Annual Report 2006 (Pdf)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Annual Report 2006 (Pdf) ANNUAL REPORT NCC 2006 CONTENTS This is NCC 1 FINANCIAL REPORT Review by the President 2 Report of the Board of Directors, including risk analysis 40 Group overview 6 Consolidated income statement 50 Strategic orientation 10 Consolidated balance sheet 52 Financial objectives and dividend policy 13 Parent Company income statement 54 Market and competitors 16 Parent Company balance sheet 55 Employees 22 Changes in shareholders’ equity 56 The environment and society 25 Cash flow statement 58 Business areas Notes 60 – NCC Construction Sweden 30 Auditors’ Report 95 – NCC Construction Denmark 32 – NCC Construction Finland 33 Multi-year review 96 – NCC Construction Norway 34 Quarterly data 98 – NCC Construction Germany 35 Definitions / Glossary 99 – NCC Property Development 36 – NCC Roads 38 SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION Corporate governance 100 Board of Directors and Auditors 106 Management 108 The NCC share 110 This is a translation of the original Swedish Annual Report. In Financial information 112 the event of differences between the English translation and the Swedish original, the Swedish Annual Report shall prevail. Index of key words 113 Kanalhusen, Kristianstad, Sweden. Kollegie, Viborg, Denmark. NCC 2006 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW OF 2006 Stångåstrand, Linköping, Sweden. Key figures Net sales by business area, percent SEK M 2006 2005 Orders received 57,213 52,413 NCC Roads, 18 (18)% NCC Construction Sweden, 39 (39)% Net sales 55,876 49,506 Operating profit 2,392 1,748 Profit after financial items 2,263 1,580 NCC Property Net profit for the year 1,708 1,187 Development, 6 (3)% Earnings per share after dilution, SEK 15.74 10.86 Ordinary dividend per share, SEK 8.001) 5.50 NCC Construction NCC Construction Germany, 3 (3)% Denmark, 11 (14)% Extraordinary dividend per share, SEK 10.001) 10.00 Cash flow before financing 1,657 2,115 NCC Construction NCC Construction Finland, 12 (12)% Cash flow per share after dilution, SEK 15.29 19.52 Norway, 11 (10)% Return on shareholders’ equity, % 27 18 Equity/assets ratio, % 22 25 Net indebtedness 430 496 Average number of employees during the year 21,784 21,001 1) Proposed dividend. Cover: NCC’s Construction units accounted for 76 percent (78) of net sales in LKAB’s pelletizing plant in Kiruna, Sweden, is 2006, and NCC Construction Sweden was the largest business area. NCC’s largest ongoing partnering project. THE YEAR IN BRIEF • 2006 was a highly successful year for NCC, when all of • NCC Roads capitalized on the strong construction the financial objectives were achieved. The return on climate and a mild autumn, and NCC Property Develop- equity after tax was 27 percent, the cash flow was posi- ment utilized the robust real estate market and keen tive and net indebtedness amounted to SEK 0.4 billion investor interest to complete a large number of favorable at year-end. transactions. Expansion in Germany, where NCC is building housing in several major growth regions, yielded • Profit after financial items amounted to SEK 2,263 M results. Similarly, the growth achieved in the Baltic (1,580), the highest level in NCC’s history. countries generated surplus. • NCC’s Construction units in Sweden and Finland re- • Around the end of 2006, an agreement was reached ported record earnings in 2006, due to a healthy hous- concerning the sale of NCC Roads’ Polish operations to ing market and to improved margins in construction Strabag of Austria. operations. In Norway, profitability was also favorable, while Denmark failed in significant aspects of its • NCC’s Board of Directors proposes an ordinary divi- project control. dend of SEK 8.00 (5.50) per share, plus an extraordi- nary dividend of SEK 10.00 (10.00) per share, making a total of SEK 18.00 (15.50) per share. Net sales, SEK billion Profit/loss after financial items, SEK billion Cash flow before financing, SEK billion 60 2.5 6 50 2.0 5 40 1.5 4 30 1.0 3 20 0.5 2 10 0.0 1 0 –0.5 0 02 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 06 02 03 04 05 06 NCC’s sales have increased gradually during recent Profit for 2006 was the highest in NCC’s history, Cash flow in 2006 benefited from the healthy profita- years, because of the robust construction climate amounting to SEK 2,263 M (1,580). The loss reported bility of NCC’s Construction units and NCC Roads. in the Nordic region. NCC’s Construction units in 2003 was due mainly to impairment losses and Investments in properties classed as current assets accounted for most of the increase. During 2006, restructuring measures. increased in NCC’s Construction units and in NCC NCC Roads increased its sales due to favorable Property Development. During 2004, cash flow weather and NCC Property Development sold included payments from major sales of managed prop- several development properties. erties and property projects within NCC Property Development. Sales of property projects also occurred in 2005 and 2006, although the related payment will not be received until subsequent years. Figures for 2002-2003 are not adapted to IFRS. THIS IS NCC FUTURE ENVIRONMENTS FOR WORKING, buildings, roads, civil-engineering structures and LIVING AND COMMUNICATION other types of infrastructure. NCC also offers input NCC is one of the leading construction and property- materials used in construction, such as aggregates and development companies in the Nordic region. The asphalt, and conducts paving, operation and mainte- Group had sales of SEK 56 billion in 2006, with nance operations in the roads sector. 