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Dissertation Erik Van Ingen Tilburg University Let's come together and unite van Ingen, E.J. Publication date: 2009 Link to publication in Tilburg University Research Portal Citation for published version (APA): van Ingen, E. J. (2009). Let's come together and unite: Studies of the changing character of voluntary association participation. Ridderprint. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 29. sep. 2021 Let’s Come Together and Unite Studies of the Changing Character of Voluntary Association Participation Let’s Come Together and Unite Studies of the Changing Character of Voluntary Association Participation Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit van Tilburg, op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof. dr. Ph. Eijlander, in het openbaar te verdedigen ten overstaan van een door het college voor promoties aangewezen commissie in de aula van de Universiteit op woensdag 18 november 2009 om 16.15 uur door Erik Jan van Ingen , geboren op 1 maart 1978 te Nijmegen. Promotores: Prof. Dr. Paul Dekker Prof. Dr. Matthijs Kalmijn Copromotor: Dr. Koen van Eijck ISBN/EAN: 978-90-5335-223-6 Proefschrift Universiteit van Tilburg / Dissertation Tilburg University Oldendorff Research Institute 2009 Copyright © Erik van Ingen, 2009 Cover Design: Erik van Ingen & Ridderprint Drukwerk: Ridderprint BV, Ridderkerk Voorwoord (Preface in Dutch) Wie op internet zoekt op de slogan “Let’s come together and unite” vindt allerhande verwijzingen, zoals “Let’s come together and unite against AIDS”, of “Let’s come together and unite [...] to build a sustainable economy and a green earth”, maar ook verwijzingen naar religieuze en politieke websites en verschillende verwijzingen naar een dance hit uit de jaren ’90. De moraal van dit verhaal is dat mensen zich om zeer diverse redenen verenigen, om vervolgens gezamenlijk iets te willen bereiken, wat kan uiteenlopen van het verbeteren van de wereld tot het samen afgaan van houseparty’s. Sociologen en politicologen bestuderen dit soort verbanden en dan voornamelijk de meer geformaliseerde voorbeelden, zoals voetbalverenigingen of maatschappelijke organisaties. In navolging van mijn promotor – en misschien met een anglicisme – duid ik die het liefst aan met de term “vrijwillige associaties”. In de wetenschappelijke literatuur worden allerlei verwachtingen uitgesproken over de functies die vrijwillige associaties hebben voor de individuele deelnemer en de samenleving als geheel en bovendien over mogelijke veranderingen die in dit domein plaatsvinden. Een aantal van die verwachtingen heb ik getoetst en de uitkomsten daarvan zijn in dit proefschrift te lezen; de grote lijnen in het concluderende hoofdstuk en de details in de afzonderlijke hoofdstukken. Dit is echter niet de plek om over onderzoek te praten, maar om mensen te bedanken. En dat zijn er nogal wat. Helaas blijft in het gebruikelijke persoonlijke en werkmatige contact het uitspreken van die dank nogal eens uit en daarom is het voorwoord van een proefschrift een prachtige plaats om dat te doen. Paul, in de eerste plaats gaat mijn dank uit naar jou. Vanwege het vertrouwen dat je in mij had na het min of meer toevallige kruisen van onze paden en vanwege de vrijheid die je me altijd hebt gegeven om mezelf te ontwikkelen. Van dat vallen en opstaan begin ik in toenemende mate de vruchten te plukken. Wat mij betreft werken we in de toekomst nog vaak samen, zodat ik nog vaak kan lachen om je onnavolgbare humor met serieuze ondertoon. Dit onderzoeksproject was overigens waarschijnlijk niet tot stand gekomen zonder de stichting Synthesis, die het onderzoeksprogramma Civil society en nieuwe maatschappelijke tegenstellingen financiert, waarbij de Universiteit van Tilburg als tegenprestatie mijn aanstelling bekostigde. Ik dank het bestuur van de stichting voor de belangstelling in mijn onderzoek. Dank ook aan mijn andere twee begeleiders, wiens begeleiding ervoor heeft gezorgd dat dit promotietraject vrij soepel is verlopen. Koen, bedankt voor je support in met name de eerste twee jaren. Het is erg jammer dat je niet meer in Tilburg werkt, maar ik troost me met de gedachte dat we elkaar altijd nog tegen het lijf kunnen lopen in een winkelcentrum in Tilburg West! Matthijs, bedankt in de tweede helft van het traject voor de heldere inzichten en onophoudelijke stroom van goede ideeën. Ik kijk uit naar onze verdere samenwerking. Uiteraard gaat mijn dank ook uit naar