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Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Berdasarkan Metode Eva Studi Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Bei) Tahun 2013

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Analisis Kinerja Keuangan Berdasarkan Metode Eva Studi Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi Yang Tercatat Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (Bei) Tahun 2013 Vol. 3. No. 1, Juni 2015 Ekuitas – Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi ANALISIS KINERJA KEUANGAN BERDASARKAN METODE EVA STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN TELEKOMUNIKASI YANG TERCATAT DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA (BEI) TAHUN 2013 Ni Made Tatsani Widi Arini Jurusan Pendidikan Ekonomi Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) nilai NOPAT pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi yang telah tercatat di BEI tahun 2013, (2) nilai biaya modal pada perusahaan telekomunikasi yang telah tercatat di BEI tahun 2013, (3) kinerja keuangan perusahaan telekomunikasi yang telah tercatat di BEI tahun 2013 ditinjau dengan metode EVA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode dokumentasi dan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis EVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) nilai NOPAT PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. adalah Rp 20.987.000.000.000,00, PT Indosat Tbk. sebesar Rp 841.838.000.000,00, PT Smartfren Tbk. sebesar Rp -1.784.682.909.136,00, PT XL Axiata Tbk. sebesar Rp 1.301.438.000.000,00, PT Bakrie Telecom sebesar Rp 27.320.180.033,00. (2) Biaya modal untuk PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. sebesar Rp 10.284.848.546.016,00, PT Indosat Tbk. sebesar Rp 3.273.701.158.489,00, PT Smartfren Tbk. sebesar Rp 790.441.706.857,00, PT XL Axiata sebesar Tbk. Rp 1.670.800.564.235,00, dan biaya modal PT Bakrie Telecom sebesar Rp 196.585.006.260,00. (3) Hasil analisis EVA menunjukkan PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. memililki nilai EVA>0, ini berarti kinerja keuangan perusahaan telah mampu menciptakan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan. Sedangkan PT Smartfren Tbk., PT Indosat Tbk., PT XL Axiata Tbk., dan PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. memiliki nilai EVA<0, ini menunjukkan bahwa kinerja keuangan perusahaan belum mampu menciptakan nilai tambah bagi perusahaan. Kata Kunci: Biaya Modal, Economic Value Added (EVA), Kinerja Keuangan, Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT). ABSTRACT This research is purpose to understand, (1) the value of NOPAT in the Telecommunications Companies have been listed on BEI in 2013, the value of the cost of capital on a telecommunications companies that have been listed on BEI in 2013, (3) the financial performance of telecommunications companies have been listed on BEI in 2013 revised using EVA method. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. Data collected by documentation method then analyzed using EVA. The result shows (1) the value of NOPAT PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. is IDR 20.987.000.000.000, PT Indosat Tbk. IDR 841.838.000.000, PT Smartfren Tbk. IDR -1.784.682.909.136, PT XL Axiata Tbk. IDR 1.301.438.000.000, PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. IDR 27.320.180.033. (2) The cost of capital for PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. is IDR 10.284.848.546.016, PT Indosat Tbk. IDR 3.273.701.158.489, PT Smartfren Tbk. IDR 790 441 706 857, PT XL Axiata Tbk. IDR 1.670.800.564.235, and the cost of capital of PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. is IDR 196.585.006.260. (3) The results of EVA analysis indicate PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia Tbk. had EVA> 0, this indicates that the financial performance of the company has been able to create added value for the company. Meanwhile, PT Smartfren Tbk. , PT Indosat Tbk., PT XL Axiata Tbk. and PT Bakrie Telecom Tbk. have a value of EVA <0, this indicates that the company's financial performance has not been able to create added value for the company. Keyword: Capital of cost, Economic Value Added (EVA), Finance Performance, Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT). 74 | Ni Made Tatsani Widi Arini Vol. 3. No. 1, Juni 2015 Ekuitas – Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi PENDAHULUAN Perkembangan industri penyusunan rencana usaha telekomunikasi tahun 2013 mencapai perusahaan serta keputusan yang akan growth Industry sebesar 7 – 12%, hal ini diambil untuk masa yang akan datang menandakan bahwa pasar ini terus demi kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. bertumbuh baik dalam hal jumlah Bagi investor penialain kinerja pelanggan dan jumlah revenue yang keuangan sangat berperan dalam didapat dari operator telekomunikasi. Di menilai tingkat kesehatan keuangan Indonesia terdapat lima perusahaan perusahaan dan kondisi sebenarnya yang bergerak di bidang operator suatu perusahaan. Penilaian kinerja telekomunikasi yang telah tercatat di keuangan dilakukan agar modal yang Bursa Efek Indonesia. Perusahaan diinvestasikan cukup aman dan tersebut yaitu, PT. Telekomunikasi Tbk, mendapatkan tingkat hasil PT XL Axiata Tbk, PT Indosat Tbk, PT pengembalian