22,000 employees. NCC mainly conducts operations in the Nordic region. In the Baltic region, NCC builds housing on NORDIC REGION AS THE DOMESTIC MARKET a proprietary basis and in Germany NCC mainly en- NCC is active throughout the value chain in its efforts gages in the construction of single-family housing. to create environments for working, living and com- NCC’s vision is to be the leading company in the munication. NCC develops and builds residential and development of tomorrow’s environments for work- commercial properties, industrial facilities and public ing, living and communication. PROPERTY CONSTRUCTION DEVELOPMENT ROADS Housing, building and civil engineering Development of commercial properties Asphalt, aggregates, paving and road services The Gurkörten property block, Sörbyängen, Västra Hamnen, Malmö, Sweden. E4, Markaryd, Sweden. Örebro, Sweden NCC’s Construction units construct NCC Property Development devel- NCC Roads’ core business is the pro- residential and office properties, other ops and sells commercial properties duction of aggregates and asphalt, com- buildings, industrial facilities, roads, in defined Nordic growth markets. bined with paving operations and road civil-engineering structures and other Its target groups are users seeking in- services. NCC Roads is the leading types of infrastructure, with a focus on spirational environments and inves- player in the Nordic market. NCC the Nordic market. In several Nordic tors seeking properties that offer sta- Roads’ main markets in 2006 were the markets, the Group is a leading play- bility and a secure return over time. Nordic countries, as well as Poland and er in the development of housing St. Petersburg. Around the end of projects. In recent years, considerable 2006, an agreement was reached con- effort has been devoted to increasing cerning the sale of the business area’s industrial construction in order to Polish operations. improve quality and reduce costs. NCC ANNUAL REPORT 2006 | THIS IS NCC | 1 REVIEW BY THE PRESIDENT TRIMMED ORGANIZATION TOWARDS NEW GOALS Alf Göransson and Olle Ehrlén. NCC’s financial statements for 2006 are also President and HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE THE PERFORMANCE OF CEO Alf Göransson’s final account of his time at NCC. He THE VARIOUS GROUP UNITS? came to NCC in 2001, and during his slightly more than five NCC Construction in Sweden and Finland delivered record years as CEO, he has driven a change process that has made profits in 2006, in part due to a favorable housing market the Company leaner, sharper and more profitable. During this and in part to improved margins in construction opera- period, NCC has also grown in its priority markets and seg- tions. Profitability was also favorable in Norway, while ments. More efficient purchasing, new forms of cooperation Denmark failed in significant aspects of its project control. and industrial construction have been key issues. On Febru- NCC Roads also noted its best year since the unit was es- ary 12, 2007, Olle Ehrlén, previously Deputy CEO of NCC AB tablished and improved both profits and returns, while and President of NCC Construction Sweden, took over as NCC Property Development took advantage of the favor- new President and CEO. able property market and investor interest to execute a large number of sales. ALF GÖRANSSON, HOW DO YOU VIEW THE 2006 FISCAL YEAR? AFTER TURNAROUND AND STREAMLINING PROCESS, It was a successful year for NCC, in which the after-tax 2006 WAS THE YEAR WHEN NCC STARTED TO GROW, return on equity was 27 percent, which was 9 percentage ALTHOUGH IN SELECTED SEGMENTS AND IN SMALL points higher than in the preceding year and well above our STEPS. WHAT HAS HAPPENED? target of 15 percent. The total return on the share was Expansion in Germany, where we are now constructing 42 percent (78). In addition, profit exceeded SEK 2 billion, housing in nearly all major growth markets, is proceeding as reaching SEK 2,263 M (1,580). planned. In the Baltic countries, where we build housing on a proprietary basis, we built approximately 400 homes in 2006, and continue to grow. In St. Petersburg, we have 2 | REVIEW BY THE PRESIDENT | NCC ANNUAL REPORT 2006 NCC is a driving force in the change process that is taking the construction industry into a new era.
