which are wife and family.e the concerns of victims and witnesses similar to the provisions in the bill re­ in three areas: personal safety, fair cently passed by the Senate. The Judi­ treatment, and restitution. ciary Committee will give expeditious TRIBUTE TO CALVIN SIMMONS PERSONAL SAFETY consideration to the legislation, and The bill clarifies and strengthens we are hopeful that it can be enacted HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS into law before the end of the 97th present Federal offenses that prohibit OF CALIFORNIA the use of force or threats of force in Congress. order to intimidate or retaliate against Members who are interested in co­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES victims and witnesses. The bill also sponsoring the legislation, or who Tuesday, September 21, 1982 deals with harassing conduct that does would like additional information not involve the use of force or threats about it, are invited to contact Tom • Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, it is by authorizing Federal courts to issue, Hutchison .e portunity to share with my colleagues tor, a civil injunction preventing the passing of a talented and distin­ victim or witness harassment. Finally, THE REVEREND THEODORE guished man, Calvin Simmons, the the bill requires that there be an ex­ GIBSON young conductor of the Oakland Sym­ plicit condition of every release on bail phony. His untimely death has been a that the person released not commit a HON. DANTE B. FASCELL tragic loss, not only to the music victim or witness intimidation or retal­ world, but to our entire community. OF FLORIDA iation offense. As an accomplished conductor, he IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES FAIR TREATMENT brought his music to thousands but he The bill contains two provisions in­ Tuesday, September 21, 1982 was always a humanitarian, a man tended to insure that victims and wit­ e Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, the who cared deeply about the careers of nesses receive better treatment by the country and south Florida have lost young musicians and brought the arts Federal criminal justice system. First, one of the shining lights of the civil within reach of many people. He spent the bill requires that a Federal judge rights movement and one of the com­ much of his time and energy to en­ receive, before sentencing a convicted munity's outstanding civic leaders. hance the lives of others. At this time defendant, information about the The Reverend Theodore Gibson I wish to express my heartfelt sympa­ impact of the crime upon the victim. passed away yesterday after a long thy to his family and to his many The bill also directs the Attorney Gen­ and painful illness. A spiritual leader friends and admirers. eral, within 9 months, to formulate of great respect, he served his church and implement guidelines insuring and followers with strong faith and I would like to insert this article that victims and witnesses will be unfailing dedication. He rose to from the August 23, 1982, edition of fairly treated at all stages of the Fed­ become a canon of the Episcopal the San Francisco Examiner into the eral criminal justice process. These Church. RECORD. guidelines are to encompass such mat­ Father Gibson served for 9¥2 years ters as seeing to it that victims and on the Miami City Commission and witnesses receive prompt notification was a strong and forceful leader in all 24542 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 [From the San-Francisco Examiner, Aug. Conductor John Pritchard, then the have been the conductor to give us a Shos­ 23, 19821 music director of England's tony Glynde­ takovich cycle at last. After a deeply moving SIMMONS: STORY ENDED Too QUICKLY boune Festival, heard Simmons at the performance of "Jephtha" last December, THE OAKLAND SYMPHONY CONDUCTOR .MADE A Opera House and hired him for the music he contemplated an extended Handel orato­ CAREER OF SURPASSING EXPECTATIONS staff. Simmons spent the next four sum­ rio series. mers amid the verdant hills of Sussex, And 20th Century British music remained moving up to the podium in 1976, the first ever close to his soul. Sir Michael Tippett 0AKLAND.-0ak~and Symphony conductor American conductor so honored. was both a household god and an intimate Calvin Simmons' apparent death Saturday The engagements piled up. The Met, the evening at the age of 32 wrote the final friend, and when Simmons gave the West New York Philharmonic, Mostly Mozart, Coast premiere of that noble composer's chapter to an agonizingly abbreviated Amer­ back to the S.F. Opera for a couple of late ican success story. craggy fourth symphony two years ago, he season "Bohemes" in 1978, and a guest shot covered himself with glory. Given the ready supply of young conduc­ with the Oakland Symphony. When music tors waiting in the wings for their chance at Style as much as taste separated Simmons the big time, and the voracious need for director Harold Farberman announced his from the herd. No other conductor ever their services, the musical world at large resignation at the end of the following evinced more passionate interest in the will doubtless absorb Simmons' loss soon season, the field was quickly narrowed to fledgling musician. No other conductor ever enough. Simmons and five other hot prospects. It visited the schools in his town so frequently But it will take much longer for anybody was no contest. or cared so acutely about the fate of music in the Bay Area to forget. For audiences Simmons would have begun his fourth education in an age of cutbacks. No other who heard Simmons conduct on one of his season and second three-year contract with conductor ever brought the orchestra so vig­ great nights, it will take years. For anyone the Oakland Symphony next month. He orously into the community, or welcomed lucky enough to succumb to his personal was given a demoralized organization with a the minority musician so fervently into the magnetism, it will probably take a lifetime. diminishing audience, and he infused the orchestra. Calvin Simmons was the local boy who playing with a vitality and a passion that Not every performance Simmons gave was made good and made history, too. He was frequently gave rival orchestras a run for unforgettable, as he, himself, would admit. the devastatingly precocious black kid who their classical music dollar. But in all of them lay the possibility of was on a first-name basis with seemingly CertainJy, Simmons appealed to the con­ greatness. Keys turning and doors opening. half the population of Northern California. siderable black population of Oakland. But Now they are locked forever, and the He was the gangly youngster who came up that novelty, according to the symphony's music world is a smaller, duller place to through the ranks, who touched virtually long-time concertmaster, Nathan Rubin, visit.• every comer of the musical community and quickly passed. The community judged him enriched all of them. The smart, sassy pres­ on his musicianship alone and so did the ence who untimely fooled even the skeptics players. He was not found wanting. "ROLL OUT THE STONEY'S" with the one irresistible fact: "Calvin handled the orchestra with an un­ ECHOES AFTER 75 YEARS Talent is the onJy excuse. derstanding of mastery and how to achieve Yet it was a talent still evolving, still find­ it," recalls Rubin. "In rehearsal he always ing new avenues, new ways and new heroes. sensed how to increase tension and how to HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS You couldn't fix it. You couldn't categorize relax it." OF PENNSYLVANIA it. And almost every step Simmons took, • Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, on Sat­ It was a career of surpassing expectations urday, October 9, a musical jingle that and Simmons was a master at it. Some observers, however, thought the When he was 10, he wanted to get into the opera pit was where Simmons really be­ has echoed off and on for 75 years San Francisco Boys Chorus so badly that he longed. In September 1981, he returned to through the rolling green hills of played the piano for his own audition. the War Memorial for the American pre­ southwest Pennsylvania, will be heard Former chorus director Madi Bacon miere of Dimitri Shostakovich's long sup­ again. If you are in the neighborhood thought he sang abominably, but he played pressed "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk." The of Smithton, Pa., with a taste for the the piano so well and was so engaging she evening was an unqualified triumph, musi­ hops, you are apt to hear: just had to keep him. A couple of years cal theater at its blazing best. It led Michael "Roll out the Stoney's, later, after his voice changed, Bacon kept al­ Walsh of Time magazine to call Simmons one of the five best young conductors in the Fetch me my beer. tering his title-anything to keep him on as Roll out the Stoney's, coach and assistant conductor. country. He was hooked on music as a career. He The assessment may well have been cor­ That's why I'm here!" finished Balboa High School, went east to rect. Over the years, Simmons had slowly It is the lyrical logo of the Jones the Cincinnati College Conservatory and to learned to associate himself with opera pro­ Brewing Co., and it has been brewed in Philadelphia's Curtis Institute, where he ductions that bore a sense of allure and Smithton, Pa., for three quarters of a studied conducting under Max Rudolf and prestige. The San Diego Opera's world pre­ century by the "House of Jones," the piano with Rudolf Serkin. miere of Gian Carlo Menotti's "La Loca" He turned his back on the glory and came with Beverly Sills in 1979 may have been a family of William B. "Stoney" Jones. home to the San Francisco Opera, to a failure. But this summer's "Cosi Fan Founded by "Stoney" in 1907 with coaching job for the Merola Training Pro­ Tutte," in St. Louis, which united Simmons 10 employees, the company turned out gram, to a conducting post for Western with director Jonathan Miller and transla­ approximately 5,000 barrels of beer a Opera Theater and to the man whom he tor Andrew Porter, was a smashing success. year. It has grown steadily without often called "his adopted father," the Simmons was to have conducted Porter's succumbing to the lure of fad or Opera's former general director Kurt Her­ new version of "The Magic Flute" at the gadget beers. Today, still adhering to bert Adler. Simmons won the prestigious New York City Opera in a few weeks. the traditions of personal contact, award that carries his mentor's name in So, too, did his attitude toward the orches­ 1972. tral repetoire change. Mozart remained his local areas concentration and the Edward Com, current director of the Wolf first love, but that composer scarcely pre­ family concept, Jones Brewing Co. em­ Trap Foundation for the Arts in Virginia, dominated in his seasons at the Oakland ployees nearly 75 people and rolls out administered Western Opera in the early Symphony. He was starting to explore. 