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Alismatales from the Upper and Middle Araguaia River Basin (Brazil) SAMANTHA KOEHLER1,3 and CLAUDIA PETEAN BOVE2

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Alismatales from the Upper and Middle Araguaia River Basin (Brazil) SAMANTHA KOEHLER1,3 and CLAUDIA PETEAN BOVE2 Revista Brasil. Bo1., v'27, n.3, p.439-452,jul.-se1. 2004 Alismatales from the upper and middle Araguaia river basin (Brazil) SAMANTHA KOEHLER1,3 and CLAUDIA PETEAN BOVE2 (received: October 30, 2002; accepted: March 25, 2004) ABSTRACT - (Alismatales ITomthe upper and middleAraguaia river basin (Brazil». The present study deals with a survey of the order Alismatales (except Araceae) in the upper and middle Araguaia River region located between the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. Field expeditions were carried out during the rainy and dry seasons. The route covered approximately 2,000 km and 41 aquatic environments were visited. Thirteen taxa, representing the farniliesAlismataceae (nine), Hydrocharitaceae (three) and Najadaceae (one) were identified. Keys for the identification of families and species in field, brief diagnoses, schematic illustrations and relevant comments were elaborated based on field observations as well as on the analysis ofthe specimens collected. Key words - Alismatales, aquatic plants, Araguaia river, Brazil, hydrophytes RESUMO - (Alismatales da bacia do alto e médio rio Araguaia (Brasil». Realizou-se o levantamento de espécies da ordem Alismatales (exceto Araceae) ocorrentes na região do alto e médio rio Araguaia, entre os estados de Mato Grosso e Goiás, Brasil. As expedições para coleta de material, ocorridas tanto na época 'de chuvas quanto na seca, totalizaram cerca de 2.000 km percorridos, abrangendo 41 ambientes aquáticos. Foram identificados treze táxons pertencentes às famílias Alismataceae (nove), Hydrocharitaceae (três) e Najadaceae (uma). Foram elaboradas chaves para identificação em campo das famílias e espécies, descrições breves, ilustrações esquemáticas e comentários relevantes, baseados em dados levantados em campo e através da análise do material coletado. Palavras-chave - Alismatales, Brasil, hidrófitas, plantas aquáticas, rio Araguaia Introducôon cattle nourishment (Berg 1984, Joyce 1990). However, the excessive growth of some species may interfere Brazil has the largest hydrographic net of the world, with the functioning ofhydroelectric turbines, favor the estimated as 6,950 km2,representing the largest hydric proliferation of mosquitoes, reduce water oxygen supply of South America (Tundisi & Barbosa 1995). concentration, and prevent navigation (Esteves 1988, Plants encountered growing in permanent or seasona11y Palombo & Pereira 1992). wet environments, whose photosynthetic parts are Despite the great diversity ofhydrophytes in Brazil constant1y or at least for several months each year in (Hoehne 1948), there is still a lack of studies on the contact with water are defined by Cook (1996) as ecological and systematic aspects of Brazilian aquatic vascular aquatic plants. The aquatic flora plays an plants (Pott et ai. 1992). Besides the work of Hoehne important role on the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. It (1948) on aquatic plants of Brazil, there are studies, affects the water chemistry by the assimilation of genera1lytaxonomically and/or geographically restricted, nutrients and noxious substances (Esteves & Camargo developed fortheAmazonian region (Albuquerque 1981) 1986) and provides favorable conditions to innumerous and for the states of Goiás (Wanderley 1989), Mato organisms, such as fishes, aquatic arthropods, mo11usks Grosso (Prado et ai. 1994, Schessll997) Mato Grosso and periphyton (Esteves 1988,Pott & Pott 1997).Aquatic do Sul (Guimarães 1999; Pott 1993, Pott & Pott 1997, plants also constitute the base of an extensive food chain Pott et ai. 1989, 1992, Pott & Cervi 1999, Pott & Pott (Esteves 1988, Niering 1985) and some species may 2000 [Pantanal]), Minas Gerais (Pedralli et ai. 1993a, even be used as ornamental plants, soil fertilizers or for b), Rio de Janeiro (Henriques et ai. 1988, Bove et ai. 2003), Rio Grande do Sul (Almeida-Rego 1988, Irgang et ai. 1984,Irgang & Gastal1996, Pedralli, 1981), Santa Catarina (Pedersen & Klein 1976)and São Paulo (Abreu i. Universidade Estaduai de Campinas, instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Botânica, Caixa Postal 6i09, i3083-970 1981, Faria 1998). Campinas, SP, BrasiL The order Alismatales, with roughly 3,320 species, 2. Universidade Federai do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Departamento de Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, 20940-040 consists most1y of aquatic or wetland plants and is Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasiL [email protected] represented in Brazil by approximately 32 genera and 3. Corresponding author: [email protected] 11 farnilies (Haynes & Holm-Nielsen 1985, Judd etaI. 440 S. Koehler & c.P. Bove: Alismatales from the Araguaia river, Brazil 