Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees" IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees Proceedings e report 93 XIII Conference "Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees" IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01 September 4th – 10th 2011 Firenze – Auditorium di S. Apollonia S. Martino di Castrozza (TN) – Palazzo Sass Maor, Italy III Conference Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees IUFR orking Party 70201 edited by P Capretti, C Comparini, M arbelotto, N a Porta, Santini Firenze Firenze University Press, 2013 Proceedings e report 93 httpdigitalcasaliniit9788866553533 ISBN 9788866553526 print ISBN 9788866553533 online Progetto graco di Alberto Pizarro Fernández, Pagina Maestra snc This book was printed with contribution of Fondazione Edmund Mach and Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, PRIN program number 2008SBCC9S Cover photos and photos on pages 1, 65, 77, 115, 141, 173, 233 by Kari Korhonen Peer Review Process All publications are submitted to an external refereeing process under the responsibility of the FUP Editorial Board and the Scientic Committees of the individual series. The works published in the FUP catalogue are evaluated and approved by the Editorial Board of the publishing house. For a more detailed description of the refereeing process we refer to the ocial documents published in the online catalogue of the FUP (http://www.fupress.com). Firenze University Press Editorial Board G. Nigro (Co-ordinator), M.T. Bartoli, M. Boddi, R. Casalbuoni, C. Ciappei, R. Del Punta, A. Dol, V. Fargion, S. Ferrone, M. Garzaniti, P. Guarnieri, A. Mariani, M. Marini, A. Novelli, M. Verga, A. Zorzi. © 2013 Firenze University Press Università degli Studi di Firenze Firenze University Press Borgo Albizi, 28, 50122 Firenze, Italy http://www.fupress.com/ Printed in Italy Edited by Paolo Capretti, Cecilia Comparini, Matteo Garbelotto, Nicola La Porta, Alberto Santini. Paolo Capretti Università di Firenze Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy [email protected] Cecilia Comparini Università di Firenze Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Italy [email protected] Matteo Garbelotto University of California, Berkeley Department of Environmental Science, Police and Management – Ecosystem Science 137 Mulford Hall, 3114, Berkeley, CA, USA, 94720 [email protected] Nicola La Porta IASMA Centro per la Ricerca e l’Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach Dipartimento Agrosistemi Sostenibili e Biorisorse Via E. Mach 1, 38010, S. Michele all’Adige (TN), Italy [email protected] Alberto Santini Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – CNR – Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy [email protected] To cite this book: Capretti P., Comparini C., Garbelotto M., La Porta N., Santini A., (eds.). Proceeding of the XIII International Conference on Root and Butt Root of Forest Trees. Firenze (FI) – S. Martino di Castrozza (TN), Italy, 4th – 10th September 2012. University Press, Firenze, 2012. 280 pp. V Organizing Committee Paolo Capretti Nicola La Porta Università di Firenze IASMA Centro per la Ricerca e Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni l’Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente Dipartimento Agrosistemi Sostenibili e Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Biorisorse Italy Via E. Mach 1, 38010, S. Michele all’Adige [email protected] (TN), Italy [email protected] Cecilia Comparini Università di Firenze Matteo Garbelotto Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni University of California, Berkeley Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente Department of Environmental Science, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Firenze, Police and Management – Ecosystem Italy Science [email protected] 137 Mulford Hall, 3114, Berkeley, CA, USA, 94720 Alberto Santini [email protected] Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche – CNR Istituto per la Protezione delle Piante Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy [email protected] Scientific committee Paolo Capretti Matteo Garbelotto Nicola La Porta Alberto Santini Technical Committee Università di Firenze Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Agroalimentari e dell’Ambiente Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy Matteo Feducci Beatrice Ginetti Elisa Locandro Duccio Migliorini Alessia Pepori VI The XIII Conference "Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees" IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01, Firenze – Auditorium di S. Apollonia S. Martino di Castrozza (TN) – Palazzo Sass Maor, Italy was kindly supported by VII Table of contents SESSION 1 GENOMICS AND PLANT- PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 1 The Heterobasidion irregulare genome project Å. Olson, A. Aerts, F.O. Asiegbu, L. Belbahri, O. Bouzid, A. Broberg, B. Canbäck, P.M. Coutinho, D. Cullen, K. Dalman, G. Deflorio, L.T.A. van Diepen, C. Dunand, S. Duplessis, M. Durling, P. Gonthier, J. Grimwood, C.G. Fossdal, D. Hansson, B. Henrissat, A.M. Hietala, K. Himmelstrand, D. Hoffmeister, N. Högberg, T.Y. James, M. Karlsson, A. Kohler, U. Kües, Y.H. Lee, Y.C. Lin, M. Lind, E. Lindquist, V. Lombard, S. Lucas, K. Lundén, E. Morin, C. Murat, J. Park, T. Raffaello, P. Rouzé, A. Salamov, J. Schmutz, H. Solheim, J. Ståhlberg, H. Vélëz, R.P. de Vries, A. Wiebenga, S. Woodward, I. Yakovlev, M. Garbelotto, F. Martin, I.V. Grigoriev, J. Stenlid 3 Molecular studies of the Heterobasidion annosum s.l. Norway spruce pathosystem: local and systemic host defense responses C.G. Fossdal, N. Yaqoob, P. Krokene, A.M. Hietala, I. Yakovlev, H. Solheim 13 Gene expression and metabolism of phenolic compounds in Sitka spruce clones inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum G. Deflorio, G. Horgan, S. Woodward, C.G. Fossdal 17 Resistance responses of Picea abies to Heterobasidion parviporum in Southern Finland S.E. Keriö, M. Niemi, M. Haapanen, F.O. Asiegbu 22 Molecular characterization of the expression and regulation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) E. Jaber, S. Sooriyaarachchi, A. Sua´rez Covarrubias, W. Ubhayasekera, S.L. Mowbray, F.O. Asiegbu 26 Use of in vitro microcosm to validate the transcription pattern of two cysteine peptidases of Heterobasidion annosum H. Chen and F.O. Asiegbu 28 Molecular Analysis of Hydrophobins (Pgh1 and Pgh2) from the biological control fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea A. Mgbeahuruike, H. Chen, W. Ubhayasekera, F.O. Asiegbu 33 Comparing pathogenicity and virulence of Armillaria sinapina and Armillaria ostoyae and host response to invasion on three conifer species M. Cleary, B. van der Kamp, D. Morrison 37 454 sequencing of transcriptomes for virulent and non-virulent Armillaria ostoyae strains and identification of their secretomes G. Sipos, W. Qi, M. Künzli, M. Okoniewski, D. Rigling 40 IX P. Capretti, C. Comparini, M. Garbelotto, N. La Porta, A. Santini (edited by), XIII Conference Root and Butt Rot of Forest Trees IUFRO Working Party 7.02.01, ISBN 978-88-6655-352-6 (print), ISBN 978-88-6655- 353-3 (online) © 2013 Firenze University Press A genome-wide association study identifies genomic regions for virulence in Heterobasidion annosum s.s. K. Dalman, K. Himmelstrand, Å. Olson, M. Lind, M. Brandström-Durling, J. Stenlid 42 Terpenes as markers for relative resistance of Sitka spruce clones to Heterobasidion annosum V. Martini, S. Woodward, G. Deflorio, P. Capretti, M. Michelozzi 45 1H NMR fingerprinting detects defence response in Sitka spruce inoculated with Heterobasidion annosum G. Deflorio, G. Horgan, S. Woodward, M. Jaspars 48 Distribution of elements in the bark of Sitka spruce following wounding and inoculation with Heterobasidion annosum M. Siebold, P. Leidich, M. Bertini, G. Deflorio, J. Feldmann, E. Krupp, E. Halmschlager, S. Woodward 52 Comparative genomic analysis of rot fungi: insights into the evolution of specialized functions G. Emiliani, G. Sablok, N. La Porta 55 Multivariate analysis revealed translational selection and mutational bias in Heterobasidion irregulare- destructive fungal pathogen of conifers in the Boreal hemisphere G. Sablok, K.C. Nayak, E. Potenza, G. Emiliani, N. La Porta 58 Tree-ring as proxies of stress caused by Heterobasidion parviporum at three different mature stands in Trentino Y. Gori, F. Camin, P. Cherubini, N. La Porta 62 SESSION 2 SYSTEMATIC, TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGEOGRAPHY 65 Evolutionary history of the conifer root rot fungus Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato K. Dalman, Å. Olson, J. Stenlid 67 Species delimitation of Armillaria cepistipes and A. gallica in Central Europe M. Tomšovský, V. Antonin, P. Sedlák, L. Jankovsky 71 Species distribution and host spectrum of Heterobasidion annosum s.l. in the Czech Republic P. Sedlák and M. Tomšovský 74 X SESSION 3 ECOLOGY 