150,000 barrels annually. '70s and spotted Simmons' gift even then: There were the Brahms and Beethoven Initially, the company brewed "Underneath all that charm, all that symphonies, of course, the staples of any "Eureka Gold Crown." The name was game-playing, was an artist who was curious subscription season. But the 1982-83 pro­ changed in a move indicative of about everything, one who wanted to put grams would have found him exploring new "Stoney" Jones' feel for people. Immi­ life into whatever he touched," he said. terrain, the symphonies of Bruckner and grants in the area had trouble pro­ Simmons' career moved quickly. He was the operas of Wagner, Mahler never ap­ engaged as Zubin Mehta's assistant conduc­ pealed to him. nouncing the brand name in English tor at the Los Angeles Philharmonic but en­ So many others did. It is wrenching to and, instead, would ask for "one of thused most about his concurrent post, run­ think about the possib111ties. Stoney's beers." The name stuck and ning the Young Musicians Foundation Or­ On the evidence of his torrential perform­ today is the designation of the brew­ chestra. ance of the last season, Simmons might ery's most popular product. September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24543 The founder of "The House of RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED AT THE ANNuAL CON­ THE FAffiCHILD REPUBLIC CO.: Jones" was a man far ahead of his VENTION OF THE UKRAINIAN AMERICAN VET­ HELPING DEFEND AMERICA time in using community involvement ERANS HELD ON JUNE 25, 26, 27, 1982 IN in service and ethnic groups as a tool NEW BRITAIN, CONN. for business. Among his many inter­ With the escalation of the arms race by HON. NORMAN F. LENT ests was the sponsorship of a company the USSR on the one hand and unverifiable OF NEW YORK baseball team that posted wins over hollow proposals of reduction on the other, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES one of the greatest teams of the era, we favor a strong military peace-through­ the Homestead Grays, champions of strength posture to counter the expensive Tuesday, September 21, 1982 and aggressive stance propagated by the the National Negro Baseball League. Soviet Union. • Mr. LENT. Mr. Speaker, earlier this "Stoney" Jones later turned his busi­ We recognize that the Soviet Union and week I addressed my colleagues con­ ness over to his four sons: William Jr., its satellite countries respect strength as cerning the tremendous aerospace and Paul and other organizations who are ments. to take this opportunity to inform my actively engaged in promoting national and Mr. Speaker, on August 11, 1982, the colleagues of a report I have recently human rights in Ukraine and to the en­ Heritage Foundation issued a study received from Edward Zetick, national hancement of the image of Ukainians entitled "Close Air Support and the commander of the Ukrainian Ameri­ through the World Congress of Free Soviet Threat" prepared by Dr. Jef­ can Veterans. In it, Commander Zetick Ukrainians. frey Barlow. It makes clear the need echoes the sentiments held by many We will continue to promote aspirations for additional purchases of Fairchild of us, among them, "the need to pro­ for the freedom of Ukraine and other cap­ Republic's A-10 tank killer because tect our democratic system . . . our tive nations of the world, and urge partici­ "NATO does not have enough of these obligation not only to preserve but to pation in the various Captive Nations Week close air support fighter aircraft to promote the inviolate rights and ideals programs that are being observed during blunt a Warsaw Pact invasion." This guaranteed in our constitution," and the third week of July. report by Dr. Barlow merits the close "the attainment of human rights for To commemorate the 50th anniversary of study of every one of my colleagues Ukraine and all other countries." the artificial famine created by the Soviet government in 1932-33, we encourage every­ concerned with our Nation's defense. These words are his preface to the one to take part in organized programs that Dr. Barlow concludes that the A-10 is resolutions adopted by the Ukrainian will be held in 1983 to remember the 6 to 10 the best close air support aircraft in American Veterans at their annual million Ukrainians who were forcibly NATO's inventory, and can play a convention this past June. I believe, starved to death and to inform the general major role in event of a Soviet inva­ Mr. Speaker, that these resolutions, public of this Ukrainian tragedy.e sion of Europe during the next decade. which I am inserting at this point in In light of recent Air Force ambiva­ the RECORD, quite accurately and lence about continuing purchases of forcefully express the sentiments of the A-10, I encourage my colleagues to Ukrainian Americans and the many give close study to Dr. Barlow's report. other Captive Nation peoples residing I ask that highlights of the report be in our land: included in my remarks at this point. 24544 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 CLOSE AIR SUPPORT AND THE SOVIET THREAT the close air support mission as a decisive Federal criminal justice system. First, DR. JEFF BARLOW, HERITAGE FOUNDATION factor in the land battle. Preferring to con­ it requires that a Federal judge re­ In sum, the A-10 is an extremely capable centrate its efforts on loftier missions, such ceive, before sentencing a convicted close air support aircraft, well-suited as strategic bombardment and deep interdic­ to the vital role of engaging and killing tion, which promise an early end to wars, defendant, information about the Soviet first and second echelon armored ve­ Air Force leaders have slighted those as­ impact of the crime upon the victim. hicles. The problem is that there are not pects of tactical aviation that hearken back The bill also directs the Attorney Gen­ nearly enough aircraft available to NATO, to their Service's earlier subservience to the eral, within 9 months, to formulate which, like the A-10, are dedicated to the Army. and implement guidelines insuring close air support and battlefield air interdic­ The changed Air Force thinking of the that victims and witnesses will be tion missions and can be used in the early 1970s, which owed its rationale to the les­ fairly treated at all stages of the Fed­ stages of a possible Warsaw Pact offensive sons of Vietnam and the emerging reality of to blunt the armored onslaught. the dangers facing NATO's Central Front eral criminal justice process. These The planned size of the force currently and produced service support for the A-10, guidelines are to encompass such mat­ envisioned by the Air Force will see peace­ seems now to be reverting to traditional ters as seeing to it that victims and time attrition decrease before 1987 the channels of thought. At a time when the witnesses receive prompt notification available aircraft below the service's re­ gap between NATO's and the Warsaw Pact's of the scheduling of hearings and duced Required Force Level. Once that deployed military power is growing larger, it trials and that property held for evi­ point is reached, such attrition will begin is vital to maintain sufficient close air sup­ dentiary purposes is returned as eating away at the aircraft in the operation­ port assets to help reduce the disparities in promptly as possible. Victims would al inventory at a gradual rate. The planned the military capability now favoring the So­ procurement level of 825 aircraft called for viets. This can be done only if the leader­ also be informed upon request of the in the Carter FY 1981 Five Year Defense ship of the Air Force reaffirms the essential defendant's release from custody. Program would have kept the A-10 force nature of this long disparaged mission. The purpose of restitution in the above the Required Force Level until 1993, criminal justice system is to restore given the continuance of the present attri­ the victim to the victim's financial tion rate. THE COMPREHENSIVE VICTIM status quo before the offense-to The Air Force's response to this situation AND WITNESS PROTECTION make the victim financially whole. recalls its earlier, pre-Vietnam views of the AND ASSISTANCE ACT OF 1982 value of the CAS mission. Having decided The bill deals with restitution in two that it has enough A-10 aircraft (given the ways. First, and most importantly, the tight budget situation>. commanders have HON. HAMILTON FISH, JR. bill encourges greater use of restitu­ begun looking to the possibility of convert­ OF NEW YORK tion as a criminal penalty by making ing models of the more complex and much IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES restitution a criminal penalty for all faster F-16 and F-15 into true multi-role Tuesday, September 21, 1982 offenses defined in title 18 of the aircraft, by equipping them for the long­ United States Code. Procedures are range interdiction mission. The lure of F- e Mr. FISH. Mr. Speaker, this week, 15E Strike Eagles and F-16Es or XLs seems spelled out for determining in a par­ the chairman of the Judiciary Com­ ticular case whether restitution is an hard for senior Air Force generals to resist. mittee, PETER RODINO, and I Will intro­ Although such aircraft would undoubted­ appropriate penalty and, if so, what ly be capable of handling a variety of air su­ duce the Comprehensive Victim and the amount of the restitution should periority and interdiction missions, they Witness Protection and Assistance Act be. In addition, the bill directs the At­ could not handle the close air support mis­ of 1982. torney General to report to Congress sion nearly so well as could the A-10. For The bill seeks to improve the treat­ within a year on the need for legisla­ example, lethality studies conducted during ment accorded crime victims and wit­ tion to assure that a Federal felon will the Carter Administration, comparing the nesses by the Federal criminal justice A-10 with such aircraft as the A-7 and F-16, not derive profit from books, articles, system. It was developed in consulta­ movies, and the like about the offense. showed that the A-10 achieved almost three tion with victim advocacy groups­ times the armored vehicle kill rate of the A- Mr. Speaker, I am confident that 7 and F-16. And, it should be noted, neither such as the National Organization for this legislation adequately addresses the F-15 nor the F-16 has the level of armor Victim Assistance, the American Bar the deficiencies of the criminal justice protection in the A-10. Of equal import, the Association, and the National Coali­ system with respect to the victim.e CAS and BAI missions will have a more sig­ tion Against Sexual Assault, the nificant impact in the early stages of a American Civil Liberties Union, and short-war-structured, Soviet combined-arms the Justice Department. The provi­ DANGERS TO THE NATO offensive. sions of the bill are similar to those in ALLIANCE CONCLUSION the bill recently passed by the Senate. In the short term, the Air Force should in­ The legislation addresses the con- HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS crease procurement of A-lOs to the 825level cerns of crime victims and witnesses in oF cALIFoRNIA called for in 1980, even at the expense of ad­ three areas; personal Safety, fair treat- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ditional fighter assets. This increase at least ment, and restitution. would provide a stable A-10 force until the Tuesday, September 21, 1982 mid-1990s. Fulfilling requirements for addi­ In the area of personal safety, the tional close air support squadrons or for bill clarifies and strengthens present e Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, on bringing National Guard and Reserve Federal offenses that prohibit the use August 11, 1982, Ms. Regene H. Silver, squadrons up to full strength would necessi­ of force or threats of force in order to of the Women's International League tate increases above this minimum bench­ intimidate or retaliate against victims for Peace and Freedom, testified mark. Over the longer term, however, it is and witnesses. It also deals with har- before the House Defense Appropria­ clear that a new CAS aircraft will be assing conduct that does not involve 1 tions Subcommittee. needed. Precisely because such a new development the use of force or threats. Federal In discussing the efforts to delete project will be very prolonged, if past histo­ courts are authorized to issue, upon 1983 funding for the Pershing II and ry is any judge, the Air Force should imme­ motion of the Federal prosecutor, a cruise missiles, Ms. Silver makes many diately begin increasing its procurement of civil injunction preventing victim or very important remarks which I would A-lOs to ensure an adequate close air sup­ witness harassment. Finally, the bill like to commend to the attention of port force until the mid-1990s. The A-lOA is requires that there be an explicit con- my distinguished colleagues. still the best CAS aircraft in the inventory dition of every release on bail that the The remarks of Ms. Silver follow: and one that can have a major role in the event of a Soviet invasion of Europe during person released not commit a ViCtim Or TEsTIMONY OF REGENE H SILVER WOMEN'S the next decade. WitneSS intimidation Or retaliation Of- INTERNATIONAL LEAGUE• FOR PucE AND From the early days of its existence as a fense. FREEDoM component element of the Army to times as The bill contains two provisions in- Mr. Chairman and members of the com- recent as a decade ago, the U.S. Air Force tended to insure that victims and wit- mittee: The Women's International League has almost continually ignored the value of nesses receive fair treatment by the for Peace and Freedom was founded in 1915. September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24545 The League has sections in 25 countries and Once the Pershing II missiles are sta­ the guinea pigs. For the last ten months, 130 branches in the United States. It works tioned in the Federal Republic of Germany, men, women and children in Great Britain primarily through education and citizen they will be able to reach and destroy Soviet and Sicily have camped out at the proposed action to achieve peace, freedom and justice cities and military· installations within four Cruise missile sites, hoping that their pro­ by non-violent means. It has consultative to six minutes. The Soviets have said that test will make a difference in stopping the status B at the United Nations. We are they will retaliate in kind, placing missiles deployment. To this day, the governments grateful to the House Appropriations Sub­ close enough to out shores to reach our of the