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A Taxonomic Study on the Angiosperm Flora of Trishal Upazila, Mymensingh

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Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sco. 22(1): 63-74, 2013 (January)

A TAXONOMIC STUDY ON THE ANGIOSPERM FLORA OF
TRISHAL UPAZILA, MYMENSINGH

M. OLIUR RAHMAN* AND MD. TAUHIDUL ALAM

Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh

Key words: Floristics, Taxonomy, Angiosperms, Trishal, Bangladesh

Abstract

Trishal Upazila has been floristically explored to make an inventory, identify and document the angiosperm flora. A total of 209 species under 171 genera and 69 families have been identified. Magnoliopsida (Dicots) is represented by 163 species distributed in 133 genera and 54 families, and Liliopsida (Monocots) is constituted by 46 species under 38 genera and 15 families. In Magnoliopsida Asteraceae with 12 species and in Liliopsida Poaceae with 11 species is found as the largest family. The genus Ficus and the genus Fimbristylis stand the first position, respectively in dicots and monocots. Herbs are represented by 124 species, shrubs by 36 species and trees by 49 species.

Introduction

Under the auspices of the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD), the importance of taxonomy and floristic studies has been recognized recently by the Parties (i.e. the signatory countries), who recognized that the combination of inadequate taxonomic knowledge, the shortage of systematists and the inadequacy of sampling, collections, and infrastructure constituted a taxonomic impediment. In order to implement the CBD, the need for taxonomic and floristic knowledge as a means of underpinning biodiversity

(1)

conservation is now widely accepted by governments .

2

Trishal with an area of 338.98 km is one of the important Upazilas of Mymensingh district and is bounded on the north by Mymensingh Sadar Upazila, on the east by Goforgaon Upazila, on the south by Bhaluca Upazila and on the west by Fulbaria Upazila. The Upazila consists of 12 unions, namely Amirabari, Bailar, Balipara, Dhanikhola, Harirampur, Kanihari, Kanthal, Modbari, Mukshapur, Rampur, Sakhua and Trishal proper. Trishal Upazila has the same climatic condition as other parts of the district. The monthly minimum temperature of the area ranges from 11.7 to 26.6ºC, while the maximum temperature varies from 24.0 to 32.4ºC. The annual rainfall of the area is approximately 2,095 mm. Monthly average relative humidity varies from 74 to 87%

(2)

throughout the year . The Upazila provides different types of habitats and ecosystems

*Author for correspondence: <[email protected]>.

64

RAHMAN AND ALAM

including wetland, cultivated land, char, homestead area, scrub jungles, fallow lands etc. which offer luxuriant formation of angiosperm flora that play an important role in the local economy, environment and primary health care system.
The importance of studying floristic diversity in Bangladesh has long been realized.
In the recent years several attempts have been made on floristic studies in different parts

  • (3-4)
  • (5-7)

  • of the country
  • including some protected areas . However, no floristic study on

Trishal Upazila has been carried out so far. The main objectives of the present study are to explore, identify and document the angiosperms including both wild and cultivated species of Trishal Upazila.

Materials and Methods

The work is based on fresh materials collected from Trishal Upazila during five botanical expeditions from October, 2011 to September, 2012 covering all seasons. Plant specimens were collected from different areas of the Upazila and processed using

(8)

standard herbarium techniques . The collected specimens have been critically studied and examined at the Department of Botany, University of Dhaka. Identifications were confirmed by matching the identified specimens housed at Dhaka University Salar Khan

(9-16)

Herbarium (DUSH), and by consulting standard floras and recent literatures . Voucher specimens have been deposited in DUSH.

Results and Discussion

A total of 209 species distributed under 171 genera and 69 families have been identified from Trishal Upazila. The species along with the family name, local name and habit are listed in Table 1. Magnoliopsida is represented by 163 species under 133 genera and 54 families, while Liliopsida by 46 species distributed in 38 genera and 15 families. Herbs are represented by 124 species (59%), shrubs by 36 species (17%) and trees by 49 species (24%).
The number of species in 69 families varies from 1 to 12. Asteraceae with 12 species under 11 genera is the largest family in Mangnoliopsida, which is followed by Fabaceae with 9 species under 6 genera. In Liliopsida Poaceae appears to be the largest family consisting of 11 species and 10 genera, and followed by Araceae with 8 species distributed in 7 genera. Ten largest families in the flora of Trishal Upazila along with the number of genera and species are shown in Fig. 1. These ten families comprise 81 species that represent about 39% of the total species identified. The remaining 59 families with a total 128 species represent 61% of the total.
In Magnoliopsida, 18 families (viz., Basellaceae, Bombacaceae, Brassicaceae,
Caryophyllaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Lauraceae, Leeaceae, Menyanthaceae, Moringaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Oxalidaceae, Passifloraceae, Rhamnaceae, Sphenocleaceae and Tiliaceae) are represented by single species.