77 Climate change effects on soil functionality and soil-plants interactions: practical approaches M.T. Ceccherini, N. Luchi, P. Capretti, G. Pietramellara 79 Consequences of climate warming on the activity of Heterobasidion parviporum in Finland M.M. Müller, R. Sievänen, E. Beuker, H. Meesenburg, N. La Porta, J. Ekojärvi, I. Pavlov, J. Hantula, K. Korhonen 82 Heterobasidion irregulare in central Italy: where have we got to? E. Motta, L. D’Amico, T. Annesi, M. Scirè 85 Heterobasidion annosum in coniferous ecosystems of Northern Spain N. Mesanza and E. Iturritxa 87 Susceptibility of stump heartwood and sapwood to Heterobasidion annosum s.l. infection in Norway spruce (Picea abies) J. Oliva, M. Bernat, J. Stenlid 93 Detection of Armillaria tabescens by bait method using old, freshly-cut logs and cherry seedlings Y. Ota, H. Onozato, Y. Kawabe 95 Survival of Heterobasidion
Recommended publications
  • Kretzschmaria Zonata (Lév.) P.M.D
    Nota de Investigación / Research Note Kretzschmaria zonata (Lév.) P.M.D. Martin, causante de la pudrición del cuello y la raíz de teca Kretzschmaria zonata (Lév.) P.M.D. Martin, causal agent of root and neck rot in teak David Cibrián Tovar1, Omar Alejandro Pérez Vera1, Silvia Edith García Díaz1, Rosario Medel Ortiz2 y José Cibrián Tovar3 Resumen En plantaciones forestales comerciales de Campeche, México, la pudrición de raíces en árboles de teca (Tectona grandis: Lamiaceae) es una enfermedad que causa una extensa mortalidad en individuos de 4 a 8 años de edad. En este trabajo se determinó el agente causal de la pudrición basal del cuello y raíz. En campo, se caracterizaron los síntomas y se recolectaron estromas jóvenes de ejemplares asintomáticos y enfermos de teca. Los árboles infectados reducen su crecimiento, y follaje reducido el cual es de color verde amarillento y con en cuello y raíz. En la base del tronco se forma un tejido calloso (faldón) y debajo hay un estroma de color café oscuro a negro y aspecto carbonoso. Se identificó a Kretzschmaria zonata, como el agente causal, sobre la corteza formando una placa estromática. En medio de cultivo papa-dextrosa-agar (PDA) se aisló su anamorfo, Geniculosporium. En PDA a 25 ± 2 °C, Geniculosporium crece en forma radial, con una coloración blanca a verde amarillenta a los 15 días, y tiñe el medio de cultivo de un color verde obscuro. Se registraron conidióforos hialinos, conidios hialinos y unicelulares de 4-5 (7) x 2-3 µm. Palabras clave: Árboles, estroma, Geniculosporium, plantaciones forestales comerciales, Tectona grandis L.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong
    Article Diversity, Abundance, and Distribution of Wood-Decay Fungi in Major Parks of Hong Kong Shunping Ding 1,2,* , Hongli Hu 2,3 and Ji-Dong Gu 2,4,* 1 Wine and Viticulture, California Polytechnic State University, 1 Grand Ave., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA 2 Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China; [email protected] 3 Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-Biological Disaster and Management, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China 4 Environmental Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou 515041, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.D.); [email protected] (J.-D.G.) Received: 15 August 2020; Accepted: 21 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Wood-decay fungi are one of the major threats to the old and valuable trees in Hong Kong and constitute a main conservation and management challenge because they inhabit dead wood as well as living trees. The diversity, abundance, and distribution of wood-decay fungi associated with standing trees and stumps in four different parks of Hong Kong, including Hong Kong Park, Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Garden, Kowloon Park, and Hong Kong Observatory Grounds, were investigated. Around 4430 trees were examined, and 52 fungal samples were obtained from 44 trees. Twenty-eight species were identified from the samples and grouped into twelve families and eight orders. Phellinus noxius, Ganoderma gibbosum, and Auricularia polytricha were the most abundant species and occurred in three of the four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • E-News Winter 2019/2020