Netherlands and Belgium have not committee on Defense for giving us this op­ cities and military installations within the agreed to accept the missiles and Helmut portunity to express our point of view. same exceedingly brief flying time. Does Schmidt's government is in crisis over the We are urging the deletion of fiscal year this imply that we will be faced with an­ '83 funds for the Pershing II and Cruise other Cuban missile crisis? Can we survive deployment of the Cruise and Pershing II missiles, scheduled to be deployed through­ another such missile Crisis? If not on land, on FRG soil. It should also be noted that out Europe beginning in December of 1983. the Soviets could station missiles on subma­ the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the CIA report We believe it is critical that these weapons rines as close to our shores as possible-an that installations in western Europe used are not deployed for the following reasons: equally terrifying thought. for storing American nuclear warheads are First, the deployment of the Pershing II The Cruise missiles, scheduled to be de­ poorly protected, and vulnerable to attacks and Cruise missiles in Europe represents a ployed in Great Britain, the Federal Repub­ by terrorists and anti-nuclear demonstra­ major escalation in the arms race. These lic of Germany, Italy, Belgium and the tors. missiles are part of a new generation of nu­ Netherlands, do not have the speed of the We urge you, as elected representatives of clear weapons whose accuracy and speed in­ Pershing II, but are equally provocative. the People of the United States, to listen to crease the risk of nuclear war. The Cruise hugs the ground as it flies, so your home towns and respond to your con­ Second, there is a growing mass movement low that it cannot be detected by radar. It is stituents. Find out how they feel about mas­ within both the United States and Europe less than 20 feet long, so small tliat it sive budget expenditures on new nuclear to halt the arms race, and specifically the cannot be verified. It is also difficult to tell weapons that are only designed to destroy deployment of the Pershing II and Cruise whether a Cruise missile is earring a nuclear human life. missiles. or conventional warhead. It will make nucle­ Finally, we are arguing against funding Third, there have been a myriad of prob­ ar arms control impossible. lems reported in the production of the Per­ Because of the Pershing II's speed and for the Pershing II and Cruise missiles be­ shing II and Cruise missiles. On July 22, proximity to the Soviet Union, and the cause they appear, from your own Congres­ during its first test run, the Pershing II ex­ Cruise's nondetectability, they are missiles sional reports, to not be the weapons they ploded 17 seconds into its flight. In the last that would eliminate the ability of the are cracked up to be by the companies who year, the General Accounting Office has Soviet Union to retaliate effectively after an are manufacturing them. issued several reports delineating problems attack by the United States and NATO. The initial test of the Pershing II was with the Cruise missile, especially in regard Therefore, it is likely that the Soviets will postponed 3 times, and when it was finally to its TERCOM guidance system, the key to adopt a launch on warning policy. In July of tested last month, in blew up. The Pershing the Cruise's alleged precision. It appears this year, Soviet Defense Minister Dimitri II's estimated total systems cost soared by unuse to continue funds for missiles which Ustinov wrote that "given the modern state over one billion dollars in three months are reported to not work. of the detection systems and the combat time toward the end of last year. Neither At this time, I would like to expand on readiness of the strategic nuclear means of the Army nor Martin-Marietta have offered a The Women's International League be­ to deal a crippling blow against the Socialist full accounting for this huge cost jump. lieves that the deployment of the Pershing countries." Experts are interpreting Ustin­ Problems have also been reported in the II and Cruise missiles in Europe brings us ov's statement to mean that at the earliest Pershing's guidance system and in changing precariously close to nuclear war. With the signs of a United States first strike, the So­ the missile into one which can fly one thou­ deployment of these two new missiles sys­ viets might proceed with a nuclear attack of sand miles as opposed to its predecessor tempting to gain strategic superiority over international tension, crises and local wars, which can only fly one hundred to four the Soviet Union, and to use this superiority it seems suicidal for the United States to hundred miles. The problems with the to frighten the Soviets into arms reductions. deploy new weapon systems that will cause Cruise as reported by the General Account­ If it were possible to do this, the arms race an adversary to adopt a launch-on-warning would have ended 20 years ago when the policy. ing Office include: "Engine problems, it may United States did possess a nuclear arsenal Our second argument against funding the not be able to survive Soviet defenses, it superior to that of the Soviets. However, Cruise and Pershing II missiles is that the cannot effectively attack certain kinds of since the 1950s, the Soviet Union has emu­ people-your constituents-are speaking out targets, and it lacks the guidance system to lated the United States in our escalation of against the arms race in ever-increasing attack most potential targets in certain geo­ the nuclear arms race, and promised to con­ numbers. Never before in the history of the graphical areas." tinue to keep up with us weapon by weapon. United States or Europe has there existed In closing, it seems clear that the deploy­ In September of 1981, Soviet President such a large public outcry to freeze the ment of the Pershing II and Cruise missiles Brezhnev said that the Reagan administra­ arms race. You yourselves have no doubt in Europe will not offer us or the Europeans tion efforts to gain strategic superiority are seen the media's accounting of millions of greater security. Rather, the deployment of doomed to failure, and that the Soviet individuals demonstrating against nuclear these new weapon systems will bring us pre­ Union would produce "a proper counterbal­ armament, both in the United States and in cipitously close to nuclear war. Their de­ ance" to any new weapons system developed Europe. On June 12, over a million and a ployment will not close the supposed by the United States. President Brezhnev half people congregated in New York, San "window of vulnerability", nor deter the So­ stated: "I shall say with all responsibility Francisco, and cities throughout this coun­ viets from producing new nuclear weapons that we shall not remain indifferent to the try, to demand that you, our legislators, cut systems of their own. Instead, the deploy­ appearance of such weapons in the arsenals off funds for nuclear arms and instead fund ment will create greater edginess and dis­ of the United States and other NATO mem­ human needs such as education, housing trust on the part of the Soviet leaders, bers." As of December 1983, if the deploy­ and better health care. Across the United which could lead them to adopt a launch­ ment of the Pershing II and Cruise missiles States, local towns and cities are voting on-warning policy. The Women's Interna­ proceeds as scheduled, the Soviet Union will themselves nuclear free and passing referen­ tional League suggests that the scheduled be faced with counterbalancing two new dums calling for a halt to the arms race. '83 deployment will escalate the arms race weapons systems which will dramatically Labor unions, major church organizations, to an uncontrollable and possibly suicidal alter the global balance of nuclear weapon­ businessmen, physicians and educators have level. ry. now joined with the peace movement in our The Carter and Reagan Administrations efforts toward nuclear disarmament. This is why your constituents in the have justified the deployment of the Per­ In Europe, over the past year, millions of United States, and their allies in Europe, shing II and Cruise missiles as a means of people have demonstrated in every major are calling for a freeze on the production countering Soviet SS 20 intermediate-range city on the continent. They are demonstrat­ and deployment of nuclear weapons. We missiles. However, NATO already has thou­ ing specifically against the Pershing II and urge you to listen to them. We urge you to sands of nuclear weapons in Europe, both Cruise, for they fear that these missiles fully scrutinize the Pershing II and Cruise tactical and intermediate-range, which are signal the possibility of a limited nuclear missile programs, and to delete funds imme­ designed to deter possible conventional or war fought in Europe between the United diately for these new weapon systems. nuclear attack by the Soviet Union. States and the USSR, in which they will be Thank you.e 24546 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 CHESTER KOCH-GREAT These excerpts from the Plain to top it off, the team didn't even have its AMERICAN PATRIOT Dealer article show how the visionary own court. man of 90 with such a strong sense of So Davis hauled his players across Geor­ purpose realized the importance of an­ gia Avenue to the Banneker Recreation HON. RONALD M. MOTIL Center every day where they tried to hone OF OHIO swering the Nation's call to arms, no matter how much dissent and adversi­ their backhands within the 45-minute prac­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ticing limit set by the D.C. Department of ty is faced. Doctors have verified what Recreation. As the Howard players prac­ Tuesday, September 21, 1982 Koch knew all along-lack of rein­ ticed, area residents would stand anxiously e Mr. MOTTL. Mr. Speaker, World forcement from society for Vietnam on the sidelines, itching for their turn on War I veteran Chester Koch has spent veterans made readjustment to civilian the community courts. over 40 years rallying Americans to life more difficult. "By the time we have to get off, we We should all share in the vision haven't even broken a sweat," said Davis, embrace their patriotic ideals and obli­ whose team, which ideally should practice gations. At age 90, his body flamed by possessed by Koch and other true pa­ three hours daily, still has to use public a heart full of devotion to his country, triots and show the proper respect for courts. "We might get one today and three Koch continues his march in service to the fighting men who put their lives tomorrow, but we make the best of what the Nation. on the line for all of us. time we get." I read a report on my friend Chester For Koch, every day is Veterans' Those previous few hours of practice, plus in the Cleveland Plain Dealer which Day. I wish to offer my own personal running four miles daily, lifting weights and gives some insight to the driving spirit thanks and the appreciation of the "hitting a million tennis balls," added up to 23rd District to this great man who winning seasons and post-season champion­ of the man. Following are some ex­ ships in the Capital Collegiate and Mideast­ cerpts: helps us keep our priorities in order. ern Athletic conferences for the Howard "If you love a parade, you"ll get into Without persons like him, we are team during the past two years. For Davis, any parade you can," said Koch, lost.e it meant a Middle Atlantic regional coach­ Cleveland's coordinator of patriotic af­ of-the-year award this year, bestowed by the U.S. Professional Tennis Association, a na­ fairs since 1941. When a kidney oper­ EDDIE DAVIS, MID-ATLANTIC ation forced him to miss Cleveland's tional organization of tennis teachers. COACH OF THE YEAR It was an unlikely laurel for someone who 1954 Memorial Day parade-his first used to think of tennis as a "sissy sport." absence from that event since World That was back in the mid-1960s, when War 1-he directed it by phone from HON. JOHN CONYERS Davis was a high school football player at his hospital bed. OF MICHIGAN Cardinal Cushing Academy in Newburyport, Koch began his "mission in life" one IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mass. "Tennis used to draw guys who couldn't make it in another sport," said dreary winter day early in 1941 when, Tuesday, September 21, 1982 on his lunch break from his clerking Davis, whose muscular frame proves he was job in the city's water department, he e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I have no athletic reject. "But I picked it up as saw a group of dispirited men walking known Eddie Davis for over 10 years something new, hacked around with it until and watched his progression toward I started getting really good at