Recommended publications
  • Enea® H324m-BRICKS 1
    DATA SHEET ENEA® H324m-BRICKS 1 Multimedia session control and transfer protocols stack for 3G video The ITU-T H.324 recommendation was initially issued to specify a suite of standards for sharing video, voice and data simultaneously over modem connections on PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network). It defines a control protocol (H.245) and multi plexing mechanism (H.223) as well as audio and video codecs used for real- time multimedia streaming over an established switchedcircuit connection. 3G-324M has been derived from Enea H324m-Bricks n ITU-T H.245 version 11 (backward H.324 standards by 3GPP and 3GPP2 Enea® H324m-Bricks is a portable compatible) including support for standard ization bodies to specify implementation of this set of standards H.223 Annexes A, B and C required multimedia communication in mobile compliant with: for mobile communications switched circuit environments. n ITU-T H.324 (09/2005) including 3G-324M set of protocols is well mobile support specified in Annex Enea H324m-BRICKS consists of the suited for delay sensitive applications A , C and K (Note 1) following: like video phone, video conferencing, n 3GPP & 3GPP2 specifications: TS n ITU-T H.245 protocol for multimedia TV broadcasting, and video-ondemand. 26.111 (V6.01), TSDatasheet 26.110 (V6.00), mobile call control in compliance Such applications could not be satis- and TS 26.911 (V6.00) with H.324 recommendation factorily operated using currently n ITU-T H.223 including Annex A, B, C n ITU-T H.223 multiplexing protocol H324m-BRICKS deployed mobile packet technology due and D (Note 1) including: to high packet transmission overhead, n Adaptation layer procedures for high BER, and variable transit delay.