    Winter e-newsletter December 2019 Photos Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contributions to our newsletters Dates for your Diary & Winter Workparties....2 Borage - Painted Lady foodplant…11-12 are always welcome. Scottish Entomological Gathering 2020 .......3-4 Lunar Yellow Underwing…………….13 Please use the contact details Obituary - David Barbour…………..………….5 Chequered Skipper Survey 2020…..14 below to get in touch! The Bog Squad…………………………………6 If you do not wish to receive our Helping Hands for Butterflies………………….7 newsletter in the future, simply Munching Caterpillars in Scotland………..…..8 reply to this message with the Books for Sale………………………...………..9 word ’unsubscribe’ in the title - thank you. RIC Project Officer - Job Vacancy……………9 Coul Links Update……………………………..10 VC Moth Recorder required for Caithness….10 Contact Details: Butterfly Conservation Scotland t: 01786 447753 Balallan House e: [email protected] Allan Park w: www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland Stirling FK8 2QG Dates for your Diary Scottish Recorders’ Gathering - Saturday, 14th March 2020 For everyone interested in recording butterflies and moths, our Scottish Recorders’ Gathering will be held at the Battleby Conference Centre, by Perth on Saturday, 14th March 2020. It is an opportunity to meet up with others, hear all the latest butterfly and moth news and gear up for the season to come! All welcome - more details will follow in the New Year! Highland Branch AGM - Saturday, 18th April 2020 Our Highlands & Island Branch will be holding their AGM on Saturday, 18th April in a new venue, Green Drive Hall, 36 Green Drive, Inverness, IV2 4EU. More details will follow on the website in due course.
    [Show full text]
  • Armillaria in Massachusetts Forests: Ecology, Species Distribution, and Population Structure, with an Emphasis on Mixed Oak Forests
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 5-13-2011 Armillaria in Massachusetts Forests: Ecology, Species Distribution, and Population Structure, with an Emphasis on Mixed Oak Forests Nicholas Justin Brazee University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Plant Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Brazee, Nicholas Justin, "Armillaria in Massachusetts Forests: Ecology, Species Distribution, and Population Structure, with an Emphasis on Mixed Oak Forests" (2011). Open Access Dissertations. 402. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/402 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARMILLARIA IN MASSACHUSETTS FORESTS: ECOLOGY, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION, AND POPULATION STRUCTURE, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON MIXED OAK FORESTS A Dissertation Presented by NICHOLAS JUSTIN BRAZEE Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 2011 Plant, Soil, and Insect Sciences i © Copyright by Nicholas Justin Brazee 2011 All Rights Reserved ii ARMILLARIA IN MASSACHUSETTS FORESTS: ECOLOGY, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION, AND POPULATION STRUCTURE,
    [Show full text]
  • A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella Species
    A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Printed in Eko-trykk A/S, Førde, Norway Printing date: 1. August 1995 ISBN 82-90724-14-4 ISSN 0802-4966 A Nomenclatural Study of Armillaria and Armillariella species (Basidiomycotina, Tricholomataceae) by Thomas J. Volk & Harold H. Burdsall, Jr. Synopsis Fungorum 8 Fungiflora - Oslo - Norway 6 Authors address: Center for Forest Mycology Research Forest Products Laboratory United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service One Gifford Pinchot Dr. Madison, WI 53705 USA ABSTRACT Once a taxonomic refugium for nearly any white-spored agaric with an annulus and attached gills, the concept of the genus Armillaria has been clarified with the neotypification of Armillaria mellea (Vahl:Fr.) Kummer and its acceptance as type species of Armillaria (Fr.:Fr.) Staude. Due to recognition of different type species over the years and an extremely variable generic concept, at least 274 species and varieties have been placed in Armillaria (or in Armillariella Karst., its obligate synonym). Only about forty species belong in the genus Armillaria sensu stricto, while the rest can be placed in forty-three other modem genera. This study is based on original descriptions in the literature, as well as studies of type specimens and generic and species concepts by other authors. This publication consists of an alphabetical listing of all epithets used in Armillaria or Armillariella, with their basionyms, currently accepted names, and other obligate and facultative synonyms.