Table 1. List of species in Trishal Upazila along with family name, local name, habit and voucher specimen.

No. 1

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Sterculiaceae Malvaceae
Local name Ulotkombol Potari
Habit Shrub Herb Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 116 (DUSH) Tauhid 167 (DUSH) Tauhid 312 (DUSH) Tauhid 370 (DUSH) Tauhid 191 (DUSH) Tauhid 163 (DUSH) Tauhid 399 (DUSH) Tauhid 338 (DUSH) Tauhid 331 (DUSH) Tauhid 121 (DUSH) Tauhid 181 (DUSH) Tauhid 89 (DUSH) Tauhid 19 (DUSH) Tauhid 204 (DUSH) Tauhid 355 (DUSH) Tauhid 108 (DUSH) Tauhid 37 (DUSH) Tauhid 230 (DUSH) Tauhid 243 (DUSH) Tauhid 267 (DUSH) Tauhid 288 (DUSH) Tauhid 377 (DUSH) Tauhid 21 (DUSH) Tauhid 227 (DUSH) Tauhid 411 (DUSH) Tauhid 412 (DUSH) Tauhid 334 (DUSH)

Abroma augusta (L.) L. f.

2

Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. Achyranthes aspera L.

  • 3
  • Mimosaceae

Amaranthaceae Asteraceae Mimosaceae Araceae
Akashmoni

  • Apang
  • 4
  • Herb

Herb Tree
5

Ageratum conyzoides L.

Fulkuri
6

Albizia niopoides (Spruce ex Benth.) Burkart Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott A. macrorrhizos (L.) G. Don Aloe vera (L.) Brum. f.

Gogon shirish Salukachu Mankachu Gritokumari Tara

  • 7
  • Herb

Herb Herb Herb Tree

  • 8
  • Araceae

  • 9
  • Aloaceae

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) B. L. Burtt. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br. Alternanthera paronichyoides A. St.- Hil. A. sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. Amaranthus dubius  Mart. ex Thell. A. spinosus L.

Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Amaranthaceae Lamiaceae
Chatim Jhulikhata Chanchi
Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree
Not known Kantanotey Notey shak Thokma

A. viridis L. Anisomeles indica (L.) O. Kuntze Annona reticulata L.

Annonaceae Meliaceae
Nona

Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall.) R. Parker Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Boj. Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. A. lakucha  Buch.- Ham.

  • Royna
  • Tree

Convolvulaceae Moraceae
Bara dudhi Kanthal
Herb Tree

  • Moraceae
  • Deua
  • Tree

Axonopus compressus (Swartz) P. Beauv. Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Bambusa balcooa Roxb.

  • Poaceae
  • Ghoradubo har

Neem
Herb

  • Tree
  • Meliaceae

  • Poaceae
  • Barakbans

Bans
Herb Herb Herb

B. bambos (L.) Voss

Poaceae

Basella alba  L.

  • Basellaceae
  • Puishak

(Contd.)

ANGIOSPERM FLORA OF TRISHAL UPAZILA

65

No. 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Asteraceae Asteraceae Bombacaceae Arecaaceae Lyhraceae
Local name Kukurshunga Not known Shimul
Habit Herb Herb Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 193 (DUSH) Tauhid 62 (DUSH) Tauhid 215 (DUSH) Tauhid 303 (DUSH) Tauhid 264 (DUSH) Tauhid 139 (DUSH) Tauhid 249 (DUSH) Tauhid 271 (DUSH) Tauhid 160 (DUSH) Tauhid 336 (DUSH) Tauhid 129 (DUSH) Tauhid 176 (DUSH) Tauhid 223 (DUSH) Tauhid 23 (DUSH) Tauhid 175 (DUSH) Tauhid 201 (DUSH) Tauhid 100 (DUSH) Tauhid 179 (DUSH) Tauhid 388 (DUSH) Tauhid 311 (DUSH) Tauhid 275 (DUSH) Tauhid 239 (DUSH) Tauhid 257 (DUSH) Tauhid 173 (DUSH) Tauhid 316 (DUSH) Tauhid 109 (DUSH) Tauhid 361 (DUSH)

Blumea lacera (Burm. f.) DC. B. membranacea Wall. ex DC. Bombax ceiba L. Borassus flabellifer L.

  • Tal
  • Tree

Bougainvillea glabra Choisy Butea monosperma (Lamk.) Taub. Calotropis gigantea (L.) R. Br. C. procera (Ait.) R. Br.