    [Show full text]
  • Services to Citizens in the EU in Facts and Figures
    161/2007 - 27 November 2007 Consumers in Europe Services to citizens in the EU in facts and figures How many EU households have only mobile phones? For how long do they talk per day on their mobile phones? How many inhabitants are served by each post office in the Member States? How many Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) are there per inhabitant in the EU? How do Europeans prefer to pay for their purchases? Answers to these questions and many more can be found in the publication1 "Consumers in Europe – facts and figures", jointly published by Eurostat, the Statistical Office of the European Communities and the General Directorate Health & Consumer Protection of the European Commission. This third edition of "Consumers in Europe" focuses on network industries providing services of general interest to the European consumers. These services are utilities such as transport, energy, water, electricity, telecommunications, internet, postal services and banking services, which play a fundamental role in the economic and social lives of citizens. Nearly one mobile phone subscription per inhabitant in the EU27 in 2005 The number of mobile telephone subscriptions2 has increased almost fourteen times between 1996 and 2005 in the EU27, from 7 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants in 1996 to 96 in 2005. In 2005, thirteen Member States had more than 100 mobile phone subscriptions per 100 inhabitants. Luxembourg (158), Lithuania (127), Italy (122), the Czech Republic (115) and Portugal (111) registered the highest ratios and Romania (62), Poland (76), France (77) and Bulgaria (80) the lowest. In contrast, the number of fixed telephone lines per 100 inhabitants in the EU27 has only increased slightly in this period, from 43 lines per 100 inhabitants in 1996 to 48 in 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms International T U T T L E , V Ir G in Ia G R a C E
    INFORMATION TO USERS This was produced from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material subm itted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure you of complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark it is an indication that the film inspector noticed either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, or duplicate copy. Unless we meant to delete copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed, you will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photo­ graphed the photographer has followed a definite method in “sectioning” the material. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again-beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For any illustrations that cannot be reproduced satisfactorily by xerography, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and tipped into your xerographic copy.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multidisciplinary Approach in Finland
    Preparing social and health care services for a new era - a multidisciplinary approach in Finland Yvonne Hilli. RN, PHN, RNT, PhD, a) Head of project b)Principal Lecturer a) the Council for Swedish Education and Culture in Ostrobothnia, Finland b)Novia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Rika Levy-Malmberg. RN, RNT, PhD, Senior Lecturer Novia University of Applied Sciences, Finland Correspondence: Yvonne Hilli Seriegatan 2 65320 Vaasa Finland [email protected], [email protected] Tel. +358 44750 3225 Preparing Social and Health Care Services for a New Era - A Multidisciplinary Approach in Finland Abstract The aim of this qualitative study is to map the educational requirements and the needs of health and social care. In addition to social and health care services in the western region of Finland, the intention is to create models, possibilities and a new intensification concept for regional development within education, research and development (R&D). In phase one he data was collected in the form of a questionnaire on a regional and local level. The second phase focused on data collection using the method “Call for Papers” on a national level. The third phase was guided by the results from the former two phases. The data was collected by conducting four focus group interviews among leaders within health and social care. The data was analyzed through content analysis. The results emerging from this survey promote collaboration between the universities and universities of applied sciences, different networks, health and social care services. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need to develop inter- professional and multilingual learning environments, entrepreneurship, multi-professional R&D and a means for leadership to promote the vision of leading toward change.
    [Show full text]
  • 14 Cict 21 P4 :06