de commissieleden die tijd hebben vrijgemaakt om mijn proefschrift te beoordelen: Filip Wijkström, Marc Hooghe, Beate Völker en Gabriël van den Brink. Veel profijt heb ik gehad van mijn – voor een Tilburgse AIO – wat ongebruikelijke opleiding bij het ICS. Mijn dank aan Ton Heinen voor de toestemming om dit traject te volgen en aan de betrokken docenten voor het delen van hun grote kennis en inzicht. En natuurlijk dank aan mijn medestudenten, in het bijzonder degenen die het belang van de borreltraditie mede onderschrijven, zoals Rense, Gerald, Anca, Freek, Arieke, Anne, Nicole, Jochem en Marieke. Tom: het was me een waar genoegen om met je samen te werken. Zonder onze discussies had dit proefschrift er minder solide uitgezien. Dat we nog maar vaak op een terras ver van, of juist dichtbij huis mogen afgeven op de kwaliteit van het gemiddelde onderzoek op niet nader te noemen conferenties of mogen filosoferen over de mooie stukken die we nog gaan schrijven op het moment dat we de juiste data in handen krijgen. Uiteraard ook mijn dank aan andere collega’s waarmee ik de afgelopen jaren heb mogen samenwerken. Bij het departement sociologie in de eerste plaats Ellen: ons kamergenotenhuwelijk houdt al jaren probleemloos stand ondanks werkfrustraties en privéproblemen. Het was bijzonder aangenaam een kamer met je te delen. Paul (de G.): bedankt voor het mogen leren van jouw onderwijservaring, om vervolgens daarop mee te liften naar de titel “beste bachelor docent”. Aan alle andere mede-aio’s en collega’s: bedankt voor de onderhoudende lunches en discussiegroepjes, ik hoop er nog vele mee te maken. De afgelopen jaren waren niet zonder omzwervingen. Van de tijd bij het departement vrijetijdwetenschappen zal vooral de sprong-in-het-diepe onderwijservaring me nog lang bijblijven en hierbij wil ik graag Bertine, Anneke, Antonis en Hugo bedanken voor de prettige samenwerking. Ook aan het jaar part- time werken bij het SCP heb ik zeer goede herinneringen, wat vooral te danken is aan de mensen met wie ik het meest intensief heb samengewerkt. Koen, Jos en Ineke: het was me een waar genoegen. Andries: lang leve de liefde voor muziek; ik moet zeker nog een keer komen kijken! Wat zou het leven zijn zonder vrienden? Ik geloof niet dat ik – na afronding van dit proefschrift – nog in deze relatief goede mentale gezondheid zou verkeren zonder regelmatig op vrienden te kunnen rekenen om alles wat met werk te maken heeft te doen vergeten. Sjoerd: we zijn niet bepaald meer de “children of the night”, maar laten we de “Berlijnse jaren” koesteren en nog lang een hoop lol maken. Daar gaan verschillende woonplaatsen en levensfasen niets aan veranderen! Arnold: de harde kern staat! Vossen verliezen hun haar, niet hun streken en snappen nog steeds weinig van de andere sekse. Dank ook aan andere oude en nieuwe vrienden, zoals Wouter, Martijn, Vincent, Kristel, Rachel, Steef, Guido, Pauline, Bartelijn en Sander; we moeten vaker afspreken. Hans: we gaan nog een keer terug naar Mexico, of ergens anders naartoe, maar dit keer zonder voedselvergiftiging! Participerende observatie helpt bij het schrijven van een proefschrift, ook wanneer dat zuiver kwantitatief van aard is. Dank daarom aan de soms formeel, soms informeel, maar altijd vrijwillig associërende mensen van de Muze, de personeelssquash clan, de klimvereniging en natuurlijk de schakers tevens darters uit Jacks. Traditiegetrouw tot slot de meest nabije sociale relaties. Willemijn, opa, oma: dank voor jullie onvoorwaardelijke steun en trots. Voor de plekken op de eerste rij komt niemand anders in aanmerking! Evert en Paulien: tja, waar moet ik beginnen? Volgens mij kun je alleen maar heel erg dankbaar zijn als je over een onuitputtelijke bron van liefde, hulp en steun mag beschikken! En tot slot Linda, mijn lief: je dacht toch niet echt dat ik je hier achterwege zou kunnen laten? We mogen dan allebei uitstekend weten wat we zelf willen, gelukkig is dat in eerste plaats elkaar! Erik van Ingen, September 2009. Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................................1 1.1 THE DEBATE ABOUT VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS .........................................................1 1.2 SHIFTS IN PARTICIPATION , DETERMINANTS , AND EFFECTS .............................................4 1.3 NOTES ON CONCEPTS AND CONTEXT ..............................................................................9
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