yang menguntungkan Smartfren Tbk, dan PT Bakrie Telekom dari investasi yang ditanamkan investor. Tbk. Persaingan ke-lima industri ini Penilaian kinerja keuangan sudah mencapai posisi zero sum game, dilakukan dengan menganalisis laporan yang artinya ketika satu operator keuangan yang telah dibuat oleh tumbuh maka akan memangsa pangsa perusahaan. Menurut Warsono (2003), pasar operator telekomunikasi lainnya. metode analisis laporan keuangan Besarnya persaingan yang terjadi di perusahaan yang umum digunakan saat antara kelima perusahaan ini, memaksa ini yaitu, analisis rasio keuangan, para investor untuk lebih selektif dalam metode Economic Value Added (EVA), memilih perusahaan yang akan analisis balance scorecard, dan analisis dijadikan tempat untuk menanamkan RADAR. Pengukuran kinerja keuangan modalnya. perusahaan yang sering tercantum Investor dalam memutuskan dalam laporan keuangan perusahaan untuk menginvestasikan dananya di yang dipublikasikan untuk investor pasar modal, terlebih dahulu menilai adalah analisis rasio berupa current kinerja keuangan perusahaan yang ratio, Earning per Share (EPS), Return akan dijadikan tempat untuk On Investment (ROI), dan Return On berinvestasi. “Kinerja keuangan adalah Equity (ROE). Pengukuran kinerja penentuan ukuran-ukuran tertentu yang dengan menggunakan ROI, EPS, dan dapat mengukur keberhasilan suatu ROE dalam operasionalnya organisasi atau perusahaan dalam menggunakan data yang bersifat menghasilkan laba” (Sawir, 2005:4). historis dan kurang memperhatikan Dengan melakukan penilaian kinerja, adanya tingkat risiko investasi yang maka akan diperoleh informasi berkaitan dengan biaya modal yang mengenai kondisi dan posisi keuangan harus ditanggung oleh pemiliki modal itu perusahaan (Sawir, 2005). Sumber data sendiri (Sawir, 2005). Pengukuran yang yang dapat digunakan investor dalam belum memperhitungkan adanya unsur menilai kinerja keuangan perusahaan biaya modal sendiri atas laba yang dapat dianalisis melalui laporan dihasilkan akan mengakibatkan keuangan yang telah dibuat perusahaan pelaporan laba tidak menunjukkan laba sesuai dengan kaidah standar yang sebenarnya, karena untuk penyusunan laporan keuangan yang menghitung laba riil perusahaan harus telah ditetapkan. menghitung biaya modal baik itu modal Menurut Sawir (2005), penilaian sendiri maupun modal yang dibiayai kinerja keuangan perusahaan dari hutang. diperlukan untuk menentukan Penilaian kinerja keuangan yang keberhasilan dalam mencapai tujuan biasanya digunakan sebagaimana yang perusahaan. Pihak manajemen dipaparkan di atas, dirasa belum cukup perusahaan melakukan penilaian oleh pihak manajemen perusahaan kinerja untuk membantu dalam maupun bagi investor. Pihak 75 | Ni Made Tatsani Widi Arini Vol. 3. No. 1, Juni 2015 Ekuitas – Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi manajemen perusahaan belum yakin Berdasarkan uraian di atas, bahwa perusahaan telah mampu maka penulis tertarik untuk mengetahui menciptakan nilai tambah perusahaan, kinerja perusahaan telekomunikasi yang sedangkan bagi investor penilaian tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dikaji tersebut belum bisa dipergunakan untuk dengan metode Economic Value Added memprediksi pengembalian modal yang (EVA). Dengan demikian penulis akan diperoleh di masa yang akan mengangkat judul penelitian “Analisis datang telah sesuai dengan yang Kinerja Keuangan Berdasarkan Metode diharapkan. Untuk menanggulangi Economic Value Added (EVA) Studi kelemahan dari analisis rasio yang telah Pada Perusahaan Telekomunikasi yang digunakan, maka dapat diterapkan Tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun analisis EVA (Economic Value Added) 2013”. yang dapat memberikan informasi nilai tambah yang dimiliki perusahaan. METODE Informasi nilai tambah perusahaan ini Penelitian ini termasuk dalam akan lebih meyakinkan investor untuk penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan menanamkan modalnya pada kuantitatif. Penelitian ini memaparkan perusahaan. kinerja keuangan perusahaan Metode Economic Value Added telekomunikasi yang telah tercatat di (EVA) adalah salah satu cara dalam Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2013 menilai kinerja keuangan yang lebih yang dikaji dengan analisis EVA. Data memfokuskan pada nilai tambah dari yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini suatu investasi (Sawir, 2005). EVA berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan, memberikan tolak ukur seberapa jauh harga saham masing-masing perusahaan telah mampu memberikan perusahaan, tingkat suku bunga SBI, nilai tambah kepada pemegang saham dan IHSG tahun 2013 dari masingn- dalam satu tahun. Sawir (2005) masing perusahaan telekomunikasi menyatakan, EVA dapat diperoleh yang sudah tercatat di Bursa Efek dengan mengurangi laba bersih Indonesia (BEI), data yang diperoleh sebelum pajak dan bunga dengan biaya dapat memberikan gambaran tentang modal yang dimiliki perusahaan. EVA penilaian kinerja keuangan dengan yang positif menunjukkan bahwa menggunakan metode Economic Value manajemen perusahaan berhasil Added (EVA). Subjek dalam penelitian meningkatkan nilai perusahaan. ini adalah perusahaan telekomunikasi Lima perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia telekomunikasi yang
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