Baganbilash Polash
Tree

  • Fabaceae
  • Tree

Asclepiadaceae Asclepiadaceae Sapindaceae Arecaceae
Boro akonda Akando
Shrub Shrub Herb Tree

Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Caryoata mitis Lour.

Phutka Not known Sonalu

Cassia fistula L.

Caesalpiniaceae Vitaceae
Tree

Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin Centella asiatica (L.) Urban

Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. & Aschers.

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King & Robinson Chrozophora rottleri (Geiseler) A. Juss. ex Spreng. Cissus adnata  Roxb.

Amal lata Thankuni Machitti
Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Shrub Tree
Apiaceae Asteraceae Chenopodiaceae Asteraceae Euphorbiaceae Vitaceae
Chandanbetu German lata Khudi okra Alianga lata Kagagilebu Goralebu Jambura
Citrus aurantifolia (Christm. & Panzer) Swingle

C. limon (L.) Burm. f.

Rutaceae Rutaceae

C. maxima (Burm.) Merr.

  • Rutaceae
  • Shrub

Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb

Clerodendrum inermae (L.) Gaertn. C. viscosum Vent

Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Cucurbitaceae Euphorbiaceae Araceae
Bamjui Bhat

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Codiaeum variegatum (L.) A. Juss. Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Commelina benghalensis L.

Telakucha Patabahar Kochu

  • Commelinaceae
  • Kanchira

(Contd.)

66

RAHMAN AND ALAM
No. 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Commelinaceae Costaceae
Local name Panikanchira Kushtha
Habit Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 59 (DUSH) Tauhid 06 (DUSH) Tauhid 340 (DUSH) Tauhid 273 (DUSH) Tauhid 18 (DUSH) Tauhid 17 (DUSH) Tauhid 394 (DUSH) Tauhid 277 (DUSH) Tauhid 325 (DUSH) Tauhid 398 (DUSH) Tauhid 102 (DUSH) Tauhid 390 (DUSH) Tauhid 34 (DUSH) Tauhid 342 (DUSH) Tauhid 16 (DUSH) Tauhid 84 (DUSH) Tauhid 213 (DUSH) Tauhid 123 (DUSH) Tauhid 294 (DUSH) Tauhid 113 (DUSH) Tauhid 120 (DUSH) Tauhid 127 (DUSH) Tauhid 246 (DUSH) Tauhid 307 (DUSH) Tauhid 397 (DUSH) Tauhid 237 (DUSH) Tauhid 272 (DUSH)

C. longifolia Lamk. Costus speciosus Sm. Combretum pilosum  Roxb. Crotalaria pallida Ait.

Combretaceae Fabaceae
Jhuni ugur Jhunjhuna Croton

Croton bonplandianus Baill. Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. Cyathula prostrata (L.) Blume Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.

Euphorbiaceae Zingiberaceae Amaranthaceae Fabaceae
Shoti Not known Shishu

Datura metel L.

Solanaceae Rubiaceae

  • Dhutra
  • Shrub

Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Herb Herb Tree
Dentella repens (L.) J. R. & G. Forst.

D. serpyllifolia  Wall. ex Craib Duranta repens  L.

Bhuipat

  • Rubiaceae
  • Bhuipat

Dilleniaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Acanthaceae Asteraceae Pontederiaceae Elaeocarpaceae Poaceae
Duronto

Dioscorea alata L.

Guraniya alu Erabera lata Udujati

D. kamoonensis  Kunth Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen Eclipta prostrata (L.) Mant. Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms Elaeocarpus floribundus Blume Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees ex Steud. Eryngium foetidum  L.

Kalokeshi Kochuripana Belphoi Not known Not known Kanta mandar Teliamandar Madar
Herb Herb Tree
Apiaceae

Erythrina fusca  Lour.

Fabaceae

E. stricta Roxb.

  • Fabaceae
  • Tree

E. variegata L.

  • Fabaceae
  • Tree

Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. Ficus benghalensis L.

Convolvulaceae Moraceae

  • Buiokra
  • Herb

  • Tree
  • Bot

F. hispida L. f.

  • Moraceae
  • Kakdumur

Jagdumur
Tree

F. recemosa L.

  • Moraceae
  • Tree

(Contd.)

ANGIOSPERM FLORA OF TRISHAL UPAZILA

67

No. 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Moraceae
Local name Hijulia
Habit Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 274 (DUSH) Tauhid 24 (DUSH) Tauhid 211 (DUSH) Tauhid 44 (DUSH) Tauhid 08 (DUSH) Tauhid 110 (DUSH) Tauhid 25 (DUSH) Tauhid 254 (DUSH) Tauhid 02 (DUSH) Tauhid 406 (DUSH) Tauhid 76 (DUSH) Tauhid 87 (DUSH) Tauhid 103 (DUSH) Tauhid 107 (DUSH) Tauhid 04 (DUSH) Tauhid 225 (DUSH) Tauhid 192 (DUSH)

F. rumphii Bl. Fimbristylis bisumbellata (Forsk.) Bubani F. dichotoma (L.) Vahl

Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Cyperaceae Flacourtiaceae Rubiaceae
Not known Baranirbishi Not known Beuchi
Herb Herb Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Tree

F. squarrosa Vahl Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merril Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr. Glinus lotoides L.

