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Bitter Pill to Swallow: China’S Flagrant Trade in Leopard Bone Products
Wildlife A Bitter Pill to Swallow: China’s flagrant trade in leopard bone products April 2020 Wildlife ©EIAimage We would like to thank ABOUT EIA EIA UK 62-63 Upper Street, Ximporae.EIA would Utlike aut to fugitisthank restithe ut atia We investigate and campaign against London N1 0NY UK nobitfollowing ium foralici their bla conesupport: consequam Network environmental crime and abuse. T: +44 (0) 20 7354 7960 cusfor Social aci oditaquates Change, Ernest dolorem Kleinwort volla Our undercover investigations E: [email protected] vendam,Charitable consequo Trust and molor The sinRufford net expose transnational wildlife crime, eia-international.org fugitatur,Foundation. qui int que nihic tem with a focus on elephants and asped quei oditaquates dolorem tigers, and forest crimes such as volla vendam, conseqci oditaquates EIA US illegal logging and deforestation for dolorem volla vendam, consequo PO Box 53343 cash crops like palm oil. We work to molor sin net fugitatur, qui int que Washington DC 20009 USA safeguard global marine ecosystems nihic tem asped quei oditaquates T: +1 202 483 6621 by addressing the threats posed dolorem volla vendam, consuo molor E: [email protected] by plastic pollution, bycatch sin net fugitatur, qui int que nihic eia-global.org and commercial exploitation of tem asped que n nes ape verrovid whales, dolphins and porpoises. maximolorera doles magni tet ea Environmental Investigation Agency Finally, we reduce the impact of voluptas enis as de evel ipsam (UK) Ltd. Company Number: 7752350 climate change by campaigning dolendit, voluptam endusci psunto VAT Number: 440569842. Registered to eliminate powerful refrigerant quibusandit, sitaque enture inEnvironmental England and Investigation Wales Agency UK greenhouse gases, exposing related UK Charity Number: 1182208 illicit trade and improving energy Company Number: 07752350 efficiency in the cooling sector. -
Ip Protection Ofpreventivetcm
IP PROTECTION OF PREVENTIVE TCM AND PRECISION MEDICINE IN CHINA HARNESSING HOLISTIC RESEARCH FROM MAN TO MANKIND Suggested citation: Danny Friedmann, IP Protection of Preventive TCM and Precision Medicine in China, Harnessing Holistic Research from Man to Mankind, special number MEDICINE AND LAW (WAML), forthcoming 2018. Danny Friedmann Abstract: Prevention is better than to cure. This was acknowledged in Ancient China, where traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tried to re-harmonise people by taking a holistic view on health and going after the root of the disease not just the symptoms. The Chinese government views TCM as complementary to Western medicine and invests heavily in its research, promotion and protection via patent law, trade secrets and geographical indications. China would also like to and could dominate the developments in precision medicine, by sequencing the genomes of millions of its people. This knowledge will make it possible to go after the root of diseases, via the identification of genetic markers, and remove the roots of these diseases via gene editing technology. Patent law could harness the efforts to identify the genetic markers by giving incentives to researchers, or harm the developments in regard to gene editing technology, as might be caused by an overcrowded patent landscape. Keywords: intellectual property; patent law; trade secret; geographical indication; precision medicine; preventive medicine; traditional Chinese medicine; CRISPR-Cas9; genetic markers; China. 1. INTRODUCTION “A doctor who treats disease after it has happened is a mediocre doctor. A doctor who treats a disease before it has happened is a superior doctor.” Yellow Emperor, CLASSIC OF INTERNAL MEDICINE, 2 century BC Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)1 can be seen as an effort to develop a precision medicine avant la lettre, accurate and personalised. -
Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing Or Reversing Chronic Disease The
Appendix 1 – Protocol for Preventing or Reversing Chronic Disease The first author has developed a protocol over the past decade for preventing or reversing chronic disease based on the following systemic medical principle: “at the present time, removal of cause is a necessary, but not necessarily sufficient, condition for restorative treatment to be effective”[1]. The protocol methodology refines the age-old principles of both reducing harm in addition to providing treatment, and allows better identification of factors that contribute to the disease process (so that they may be eliminated if possible). These contributing factors are expansive and may include a combination of Lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, smoking), iatrogenic