    L 1' ti Popayán 21 de octubre de 2014 14 CICT 21 P4 :06 Señores Supervisores Rosaura Bermúdez Ayala (.5`) PU. Of. Gestión Ambiental ARCHIVESE EN Holman Gaitán PE. Of. Gestión Ambiental Corporación Autónoma Regional del Cauca — CRC ASUNTO: ENTREGA INFORME FINAL CONTRATO 0151-17-05-2013 Cordial Saludo, Para los fines pertinentes de la realización de liquidación del presente contrato les remito el informe final del Proyecto: "PARTICIPACION COMUNITARIA INSTITUCIONAL PARA LA ORDENACION Y MANEJO DE LAS SUBZONAS HIDROGRAFICAS DE LOS RIOS PAÉZ, PALO, TIMBA Y EL PROYECTO DE ORDENACION FORESTAL EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA, el informe consta de 49 folios y además se anexa un CD con toda la información y cartografía generada para estos proyectos, MXD (Mapas). archivos en formato Shapefile, tablas en formato de Excel y Geodatabase de las Subzonas antes mencionadas y el proyecto de ordenación. Institucionalmente, UARDO VERA M. CC. 017 de Popayán Geógrafo Contratista CRC Preparo y Reviso* Luis E / Sub Gestión Amb. C ten 2' • • • .....•• t Ole Vtr, ni!~ ") '. *21 ") *. 08265 -HOZ 7W CORPORACION AUTONOMA REGIONAL DEL CAUCA CRC INFORME FINAL CONTRATO 0151/2013: PROYECTO DE PARTICIPACION COMUNITARIA INSTITUCIONAL PARA LA ORDENACION Y MANEJO DE LAS SUBZONAS HIDROGRAFICAS RIO PAEZ. PALO Y) TIMBA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA. PROYECTO DE ORDENACION FORESTAL DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEL CAUCA. RESENTADO POR: LUIS EDUARDO RIVERA MORALES GEOGRAFO CONTRATISTA POPAYÁN 2013 1 ti TABLA DE CONTENIDO PÁG. INTRODUCCIÓN 4 1. OBJETIVOS 5 1.1. Objetivo General 5 1.2. Objetivos Especificos 5 2. METODOLOGIA 6 2.1. Primera Fase 6 2.1.1. Revisión y recolección de información cartográfica y secundaria 6 2.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Water Use Efficiency to Summer Drought in a Boreal Scots
    Biogeosciences, 14, 4409–4422, 2017 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4409-2017 © Author(s) 2017. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Response of water use efficiency to summer drought in a boreal Scots pine forest in Finland Yao Gao1, Tiina Markkanen1, Mika Aurela1, Ivan Mammarella2, Tea Thum1, Aki Tsuruta1, Huiyi Yang3, and Tuula Aalto1 1Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, P.O. Box 503, 00101, Finland 2Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, P.O. Box 48, 00014, Finland 3Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK Correspondence to: Yao Gao (yao.gao@fmi.fi) Received: 10 May 2016 – Discussion started: 10 June 2016 Revised: 28 August 2017 – Accepted: 4 September 2017 – Published: 29 September 2017 Abstract. The influence of drought on plant functioning has ET led to a smaller decrease in EWUE but a larger increase received considerable attention in recent years, however our in IWUE because of the severe soil moisture drought in com- understanding of the response of carbon and water coupling parison to observations. As in the observations, the simulated to drought in terrestrial ecosystems still needs to be im- uWUE showed no changes in the drought event. The model proved. A severe soil moisture drought occurred in south- deficiencies exist mainly due to the lack of the limiting effect ern Finland in the late summer of 2006. In this study, we of increased VPD on stomatal conductance during the low investigated the response of water use efficiency to summer soil moisture condition.
    [Show full text]
  • Notice of Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in Enea AB (Publ)
    Notice of Annual General Meeting of Shareholders in Enea AB (publ) The shareholders in Enea AB (publ), corp. id. no. 556209-7146, (the ”Company”), are hereby invited to attend the annual general meeting (“AGM”) to be held on Tuesday May 9, 2017, at 4.30 p.m. at Kista Science Tower, Färögatan 33 in Kista, Stockholm. Registration starts at 3.30 p.m. Notice of attendance Shareholders who wish to attend the AGM must be recorded as shareholder in the share register maintained by Euroclear Sweden AB no later than Wednesday May 3, 2017 and notify the Company no later than 5 p.m. on Wednesday May 3, 2017. Notice of attendance can be given by post to Enea AB (publ), P.O. Box 1033, 164 21 Kista, by telephone +46 8 50 71 50 05 or by e-mail to [email protected]. Notice of attendance shall contain name, personal or corporate identification number, number of represented shares, address, telephone no. and assistant, if any, (no more than 2). Shareholders represented by proxy shall issue a dated proxy. The proxy may be valid for a maximum of five years if so has been specifically stated. If no term of validity is stated, the proxy is valid for one year. The proxy shall be submitted to the Company well ahead of the AGM to the address stated above. Proxies issued by a legal entity must be accompanied by an attested copy of the entity’s registration certificate. The registration certificate must not be older than one year. A proxy form will be kept available at the Company’s website www.enea.com and will also be sent to shareholders who so request and state their address.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Architectures an Overview
