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Mineral Processing
Mineral Processing Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy 1st English edition JAN DRZYMALA, C. Eng., Ph.D., D.Sc. Member of the Polish Mineral Processing Society Wroclaw University of Technology 2007 Translation: J. Drzymala, A. Swatek Reviewer: A. Luszczkiewicz Published as supplied by the author ©Copyright by Jan Drzymala, Wroclaw 2007 Computer typesetting: Danuta Szyszka Cover design: Danuta Szyszka Cover photo: Sebastian Bożek Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Any part of this publication can be used in any form by any means provided that the usage is acknowledged by the citation: Drzymala, J., Mineral Processing, Foundations of theory and practice of minerallurgy, Oficyna Wydawnicza PWr., 2007, www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc ISBN 978-83-7493-362-9 Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................9 Part I Introduction to mineral processing .....................................................................13 1. From the Big Bang to mineral processing................................................................14 1.1. The formation of matter ...................................................................................14 1.2. Elementary particles.........................................................................................16 1.3. Molecules .........................................................................................................18 1.4. Solids................................................................................................................19 -
New Occurrence of Kruťaite and Petříčekite at the Former Uranium Mine Slavkovice, Western Moravia, Czech Republic
250 Bull Mineral Petrolog 26, 2, 2018. ISSN 2570-7337 (print); 2570-7345 (online) PŮVODNÍ PRÁCE/ORIGINAL PAPER New occurrence of kruťaite and petříčekite at the former uranium mine Slavkovice, western Moravia, Czech Republic Tomáš FLÉGR1)*, Jiří SeJkora2), Pavel Škácha2,3) and Zdeněk dolníček2) 1)Department of Geology, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno; *e-mail:[email protected] 2)Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, National Museum, Cirkusová 1740, 193 00 Prague 9 3)Mining Museum Příbram, Hynka Kličky place 293, 261 01 Příbram VI Flégr T, SeJkora J, Škácha P, dolníček Z (2018) New occurrence of kruťaite and petříčekite at the former uranium mine Slavkovice, western Moravia, Czech Republic. Bull Mineral Petrolog 26(2): 250-258. ISSN 2570-7337 Abstract Two rare copper diselenides, kruťaite and petříčekite, were found in two museum samples of vein fillings from the uranium mine Slavkovice, western Moravia (Czech Republic). Kruťaite occurs as small isometric isolated euhedral to subhedral zoned crystals enclosed and partly replaced by umangite. Petříčekite forms small elongated or isometric inclusions enclosed by kruťaite and other Cu-selenides. Optical data, Raman spectra and chemical composition of both phases are specified in this paper. Kruťaite contains elevated contents of Co (up to 0.15apfu ) and Ni (up to 0.09 apfu), whereas petříčekite is Ni-Co free and enriched in Fe (up to 0.25 apfu). Both phases seem to be the oldest selenides in the given assemblage, and are associated with umangite, athabascaite, eskebornite, klockmannite, bukovite, urani- nite, chalcopyrite, calcite and hematite. The studied ore assemblage originated at temperature not exceeding ca. -
Personal Body Ornamentation on the Southern Iberian Meseta: an Archaeomineralogical Study
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 5 (2016) 156–167 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jasrep Personal body ornamentation on the Southern Iberian Meseta: An archaeomineralogical study Carlos P. Odriozola a,⁎, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich b,c, Rodrigo Villalobos García c, José M. Martínez-Blanes d, Miguel A. Avilés e, Norberto Palomares Zumajo f, María Benito Sánchez g, Carlos Barrio Aldea h, Domingo C. Salazar-García i,j a Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain b Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain c Dpto. de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Centro