and biotoxin exposures, environmental/occupational exposures, and psychosocial stressors. This strategy exploits the existing literature to identify patterns of biologic response using biomarkers from various modalities of diagnostic testing to capture a much broader list of potential contributing factors. Existing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) Biomarker Identification to Remove Contributing Factors and Implement Treatment The initial protocol steps are diagnostic. The main output of these diagnostics will be identification of the biomarker levels and symptoms that reflect abnormalities, and the directions of change required to eliminate these abnormalities. In the present study, hundreds of general and specific biomarkers and symptoms were identified from the core IBD literature. The highest frequency (based on numbers of record appearances) biomarkers and symptoms were extracted, and are listed in Table 1 (highest frequency items first, reading down each column before proceeding to the next column). They are not necessarily consensus biomarkers. They are biomarkers whose values were altered by a treatment or contributing factor, and reported in the core IBD literature. -
Administration of Yunnan Baiyao Improved Clinical Prognosis of Emergency Craniotomy in Patients with Moderate-To-Severe TBI: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Administration of Yunnan Baiyao improved clinical prognosis of emergency craniotomy in patients with moderate-to-severe TBI: a randomized controlled trial Lifeng Chen Chinese PLA General Hospital Hongzhen Jiang Chinese PLA General Hospital Guoqiang Xing ( [email protected] ) Aliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4706-3063 Bing Guan Chinese PLA General Hospital Yang Yang Chinese PLA General Hospital Anwar Ahmed Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Xiaodong Ma ( [email protected] ) Chinese PLA General Hospital Research Keywords: traumatic brain injury, emergency craniotomy, Yunnan Baiyao anti-hemorhage drug, Glasgow Coma & Outcome Scales, serum S100B and SOD proteins Posted Date: July 23rd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-41559/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/27 Abstract Background: Although emergency craniotomy has been performed to reduce the mortality of traumatic brain injury (TBI), it is associated with secondary injury and poor prognosis. The ecacy of a wound-healing medicine Yunnan Baiyao (YB) was compared with a TBI medicine Xingnaojing (XNJ) and orthodox therapy (OT). Method: Eighty patients (39±7 yrs.) with moderate-to-severe TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale(GOS), 3-12) received craniotomy before randomly assigned to (n=20) 7 days treatment of: 1) OT; 2) OT+XNJ (20 ml i.v. drip/daily); 3) OT+low dose-YB (oral, 1,000 mg/day); 4) OT+high dose-YB, 2,000 mg/day). Serum S100B and superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) were evaluated. -
Investigation of China's Yunnan Pharmaceutical Industry Derived from Two Ethnomedicines, Yi Medicine and Dai Medicine
Investigation of China’s Yunnan pharmaceutical industry derived from two ethnomedicines, Yi medicine and Dai medicine Zhiyong Li Kunming University of Science and Technology Caifeng Li Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiaobo Zhang China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Shihuan Tang China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiulan Huang Minzu University of China Hongjun Yang China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Xiuming Cui Kunming University of Science and Technology Luqi Huang ( [email protected] ) Research Keywords: Ethnomedicine; Dai patent medicine; Yi patent medicine; Ethnic Pharmaceutical Industry; Traditional knowledge Posted Date: January 22nd, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.2.21598/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Page 1/21 Abstract Background: Yunnan Province is a multi-ethnic area located in the southwest of China, and she also is rich in Chinese matiera medica resources, known as the ‘kingdom of plants’. There is abundant of ethnomedicine resources in Yunnan province and many ethnic minorities inherit and retain numerous knowledge of traditional medicine. The biomedicine and big health industry have been the pillar industry of Yunnan since 2016, which is the important pharmaceutical industrial base for Dai Medicine and Yi Medicine in China, for example Yunnan Baiyao with “amazing ecacy” and originating from a Yi medical formula. Yi medicine and Dai medicine of Yunnan Province were investigated in this work focusing on the basic information of Dai patent medicine (DPM) and Yi patent medicine (YPM), including the clinical indications, herbal resources and their sources of traditional knowledge. -