Gondhoraj Alugash Datmajan Asar
Molluginaceae Rutaceae

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigr. Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lamk Heliotropium indicum L.

  • Tiliaceae
  • Shrub

Herb Herb Herb Herb Shrub Tree

  • Rubiaceae
  • Khet papra

Hatishur Nagaphuli Chailla
Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Poaceae

H. ovalifolium Forssk. Hemarthria protensa  Steud. Hibiscus rosa-sinensis  L.

  • Malvaceae
  • Joba

Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.) Wall. ex Decne. Hydrilla verticiliata (L. f.) Royle.

Apocynaceae Hydrocharitaceae Acanthaceae
Kurchi

  • Kureli
  • Herb

  • Herb
  • Hygrophila schulli (Buch.-Hum.) M. R. Almeida & S.

Talmakhna

M. Almeida
99

Imperata cylindrica (L.) P. Beauv. Ipomoea aquatica Forssk. I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy Jatropha gossypifolia  L. Justicia adhatoda L.

  • Poaceae
  • Kash
  • Herb
  • Tauhid 40 (DUSH)

Tauhid 206 (DUSH) Tauhid 169 (DUSH) Tauhid 403 (DUSH) Tauhid 42 (DUSH) Tauhid 50 (DUSH) Tauhid 345 (DUSH) Tauhid 298 (DUSH)
100 101 102 103 104 105 106
Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Acanthaceae Acanthaceae Cyperaceae
Kolmishak Dolkolmi Lal bherenda Bashok
Herb Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Shrub Herb

J. gendarussa L.

Jagadmadan Bindimuthi Nirbishi

Kyllinga brevifolia Robbt.

  • K. nemoralis (J.R. Forst & G. Forst.) Dandy ex
  • Cyperaceae

Hutchins & Dalziel
107

Lagerstroemia parviflora  Roxb.

  • Lythraceae
  • Jarul
  • Tree
  • Tauhid 147 (DUSH)

(Contd.)

68

RAHMAN AND ALAM
No. 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Anacardiaceae Urticaceae
Local name Jiga
Habit Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 251 (DUSH) Tauhid 349 (DUSH) Tauhid 321 (DUSH) Tauhid 305 (DUSH) Tauhid 389 (DUSH) Tauhid 32 (DUSH) Tauhid 343(DUSH) Tauhid 159 (DUSH) Tauhid 01 (DUSH) Tauhid 409 (DUSH) Tauhid 410 (DUSH) Tauhid 219 (DUSH) Tauhid 315 (DUSH) Tauhid 91 (DUSH) Tauhid 86 (DUSH) Tauhid 284 (DUSH) Tauhid 13 (DUSH) Tauhid 195 (DUSH) Tauhid 292 (DUSH)

Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Merr. Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew Lasia spinosa (L) Thw.

  • Bichuti
  • Shrub

Herb Shrub Shrub Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Herb Tree

  • Araceae
  • Kantakachu

Mehedi

Lawsonia inermis  L.

Lythraceae

Leea indica  Merril

  • Leeaceae
  • Kukurjhiwa

Khudipana Roktodhron Dhondokalas Shetodron Not known Not known Not known Not known Not known Pichas-lakri Lichu

Lemna perpusilla Torrey

Lemnaceae

Leonurus japonicas Houtt. Leucus aspera (Willd.) Link. L. indica (L.) R. Br. ex Vatke Limnophila heterophylla Roxb. L. repens (Benth.) Benth. Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston L. micrantha  D. Don

Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Lamiaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Scrophulariaceae Verbenaceae Sapindaceae Lauraceae

L. rotundifolia (L.) Alston

Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Br. ex Briton & P. Wilson

Litchi chinensis Sonn. Litsea monopetala (Roxb.) Pers. Ludwigia adscendens (L.) Hara

  • Akorma
  • Tree

Onagraceae Onagraceae
Kesardam Not known
Herb Herb

L. hyssopifolia  (G. Don) Exell Apud A. & R.

Fernandes
127 128 129 130 131 132

Mangifera indica L.

Anacardiaceae Marantaceae Meliaceae

  • Aam
  • Tree
  • Tauhid 197 (DUSH)

Tauhid 253 (DUSH) Tauhid 136 (DUSH) Tauhid 350 (DUSH) Tauhid 110 (DUSH) Tauhid 58 (DUSH)

Maranta arundinacea L. Melia azedarach L.