    [Show full text]
  • First Report of the Root-Rot Pathogen, Armillaria Nabsnona, from Hawaii
    First Report of the Root-Rot Pathogen, Armillaria nabsnona, from Hawaii. J. W. Hanna, N. B. Klopfenstein, and M.-S. Kim, USDA Forest Service, RMRS, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 1221 South Main Street, Moscow, ID 83843. Plant Dis. 91:634, 2007; published online as doi:10.1094/PDIS-91-5-0634B. Accepted for publication 2 February 2007. The genus Armillaria (2) and Armillaria mellea sensu lato (3) have been The American Phytopathological reported previously from Hawaii. However, Armillaria species in Hawaii have Society (APS) is a non-profit, not been previously identified by DNA sequences, compatibility tests, or other professional, scientific organization dedicated to the methods that distinguish currently recognized taxa. In August 2005, Armillaria study and control of plant rhizomorphs and mycelial bark fans were collected from two locations on the diseases. island of Hawaii. Stands in which isolates were collected showed moderate to Copyright 1994-2007 heavy tree mortality and mycelial bark fans. Pairing tests (4) to determine The American Phytopathological vegetative compatibility groups revealed three Armillaria genets (HI-1, HI-7, Society and HI-9). Rhizomorphs of genet HI-1 were collected from both dead and healthy mature trees of the native ‘Ohia Lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha) approximately 27 km west of Hilo, HI (approximately 19°40'49"N, 155°19'24"W, elevation 1,450 m). Rhizomorphs of HI-7 and HI-9 were collected, respectively, from dead/declining, mature, introduced Nepalese alder (Alnus nepalensis) and from an apparently healthy, mature, introduced Chinese banyan (Ficus microcarpa) in the Waipi’o Valley (approximately 20°03'29"N, 155°37'35"W, elevation 925 m).
    [Show full text]
  • New Xylariaceae Taxa from Brazil
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Sydowia Jahr/Year: 2009 Band/Volume: 61 Autor(en)/Author(s): Pereira Jadergudson, Bezerra Jose Luiz, Rogers Jack D. Artikel/Article: New Xylariaceae taxa from Brazil. 321-325 ©Verlag Ferdinand Berger & Söhne Ges.m.b.H., Horn, Austria, download unter www.biologiezentrum.at New Xylariaceae taxa from Brazil Jadergudson Pereira1*, Jack D. Rogers2 & José Luiz Bezerra1 1 Departamento de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rod. Ilhéus-Itabuna km 16, Ilhéus, BA, 45662-900, Brazil 2 Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-6430 Pereira J., Rogers J. D. & Bezerra J. L. (2009) New Xylariaceae taxa from Bra- zil. – Sydowia 61 (2): 321–325. Taxonomic studies of xylariaceous fungi from Brazil revealed the following new taxa: Kretzschmaria aspinifera sp. nov., Stilbohypoxylon quisquiliarum var. microsporum var. nov., and Xylaria papulis var. microspora var. nov. Keywords: Kretzschmaria, Stilbohypoxylon, Xylaria. The latest taxonomic studies of Kretzschmaria, Stilbohypoxylon and Xylaria including Brazilian species were published by Rogers & Ju (1997, 1998), Petrini (2004), Pereira et al. (2008), and Trierveiller- Pereira et al. (2009). In this work we present a contribution to the knowledge of Brazil- ian Xylariaceae, proposing one new species and two new varieties. Materials and Methods Between 2007 to 2009, specimens of xylariaceous fungi were col- lected in areas of Atlantic Rain Forest in States of Bahia and Pernam- buco, Brazil. The teleomorphs were analyzed according to Ju & Rogers (1999) and Rogers & Ju (1997, 1998). The types were deposited in her- barium WSP and the descriptions registered in the MycoBank.