it." toward the train terminal. Davis graduated from the academy in "The thought struck me that they becoming the Middle Atlantic Coach 1967, attended Morgan State College in Bal­ were going away to fight for their of the Year. This award was recently timore and graduated from Federal City country and there was nothing set up bestowed upon him by the U.S. Profes­ College in 1973. He later taught science at to show our What started out in the 1960s as a The conference was coordinated by can taxpayer. way of subsidizing civil rights cases has ex­ the Washington-based Columbia Insti­ Mr. Speaker, right now, at least 124 panded to include the environment and tute for Political Research and at­ Federal laws provide for the award of "consumer protection." Moreover, the feder­ tracted a large audience that included al government isn't the only one that has to State and local government officials, attorney's fees. Fourteen major envi­ pay; under some federal legislation, state ronmental laws, for example, allow the and local governments are also liable to pick representatives from labor and indus­ courts to award such attorney's fees up the legal tabs of plaintiffs, which can try, community leaders, educators, and "whenever the court determines that run into the millions of dollars. students. such award is appropriate." Some Fed­ The program has turned into quite a A principal focus of the conference eral courts have construed this overly gravy train for lawyers. The Carter adminis­ was on California and steps that must broad language as permitting the tration seemed particularly pleased to pay be taken to assure adequate-and af­ its favorite "public interest" groups espe­ fordable-energy supplies in the award of attorney's fees even if the at­ cially high legal fees. Early last year, a host torney's in question were not on the of groups organized the Alliance for Justice future. This need is particularly com­ prevailing side of the case. And the to help devise better ways of getting the pelling in California where energy fees awarded have often been gener­ taxpayers to underwrite their operations. costs are among the highest in the ous, frequently in excess of $100 per One Washington firm, headed by two Nation. At the present time, 64 per­ hour. former Justice Department attorneys, has cent of the electricity in the State is There is a rationale, and a good one advertised its particular expertise in win­ generated by expensive gas and oil. I might add, for awarding attorney's ning large awards from the government; in Future planning must include the de­ fees where the Government has one case, it got a $90,000 award for the Envi­ velopment of lower costs alternatives ronmental Defense Fund, amounting to that are less susceptible to a supply brought an action against a party and $109 per hour. has lost the case; fairness to the suc­ The Reagan administration wants to cut disruption. cessful defendent suggests he should off this dole. It has proposed legislation to Among the principal conference not have to suffer the attorney's fees limit awards to only those parties that speakers was the Honorable Guy W. 24548 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 Fiske, who has recently been con­ The first step taken by President Reagan So the Department of Commerce is suited firmed as Deputy Secretary of the was to remove price and allocation controls for these new energy responsibilities. U.S. Department of Commerce. Mr. on oil. Three other elements to the Administra­ Fiske presented a clear and timely de­ You may recall the warnings issued by the tion's energy policy should be mentioned. proponents of regulation when the Presi­ First, nuclear energy. scription of the underlying principles dent took that decontrol action. The price President Reagan's nuclear policy under­ and goals of the Reagan energy policy of oil would go sky-high, they said and pro­ scores his commitment to the restoration of and a summary of the accomplish­ duction would not increase. The consumer nuclear power as an energy option for this ments of the past 18 months. In order would pay too much, and the oil companies country. to share this information with my col­ would enjoy excessive profits. The President asked the Department of leagues, I include, as a part of my re­ Well, production has been up, prices have Energy to work with the Nuclear Regula­ marks, the text of Mr. Fiske's address: been down, and competition in the oil indus­ tory Commission to recommend improve­ try has been intense. ments in the regulatory and licensing proc­ ADDRESS OF THE HONORABLE GUY W. FISKE The decontrol of oil was merely the open­ ess. These recommendations are near com­ Good Morning. It is a pleasure to be here ing action in a cohesive energy approach. pletion; with you today. I have been asked to speak A second action has been the proposed im­ The Administration wants to speed up on the Reagan Administration's Energy provements to the government's manage­ construction of the Clinch River Breeder Policy. As you know, I recently left the De­ ment of its energy functions. The key ra­ Reactor. After four years of delay we need partment of Energy to become the Deputy tionale of this reorganization is to integrate to regain the world position the United Secretary of Commerce. I like it so much at energy policy with overall economic policy. States once had in breeder reactor technolo­ Commerce that I've invited the rest of my How better to achieve this than by shift­ gy; former colleagues at Energy to come over ing certain Department of Energy functions President Reagan asked DOE to study and join me! to the Commerce Department? ways of encouraging private sector reproc­ That refers, of course, to the Administra­ The Department of Commerce will essing. It was discouraged by the last admin­ tion's proposal to merge the essential func­ assume responsibility for: istration, and the utilities need this capabil­ tions of the Department of Energy into the First, longer-term energy research for ity; and Department of Commerce. In essence, tha.t which private sector incentives are insuffi­ We are working closely with industry and proposal is symbolic of everything the Ad­ cient assure needed investment; the states to develop safe disposal of high­ ministration believes about energy policy. Second, the nuclear weapons program in­ level nuclear waste. We also expect a nucle­ I'd like to begin this morning by consider­ cluding weapons research, development, ar waste bill to be enacted by Congress. ing energy policy against the developments testing, production and surveillance, and The second area I would mention is natu­ immediately preceeding this Administra­ the production of special nuclear materials; ral gas. tion. Third, energy emergency preparedness in­ Our natural gas market studies show that By the time President Reagan took office, cluding analysis and review of energy policy the real economic and social danger lies in energy policy had evolved into a complex issues related to long-term global supply, prolonging controls. If we do not repair the system of incentives and regulatory con­ emergency and contingency planning for Natural Gas Policy Act in the near future, straints. Their purpose was for the Federal supply disruptions, and responsibility for the price of the 50-60 percent natural gas Government to manage most aspects of our strategic and naval petroleum reserves; that will be decontrolled on January 1, 1985, National system of energy production, deliv­ Fourth, international energy responsibil­ will rise quickly from the equivalent of $16 ery and use. ities including U.S. representation in inter­ per barrel to a much higher level. The government sought to create whole national programs, negotiations of bilateral The market will experience distortions. new energy industries, to control the old agreements, and DOE's nuclear nonprolif­ Those customers who retain access to natu­ ones, and to direct the manner of energy eration responsibilities; and ral gas that remains under the price con­ Fifth, the development of energy policy trols will have an unfair advantage over conservation. and the collection, analysis and dissemina­ those dependent on high-priced gas. Nor What did we learn from this experience? tion of energy data to assist public and pri­ will continued subsidy of natural gas users First, energy cannot be viewed as a special vate decisionmakers. through extension of price controls help case divorced from overall economic policy. Now, one might ask, "Why the Commerce matters. These subsidies are a disincentive Rather, the long-term solutions we seek for Department?" to exploration. on well completions, for ex­ meeting energy needs must be developed in First, the basic premise of this reorganiza­ ample, are up 40 percent since decontrol. tandem with efforts to respond to broad tion is a reliance on the dynamics of the Gas well completions are up only 6 percent economic trends and international trade market place. This means that the agency as gas remains under controls. patterns. responsible for energy must have a thor­ The President wants government out of Second, the marketplace will give us the ough understanding of how different sectors regulating the price of natural gas. Next most efficient mix of energy production and of the marketplace interact with each other. year he will ask Congress for gas decontrol. consumption. This is so, even during occa­ Sound energy emergency planning, for ex­ His decontrol schedule will provide a sional periods of energy supply imbalance. ample, requires a detailed understanding of smooth transition to the free market. We learned that prudent planning will be the economy's resilience when faced with The third Administration energy action I discouraged if the public is led to believe supply disruptions. This means an under­ want to mention, is the current study of the that the government will always guarantee standing of the economy as a whole, and as­ electric power industry. The Cabinet Coun­ low-priced energy. sessment of the various industries within it. cil on Energy and Natural Gas is looking at Third, we've learned that the best way the Commerce has this knowledge. the major issues confronting this industry. Federal government can achieve an orderly Second, energy-related industries are Our chief concerns are: supply sufficiency market environment is by removing regula­ rapid growth industries, and there is vast and economic efficiency. tory obstacles, whenever this would not en­ potential for increasing our exports of This task force has both a program to danger public health and safety. We learned energy-related equipment and products. analyze the needs and problems and an out­ that controlled prices at a time of energy That, of course, means trade . . . the heart reach program to work with the states. We shortage, increase the demand for oil. This, of the Commerce Department. have no desire to preempt state responsibil­ in tum, leads to more shortages, to a bu­ Third, the transfer reflects the President's ities, so the states are fully included in this reaucratic gaggle of entitlements, to govern­ view that the department which represents review. ment decisionmaking on priorities, to dis­ the business sector should play a greater The task force report, which is due in No­ torted patterns of disruption, and to re­ role in shaping national and international vember, will provide a comprehensive look duced incentives for the private sector to de­ economic policy. at the needs . . . and it will make recom­ velop new energy forms and technologies. In past years, Commerce's main role was mendations as to what the Federal Govern­ Fourth, we learned that the system of to provide statistical and technical informa­ ment's role should or should not be. conservation grants and regulations adopted tion. Today, we are doing that and much One energy initiative I'm vitally interest­ was largely irrelevant. Studies show that more. We have assumed new trade responsi­ ed in is the Heber Project. This is a large I: only 5 percent of the conservation achieved bilities. We are the Executive Branch focal scale test of the potential of a geo-thermal since the 1973 Arab oil embargo is due to point for industry policy. We are represent- binary 50 megawatt electric power plant. government conservation efforts. ed on every important Cabinet council . . . Some of you here today are involved with It's against this background President Secretary Baldrige is Chariman of the Cabi­ this project. Reagan proposed a national energy ap­ net Council on Commerce and Trade. Com­ The Administration is supporting comple­ proach that relies on the dynamics of the merce today is the focal point of business in tion of this project, and we look forward to marketplace. the Federal Government. its completion within the next few years.