  • Araroot
  • Herb

  • Tree
  • Goranim

Tikiokra Not knwon Assam lata

Melochia corchorifolia L. Meyna pubescens (Kurz) Robyns Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson

Sterculiaceae Rubiaceae
Herb Shrub

  • Climber
  • Asteraceae

(Contd.)

ANGIOSPERM FLORA OF TRISHAL UPAZILA

69

No. 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159

  • Botanical name
  • Family name

Annonaceae Mimosaceae Cucurbitaceae Pontederiaceae Moringaceae Moraceae
Local name Gandhi-gajari Lajjabati Korolla
Habit Tree
Voucher specimen Tauhid 05 (DUSH) Tauhid 35 (DUSH) Tauhid 242 (DUSH) Tauhid 200 (DUSH) Tauhid 145 (DUSH) Tauhid 366 (DUSH) Tauhid 202 (DUSH) Tauhid 356 (DUSH) Tauhid 265 (DUSH) Tauhid 242 (DUSH) Tauhid 349 (DUSH) Tauhid 385 (DUSH) Tauhid 408 (DUSH) Tauhid 170 (DUSH) Tauhid 270 (DUSH) Tauhid 314 (DUSH) Tauhid 03 (DUSH) Tauhid 112 (DUSH) Tauhid 244 (DUSH) Tauhid 396 (DUSH) Tauhid 310 (DUSH) Tauhid 88 (DUSH) Tauhid 96 (DUSH) Tauhid 134 (DUSH) Tauhid 322 (DUSH) Tauhid 245 (DUSH) Tauhid 209 (DUSH)
Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thom.

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    ANNEX 13 MASTER PLAN ON SSWRD IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) MINISTRY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATIVES (MLGRD&C) LOCAL GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT (LGED) MASTER PLAN STUDY ON SMALL SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH EFFECTIVE USE OF SURFACE WATER IN GREATER MYMENSINGH MASTER PLAN ON SMALL SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT NOVEMBER 2005 PACIFIC CONSULTANTS INTERNATIONAL (PCI), JAPAN JICA MASTER PLAN STUDY ON SMALL SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH EFFECTIVE USE OF SURFACE WATER IN GREATER MYMENSINGH MASTER PLAN ON SMALL SCALE WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT Map of Mymensingh District Chapter 1 Outline of the Master Plan Study 1.1 Background ･･･････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 1 1.2 Objectives and Scope of the Study ･････････････････････････････････････････ 1 1.3 The Study Area ････････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 2 1.4 Counterparts of the Study ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 2 1.5 Survey and Workshops conducted in the Study ･･･････････････････････････････ 3 Chapter 2 Mymensingh District 2.1 General Conditions ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 4 2.2 Natural Conditions ･････････････････････････････････････････････････････ 4 2.3 Socio-economic Conditions ･･････････････････････････････････････････････ 5 2.4 Agriculture in the District ････････････････････････････････････････････････ 5 2.5 Fisheries
  • Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of

    Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This Is a Consolidated List Of

    RWKiger 5 Jul 18 Literature Cited Robert W. Kiger, Editor This is a consolidated list of all works cited in volume 22, whether as selected references, in text, or in nomenclatural contexts. In citations of articles, both here and in the taxonomic treatments, and also in nomenclatural citations, the titles of serials are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in G. D. R. Bridson and E. R. Smith (1991). Cross references to the corresponding full serial titles are interpolated here alphabetically by abbreviated form. In nomenclatural citations (only), book titles are rendered in the abbreviated forms recommended in F. A. Stafleu and R. S. Cowan (1976–1988) and F. A. Stafleu and E. A. Mennega (1992+). Here, those abbreviated forms are indicated parenthetically following the full citations of the corresponding works, and cross references to the full citations are interpolated in the list alphabetically by abbreviated form. Two or more works published in the same year by the same author or group of coauthors will be distinguished uniquely and consistently throughout all volumes of Flora of North America by lower-case letters (b, c, d, ...) suffixed to the date for the second and subsequent works in the set. The suffixes are assigned in order of editorial encounter and do not reflect chronological sequence of publication. The first work by any particular author or group from any given year carries the implicit date suffix "a"; thus, the sequence of explicit suffixes begins with "b". Some citations in this list have dates suffixed "b" but are not preceded by citations of "[a]" works for the same year, or have dates suffixed "c" but are not preceded by citations of "[a]" and/or "b" works for that year.
  • Kala-Azar Fever in Bangladesh: an Awareness Study of Six Unions of Trishal Upazila in Mymenshing District, Bangladesh