asociado UNED-Ciudad Real, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Spain d Dpto. de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Antropología Social y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográficas, Universidad de Valladolid, Spain e Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Centro mixto Universidad de Sevilla—CSIC, Spain f Anthropos, s.l., Spain g Laboratorio de Antropología Forense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain h Archaeologist i Department of Archaeology, University of Capetown, South Africa j Departament de Prehistòria i Arqueologia, Universitat de València, Spain article info abstract Article history: Beads and pendants from the Castillejo del Bonete (Terrinches, Ciudad Real) and Cerro Ortega (Villanueva de la Received 22 June 2015 Fuente, Ciudad Real) burials were analysed using XRD, micro-Raman and XRF in order to contribute to the cur- Received in revised form 30 October 2015 rent distribution map of green bead body ornament pieces on the Iberian Peninsula which, so far, remain Accepted 14 November 2015 undetailed for many regions. -
Tyrrellite (Cu, Co, Ni)3Se4 C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
Tyrrellite (Cu, Co, Ni)3Se4 c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Cubic. Point Group: 4/m 32/m. Rounded grains and subhedral cubes. Physical Properties: Cleavage: {001}, poor. Fracture: Conchoidal. Tenacity: Brittle. Hardness = ∼3.5 VHN = 343–368 (100 g load). D(meas.) = n.d. D(calc.) = 6.6(2) Optical Properties: Opaque. Color: Pale bronze; pale brassy bronze in reflected light. Streak: Black. Luster: Metallic. R: (400) 41.8, (420) 42.6, (440) 43.5, (460) 44.4, (480) 45.0, (500) 45.5, (520) 45.9, (540) 46.3, (560) 46.5, (580) 46.8, (600) 47.0, (620) 47.3, (640) 47.5, (660) 47.6, (680) 47.8, (700) 48.0 Cell Data: Space Group: Fm3m. a = 10.005(4) Z = 8 X-ray Powder Pattern: Ato Bay, Canada. 1.769 (10), 2.501 (9), 2.886 (7), 3.016 (6), 1.926 (6), 5.780 (4), 3.537 (4) Chemistry: (1) (2) Cu 12.7 13.7 Co 17.7 11.6 Ni 6.9 12.0 Se 62.4 62.0 Total 99.7 99.3 (1) Beaverlodge district [sic; Goldfields district], Canada; by electron microprobe, corresponding to Cu1.01Co1.52Ni0.60Se4.00. (2) Hope’s Nose, England; by electron microprobe; corresponding to Cu1.10Ni1.04Co1.00Se4.00. Mineral Group: Linnaeite group. Occurrence: With other selenides, as the youngest hydrothermal replacements and open space fillings in sheared Precambrian rocks, which also contain uraninite deposits (Goldfields district, Canada). Association: Umangite, klockmannite, clausthalite, pyrite, hematite, chalcopyrite, chalcomenite (Ato Bay, Canada); berzelianite, eucairite, crookesite, ferroselite, bukovite, kruˇtaite, athabascaite, calcite, dolomite (Petrovice deposit, Czech Republic). -
Eskebornite, Two Canadian Occurrences
ESKEBORNITE,TWO CANADIAN OCCURRENCES D.C. HARRIS* am E.A.T.BURKE *r, AssrRAcr The flnt Canadian occurrenceof eskebomitefrom Martin Lake and the Eagle Groug Lake Athabaskaare4 Northern Saskatchewanis reported.Electron microprobe agalysesshow that the formula is cuFese2.The r-ray powdet difiraction pattems are identical to that of eskebornitefrom Tilkerode, Germany,the type locality, Eskeborniteocrurs as island remnantsin, and replac'edby,'u,rnangite'which occurs in pitchblendeores in t}le basa.ltof the Martin formaiion and in granitizedmafic rocls of the Eaglegroup. The mineral can be readily synthesizedat 500"e from pure elements in evacuatedsilica glasstubes, Reflectance and micro-indentationhardness in."r*u**o are given. IlvrnonucttoN Eskebomite, a copper iron selenide, was first discovered and namd by P. Ramdohr in 1949 while studying the selenide minerals from dre Tilkerode area, Harz Mountain, Germany. The mineral has also been reported from Sierra de Cacheuta and Sierra de lJmango, Argentina (Tischendorf 1960). More recentlyo other occurrences of eskebornite have been described: by Kvadek et al. (1965) in the selenide paragenesis at the slavkovice locality in the Bohemian and Moravian Highlands, czecho- slovakia; and by Agrinier et aI. (1967) in veins of pitchblende at Cha- m6anq Puy-de-D6me, France. Earley (1950) and Tischendorf (195g, 1960) made.observations on eskebornite from the Tilkerode locality, but, even today, certain data are still lacking in the characterization of eskebomitg in particular its crystal- lographic symmetry. The purpose of this paper is to record the first occurrence of eskebomite in Canada and to present electron microprobe analyses, reflectance and micro-indentation hardness measurements. GrNsRAr. -