I September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24549 The Heber Project will verify the possibili­ The cost of energy has been put on a more a home video recording debate be­ ty of producing economically competitive realistic basis. The economy is being put on tween Jack Valenti and Charlie Ferris, electricity from geo-thermal sources. Mter sound footing. and a national high school arts compe­ that, the electric power industry will be able There are tough times ahead to make the to choose whether geo-thermal is a practical structural changes America needs. But our tition with the winning pieces of art source. chances for success have vastly improved in displayed in the Cannon tunnel. All of Let me sum up a few of the energy-related the last 17 months. us will be reminded each day we travel highlights of the past 17 months; they are: We're on a new road to the future, and I through this art gallery tunnel in days Oil has been decontrolled; think there are some exciting times ahead. of inclement weather of Mr. Rich­ We saw the results of conservation take Thank you.e mond's tremendous contribution in in­ hold, with oil imports reaching an eleven­ spiring talented high school students. year low; FISCAL YEAR 1983 TRANSPORTA- Perhaps this will help him through his The share of non-OPEC oil has increased; stormy present. The caucus owes Domestic drilling and seismic activity have TION APPROPRIATIONS-EX- been substantially increased; PLANATION OF VOTES much of its success to the fine efforts We saw an accelerated opening of the of Mr. Richmond. outer continental shelf and of public lands; HON. ROBERT W. DAVIS The torch has now been passed on to a new chairman. Mr. DowNEY has ex­ 336,000 barrels of oil a day have been OF MICHIGAN added to the strategic petroleum reserve. pressed his desire to carry on the work There are now some 265 million barrels of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of Mr. Richmond, and has ideas of his oil in the reserve; Tuesday, September 21, 1982 own that he will implement. 1.1 million manhours of paperwork re­ • Mr. DAVIS. Mr. Speaker, because of As one of the younger Members of quirements and over 200 energy-related reg­ a doctor's appointment earlier today, I the House of Representatives, I know ulations have been eliminated; that he will bring boundless energy Federal spending on energy is nearly eight was forced to miss three recorded billion dollars under the previous Adminis­ votes on the fiscal year 1983 Transpor­ and enthusiasm to the chairmanship. tration's budget proposals; tation Appropriations bill, H.R. 7019. Mr. DoWNEY has a close relationship Responsibility for energy commercializa­ Had I been present, I would have with many leaders in the arts world, tion projects has been shifted to the private voted for final passage of the bill and and brings a thorough knowledge of sector. Government has restricted its R&D against the Coughlin and Obey current arts legislation and issues to efforts to long-term, high-risk research; and amendments which proposed cuts in the position. The President proposed and Congress transportation funding. As a strong It is with great pleasure that I look passed a new tax law which should help in­ supporter of our Coast Guard, rural forward to working with Mr. DoWNEY, dustry and also make more capital available and on behalf of the membership of for energy development, and the President transportation programs, and the sec­ proposed improvements in Federal energy tion 406 airline subsidy program, I be­ the Congressional Arts Caucus, I con­ management. lieve the funding levels proposed by gratulate him and wish him the best All of what we've been discussing will be the Appropriations Committee repre­ of luck.e influenced by the Administration's basic sent a balanced, reasonable approach program of restoring the economy to non­ to providing for our transportation inflationary growth. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND needs while maintaining fiscal re­ EDUCATION Whatever problems remain, consider the straint. I commend the committee for progress that has been made. the attention and support it has pro­ Remember 1980 and 18 percent inflation? vided these vital programs.e HON. BOB UVINGSTON The first four months of 1982 inflation ran OF LOUISIANA at llh percent. I expect it to be around 6 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES percent for the year. CONGRESSIONAL ARTS CAUCUS' Due to the 1981 tax program business NEW Tuesday, September 21, 1982 cash flow in 1982 will increase $10 billion! CHAIRMAN That's $10 billion the credit markets won't e Mr. LIVINGSTON. Mr. Speaker, have to supply. HON. JAMES M. JEFFORDS since I became a representative of Growth in government regulation has OF VERMONT Louisiana and the First Congressional been chopped 25 percent. That saves busi­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES District of this great State, a chief ness $2 billion in operating costs, and nearly concern of mine has been to assure the $5 billion in initial capital costs!! Tuesday, September 21, 1982 proper role of the Federal Govern­ The rate of government spending has e Mr. JEFFORDS. Mr. Chairman, as ment in the education of our citizens fallen from 15 to 7 percent-a 50 percent vice chairman of the Congressional young and old alike. As a member of drop in less than two years. These are significant developments with Arts Caucus I am pleased to announce the House Appropriations Subcommit­ long-term implications. the election of Mr. ToM DOWNEY of tee on Labor, Health and Human Ser­ All of us in the Administration are ex­ New York as our new chairman. Mr. vices a.nd Education, I have been for­ tremely sensitive to the pain that has ac­ DoWNEY will fill the vacancy caused tunate to work closely on many impor­ companied these gains. Unemployment, idle by the resignation of Mr. Fred Rich­ tant education issues and programs. In capacity, bankruptcies. These concern mond from the House of Representa­ addition, I have been able to draw anyone who wanU. to see the full potential tives. upon the expertise of many education of our Nation used. Mr. Richmond was the founding professionals and administrators on all But the economic indicators are beginning member of the Congressional Arts levels throughout the State and the to bear out what we've been saying all along . . . that the second half of the year will see Caucus. Back in December of 1980, he First District. One of these profession­ the recession end and a gradual upturn take saw that there was a need to educate als, Dr. Rawlein B. Soberano, is direc­ place. Purchasing power is up, real wages Members of Congress and the public tor of continuing education at Our are rising, both personal income and retail on legislation and issues affecting the Lady of Holy Cross College in New Or­ sales rose in May, and preliminary data arts. As a result, he started in his per­ leans. Recently Dr. Soberano was show that real GNP will be up slightly in sonal office what is now known as the elected by his colleagues as chairman the current quarter. Congressional Arts Caucus. of the National Advisory Council on The encouraging fact is that the recovery At this point in time, the Arts Adult Education. I have had the pleas­ we'll see in the coming months will be a real Caucus has 164 members. Due largely recovery based on sound market forces ... ure to read a position paper Dr. Sober­ not a bogus one force-fed by government to Mr. Richmond's tremendous enthu­ ano used as his platform. At a time spending and speeded by inflation. siasm and energy within the organiza­ when we face tough decisions on all In closing, I'd say we're at a critical turn­ tion, the caucus has sponsored lunch fronts to cut the budget and reduce ing point in America, with both the econo­ meetings with celebrities such as the deficit, I believe Dr. Soberano's my and energy. Charlton Heston and Jean Stapleton, message is very impm:tant for every 24550 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 Member who is concerned about the reduced payrolls i.."l semiskilled and un­ A THOUGHT-PROVOKING Federal Government's role in educa­ skilled jobs. These statistics do not PROPOSAL tion. even delve into the correlation be­ THE GOVERNMENT'S ROLE TOWARD ADULT BASIC tween crime and illiteracy. HON. DAVID DREIER EDUCATION In everyday living, illiteracy brings Illiteracy is a social cancer that OF CALIFORNIA with it many other related headaches IN THE HOUS.E OF REPRESENTATIVES should have no place in the United and heartaches. Modern medicine, States. Our main concern, as members Tuesday, September 21, 1982 of NACAE, is how to combat or lessen food, and equipment that can prevent the crippling consequences of illiter­ many diseases are not used by many • Mr. DREIER. Mr. Speaker, one of acy in this complex society, to en­ Americans because of their inability to the major concerns of the people of hance not only functionality, but also read. Persons who cannot read news­ my district has been, and continues to to promote productivity and self-re­ papers, magazines, or books are com­ be, high interest rates. While we have spect as well as to remove humiliating pletely cut off from written communi­ seen a steady decline in these rates for dependence on Government handouts. cation in society. An illiterate wife and the past several months, it is clear Literacy has been one of the major mother has a very difficult time be­ that interest rates will have to come concerns of this country in the last cause she cannot read price signs, can down several more points before our 100 years. This concern was first mani­ labels, cookbooks, or baby formula di­ economy can once again thrive. fested when, in the census of 1870, it rections. Adults who lack the ability to Of course, many proposals have been was made clear that some people inter­ use basic communication skills cannot offered in an attempt to lower these viewed were unable to show reading participate in our system of govern­ outrageous rates. The consensus in my and/or writing skills. This problem ment. district is that we have simply got to was made apparent during World War cut down on Government spending. II when 600,000 were rejected from The current political mood in the For too many years now, the Federal military service because of their inabil­ United States is toward limiting the Government has been crowding out ity to read or write. The Korean con­ role of government at all levels. How­ the private borrower in the capital flict saw 300,000 rejected for the same ever, this is one area of social concern market. Until we reduce the deficit, reason. This is a national problem that the Government cannot afford to this will continue to occur and interest plagues the whole Nation with a low leave to the States. The illiterates/ rates will remain high. of 1.9 percent of its population in Iowa functional illiterates, many of whom One thought-provoking proposal for to a high of 13.1 percent in Louisiana. come from the ranks of the poor, mi­ dealing with these high rates was out­ This problem is a threat to our sta­ norities, and culturally disadvantaged, lined in an August editorial in News­ bility as a nation because it erodes pro­ have no one to lobby for their inter­ week magazine by Chrysler Chairman ductivity and endangers technological ests. Their interests, because of their Lee Iacocca. I must say that this arti­ growth. As such, illiteracy is both a se­ growing number, are closely tied to cle generated scores of letters from rious problem to the Nation and a de­ the general welfare of this country. If constituents who believe that Ameri­ bilitating handicap to the individual. they are denied this opportunity of ca's economic health is far too impor­ This problem is further aggravated by basic education by their own Govern­ tant to be held hostage to partisan the level of scientific advancement ment, they will be displaced in their politics. For the benefit of those who which makes illiteracy more severe own Nation. These economic consider­ have not had the opportunity to read when compared to a decade or two this editorial, I am taking this oppor­ ations, while important, are not as cru­ tunity to have it reprinted in the ago. One of the reasons for today's cial as humanitarian concerns. A high unemployment can be traced to nation that calls itself civilized must RECORD. many adults' inability to complete job do everything it can to eliminate [From Newsweek, Aug. 16, 19821 applications, learn new skills from human misery which is the result of How To CUT INTEREsT RATES written materials, or read employment want ads in the newspaper. It is a well­ poverty, v;!!ich in turn is a necessary byproduct of functional illiteracy. We are fast approaching the third anni­ known fact that businesses are reluc­ versary of that day of infamy-Oct. 6, tant to hire individuals who are func­ Uprooting illiteracy is not a question 1979-when