    Kala-Azar Fever in Bangladesh: an Awareness Study of Six Unions of Trishal Upazila in Mymenshing District, Bangladesh

    Kala-azar Fever in Bangladesh: An Awareness Study of Six Unions of Trishal Upazila in Mymenshing District, Bangladesh 1A. H. M. ZEHADUL KARIM & 2DINESH MONDAL 1Department of Sociology and Anthropology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia 53100 E-mail: [email protected] 2Parasitological Laboratory, International Center for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka1212, Bangladesh KEY WORDS: Kala-azar fever. Perceptions and awareness of local leaders. Trishal Union. Mymenshing. Bangladesh. ABSTRACT: Kala-azar or Leishmaniasis is an acute vector-borne infectious disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, also simultaneously called Leishmania donovani, which is transmitted to human body through bite of a female phlebotomine sandfly. Recently it has been found very much prevalent in an acute manner in 34 districts of Bangladesh, causing a serious threat to the community. Kala-azar has become endemic in nine districts of the country which includes Rajshahi and Mymenshing. It is reported that people’s awareness in many of these districts is extremely low and discouraging; and in this context, the community leaders’ involvement is also quite unsatisfactory. This paper for that reason, is an attempt to provide information on community leaders’ perception about kala-azar in a district in Bangladesh. INTRODUCTION KALA-AZAR PREVALENCE AROUND THE In recent years, Kala-azar (most commonly WORLD: A SITUATIONAL BRIEF pronounced as K� l� zr)1 or leishmeniasis has become Kala-azar or visceral Leishmaniasis has had an acute health-problem in some villages of Trishal prevalence in many parts of the world including Upazila in Mymensing District in Bangladesh. It has Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Brazil and Sudan.
  • Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela

    Bonpland and Humboldt Specimens, Field Notes, and Herbaria; New Insights from a Study of the Monocotyledons Collected in Venezuela

    Bonpland and Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela Fred W. Stauffer, Johann Stauffer & Laurence J. Dorr Abstract Résumé STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Bonpland and STAUFFER, F. W., J. STAUFFER & L. J. DORR (2012). Echantillons de Humboldt specimens, field notes, and herbaria; new insights from a study Bonpland et Humboldt, carnets de terrain et herbiers; nouvelles perspectives of the monocotyledons collected in Venezuela. Candollea 67: 75-130. tirées d’une étude des monocotylédones récoltées au Venezuela. Candollea In English, English and French abstracts. 67: 75-130. En anglais, résumés anglais et français. The monocotyledon collections emanating from Humboldt and Les collections de Monocotylédones provenant des expéditions Bonpland’s expedition are used to trace the complicated ways de Humboldt et Bonpland sont utilisées ici pour retracer les in which botanical specimens collected by the expedition were cheminements complexes des spécimens collectés lors returned to Europe, to describe the present location and to de leur retour en Europe. Ces collections sont utilisées pour explore the relationship between specimens, field notes, and établir la localisation actuelle et la composition d’importants descriptions published in the multi-volume “Nova Genera et jeux de matériel associés à ce voyage, ainsi que pour explorer Species Plantarum” (1816-1825). Collections in five European les relations existantes entre les spécimens, les notes de terrain herbaria were searched for monocotyledons collected by et les descriptions parues dans les divers volumes de «Nova the explorers. In Paris, a search of the Bonpland Herbarium Genera et Species Plantarum» (1816-1825).
  • Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso Pecies S 1 2, 3, 4* 1 3, 4 1

    Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso Pecies S 1 2, 3, 4* 1 3, 4 1

    ISSN 1809-127X (online edition) © 2011 Check List and Authors Chec List Open Access | Freely available at www.checklist.org.br Journal of species lists and distribution Magnoliophyta, Arly National Park, Tapoa, Burkina Faso PECIES S 1 2, 3, 4* 1 3, 4 1 OF Oumarou Ouédraogo , Marco Schmidt , Adjima Thiombiano , Sita Guinko and Georg Zizka 2, 3, 4 ISTS L , Karen Hahn 1 Université de Ouagadougou, Laboratoire de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales, UFR/SVT. 03 09 B.P. 848 Ouagadougou 09, Burkina Faso. 2 Senckenberg Research Institute, Department of Botany and molecular Evolution. Senckenberganlage 25, 60325. Frankfurt am Main, Germany 3 J.W. Goethe-University, Institute for Ecology, Evolution & Diversity. Siesmayerstr. 70, 60054. Frankfurt am Main, Germany * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] 4 Biodiversity and Climate Research Institute (BiK-F), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325. Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Abstract: The Arly National Park of southeastern Burkina Faso is in the center of the WAP complex, the largest continuous unexplored until recently. The plant species composition is typical for sudanian savanna areas with a high share of grasses andsystem legumes of protected and similar areas toin otherWest Africa.protected Although areas wellof the known complex, for its the large neighbouring mammal populations, Pama reserve its andflora W has National largely Park.been Sahel reserve. The 490 species belong to 280 genera and 83 families. The most important life forms are phanerophytes and therophytes.It has more species in common with the classified forest of Kou in SW Burkina Faso than with the geographically closer Introduction vegetation than the surrounding areas, where agriculture For Burkina Faso, only very few comprehensive has encroached on savannas and forests and tall perennial e.g., grasses almost disappeared, so that its borders are even Guinko and Thiombiano 2005; Ouoba et al.
  • Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of Boro Rice Production in Bangladesh a Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis

    Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of Boro Rice Production in Bangladesh a Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Analysis

    J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(1): 215-226, 2008 ISSN 1810-3030 Factors affecting the technical efficiency of Boro rice production in Bangladesh a Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier analysis M.M.H. Sikdarl, M.A. Alam2 and M.I. Hossain2 Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhalil Department of Agricultural Statistics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Abstract A Cob-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was estimated to determine the technical efficiency of Boro rice production in Bangladesh. Technical inefficiency effect model was also estimated simultaneously with stochastic frontiers to identify factors, which influence efficiency. The coefficients of fertilizer, irrigation and human labour were found to be significantly positive in the stochastic frontier function, which meant with increase of fertilizer, irrigation and human labour the production of Boro rice will be increased. The coefficient of extension contact was negative and significant in the inefficiency effect model in Phulpur upazIla. This indicates that inefficiency decreases with the increase in extension contact. The mean technical efficiency was 92 percent. There appeared 8 percent inefficiency, which means that the farmers increase their production 8 percent without changing the input. Keywords: Stochastic, Frontier function and Technical efficiency Introduction Agriculture has been playing a vital role in socio-economic progress and sustainable development through upliftment of rural economy, ensuring food security by attaining autarky in food grains production, poverty alleviation and so on. It contributes 21.91 percent to the country's GDP. Agricultural sector in Bangladesh is largely dominated by paddy production. About 75.77 percent of the total cropped area is devoted to rice cultivation (Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh, 2004).
  • Mineralization of Farm Manures and Slurries for Successive Release Of

    Mineralization of Farm Manures and Slurries for Successive Release Of

    agriculture Article Mineralization of Farm Manures and Slurries for Successive Release of Carbon and Nitrogen in Incubated Soils Varying in Moisture Status under Controlled Laboratory Conditions Mohammad Rafiqul Islam 1 , Sultana Bilkis 1, Tahsina Sharmin Hoque 1, Shihab Uddin 1 , Mohammad Jahiruddin 1, Mohammad Mazibur Rahman 1, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman 2 , Majid Alhomrani 3, Ahmed Gaber 4 and Mohammad Anwar Hossain 5,* 1 Department of Soil Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh; rafi[email protected] (M.R.I.); [email protected] (S.B.); [email protected] (T.S.H.); [email protected] (S.U.); [email protected] (M.J.); [email protected] (M.M.R.) 2 Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, College of Engineering Science and Environment, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; [email protected] 3 Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 4 Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] Citation: Islam, M.R.; Bilkis, S.; 5 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Hoque, T.S.; Uddin, S.; Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh Jahiruddin, M.; Rahman, M.M.; * Correspondence: [email protected] Rahman, M.M.; Alhomrani, M.; Gaber, A.; Hossain, M.A. Abstract: Having up-to-date knowledge on the mineralization of organic materials and release Mineralization of Farm Manures and of nutrients is of paramount significance to ensure crops’ nutrient demands, increase nutrient Slurries for Successive Release of use efficiency and ensure the right fertilizer application at the right time.
  • Community Perspectives on Water and Sanitation Towards 'Disaster