Thirty-Seventh List of New Mineral Names. Part 1" A-L
Thirty-seventh list of new mineral names. Part 1" A-L A. M. CLARK Department of Mineralogy, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK AND V. D. C. DALTRYt Department of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Natal, Private Bag XO1, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa THE present list is divided into two sections; the pegmatites at Mount Alluaiv, Lovozero section M-Z will follow in the next issue. Those Complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia. names representing valid species, accredited by the Na19(Ca,Mn)6(Ti,Nb)3Si26074C1.H20. Trigonal, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral space group R3m, a 14.046, c 60.60 A, Z = 6. Names, are shown in bold type. Dmeas' 2.76, Dc~ac. 2.78 g/cm3, co 1.618, ~ 1.626. Named for the locality. Abenakiite-(Ce). A.M. McDonald, G.Y. Chat and Altisite. A.P. Khomyakov, G.N. Nechelyustov, G. J.D. Grice. 1994. Can. Min. 32, 843. Poudrette Ferraris and G. Ivalgi, 1994. Zap. Vses. Min. Quarry, Mont Saint-Hilaire, Quebec, Canada. Obschch., 123, 82 [Russian]. Frpm peralkaline Na26REE(SiO3)6(P04)6(C03)6(S02)O. Trigonal, pegmatites at Oleny Stream, SE Khibina alkaline a 16.018, c 19.761 A, Z = 3. Named after the massif, Kola Peninsula, Russia. Monoclinic, a Abenaki Indian tribe. 10.37, b 16.32, c 9.16 ,~, l~ 105.6 ~ Z= 2. Named Abswurmbachite. T. Reinecke, E. Tillmanns and for the chemical elements A1, Ti and Si. H.-J. Bernhardt, 1991. Neues Jahrb. Min. Abh., Ankangite. M. Xiong, Z.-S. -
Winter 1998 Gems & Gemology
WINTER 1998 VOLUME 34 NO. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS 243 LETTERS FEATURE ARTICLES 246 Characterizing Natural-Color Type IIb Blue Diamonds John M. King, Thomas M. Moses, James E. Shigley, Christopher M. Welbourn, Simon C. Lawson, and Martin Cooper pg. 247 270 Fingerprinting of Two Diamonds Cut from the Same Rough Ichiro Sunagawa, Toshikazu Yasuda, and Hideaki Fukushima NOTES AND NEW TECHNIQUES 281 Barite Inclusions in Fluorite John I. Koivula and Shane Elen pg. 271 REGULAR FEATURES 284 Gem Trade Lab Notes 290 Gem News 303 Book Reviews 306 Gemological Abstracts 314 1998 Index pg. 281 pg. 298 ABOUT THE COVER: Blue diamonds are among the rarest and most highly valued of gemstones. The lead article in this issue examines the history, sources, and gemological characteristics of these diamonds, as well as their distinctive color appearance. Rela- tionships between their color, clarity, and other properties were derived from hundreds of samples—including such famous blue diamonds as the Hope and the Blue Heart (or Unzue Blue)—that were studied at the GIA Gem Trade Laboratory over the past several years. The diamonds shown here range from 0.69 to 2.03 ct. Photo © Harold & Erica Van Pelt––Photographers, Los Angeles, California. Color separations for Gems & Gemology are by Pacific Color, Carlsbad, California. Printing is by Fry Communications, Inc., Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. © 1998 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved. ISSN 0016-626X GIA “Cut” Report Flawed? The long-awaited GIA report on the ray-tracing analysis of round brilliant diamonds appeared in the Fall 1998 Gems & Gemology (“Modeling the Appearance of the Round Brilliant Cut Diamond: An Analysis of Brilliance,” by T. -
The Turquoise-Chalcosiderite-Planerite
СПИСАНИЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКО ДРУЖЕСТВО, год. 80, кн. 3, 2019, с. 48–50 REVIEW OF THE BULGARIAN GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, vol. 80, part 3, 2019, p. 48–50 Национална конференция с международно участие „ГЕОНАУКИ 2019“ National Conference with international participation “GEOSCIENCES 2019” The turquoise-chalcosiderite-planerite solid-solution series in samples from Chala deposit, Eastern Rhodopes Тюркоаз-халкосидерит-планеритова серия от твърди разтвори в образци от находище Чала, Източни Родопи Yana Tzvetanova1, Louiza Dimowa1, Elena Tacheva1, Iskra Piroeva2, Ognyan Petrov1, Aleksandar Nikolov1 Яна Цветанова1, Луиза Димова1, Елена Тачева1, Искра Пироева2, Огнян Петров1, Александър Николов1 1 Institute of Mineralogy and Crystallography, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 107, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; E-mail: [email protected] 2 Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str., bl. 11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria Keywords: turquoise, chalcosiderite, planerite, crystal chemistry, phosphates. Introduction quoise was also reported from the Obichnik depos- it, Zvezdel-Pcheloyad ore field, Eastern Rhodopes The turquoise group, as redefined by Foord and (Kunov, Mandova, 1997). Taggart (1998), consists of 6 members: planerite, The present study aims to show the crystal chem- turquoise, faustite, aheylite, chalcosiderite and an istry of green mineral from the turquoise group from 2+ 3+ unnamed Fe –Fe analogue with the general for- Chala deposit (Spahievo ore field) with particular at- mula A0–1B6(PO4)4–x(PO3OH)x(OH)8 4H2O, where tention to planerite end-member that was approved 2+ x = 0–2. Blue turquoise has Cu at the A position and by the IMA CNMMN as a revalidated mineral in 3+ Al at the B position, whereas green⋅ chalcosiderite 1984. -
Minerals of Turquoise Group from Sândominic, Gurghiu Mts., Romania and from Parádfürdő, Mátra Mts., Hungary
Acta Mineralogica-Petrographica, Abstract Series, Szeged, Vol. 7, 2012 133 MINERALS OF TURQUOISE GROUP FROM SÂNDOMINIC, GURGHIU MTS., ROMANIA AND FROM PARÁDFÜRDŐ, MÁTRA MTS., HUNGARY SZAKÁLL, S.*, KRISTÁLY, F. & ZAJZON, N. Institute of Mineralogy and Geology, University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc-Egyetemváros, Hungary * E-mail: [email protected] 1) The Sândominic occurrence (Dorma Hill) is lo- with the sulphide-rich plutons at depth. This interaction cated in the southern termination of Gurghiu Mts, East- with Cu-Zn-Fe-rich sulphides produced acidic fluids ern Carpathians, Romania, in the vicinity (~5 km from with leached out ions (Cu-Zn-Fe), which were necessary Fagul Cetăţii deposit) of the Bălan copper ore minerali- to form turquoise group minerals. The source of phos- zation. The site is located on the contact of the Rebra phorus could be the hydrothermally altered rock- metamorphic limestones and Tulgheş Lithogroup. Tur- forming apatite. Here the turquoise mineral (Fig. 1) is a 2+ quoise (Fig. 1) was found as incrustations in a highly solid solution of aheylite (Fe ,Zn)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 • fractured and oxidized, quartz dominated part of a milo- 4H2O, faustite (Zn,Cu)Al6(PO4)4(OH)8 • 4H2O and nitic rock. In the cracks and voids of quartz it is associ- planerite Al6(PO4)2(PO3OH)2(OH)8 • 4H2O. Similar ated with goethite, occasionally with mm-size euhedral situation was already observed elsewhere (FOORD & quartz. Here the meteoric fluids permeated the meta- TAGGERT, 1998). The mineral appears as pale yellow- morphic rocks creating oxidizing environment, where ish brown hemispheres, up to 0.5 mm in diameter. -
Selenium Minerals and the Recovery of Selenium from Copper Refinery Anode Slimes by C
http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2411-9717/2016/v116n6a16 Selenium minerals and the recovery of selenium from copper refinery anode slimes by C. Wang*, S. Li*, H. Wang*, and J. Fu* and genesis of native selenium from Yutangba, #65'272 Enshi City, Hubei Province, China in 2004, and pointed out, from the different forms of native Since it was first identified in 1817, selenium has received considerable Se, that selenium can be interest. Native selenium and a few selenium minerals were discovered several decades later. With the increasing number of selenium minerals, activated,transformed, remobilized, and the occurrence of selenium minerals became the focus of much research. A enriched at sites such as in the unsaturated great number of selenium deposits were reported all over the world, subsurface zone or in the saturated zone (Zhu although few independent selenium deposits were discovered. Selenium is et al., 2005). The transport and deposition