    Computer Architectures An Overview PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Sat, 25 Feb 2012 22:35:32 UTC Contents Articles Microarchitecture 1 x86 7 PowerPC 23 IBM POWER 33 MIPS architecture 39 SPARC 57 ARM architecture 65 DEC Alpha 80 AlphaStation 92 AlphaServer 95 Very long instruction word 103 Instruction-level parallelism 107 Explicitly parallel instruction computing 108 References Article Sources and Contributors 111 Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors 113 Article Licenses License 114 Microarchitecture 1 Microarchitecture In computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometimes abbreviated to µarch or uarch), also called computer organization, is the way a given instruction set architecture (ISA) is implemented on a processor. A given ISA may be implemented with different microarchitectures.[1] Implementations might vary due to different goals of a given design or due to shifts in technology.[2] Computer architecture is the combination of microarchitecture and instruction set design. Relation to instruction set architecture The ISA is roughly the same as the programming model of a processor as seen by an assembly language programmer or compiler writer. The ISA includes the execution model, processor registers, address and data formats among other things. The Intel Core microarchitecture microarchitecture includes the constituent parts of the processor and how these interconnect and interoperate to implement the ISA. The microarchitecture of a machine is usually represented as (more or less detailed) diagrams that describe the interconnections of the various microarchitectural elements of the machine, which may be everything from single gates and registers, to complete arithmetic logic units (ALU)s and even larger elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Pia Mikander Globalization As Continuing Colonialism
    Journal of Social Science Education Volume 15, Number 2, Summer 2016 DOI 10.4119/UNIBI/jsse-v15-i2-1475 Pia Mikander Globalization as Continuing Colonialism: Critical Global Citizenship Education in an Unequal World In an unequal world, education about global inequality can be seen as a controversial but necessary topic for social science to deal with. Even though the world no longer consists of colonies and colonial powers, many aspects of the global economy follow the same patterns as during colonial times, with widening gaps between the world’s richest and the world’s poorest. An analysis of Finnish textbook texts includes practical examples of how globalization is portrayed within basic education. It reveals that the textbooks vary in their interpretations of the relationship between colonialism and globalization. The people of the North are rarely portrayed as responsible for the poverty in the South. Globalization is not described as a politically implicated phenomenon. The article also presents the critical global citizenship education initiative as an approach to the topic. It suggests that students can learn to challenge common assumptions that conceal the historical and structural roots of power relations. Teaching about privilege can be seen as another supplementary method to help students understand their position in the world. Keywords: However, a range of international issues, from the divi- Social science, global inequality, social studies, Finland, sion of labor and manufacturing of clothes to interna- history, geography, critical global citizenship education, tional weapons trade, migration, refugee crises and critical literacy, textbook research tourism, can be understood as rooted in the past, in colonial settings.
    [Show full text]
  • Immigrants in the Finnish Labour Market
    Immigrants in the Finnish Labour Market Research Director Elli Heikkilä Institute of Migration Conference on Migration and Demographic Challenges in the Nordic- Baltic Region, KUMU Art Museum, 7.