    Community Perspectives on Water and Sanitation Towards 'Disaster

    Report on “Community Perspectives on Water and SanitationWatSan towards ‘Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)” Report on Community Perspectives on Water and Sanitation towards ‘Disaster Risk Reduction’ (DRR) For August 2008 Study Conducted by 7/3, Block -A Lalmatia, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh Phone: +88-02- 9146063, Fax: +88-02-9119459 E-mail:[email protected], [email protected] Web site: www.eminence-bd.org Eminence Page 1 of 56 Report on “Community Perspectives on Water and SanitationWatSan towards ‘Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)” Study Team Principal Investigator Dr. Md. Shamim H. Talukder Public Health Specialist Chief Executive Eminence Technical Advisors ARMM Kamal Water and Sanitation Specialist Consultant Eminence Haroon Ur Rashid Water, Sanitation and Environmental Specialist Consultant Eminence Dr. Kuntal K Saha Health and Nutrition Specialist Consultant Eminence Research Coordinator S.M Shajedul Haque Palash Shusmita H Khan Team Members Khan Hasibul Hasan Golam Rabbani Jewel Sabia Kamal Dina Farhana Shaima Akter Serajul Islam Eminence Page 2 of 56 Report on “Community Perspectives on Water and SanitationWatSan towards ‘Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR)” Preface In Bangladesh, one-third of the total 140 million populations live below the national poverty line. Furthermore, the intensity of poverty gets worse by high levels of vulnerability due to increasing frequency and magnitude of natural disasters in the coastal areas adjacent to the Bay of Bengal. The common disasters in Bangladesh include floods, cyclones, tornadoes, river erosion, landslides, droughts and earthquakes as well as the affects of these disasters. The situation is further exaggerated by a continuous rise of population and lack of functional community- based disaster management strategies.
  • Freshwater Pond Fish Farming in Bangladesh: a Micro Level Land Use Analysis

    Freshwater Pond Fish Farming in Bangladesh: a Micro Level Land Use Analysis

    J Bangladesh Agril Univ 16(2): 276–282, 2018 doi: 10.3329/jbau.v16i2. 37983 ISSN 1810-3030 (Print) 2408-8684 (Online) Journal of Bangladesh Agricultural University Journal home page: http://baures.bau.edu.bd/jbau, www.banglajol.info/index.php/JBAU Freshwater pond fish farming in Bangladesh: A micro level land use analysis 1 2 3 4 Md. Salauddin Palash , Kazi Tamim Rahman , Shakila Salam and Mahmuda Nasrin 1Department of Agribusiness and Marketing, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 2Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh 3Institute of Agribusiness and Development Studies (IADS), Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh 4Department of Agricultural Economics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh ARTICLE INFO Abstract Article history: Market-oriented farming has been started in Bangladesh over last two decades. As a consequence, Received: 20 April 2018 diversified agricultural products are now produced which changing the land use pattern. This study Accepted: 14 August 2018 conducted in Trishal upazila of Mymensingh district, a major freshwater pond fish farming area of Bangladesh. Secondary data from different relevant government offices (Upazila Agriculture, Fisheries, Keywords: and Statistical office) were collected to find out how much cropland has been converted to pond fish Pond fish farming, Cropland farming and what will be the future trend of land use in the afore mentioned area. Total land area of conversion, Forecasting, Trishal sub-district is 33876 ha and since last three-decade cropland has been converted to commercial Bangladesh freshwater fish farming. As a consequence, the area under commercial fish farming is now 4542 ha (13.41 Correspondence: per cent total area of Trishal upazila); which was only 1920 ha in the year of 2010.
  • Angiospermic Flora of Gafargaon Upazila of Mymensingh District Focusing on Medicinally Important Species

    Angiospermic Flora of Gafargaon Upazila of Mymensingh District Focusing on Medicinally Important Species

    Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 26(2): 269‒283, 2019 (December) © 2019 Bangladesh Association of Plant Taxonomists ANGIOSPERMIC FLORA OF GAFARGAON UPAZILA OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT FOCUSING ON MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES 1 M. OLIUR RAHMAN , NUSRAT JAHAN SAYMA AND MOMTAZ BEGUM Department of Botany, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh Keywords: Angiosperm; Taxonomy; Vegetation analysis; Medicinal Plants; Distribution; Conservation. Abstract Gafargaon upazila has been floristically explored to identify and assess the angiospermic flora that resulted in occurrence of 203 taxa under 174 genera and 75 families. Magnoliopsida is represented by 167 taxa under 140 genera and 62 families, while Liliopsida is constituted by 36 taxa belonging to 34 genera and 13 families. Vegetation analysis shows that herbs are represented by 106 taxa, shrubs 35, trees 54, and climbers by 8 species. In Magnoliopsida, Solanaceae is the largest family possessing 10 species, whereas in Liliopsida, Poaceae is the largest family with 12 species. The study has identified 45 medicinal plants which are used for treatment of over 40 diseases including diabetes, ulcer, diarrhoea, dysentery, fever, cold and cough, menstrual problems, blood pressure and urinary disorders by the local people. Some noticeable medicinal plants used in primary healthcare are Abroma augusta (L.) L.f., Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt., Commelina benghalensis L., Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., Holarrhena antidysenterica Flem., Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) A. DC., Mikania cordata (Burm. f.) Robinson, Ocimum tenuiflorum L. and Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. A few number of species are also employed in cultural festivals in the study area. Cardamine flexuosa With., Oxystelma secamone (L.) Karst., Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet, Piper sylvaticum Roxb., Stephania japonica (Thunb.) Miers and Trema orientalis L.