    [Show full text]
  • Published Version
    8 Damage to stems, branches and twigs of broadleaf woody plants M. Kacprzyk, I. Matsiakh, D.L. Musolin, A.V. Selikhovkin, Y.N. Baranchikov, D. Burokiene, T. Cech, V. Talgø, A.M. Vettraino, A. Vannini, A. Zambounis and S. Prospero 8.1. Root and stem rot Description: External, aboveground symptoms on individual trees are variable and may include suppressed growth, reduced vigour, discoloured or smaller than average-sized foliage, premature leaf shedding, branch dieback, crown thinning, bleeding lesions on the lower stem and root collar, wilting and eventual death of trees. It is common for root and butt rots to remain unnoticed until annual or perennial (conks) fruiting bodies appear on branches or the main trunk. Possible cause of damage: Oomycetes (water moulds: Figs. 8.1.1 – 8.1.3); Fungi: Basidiomycota (Figs. 8.1.4 – 8.1.7) and Ascomycota (Fig. 8.1.8). Fig. 8.1.1. Root collar of European beech Fig. 8.1.2. Stem of grey alder (Alnus (Fagus sylvatica) with a bleeding bark lesion incana) with bark lesion caused by an caused by an Oomycete (Phytophthora Oomycete (Phytophthora x alni). Tyrol, cambivora). Bavaria, Germany, TC. Austria, TC. ©CAB International 2017. Field Guide for the Identification of Damage on Woody Sentinel Plants (eds A. Roques, M. Cleary, I. Matsiakh and R. Eschen) Damage to stems, branches and twigs of broadleaf woody plants 105 Fig. 8.1.3. European chestnut (Castanea Fig. 8.1.4. Collar of European beech sativa) showing bark lesion caused by an (Fagus sylvatica) with fungal fruiting Oomycete (Phytophthora cinnamomi). bodies (Polyporus squamosus).
    [Show full text]
  • The Good, the Bad and the Tasty: the Many Roles of Mushrooms
    available online at www.studiesinmycology.org STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 85: 125–157. The good, the bad and the tasty: The many roles of mushrooms K.M.J. de Mattos-Shipley1,2, K.L. Ford1, F. Alberti1,3, A.M. Banks1,4, A.M. Bailey1, and G.D. Foster1* 1School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK; 2School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK; 3School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK; 4School of Biology, Devonshire Building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK *Correspondence: G.D. Foster, [email protected] Abstract: Fungi are often inconspicuous in nature and this means it is all too easy to overlook their importance. Often referred to as the “Forgotten Kingdom”, fungi are key components of life on this planet. The phylum Basidiomycota, considered to contain the most complex and evolutionarily advanced members of this Kingdom, includes some of the most iconic fungal species such as the gilled mushrooms, puffballs and bracket fungi. Basidiomycetes inhabit a wide range of ecological niches, carrying out vital ecosystem roles, particularly in carbon cycling and as symbiotic partners with a range of other organisms. Specifically in the context of human use, the basidiomycetes are a highly valuable food source and are increasingly medicinally important. In this review, seven main categories, or ‘roles’, for basidiomycetes have been suggested by the authors: as model species, edible species, toxic species, medicinal basidiomycetes, symbionts, decomposers and pathogens, and two species have been chosen as representatives of each category.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pest List by Host Tree and Reported Country
    Insect pest list by host tree and reported country Scientific name Acalolepta cervina Hope, 1831 Teak canker grub|Eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Teak-Jati Thailand Scientific name Amblypelta cocophaga Fruit spotting bug|eng Coconut Coreidae Hemiptera nutfall bug|Eng, Chinche del Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Agathis macrophylla Araucariaceae Kauri Solomon Islands Eucalyptus deglupta Myrtaceae Kamarere-Bagras Solomon Islands Scientific name Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky Asian longhorn beetle (ALB)|eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Paraserianthes