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Floristic Diversity of Delhi, India: a Checklist

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Floristic Diversity of Delhi, India: a Checklist International Journal of Herbal Medicine 2015; 3(4): 08-18 E-ISSN: 2321-2187 P-ISSN: 2394-0514 Floristic diversity of Delhi, India: A checklist IJHM 2015; 3(4): 08-18 Received: 15-08-2015 Accepted: 16-09-2015 Anand Kumar Mishra, Maheshwar Prasad Sharma, Harbhajan Singh Anand Kumar Mishra Department of Botany, Jamia Abstract Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New The present work has been carried out to collect information about different plant species in Flora of Delhi-110062, India. Delhi. During the present investigation, 377 genera and 551 species belonging to 90 angiospermic families have been recorded. The ratio of species belonging to monocots to Dicots is 1:4.34, of genera Maheshwar Prasad Sharma 1.3.83 and of families 1.5.42. The Fabaceae and Poaceae are the largest families in Dicots and Monocots Department of Botany, Jamia respectively. Update nomenclature has been provoded. Basionyms and synonyms have been avoided for Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New economy of space. The study also reveals that the ecological balance is being harmed due to rapid rise in Delhi-110062, India. human population, industrialization and stress on natural resources for its maximum utilization. Harbhajan Singh National Institute of Science Keywords: Floristic diversity, plant species, Delhi Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR) Dr. K. S. 1. Introduction K. Marg, New Delhi-110012, India. Floristic diversity refers to the variety and variability of plants in a given region. It refers to the number of types or taxa in a given region or group. Floristic diversity can be measured at any level from overall global diversity to ecosystem, community, species, populations, individuals and even to genes within a single individual. Floristic studies also help us to understand the basic aspects of biology such as speciation, isolation, endemism and evolution. A lot of ecological factors, mostly biotic, change the floristic components. The total number of species may be changed; dominant species may be replaced with other species; the floristic composition, i.e.; family: genus: species ratio may be changed [15]. The world flora consisted 2, 50,000 angiospemic species while Indian flora contained 17,527 flowering species [4]. India is one of the 12 mega diversity centers of the world where Western Ghats and the Eastern Himalayan region constitute 2 of the 25 biodiversity hotspots representing a storehouse of [13, 14] several promising economically important plants . Floristic diversity of a habitat contains wild species and genetic variation useful in the development of agriculture, medicines and industry [25]. Delhi ridge and Yamuna River and its bank are very important part of Delhi flora. Delhi Ridge is an extension of Aravallis-The Oldest Mountain chain in India. This extends into Delhi from Haryana at Tughlakabad Bhatti mines- Dera Mandi axis moving north, covering parts of Delhi Cantt., Lutyen’s Zone and culminating at Delhi University. Delhi Ridge and Yamuna River banks are home of many wild plant species of flora of Delhi. Late Dr. J. K. Maheshwari had been explored the Flora of Delhi in 1950 and published 478 species in his book ‘The Flora of Delhi’ [9]. After Late Dr. Maheshwari, there was no serious attempt to study the floristic diversity of Delhi as evidenced by few published reports sush as, [2] [17] [26, 27] (Dakshini and Vijayaraghavan ; Raizada, ; Viswanathan et al., ; Viswanathan and Singh, [28]; Sharma and Ahmed, [18, 19, 20, 22] ; Sharma, [21, 23, 24]; Lal, [8] ; Kumar and Yadav [6]; Naithani et al., [15]; Mishra et al., [11, 12]. The present study aims to highlight the floristic diversity of herbs, shrub, trees, grasses, climbers, sedge and parasites of Delhi region. Study Area The National capital territory of Delhi is a narrow strip of the indo-gangetic plains which occupies characteristic position between Thar Desert, Aravali range and the Himalayas. The tract is located in the northwest indogangetic plains [6]. It comes under transgangetic plains region. Delhi is located in northern India between the latitudes of 28°-24'-17” and 28°-53'-00” North and longitudes of 76°-50'-24” and 77°-20'-37” East (fig. 1). Delhi shares borders with Correspondence: the States of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana. Delhi has an area of 1,483 sq. Kms. Its maximum Anand Kumar Mishra length is 51.90 kms and greatest width is 48.48 kms [3]. Monsoon arrives in Delhi in the last Department of Botany, Jamia week of June or first week of July. The average annual rainfall in is 66.6 cm. Delhi contains Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New mean annual maximum temperature is 46 0C as well minimum is 40 C due to which December Delhi-110062, India. ~ 8 ~ International Journal of Herbal Medicine is coldest and June is hottest month. The Ridge