Paul Volcker and the Federal tionally illiterate, even for unskilled of more money, but of better use of Reserve Board let the prime rate float. The jobs. the money already allocated. With an tidal wave of economic destruction set off It would seem reasonable to assume approved budget of $770 billion for by that decision has been awesome. that society should provide enough 1983, it includes approximately $325 First it hit Detroit, setting off the longest jobs so that able-bodied people would billion in direct social aid payments to car-sales depression in 50 years. Then it hit the housing industry, collapsing that be able to receive employment. This is individuals. If 20 percent of our citi­ market. Now it's swamping everybody. And a critical problem in the United States. zens are truly needy, either because almost everybody has begun to see that the The question is whether the Govern­ they are illiterate, functionally illiter­ Fed has to be tamed and the deficit cut. ment should turn its back from these ate, culturally disadvantaged, linguisti­ Where have they all been? The economy illiterates, leave them to a hopeless cally handicapped or marginally em­ has been sputtering like a wet fuse since future and see unemployment rise fur­ ployed, this shows that the Govern­ 1979. ther, or make adult literacy one of its ment can send each of them, by elimi­ Before then the United States had seen national priorities by doing everything prime interest rates as high as 12 percent nating the nonneedy, a check for only once-during the Civil War. In 1979 the realistically possible and feasible to ac­ $7,175-$28,700 for a family of four. rate shot up over 20 percent and since then complish this goal. Commonsense tells An amount of $325 billion is more has not been as "low" as 15 percent until us that in the long run, unemploy­ than adequate to meet the minimum last week. ment is the more expensive of the two needs of our needy people, but prior­ But not only are the interest rates too options. The involuntary idleness of 10 high, they are too volatile. Since the Fed de­ million Americans requires taxpayers' ities have to be set on the national cided to let the rate float, the prime rate subsidy of over $40 billion a year in level. Bloated Federal welfare bu­ has changed 80 times! That's once every 14 unemployment compensation, welfare reaucracies that have grown to such days! Like a yo-yo on a short string, the payments, food stamps, subsidized size under Reagan's predecessors­ prime has been Jerked around so many that they absorb most of the money times that no one can plan for the future. housing, and other benefits. Moreover, Twelve thousand businesses have gone the economy loses about $16 billion a that should go to the truly needy­ belly up this year-the worst rate of failure year for every million out of work, not have to be trimmed. In the end, a liter­ since 1933. In June we had a business failure to mention tax revenues lost through ate America is a strong America.e every 20 minutes around the clock. There

. September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24551 have been 140,000 homes foreclosed in the the world spot price for crude oil. Add an­ lion. Of this amount, $8.9 million may first quarter of 1982, the highest number other 15 cents to the tax on gas at the pump be collected from determinations of since they began keeping records. The steel and you get another $15 billion. fraud, and $1.5 million may be saved industry is operating at 43 percent of capac­ Add all these measures together and you ity. get $60 billion. You cut the federal deficit to from a reduction in caseload. The worst of this interest-rate madness is half. The prime rate comes down by 4 points I have urged disclosure of assets for the human pain it is causing. Officially, 10.8 overnight. You begin to sell cars, houses, several years, beginning in 1977. million people-9.8 percent of the work steel and lumber-the things that keep this when-as a member of the Agriculture force-are now unemployed. That's the larg­ country going and people working. Committee-! offered an amendment est number since 1938 and the highest rate TRAGEDIES providing for disclosure of financial re­ since 1941! Let's stop the talk that we're hearing sources held singly or in joint owner­ FRUSTRATED from Washington that maybe a couple of ship by food stamp recipients. This But the official government numbers big bankruptcies would be good for the legislation represents a comprehensive don't include the 1.5 million people who country. Big bankruptcies lead to big trage­ approach to that initial concept, in have stopped looking for jobs, nor the 6 mil­ dies for little people. Instead let's hear that it requires crossmatches in con­ lion who are employed in part-time work. Washington talk about jobs for people and a That's 18 million people who are angry, des­ working economy for the nation. That's nection with a full range of public ben­ perate and frustrated. And they are scaring where America's strength is. efits. I urge its speedy consideration another 18 million who think they'll be In June, at budget-writing time, the Con­ and passage by this Chamber.e fired next. People that insecure don't make gress and the administration had the purchases that create jobs. chance to cut the deficit and send a clear Part of the problem is the premium we signal to the money markets of America THE lOTH ANNIVERSARY OF are paying for uncertainty-that's the dif­ that they were serious about lowering inter­ THE KAISER-GEORGETOWN ference between the prime rate and the in­ est rates. They failed. COMMUNITY HEALTH PLAN flation rate. It used to be that the prime In September, at appropriations time, rate was 2 to 4 points higher than the infla­ they will have one last chance to send that tion rate. Now it's 8 to 12 points higher. signal. Time is running out. The economy HON. MICHAEL D. BARNES As a result, a lot of people are diverting a has two wheels over the cliff. I hope all OF MARYLAND lot of money into short-term securities. On Americans will write their president, their IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES top of that, the federal government will use senators and their representatives to tell Tuesday, September 21, 1982 up 56 percent of all the credit available to them to stop this economic nonsense and finance its deficit. get interest rates down to where consenting e Mr. BARNES. Mr. Speaker, this But guess what! Those guys who have di­ adults can engage in commerce again. year marks the lOth anniversary of verted all that credit upstream have not cre­ Americans can get their leaders to make the Kaiser-Georgetown Community ated one additional job! They're all making the system work again. We have done it in Health Plan, a noteworthy occasion money on money. And those of us who do every crisis America has ever faced. And we for thousands of residents of Mary­ create jobs, who do make investments in can do it now.e productivity and who want to expand and land, Virginia, and the District of Co­ pay taxes, end up downstream waiting for a lumbia. few measly drops of credit to get through so IN THE PUBLIC BENEFIT The Kaiser-Georgetown Community we can put a few people back to work. Health Plan, in association with the Well, back in the Old West when some­ Capital Area Permanente Medical body upstream diverted all the water away, HON. MARGARET M. HECKLER OF MASSACHUSETTS Group, provides and arranges health the guys downstream got together and care services to approximately 75,000 formed a posse. They rode upstream and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people. Kaiser-Georgetown is a region had a little showdown with the people who Tuesday, September 21, 1982 were taking all the water. I'm not advocat­ of the Kaiser-Permanente medical ing violence. But something has got to give! • Mrs. HECKLER. Mr. Speaker, today care program, the Nation's largest You can't have a supply-side fiscal policy I introduced the Public Benefits Eligi­ nongovernmental prepaid group prac­ and a demand-side monetary policy at the bility Verification Act of 1982. This tice health care delivery system. same time. It just won't work. Part of the measure mandates that all States con­ Kaiser-Permanente provides and ar­ problem is that the Fed, which decides our duct crossmatches of applicant and re­ ranges health care services for 4 mil­ monetary policy, is accountable to nobody. Paul Volcker has become a central banker cipient social security numbers against lion people nationwide. who is usurping the power of the command­ records of wages, deposits, and ac­ In August 1980, the Kaiser-Perman­ er in chief. That's got to change. Every­ counts in financial institutions, and ente medical care program acquired body-the administration, the Federal Re­ other public records, in connection the Georgetown University Communi­ serve and the Congress-has got to get on with any public benefit or subsidy pro­ ty Health Plan, which had been in op­ one team and carry out one game plan. gram administered by any State using eration since 1972. The health plan The administration says that all of these Federal funds. This legislation also au­ was renamed the Kaiser-Georgetown problems are the result of 40 years of profli­ Community Health Plan, and since ac­ gate spending by the Democrats. But for 17 thorizes-at State option-interstate of those 40 years, the Republicans ran the crossmatching of such records. quisition has grown to 75,000 from a executive branch and all its agencies. So Prompt enactment of this bill is membership of 52,000. Members are let's admit that it was a bipartisan screw-up. needed because ineligible individuals served at locations in Gaithersburg Let's forget about finding scapegoats and and families are collecting a variety of and Kensington, Md.; Reston and develop a bipartisan plan to save America. public assistance benefits in various Springfield, Va.; and Northeast Dis­ What needs to be done is simple. We have States, and States with crossmatching trict of Columbia. A new medical facil­ to bring down interest rates-and fast. And systems have demonstrated that such ity will open this fall in Landover, Md. there is one good way to do that: cut the systems are effective in discovering Kaiser-Georgetown Community federal deficit in half and get the govern­ ment out of the money market. That will fraud. Extending such crossmatching Health Plan's anniversary marks the show the money brokers that our govern­ to an interstate basis would signifi­ maturity of a health care delivery pro­ ment is serious about fiscal reform. cantly add to such discovery, thereby gram founded as a cost-effective and But how do you cut the deficit in half? saving State and Federal dollars that efficient alternative to traditional de­ You take 5 percent out of the defense can be directed to truly deserving re­ livery modes. Here in the Nation's budget and 5 percent out of social programs. cipients. Capital, the Kaiser-Georgetown Com­ That saves $15 billion out of the hide of the In Massachusetts alone, a limited munity Health Plan is a successful ex­ administration and a matching $15 billion sampling has turned up 3,345 cases of ample of prepaid group practice, also out of the hide of the Democrats. At the same time, let's recommit ourselves public assistance recipients who have referred to as a type of health mainte­ to energy independence. Raise $15 billion assets in excess of the allowable limits. nance organization . The pre­ with a surtax on imported oil that equals It is estimated that the total amount paid group practice concept has long the difference between the OPEC price and of such undisclosed assets is $25 mil- been recognized by medical economists 24552 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 and health policy experts for its abili­ MAJOR FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLAYS BY STATE, 1 FISCAL ing materials to allow their valuable ty to control costs, while providing YEAR 1980-Continued input in any factfinding endeavor in­ quality health care. The concept was volving the Nuclear Regulatory Com­ given formal endorsement with the Total distributed Per capita mission. passage of the Health Maintenance Since the incident at Three Mile State Amount Per- Organization Act of 1973 by the Con­ (mi~ cent State Island, much of the public, and espe­ rank gress. lions) t~al cially those living near nuclear power Mr. Speaker, on this significant oc­ facilities, has become apprehensive casion I urge you and all of my col­ West Virginia ...... 3,896 .7 36 1,998 37 about the safe use of nuclear power. leagues to join me in commending the WISCO!lsin ...... 7,557 1.4 24 1,606 51 Wyoming ...... •...... 1,026 .2 50 2,179 27 An Office of the Consumer Advocate Kaiser-Georgetown Community District of Columbia ...... 