of obtained mainly as a byproduct of other metals, and is produced primarily selenium in felsic volcanic-hosted massive from the anode mud of copper refineries. This paper presents a compre- sulphide deposits of the Yukon Territory, hensive review of selenium minerals, as well as the treatment of copper Canada was studied and reported by Layton- refinery anode slimes for the recovery of selenium. Our focus is on the Matthews et al. (2005). selenium minerals, including their discovery and occurrence, and the Selenium is a comparatively rare and distribution of selenium resources. In addition, the main methods of greatly dispersed element. The average recovering selenium from copper anode slimes are summarized. -
Formation and Study of Copper and Indium Selenides Layers on Glass Using Selenopolythionate Acids
KAUNAS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ALGIMANTAS IVANAUSKAS FORMATION AND STUDY OF COPPER AND INDIUM SELENIDES LAYERS ON GLASS USING SELENOPOLYTHIONATE ACIDS Doctoral dissertation Physical Sciences, Chemistry (03P) 2018, Kaunas This doctoral dissertation was prepared at Kaunas University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Department of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry during the period of 2012–2017. Scientific Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ingrida ANCUTIENĖ (Kaunas University of Technology, Physical Sciences, Chemistry – 03P). Doctoral dissertation has been published in: http://ktu.edu English Language Editor: Dovilė Dumbrauskaitė (Publishing Office “Technologija”). Lithuanian Language Editor: Aurelija Gražina Rukšaitė (Publishing Office “Technologija”). © A. Ivanauskas, 2018 ISBN 978-609-02-1423-7 The bibliographical information of this issue is available at Martynas Mazvydas National Library of Lithuania National Bibliographic Database (NBD) KAUNO TECHNOLOGIJOS UNIVERSITETAS ALGIMANTAS IVANAUSKAS VARIO IR INDŽIO SELENIDŲ SLUOKSNIŲ ANT STIKLO GAVIMAS NAUDOJANT SELENOPOLITIONATŲ RŪGŠTIS Daktaro disertacija Fiziniai mokslai, chemija (03P) 2018, Kaunas Disertacija rengta 2012–2017 metais Kauno technologijos universiteto cheminės technologijos fakultete fizikinės ir neorganinės chemijos katedroje. Mokslinis vadovas: Prof. dr. Ingrida ANCUTIENĖ (Kauno technologijos universitetas, fiziniai mokslai, chemija – 03P). Interneto svetainės, kurioje skelbiama disertacija, adresas: http://ktu.edu Anglų kalbą redagavo: Dovilė Dumbrauskaitė (Leidykla -
D. C. Hannrs, L. J. Cabnr Ano E. J. Munnev
AN OCCURRENCEOF A SULPHUR.BEARINGBERZELIANITE D. C. Hannrs,L. J. CaBnrano E. J. Munnev M,ines Branch, Departm,ent of Energy, M'ines anil, Resources,Ottawa, Canad,a Berzelianite is a selenide of copper with the formula Cuz_"Se.The binary Cu-Se system has been investigated by a number of workers, the most recent of which are Earley (1950), Borchert & Patzak (Lg5b), Heyding (1966) and Bernardini & Catani (1968). From the phase diagram, the cubic Cuz-rSe phase has a very narrow homogeneity range at room temperature, centered at approximately Cur.aSe,within the limits 0.15 ( r { 0.25. To date, no one has reported on the stability relations in the ternary system Cu-S-Se. During an investigation of the selenide minerals from Martin Lake, I ake Athabasca area, northern Saskatchewan,in which a new copper selenide mineral, athabascaite was found (Harris et al,. Ig6g), electron microprobe analysis showed that some of the berzelianite contained sulphur. The purpose of this paper is to report this first occurrenceof a naturally-occurring sulphur-bearing berzelianite. Gnnpnel DBscnrprrox The most common selenidesfrom the Martin Lake locality are uman- gite, berzelianite and clausthalite. Other minor selenides are klock- mannite, eucairite, tyrrellite, eskeborniteand athabascaite.The selenides occur in pitchblende ore and in hematite-stained carbonate vein material in the basalt of the Martin formation. The berzelianite that occursin the pitchblende ore is sulphur-free and it occurs as inclusions in, and replace- ments of, umangite. The sulphur-bearing berzelianite occurs as stringers and veinlets in the vein material. The mineral is associatedwith atha- bascaite, which in this environment is also sulphur-bearing, and with minor umangite.