falcataria Leguminosae Sengon-Albizia-Falcata-Molucca albizia- China Moluccac sau-Jeungjing-Sengon-Batai-Mara- Falcata Populus spp. Salicaceae Poplar China Salix spp. Salicaceae Salix spp. China 05 November 2007 Page 1 of 35 Scientific name Aonidiella orientalis Newstead, Oriental scale|eng Diaspididae Homoptera 1894 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Lovoa swynnertonii Meliaceae East African walnut Cameroon Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Melia indica-Neem Nigeria Scientific name Apethymus abdominalis Lepeletier, Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera 1823 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Other Coniferous Other Coniferous Romania Scientific name Apriona germari Hope 1831 Long-horned beetle|eng Cerambycidae
    [Show full text]
  • 64 Part I. Description and Backgrounds of a Polymorphism in the Pine Looper
    64 PART I. DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUNDS OF A POLYMORPHISM IN THE PINE LOOPER 1. THE OCCURRENCE OF A YELLOW-GREEN POLYMORPHISM IN PINE LOOPER CATERPILLARS IN THE NETHERLANDS 1.1. SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE OBJECTS OF STUDY The pine looper, or bordered white, is the only species of the genus Bupalus belonging to the lepidopterous family of the Geometridae. In Europe this moth has been an object of study since the last century, due to its being a very serious pest insect in some parts of the vast area in which it is found. Its food consists of needles of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. The adult has a wing span of 3.5-4.0 cm. The male is dark brown with white or cream patches on the wings. The female has a greyish brown or an orange brown ground colour. Her markings are more or less similar to those of the male, though less distinct. The eggs are green, about 1 mm long, oval, with a shallow depression at the upper side. The first two larval instars are yellowish green, the first instar having a brown head, and the second instar a yellowish brown head. From the third instar onwards the larvae are green, with several disruptive white or yellowish longitudinal stripes both on the body and the head. An extensive description of the larvae has been given by HERREBOUT, KUYTEN & DE RUITER (1963). The pupae are green during the first few days following pupation, after which they become dark brown. The species is univoltine. The moths emerge from the end of May to the end of June.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 90
    Norfolk Moth Survey c/o Natural History Dept., Castle Museum, Norwich, NR1 3JU Newsletter No.90 November 2016 INTRODUCTION With the flurry of activity through the latter part of the summer, it is easy to forget how cool, wet and frustrating the early part of the season often was. Opinion generally seems to suggest that, while the range of species seen was much to be expected, actual numbers of moths were down on the whole. However, one event during that early period brought the subject of moths to the attention of the media, both locally and nationally. This was the great invasion of Diamond- backed moths, Plutella xylostella, that took place at the very end of May and the first days of June. It would be no exaggeration to say that literally millions of these tiny moths arrived on these shores, with at least one commentator describing it as “...a plague of biblical proportion”. Several of us found ourselves answering queries and calls from a variety of sources in connection with this influx. Despite the dire warnings proffered by some sections of the media - and others, our cabbages weren’t totally obliterated as a result. In fact, the expected boost in numbers resulting from these original invaders breeding here, just didn’t seem to happen. In what might have otherwise been a distinctly average season, it is good to be able to report that twelve new species have been added to the Norfolk list this year. Amazingly, seven of these have been adventives, including one species new for the UK.
    [Show full text]