16,073 3.0 10 25,207 1 would contribute greatly to the per­ Health Plan for a decade of communi­ ception of our citizens that their 1 Excludes outlays for indirect Federal supPOrt, including interest on the ty service providing quality health public debt, which do not necessarily have an impact in the State receiving the safety is of concern to the Federal care to the citizens of Maryland, Vir­ funds initially. Government and to the Nuclear Regu­ ginia, and the District of Columbia.e Source: Community Services Administration latory Commission. This should be the Source: "Facts and Figures on Government Finance," Tax Foundation, Inc., 198l.e first consideration in the operation of STATE PER CAPITA RECEIPT OF any nuclear power facility. FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLAYS Accordingly, I urge my colleagues to CONSUMER ADVOCATE FOR NRC become cosponsors of House Resolu­ tion 589, and ask that the full text of HON. THOMAS E. PETRI the resolution be printed in the OF WISCONSIN HON. BENJAMIN A. GILMAN RECORD at this point. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF NEW YORK H. RES. 589 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, September 21, 1982 Resolution expressing the sense of the e Mr. PETRI. Mr. Speaker, I would Tuesday, September 21, 1982 House of Representatives that an Office like to insert in the RECORD a table • Mr. GILMAN. Mr. Speaker, On of the Consumer Advocate be established compiled by the Tax Foundation Thursday, September 16, 1982, I intro­ within the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ showing the per capita receipt of Fed­ duced on behalf of myself and my dis­ sion eral budget outlays by State. The tinguished colleague, Mr. FisH, House Whereas the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ table shows that my own State of Wis­ Resolution 589, calling for the cre­ sion is responsible for the licensing and reg­ consin ranks dead last among the 50 ulation of nuclear power facilities in the ation of an Office of the Consumer United States and is responsible for promul­ States and the District of Columbia. Advocate in the Nuclear Regulatory gating rules and regulations and making de­ Commission. Citizens in my district cisions which vitally affect the public MAJOR FEDERAL BUDGET OUTLAYS BY STATE, 1 FISCAL live near the Indian Point nuclear fa­ health and safety; YEAR 1980 cility in Buchannan, N.Y. Hearings Whereas private citizens have a vested in­ had been underway for a number of terest in assuring that nonmilitary nuclear Total distributed Per capita weeks on the safety of the Indian power is utilized in the most efficient and safe way possible; Per- Point facility until recently when the State Amount Whereas this goal should be one shared (mil- cent State Amount State Nuclear Regulatory commission modi­ r.ons) of rank rank fied its order limiting the scope of tes­ both by the Nuclear Regulatory Commis­ total sion and the public, and there is a need for a timony allowed in the hearings. After cooperative effort between the Commission Total ...... $528,687 100.0 ...... $2,334 ...... this order was issued, the Chairman of and the public for a maximum sharing of in­ Alabama ...... •...... •.•..•... 8,829 1.7 21 2,270 25 the Atomic Safety and Licensing formation and assistance in the understand­ Alaska ...... 2,124 .4 42 5,304 2 Board panel presiding over the hear­ ing of nonmilitary nuclear power; Arizona ...... •.....••....••...... 6,217 1.2 29 2,287 22 Arkansas ...... 4,506 .9 34 1,971 42 ings, Judge Louis Carter, resigned. Whereas information involved in an inves­ California ...... 61 ,464 ll.6 1 2,597 ll The hearings have now been tempo­ tigation or study of the nuclear power in­ Colorado ...... 6,950 1.3 26 2,408 14 dustry or of a nonmilitary nuclear power fa­ Connecticut ...... 8,906 1.7 20 2,866 8 rarily suspended. As a result of my in­ Delaware ...... 1,319 .2 49 2,217 26 volvement in these hearings and with cility is both highly complex and technical; Florida ...... 22,822 4.3 6 2,343 16 Whereas private citizens, due to time and ll,089 2.1 17 2,029 35 the concerned citizens participating in ~~~. ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 3,151 .6 38 3,266 3 them and the events leading up to the monetary constraints, have limited access to Idaho ...... 1,995 .4 43 2,113 33 the information necessary for a full under­ Illinois ...... 23,033 4.4 5 2,017 36 hearings, I have concluded that a con­ standing of the ramifications and problems Indiana ...... 9,260 1.8 19 1,687 50 sumer advocate is needed in the Nucle­ Iowa ...... 5,214 1.0 33 1,790 47 involved in the operations and effects of nu­ Kansas ...... 5,419 1.0 31 2,293 19 ar Regulatory Commission re­ NATIONAL NEWSPAPER troops to Lebanon and called for the speedy cently noted, these provisions "erode CARRIER APPRECIATION DAY withdrawal of all foreign forces from the the constitutional presumption of in­ country. Some said Israel should withdraw nocence", as men and women can be HON. FRANK R. WOLF immediately from Beirut as requested by arrested without any proof that they President Reagan. OF VIRGINIA The Jewish leaders unanimously ex­ are guilty of a crime. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pressed horror and revulsion at what one What these changes in the law mean Tuesday, September 21, 1982 group termed the "cold-blooded murder" of to those accused should be readily ap­ Palestinians in refugee camps in West parent; cases of authoritarian govern­ • Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I would Beirut over the weekend, and several said ments charging their political oppo­ like to bring to the attention of my Israel bears some responsibility for the kill­ nents with criminal law violations as a colleagues a resolution which I am in­ ings by failing to enforce law and order troducing today that will proclaim Oc­ after occupying West Beirut. shadowy pretext for arbitrary deten­ tober 16, 1982, as "National Newspaper Most Jewish spokesmen contacted ex­ tion are too numerous to mention Carrier Appreciation Day." pressed support for an investigation by the here. Under current law, a U.S. court It is important that we show our ap­ Israeli government into how the massacre conducts an independent judicial preciation to the more than 1 million took place and agreed that "those responsi­ review of the charges to assess wheth­ ble be brought swiftly to justice," as the newspaper carriers in the United Union of American Hebrew Congregations er they are genuinely criminal viola­ States. Too many times the efforts of put it in a statement. tions. If H.R. 6046 were to pass howev­ newspaper carriers go unappreciated Henry Siegman, national executive direc­ er, the courts would, in effect, be for­ and unrecognized, with many people tor of the 50,000 member American Jewish bidden to examine whether a request taking newspaper delivery for granted. Congress, also demanded that Israel "sever for extradition by a foreign govern­ Now is the time to recognize the devot­ all of its ties with the murderous Christian ment is really a subterfuge for perse­ ed efforts of the many individuals who militias responsible for this outrage. cution. As Christopher H. Pyle, profes­ deliver the news of the world to our "If Israel's abhorrence of the Palestine Liberation Organization is to contin­ sor of constitutional law and civil lib­ doorsteps and to let them know that ue to have moral credibility then it must erties at Mount Holyoke College, we support their hard work and dedi­ treat those responsible for this atrocity with noted recently in the New York Times, cation. the same abhorrence," Siegman said. the courts would not "be allowed to Each day, more than 107 million Siegman was backed in this view by Alex­ hear evidence that the charges against Americans read one or more of the ander M. Schindler, president of the Union the accused resulted from torture or 9,396 daily, weekly, or other newspa­ of American Hebrew Congregations, who to deny extradition on the grounds pers published in the United States said Israel must "sever relations with any and of that total, 83 percent are deliv­ Lebanese force found guilty of this foul that the requesting regime is notori­ deed." ous for brutal interrogations, unjust ered to the homes of the readers. I be­ to Up to now Israel has seen the Christian trials or cruel punishment". In short, a lieve it is also significant point out militias as allles in its struggle to impose a country's "capacity for justice" would that of the approximately 1 million stable, pro-Israel government in its north­ not have to be considered in extradi­ newspaper carriers in the United ern neighbor. States, 90 percent are 18 years of age Stegman, in the most critical remarks, said tion deliberations. or under. in an interview that he supported the Who, then, would be charged with Not only does newspaper delivery return of U.S. troops to Beirut, and the the responsibility of deciding proper provide part-time employment for over withdrawal of Israel from that city because grounds for extradition? A second pro­ 1 million people, it also provides the "Israel has no business playing the role of vision of H.R. 6046 answers this by opportunity for young people to gain restorer of Lebanon's stability; they should stipulating that extradition be taken not be the policemen of the Middle East." experience and confidence in what is While the Jewish community both in out of the courts and put into the many times their first job. It is an ex­ Washington and around the country ap­ hands of the Secretary of State to be cellent way for them to learn how to pears divided over Israel's responsibility for his exclusive domain, thus giving com­ earn and appreciate the value of the massacre of the Palestinian civilians, a plete control of an essentially judicial money and to learn a sense of respon­ number of spokesmen said yesterday that question to the executive branch of sibility in knowing that others are de­ Israel could not avoid bearing part of the our Government. This, I fear, would pending on them daily. In short, for blame even if only by omission. put the fate of foreign nationals, ques­ young people, a job as a news carrier "All nations-Lebanese Christians, Leba­ builds character. nese Muslims, Palestinian terrorists, SYrians tionably accused by their govern­ and Israelis, now embroiled in the conflict ments, under the purview of the State I hope my colleagues will join me in share a certain amount of guilt" for the Department, a bureau bound by for­ cosponsoring and supporting this reso­ massacre, said Rabbi Joshua 0. Haberman, eign policy and diplomatic concerns lution.e president of the Washington Board of Rabbis, which represents about 80 area that do not similarly constrain the ju­ Jewish rabbis. dicial branch of Government. We have JEWISH LEADERS HORRIFIED "Because Israel assumed responsibility by seen, for example, how the State De­ moving into Beirut, therefore it owes an partment has handled the question of HON. JOHN CONYERS, JR. answer as to why it exercised such bad judg­ political asylum for the Salvadorans. OF MICHIGAN ment in allowing Christian militias to enter Political motives rather than objective the Palestinian camps," Siegman said. "It is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES important to distinguish between guilt and consideration of the merits of the case Tuesday, September 21, 1982 responsibility. I do not believe Israel shares govern State Department policy to in the guilt; however they do share in some deny refuge to the Salvadorans. e Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, I com­ responsibility." We cannot let the current wave of mend the increasing number of Ameri­ Rabbi Arthur Hertzberg, a former presi­ can Jewish leaders who in good con­ dent of the American Jewish Congress and court-stripping and politicization of es­ science cannot remain silent any sentially judicial matters now color long-time critic of the government of Prime longer. The Washington Post carried Minister Menachem Begin, said, "It was at U.S. extradition law. The lives of this report by Caryle Murphy: worst, carelessness or misunderstanding of many thousands are at stake in the The article follows: the real nature of the situation." He called maintenance of due process. I urge my U.S. JEWISH LEADERS EXPRESS HORROR AT on Begin and Defense Minister Ariel Sharon colleagues today to reject the pro­ KILLINGS IN WEST BEIRUT to resign, adding: "They accepted the re­ sponsibility as policemen and they failed in posed changes in our extradition law in H.R. 6046. responsibility. In any decent democratic so­ as embodied American Jewish leaders yesterday gener­ ciety, if you fail in your responsibility, you ally welcomed the idea of returning U.S. resign." September 21, 1982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 24557 Some Jewish leaders, however, denied BUDGET COMMITTEE SCORE­ ference report to be held at the desk if the that Israel bears any responsibility for the KEEPING ON AGRICULTURE, discretionary budget authority exceeds its massacre. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND target. Rabbi Joseph B. Glaser, the New York­ RELATED AGENCIES APPRO­ ( 1) Discretionary programs in bill: The bill based executive vice president of the Cen­ PRIATION BILL is under the subcommittee's total. This bill tral Conference of American Rabbis, said, would not be subject to the deferred enroll­ "It is a cruel, horrible and ironic thing that ment provisions of the Budget Resolution. Israel should be weighed down with any HON. LES ASPIN <2> Mandatory programs in bill: The bill is kind of responsibility for this . . . I don't OF WISCONSIN under the subcommittee's total. think that you can say that because Israel IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (3) Overall bill total: The bill is under the failed to close all the gaps and keep these Tuesday, September 21, 1982 subcommittee's total. people out, that they can be held responsi­ (4) Credit targets: The bill is under the ble." e Mr. ASPIN. Mr. Speaker, I am in­ subcommittee's totals for direct loans and Glaser and Julius Berman, chairman of serting in the REcoRD a cost analysis primary guarantee commitments. the Conference of Presidents of Major of the Agriculture appropriations bill, <5> Supplemental amounts which may be American Jewish Organizations, said the prepared by the staff of the House required: Future anticipated funding re­ massacre was a result of the "epidemic Budget Committee using data supplied quirements also in this Subcommittee's ju­ nature of terrorism" and criticized Pope by the Congressional Budget Office. risdiction if added to this bill should not John Paul for receiving PLO chairman The analysis shows that the Agricul­ breach this subcommittee's 302(b) budget Yasser Arafat. ture Subcommittee at this point is bil­ authority target, but it would breach its lions of dollars under its targets-the outlay target by $234 million. One leader of the Washington Jewish For additional details see the attached community who asked for anonymity said subcommittee as a whole is $2,845 mil­ early warning report. he believed the weekend killings will further lion in budget authority and $1,785 contribute to the privately voiced sentiment million in outlays under the subcom­ among a section of Jewish leadership that mittee targets set by the Appropria­ EARLY WARNING ADDITIONAL DETAIL, HOUSE "Menachem Begin may have one great serv­ tions Committee pursuant to sec. BUDGET COMMITTEE ice to perform for the Jewish people-to Bill: H.R. 7072, agriculture, rural develop­ resign." However, he stressed that this sen­ 302 of the act. ment and related agencies appropriation, However, it should be noted that the fiscal year 1983 timent is not widespread enough that subcommittee identifies a variety of spokesmen feel compelled to express it pub­ STAFF ANALYSIS licly. supplemental appropriations that will Committee: Appropriations. B'nai B'rith's international president Jack be necessary next spring-and these Spitzer said his organization supports the should be taken into account in assess­ Subcommittee: Agriculture, Rural Devel­ "elimination of private militias and the ing where the subcommittee stands. opment and Related Agencies. withdrawal, as soon as possible, of all non­ Specifically, the committee report Chairman: Mr. WHITTEN (Mississippi). Lebanese forces" from Lebanon. Spitzer states that the funding for WIC-the Ranking minority member: Mrs. SMITH would not lay any blame on Israel for the women, infants, and children feeding . massacre anymore than he would "blame a program-is intended to be sufficient Scheduled: Presently not scheduled. [city] police force for murder." only through May 15, 1983; that food I. Description of bill The American Jewish Committee said it stamps funding is sufficient only This bill provides funds for the Depart­ was "shocked at the atrocities committed in through July 15; and that child nutri­ ment of Agriculture and related agencies for Palestinian camps in Beirut over the week­ tion funding is sufficient only through fiscal year 1983. end and we grieve for the victims." In a August 15. If amounts were added for statement, it called upon the U.S. to speed II. Comparison with target for discretionary the departure of all foreign armies and to these programs to fund them for the appropriations action work towards the restoration of civil order full year at levels assumed in the Pursuant to the Budget Act and HBC in Lebanon. budget resolution, the subcommittee scorekeeping, the subcommittee has two tar­ Hyman Bookbinder, the committee's would still be under target in budget gets: one for discretionary pr of the Budget Act. Each com­ mittee then divides the 302 allocation tees the amounts allocated to it in the First of the investigation would be accepted. among its subcommittees or programs and Budget Resolution for Fiscal Year 1983. "Would you accept as impartial and factu­ reports its subdivisions back to the House in Further, if the conference report on this al an investigation by the Israeli govern­ a 302 report. It is this 302(b) report that appropriation bill, combined with any other ment?" he asked. the House Budget Committee uses to fiscal year 1983 appropriations that the sub­ I ask my colleagues to join me to im­ "score" a spending bill. committee may have enacted this session, Scoring of this bill: Using the 302 causes the target for discretionary budget plement the following recommenda­ report, the Budget Committee makes sever­ authority to be breached, then the bill will tions: al comparisons to determine whether or not be subject to the "deferred enrollment" pro­ First. A cutoff of all military aid to a spending bill is within the targets of the vision of Section 4 of the Fiscal Year 1983 all countries in the Middle East. First Budget Resolution. In scoring a spend­ First Budget Resolution. ing bill, the Budget Committee pays par­ The summary table below shows that the Second. A withdrawal of all troops ticular attention to programs over which a subcommittee's possible full-year total is save those sent under United Nations committee has funding discretion. For ex­ under its discretionary budget authority auspices. ample, the Appropriations Committee is target and over its discretionary outlay Third. Increased supplies of medical bound by existing law and generally cannot target. Therefore, this bill is not subject to assistance and food to both Lebanese effectively reduce amounts required for the deferred enrollment. The numbers in the funding of mandatory programs. Many of summary table would change only with and Palestinians in Lebanon. these comparisons are for informational floor amendments, Senate action, or confer­ Fourth. Withdrawal of our U.S. Am­ purposes only; the only procedural sanction ence action on this bill. Possible future sup­ bassador from Israel.e is deferred enrollment which causes a con- plements are discussed in Section IV below .

.. 24558 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS September 21, 1982 III. Summary table WIC funding is $312 million in budget au­ Primary Guaranteed Loans [In millioos of dollars] thority and $216 milion in outlays below the resolution due to the bill assuming funding The bill provides REA with $5,950 million only through May 15, 1983. which is $450 million below the resolution. CCC short term export credit is required VIII. Definitions of terms in summary table, to be funded by the administration at not section III The amounts shown below are only !Of discretionary less than $500 million in direct loans result­ Line 1. Discretionary amounts in bill: dis­ 1983 ~ing by this subcommittee: ing in the bill being zero in budget authority 1. DISCretionary amounts in bill ...... 22,500 16.103 cretionary fiscal year 1983 appropriations in 2. Prior action ...... and $413 million in outlays above the resolu­ H.R. 7072. tion. 3. Total action to date ...... 22,500 16,103 Line 2. Prior action: the fiscal year 1983 4. 302(b) target ...... 24,940 17,810 V. Credit budget authority and outlays for this com­ 5. Over (+)/Under (-) ...... - 2,440 -1.707 The First Budget Resolution contains tar­ mittee that were appropriated in prior bills 6. Amounts assumed but not yet considered ...... 1,956 1,901 gets for credit program amounts. As with this session. budget authority and outlays, the Appro­ 7. Over(+ }/under(-) ...... -484 +194 Line 3. Total action to date: line 1 plus The amounts shown below are on~ !Of mandatory priations Committee is allocated amounts line 2. for credit activities, and subdivides those prDf~a:,:~~~~inbybilr.~ .. ~.~.~.~~ .. 572 570 Line 4. 302 target: the target for discre­ 9. Prior action ...... 2,645 3,723 amounts among subcommittees. For com­ tionary appropriations set by the Appro­ -----'--- parative purposes, the table below shows 10. Total...... 3,217 4,293 the bill and the credit subdivisions. priations Committee pursuant to the 11. 302(b) target ...... _ ___..3, ___622 4,_ 370 Budget Act. 12. Over(+ )/under(-) ...... -405 - 77 Line 5. Over <+)/Under <- >: line 3 minus 13. Supplemental amounts needed ...... _____430 _ 118 line 4. +25 +41 [In millions of dollars] Line 6. Amounts assumed but not yet con­ The a~nts ~~~"=(~ ..ifiSCfe&naiY .. sidered: these are amounts assumed in the and mandatory amounts: Primary Secondary fiscal year 1983 budget resolution for which 15. Total amounts in bill ...... 23,072 16,672 Direct loan guarantee guarantee 16. Prior action ...... _ ___..2,645 __ ___.._ 3,723 obligatioos commit­ commit­ funding has been deferred by the Appro­ 17. Total ...... 25,717 20,395 ments ments priations Committee, probably until next 18. 302(b) total target...... _ ___..28,562 __ ___.._ 22,180 Spring's supplemental appropriations bill. 1. Credit program limits in the bill ...... 7,684 6,381 ...... -2,845 - 1,785 Line 7. Over <+)/Under <- >: line 5 plus ~~ : ~t~~~. ~ .~. !.::::::::::::::::::::::: _ ___..2,386 __ ___.._ 2,019 2. ,:~ aS:t"~tJ u~ ~~ line 6. 21. Over(+ )/under(-) ...... -459 +234 bill and other amounts not subject Line 8. Mandatory amount in bill: funding to limit ...... __1_4._09_1 __-_5 ,:.....23_9_.. _.... _ ... _ .... _ .. ._... . for mandatory programs . Note.-Detail may not add due to rounding. 3. Total in bill ...... 21,775 1.142 ...... Line 9. Prior action: outlays from budget 4. eroort subdivisions ...... ------23,250 1,500 ...... authority enacted for years prior to fiscal IV. Explanation of over/under 5. Over (+)/Under(-)...... -1,475 -358 ...... year 1983, plus permanents and advance ap­ Since the assumptions behind a commit­ propriations assigned to the Appropriations Committee. tee's 302 subdivision are not required to The Budget Committee can only compare be provided to the House, the House Budget Line 10. Total: line 8 plus line 9. Committee is unable to give a definitive the items in the bill to the assumptions con­ tained in the budget resolution. It is impor­ Line 11. 302 target: the target for man­ answer to the question of where a particular tant to note that the line item assumptions datory amounts set by the Appropriations bill is over or under a committee's 302 in the budget resolution are not binding on Committee. The target set by the Appro­ subdivision. The Budget Committee can priations Committee includes the effect of only compare the items in the bill to the as­ a committee. The 302 allocation is $1,167 million in assumed authorizing legislation that would sumptions contained in the budget resolu­ change the level of mandatory programs. tion. It is important to note that the line direct loans above the resolution and $92 million in primary loan guarnatees below Line 12. Over <+)/Under <- >: line 10 item assumptions in the budget resolution minus line 11. are not binding on a committee. A list of the the resolution. A list of the major areas major areas where there bill differs from where this bill differs form the budget reso­ Line 13. Supplemental amounts needed: the budget resolution follows: lution follows: amounts for any new entitlement legislation Food stamps funding is $1,587 million in Direct Loans assumed in the budget resolution and to budget authority and $1,629 million in out­ The bill does not provide for moderate fund mandatory items in the bill at the level lays below the resolution due to the bill as­ income housing loans; whereas, the resolu­ estimated in the budget resolution. suming funding only through July 15, 1983. tion provided for $430 million. Line 14. Over <+)/Under <- >: line 12 plus Child nutrition funding is $428 million in The bill provides $1,460 million for farm line 13. budget authority and $115 million in outlays operating, irrigation and drainage, grazing, Lines 15 through 21. These lines equal the below the resolution due to the bill assum­ and recreation loans, which is $120 million sums of lines 1 and 8, lines 2 and 9, etc., re­ ing funding only through August 15, 1983. above the resolution. spectively.•

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