-8.3.2013, Tallinn, Estonia Short introduction to Finnish emigration in Baltic/Sweden and world context Emigration from Finland 1860-2010 and Finns abroad 2010 Immigration to and emigration from Finland in 1960-1984 (Note! Includes also persons of foreign origin). From and to all countries Between Finland and Sweden Net From Sweden From Finland Net Year Immigration Emigration migration to Finland to Sweden migration 1960 3 396 12 552 -9 156 3 166 12 092 -8 926 1961 6 521 18 336 -11 815 3 768 12 830 -9 062 1962 6 026 13 280 -7 254 4 271 9 770 -5 499 1963 5 127 12 947 -7 820 4 071 10 385 -6 314 1964 8 214 28 082 -19 868 3 824 19 302 -15 478 1965 8 311 29 394 -21 083 4 540 21 852 -17 312 1966 8 351 20 554 -12 203 6 378 16 617 -10 239 1967 7 202 12 898 -5 696 6 061 10 616 -4 555 1968 9 872 24 866 -14 994 6 108 17 338 -11 230 1969 13 608 54 107 -40 499 5 858 38 607 -32 749 1970 16 824 53 205 -36 381 10 961 41 479 -30 518 1971 18 338 17 665 673 16 455 15 535 920 1972 17 421 11 951 5 470 15 460 10 254 5 206 1973 16 491 10 309 6 182 14 402 8 635 5 767 1974 13 311 12 027 1 284 10 474 10 070 404 1975 8 307 12 237 -3 930 5 077 10 764 -5 687 1976 7 387 17 346 -9 959 4 745 15 334 -10 589 1977 7 580 18 209 -10 629 5 036 14 634 -9 598 1978 7 184 16 327 -9 143 4 725 11 827 -7 102 1979 10 122 16 661 -6 539 7 058 12 803 -5 745 1980 13 626 14 824 -1 198 10 202 11 245 -1 043 1981 15 771 10 042 5 729 12 339 6 774 5 565 1982 14 661 7 403 7 258 11 239 4 510 6 729 1983 13 629 6 822 6 807 9 669 4 030 5 639 1984 11 686 7 467 4 219 7 979 4 609 3 370 4 Source: Jouni Korkiasaari, Institute of Migration, Finland 5 3 • pull effect: economical boom in Sweden -> demand for labour especially in industry in Sweden; higher wage level • working places also for those who didn’t know Swedish language • push effect: unemployment in Finland; baby-boom generation entering to the labour market, i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis and Design of a Policy Based Approach to Software Download in a Distributed Automotive Middleware
    Analysis and Design of a Policy based approach to Software Download in a Distributed Automotive Middleware ANDREAS LINDELL Master of Science Thesis Stockholm, Sweden 2007 This sentence was intentionally made white. Analysis and Design of a Policy based approach to Software Download in a Distributed Automotive Middleware Andreas Lindell This sentence was intentionally made white. Master of Science Thesis MMK 2007:76 fMDA 308g KTH Industrial Engineering and Management Machine Design SE-100 44 Stockholm This sentence was intentionally made white. This Master Thesis was written at, and in cooperation with, Keywords: Automotive Middleware, Embedded System, Distributed System, Software Load, Policy, Repository, Policy Repository, DySCAS, AUTOSAR, OSE Epsilon, Linux, Polyhedra The contents, results and conclusions of this master thesis represents the au- thor's opinion only, and is not in any way affiliated with those of the DySCAS or AUTOSAR consortium, or that of Enea AB or the Royal Institute of Technology. c 2007 Andreas Lindell . Master of Science Thesis MMK2007:76 MDA 308 Analysis and Design of a Policy based approach to Software Download in a Distributed Automotive Middleware Andreas Lindell Approved: Examiner: Supervisor: 2007-12-18 Martin T¨orngren Magnus Persson Commissioner: Contact Person: Enea Detlef Scholle . Abstract . DySCAS is an automotive research project with the purpose of providing a future standard within the vehicle electronics layer satisfying the needs of both today's and tomorrow's automotive producers. This master thesis was carried out at Enea during the fall of 2007 with the purpose of investigating the implementation of software download through an external and secure communication link to every node in a DySCAS system.
    [Show full text]
  • Graphics System in Vehicle Electronics
    UPTEC IT09 008 Examensarbete 30 hp April 2009 Graphics System in Vehicle Electronics Andreas Kjellgren Abstract Graphics System in Vehicle Electronics Andreas Kjellgren Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten In this thesis three problems areas are studied related to embedded system and device driver programming: a GPS driver, the CAN Bus and study of graphics libraries Besöksadress: suitable for embedded systems. The thesis has two parts: an academic study and an Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 implementation phase based on the academic study. The Freescale i.MX31ADS Hus 4, Plan 0 development board together with ENEA's operating system OSE is used as a basis for the study and it is shown that OpenGL ES is best suited for the platform. Further the Postadress: system can be complemented by the use of Mobile 3D Graphics, a Java based Box 536 751 21 Uppsala solution. A driver for the graphics port is implemented for Linux and OpenGL ES works using a graphics accelerator on the hardware. In the field of CAN Telefon: communication an analysis of an existing driver is made. The driver has two 018 – 471 30 03 shortcomings that lead to an incorrect priority order when multiple messages are Telefax: sent simultaneously on the CAN bus. The main problem is that the bit, which tells if 018 – 471 30 00 the data field of the CAN message fits in a single message, has the greatest impact on a CAN message priority. Another problem is that the signal numbers have not been Hemsida: assigned in a consistent manner. A design proposal and an implementation are made.
    [Show full text]