of Delhi and Yamuna River flows 48 km2 in Delhi region and occupied 97 its neighbouring hill tacts represent the charcterstic, natural km2 of total geographical of this very important historicial and flora of the state, which is a tropical, thorny, secondary, Forest, political state of India commonly known as ‘rakhs’ or an arid, open, scrub forest [9]. Fig 1: Map of Study Area 2. Methodology with 76 families, 299 genera and 448 species whereas During the investigation regular field trips were undertaken in monocots are represented with 14 families, 78 genera and 103 monsoon, late monsoon, winter and summer due to the species (fig. 2). Fabceae with 75 species is the most dominant availability of different plants in the seasons. The plant family followed by Poaceae, Asteraceae, Malvaceae specimens were collected during different reproductive stages Amaranthaceae, Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae, and after their authentication, herbarium specimen was Euphorbiaceae, and Lamiaceae (fig. 3). Herbs were the most prepared. The plants were indentified with help of the help of dominant followed by shrubs, trees, grasses, climbers, sedges, The Flora of Delhi [9] and Illustrations of the Flora of Delhi and parasites (fig. 4). Among the genera, Euphorbia is the [10], Flora of Haryana [7], Flora of North Western Himalaya [5], most dominant genus represented by 12 species in Delhi flora. Herbaceous flora of Dehradun [1]; Final identification of the Other major genera include Heliotropium, Hibiscus, Sida, collected specimens was done by Prof. M. P. Shrama, Dept. of Solanum, Eragrostis, Corchorus, Acacia, Brachiaria, Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi and Dr. H.B. Singh, Panicum, Saccharum, Ficus, Indigofera, Echinochloa, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Cyperus and Ipomoea, each represented by four or more than Resources (NISCAIR), New Delhi. Each plant has been four species (fig. 5). Furthermore, 41 families found were arranged as per Bentham and Hooker’s System of monogeneric and 31 were monospecific. Checklist of plant classification. Nomenclature update of the specimens was species with their scientific name, family, habit and local based on the basis of Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) name(s) is given (Table 1). classification (2009). The genera in a family and species in genus are arranged alphabetically. Each plant has been 4. Acknowledgements arranged as per Bentham and Hooker’s System of Authors are thankful to the National institute of science classification. The genera in a family and species in genus are communication and information resources, New Delhi for arranged alphabetically. The plant species includes scientific plant identification process. Authors are also thankful to UGC name, local name (s), family and habit. for financial assistance during the study. 3. Results and discussion Delhi occupies a floral diversity of 377 genera and 551 species belonging to 90 angiospermic families. Dicots are represented ~ 9 ~ International Journal of Herbal Medicine Table 1: Checklist of Plant diversity of the study area S.No. Plant Name Family Habit Local Name 1 Ranunculus sceleratus L. Ranunculaceae Herb ‘Jaldhania’ 2 Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites Annonaceae Tree ‘Ashok’ 3 Cissampelos pareira L. Menispermaceae Shrub ‘Patal ki bel’, ‘Nirbsi’, ‘Jaljamini’ 4 Cocculus pendulus (J.R. & G. Frost) Diels Menispermaceae Shrub 5 Cocculus hirsutus (L.) W.Theob. Menispermaceae Shrub ‘Khareta ki bel’,‘Chiretta’ 6 Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers Menispermaceae Climber ‘Gulel’ 7 Nymphaea alba L. Nymphaeaceae Herb ‘Kamal’ 8 Argemone mexicana L. Papaveraceae Herb ‘Unkatera’,‘Kateli’, ‘Kandiari’ 9 Fumaria indica (Hausskn.) Pugsley Papaveraceae Herb ‘Papra’, ‘Pitpapada’ 10 Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik Brassicaceae Herb 11 Farsetia stylosa R. Br. Brassicaceae Herb 12 Lepidium didymium L. Brassicaceae Herb ‘Jangli hala’, ‘Halo’ ‘Panacholi’ 13 Lepidium sativum L. Brassicaceae Herb ‘Hala’, ‘Taraeji’,‘Alsa’ 14 Rorippa Indica (L.) Hiern. Brassicaceae Herb 15 Sisymbrium irio L. Brassicaceae Herb 16 Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. Capparaceae Tree ‘Karil’,‘Kair’,‘Karel’ 17 Capparis sepiaria L. Capparaceae Shrub ‘Heens’ 18 Capparis zeylanica L. Capparaceae Shrub 19 Crateva nurvala Buch.-Ham. Capparaceae Shrub ‘Berna’ 20 Maerua arenaria Hook. Capparaceae Shrub 21 Cleome gynandra L. Cleomaceae Herb ‘Hulhul’ 22 Cleome viscosa L. Cleomaceae Herb ‘Hulhul’ 23 Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl ex Hornem.) J. F. Macbr Resedaceae Herb 24 Polycarpaea corymbosa (L.) Lam. Caryophyllaceae Herb 25 Polycarpon prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. Caryophyllaceae Herb 26 Spergula arvensis L. Caryophyllaceae Herb ‘Muchmuchia’, ‘Khandidal’ 27 Stellaria media (L.) Vill. Caryophyllaceae Herb ‘Safed-phul-kee’, ‘Buchbucha’, ‘Pani’ 28 Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.)
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