1999, Les & Haynes (995). Ageneric treatment ofthe order in the Neotropics has been published by Haynes & Holm-Nielsen (1985), besides surveys and taxonomic treatments on the familiesAlismataceae (Almeida Rego 1988, Guimarães 1999, Haynes & Holm-Nielsen 1994, Rataj 1978), Hydrocharitaceae (Cook 1985, Cook & Urmi-Kõnig 1984a, b), Limnocharitaceae, inc1uded in Alismataceae in this paper (Haynes & Holm-Nielsen (992), and Najadaceae (Lowden 1986). Despite the fact most studies of aquatic plants /' published so far for the central region of Brazil are geographically and/or taxonomically restricted, there are stillinnumerousaquatichabitatsinthisregionthatarepoorly known. This assertion was corroborated by the discovery of a new species of Hydrocharitaceae, Egeria heterostemon S. Koehler & C.P. Bove, during the development ofthis study (Koeh1er& Bove 2001). The purpose ofthis study is to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian aquatic florapresenting a survey ofthe order Figure I. Geographicallocation of the study area. Alismatalesofthe upperand middleArnguaiaRiverregion. Material and methods Species identifications were based on the taxonomic treatments available and were complemented by comparisons with herbaria material. The material was deposited in the The study area is located on the Araguaia Tocantins - herbarium ofthe Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro (R) and depression, in the states of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. duplicates were sent to the to herbaria of the Universidade The climate, warm and wet, is composed oftwo main seasons: de São Paulo (SPF) and to Embrapa - Pantanal (CPAP). Keys a dry one from June to November foIlowed by a rainy season for the identification ofthe families and species in the field, from Oecember to May (lBGE 1989). The vegetation is brief diagnoses, schematic illustrations and relevant characterized mainly by the Cerrado type, rather devastated, ecological and morphological comments were elaborated and by riparian forests and aquatic ecosystems, hitherto weIl based on an analysis of specimens coIlected, as weIl as on preservcd. Field cxpcditions were undertaken in 1997 field observations. (May-June and October) and in 1999 (November), covering the rainy and dry seasons. Specimens were coIlected in 41 different aquatic environments along the roads indicated in Results and Discussion figure I, covering an extension of approximately 2,000 km. The sites visited consisted mainly of permanently and In the treatment that follows thirteen taxa were temporaIly undrained floodplains. recognized. Key to families of Alismatales of the upper and middle Araguaia river region I. Submersed plants 2. Leaves sessile, I-veined, margins serrulate 3. Leaves with sheathing base, margins with visible serrulations; flowers laeking a perianth, ineonspieuous Najadaeeae 3. Leaves without sheathing base, margins without visible serrulations; flowers eonspieuous, with white perianth Hydroeharitaeeae 2. Leaves petiolate, multi-veined, margins entire 4. Leaves up to 10 em long; flowers white Alismataeeae 4. Leaves longer than 10 em; flowers yellow Hydroeharitaeeae I. Emersed plants ... Alismataeeae Revista Brasil. Bot., V.27, n.3, p.439-452,jul.-set. 2004 441 Alismataeeae Vento hypogynous, perfeet or imperfeet, pedicellate, perianth aetinomorphie, of 6 free segments in 2 series: sepals 3, Herbaeeous, annual or perennial, glabrous or green, persistent; petals 3, larger than sepals, white to pubeseent, laetiferous. Stems eorm-like, rhizomatous or yellow sometimes with purple spots at the base, delieate, stoloniferous. Leaves submersed, fioating oremergent, deciduous; stamens 3 or numerous, free, staminodes basal or alterna te, petiolate with a sheathing base; oeeasionally present; earpels 3, 6 ormore, free or basally submersed leaves linear, sessile; emergent and floating fused, l-loeuled, ovules 1-2 or numerous of basal or leaves petiolate, the blade linear to laneeolate, ovate to laminarplaeentation, styles terminal or lateral sometimes rhomboid, pluriveined, with or without pellueid marks, very short or absent, stigma linear. Fruits aehenes or the margins entire. Infloreseenees vertieillate, panieulate, follicles, numerous, eompressed or terete, ofien winged, raeemose, spieate or umbellate, without a subtending longitudinally eostate and glandular, sometimes with a spathe, with whorled or separate braets. Flowers terminal or horizontal beak. Seeds U-shaped. Key to species of Alismataeeae of the upper and middle Araguaia river region 1. Floatting leaves sagittate : : 5. Sagittaria guayanensis 1. Emersed leaves linear, laneeolate or ovate 2. Plants delieate, to 25 em tall 3. Pellucid lines on leafblades presenL L Echinodorus bo/ivianus 3. Pellueid lines on leafblades absent 4. Echinodorus tenel/us 2. Plants stout, taller than 40 em 4. Ovules ofbasal plaeentation 5. Floral braets subulate, usually longerthan the pedicels 3. Echinodorus subalatus 5. Floral braets laneeolate,
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