上海医药企业社会责任报告 SHANGHAI PHARMA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT Definitions
2018 上海医药企业社会责任报告 SHANGHAI PHARMA CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORT Definitions In this report, unless the context otherwise requires, the following terms shall have the following meanings: "Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group", "Shanghai Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd. Pharmaceuticals Holding", "Shanghai Pharmaceuticals", "the Company" or "We" Shanghai Pharma Shanghai Pharma Co., Ltd. SPH Keyuan SPH Keyuan Xinhai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Sine Shanghai SPH Sine Pharmaceutical Laboratories Co., Ltd. SPH No. 1 Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Shanghai SPH No. 1 Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. SPH Changzhou Pharmaceutical SPH Changzhou Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH New Asiatic Shanghai SPH New Asiatic Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Zhongxi Sunve Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Sales Shanghai Pharmaceutical Group Pharma Sales Co., Ltd. SPH Techpool Guangdong Techpool Bio-pharma Co., Ltd. Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Chiatai Qingchunbao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Growful SPH Qingdao Growful Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Research Institute Central Research Institute of Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd. Vitaco Vitaco Health (NZ) Limited SPH Herbapex Liaoning SPH Herbapex Pharmaceutical (Group) Co., Ltd. Huqingyutang Pharmaceutical Hangzhou Huqingyutang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Zhonghua Shanghai Zhonghua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. SPH Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., -
Sustainable Sourcing : Markets for Certified Chinese
SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS In collaboration with SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS SUSTAINABLE SOURCING: MARKETS FOR CERTIFIED CHINESE MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS Abstract for trade information services ID=43163 2016 SITC-292.4 SUS International Trade Centre (ITC) Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Geneva: ITC, 2016. xvi, 141 pages (Technical paper) Doc. No. SC-2016-5.E This study on the market potential of sustainably wild-collected botanical ingredients originating from the People’s Republic of China with fair and organic certifications provides an overview of current export trade in both wild-collected and cultivated botanical, algal and fungal ingredients from China, market segments such as the fair trade and organic sectors, and the market trends for certified ingredients. It also investigates which international standards would be the most appropriate and applicable to the special case of China in consideration of its biodiversity conservation efforts in traditional wild collection communities and regions, and includes bibliographical references (pp. 139–140). Descriptors: Medicinal Plants, Spices, Certification, Organic Products, Fair Trade, China, Market Research English For further information on this technical paper, contact Mr. Alexander Kasterine ([email protected]) The International Trade Centre (ITC) is the joint agency of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. ITC, Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland (www.intracen.org) Suggested citation: International Trade Centre (2016). Sustainable Sourcing: Markets for Certified Chinese Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, International Trade Centre, Geneva, Switzerland. This publication has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. -
Industry Overview
THIS DOCUMENT IS IN DRAFT FORM. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS INCOMPLETE AND IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE. THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE READ IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE SECTION HEADED “WARNING” ON THE COVER OF THIS DOCUMENT. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW We engaged CIC for preparing the CIC Report, an independent industry report in respect of the [REDACTED]. Except as otherwise noted, all of the data and forecasts contained in this section have been derived from the CIC Report. We believe that the sources of the information in this section and other sections of this document are appropriate sources for such information, and we have taken reasonable care in extracting and reproducing such information. We have no reason to believe that such information is false or that any fact has been omitted that would render such information misleading. The information from official and non-official sources in this section has been independently verified by CIC, but not by us, the Joint Sponsors, the [REDACTED], the [REDACTED], the [REDACTED], any of the [REDACTED], any of their respective directors and advisers, or any other persons or parties involved in the [REDACTED]. Our Directors confirm that, after making reasonable enquiries, there is no adverse change in the market information since the date of the CIC Report that would qualify, contradict or have a material impact on the information in this Section. OVERVIEW OF HEALTHCARE INDUSTRY IN CHINA The healthcare industry is an important part of China’s national economy. China’s healthcare expenditure is significant and has been growing steadily, from RMB4,097.5 billion in 2015 to RMB7,325.3 billion in 2020, at a CAGR of 12.3%. -
Research Guide to West China Medical Missions (1850-1950)
Research Guide to West China Medical Missions (1850-1950) 40 Oak Street | Toronto, ON | M5A 2C6 Tel: 416-231-7680 ext. 1101 | Email: [email protected] Last Update: August 01, 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY OF WEST CHINA MEDICAL MISSIONS ............................................ 5 THE RECORDS .................................................................................................................................. 8 FONDS 502: UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA BOARD OF OVERSEAS MISSIONS FONDS. -- .... 9 FONDS 503: UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA BOARD OF WORLD MISSION FONDS. -- ......... 160 FONDS 505: UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY FONDS. -- . 164 FONDS 500: UNITED CHURCH OF CANADA GENERAL COUNCIL FONDS-- 1925-present. ... 190 FONDS 14: METHODIST CHURCH (CANADA) MISSIONARY SOCIETY FONDS. -- [ca. .......... 196 FONDS 15: METHODIST CHURCH (CANADA) WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY FONDS. - 215 PERSONAL PAPERS ..................................................................................................................... 217 FONDS 3133: CECIL MAGEE HOFFMAN FONDS. -- 1908-1979. -- 7 cm of textual records; ..... 217 FONDS 3184: ERNEST BLACK STRUTHERS FONDS. -- 1912-1973. -- 87 cm of textual .......... 217 FONDS 3190: CHARLES W. SERVICE FONDS. -- 1930. -- 1 cm of textual records .................... 223 FONDS 3200: WILLIAM JOHN SHERIDAN FONDS. -- 1912-1935. -
Research on the Evaluation of Agricultural Disaster Resistance in Henan Province Based on GIS Technology
E3S Web of Conferences 189, 01013 (2020) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018901013 ASTFE 2020 Research on the Evaluation of Agricultural Disaster Resistance in Henan Province Based on GIS Technology Hong Han1, Guanghui Feng1,*, Guoqu Deng1 1School of Management, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, Henan, China Abstract.Using the University of Notre Dame Global Climate Adaptation Index (ND-GAIN) assessment model for reference, the assessment system and model of agricultural disaster resistance in Henan Province are constructed.The spatial characteristics of agricultural disaster resistance subsystem (vulnerability and preparedness) of 18 cities in Henan Province in 2018 were studied by using GIS technology from six perspctives such as sensitivity, exposure, emergency, management, capacity to analyze. The results show that the agricultural disaster resistance ability of Henan Province is in the middle to lower level, showing the spatial difference pattern of high in the west, low in the southeast and weak in the north and south; the difference of vulnerability index is small, and the difference of preparedness index is large; the difference in the degree of preparedness is the main reason for the obvious difference in the level of agricultural disaster resistance; the development of agricultural disaster resistance in different regions is not balanced, and the disaster resistance in Zhengzhou is the strongest, followed by Luoyang and Sanmenxia, Zhoukou and Zhumadian are less resilient. 1 Introduction destructive outcomes that enable the organizational system to repair disasters and adaptive processes that Agricultural disasters have profoundly affected the social improve the ability to respond to threats through the stability and healthy economic development of China for reorganization, transformation and learning of social a long time. -
Plurality in Qing Imperial Medicine: Examining Institutional Formations
Asia Pacific Perspectives ∙ Fall/Winter 2013–14 Plurality in Qing Imperial Medicine: Examining Institutional Formations Beyond the Imperial Medical Bureau Sare Aricanli, Princeton University Abstract This article illustrates the value of using the lens of institutional history to study imperial medicine. Identifying and incorporating a range of organizations and posts into the narrative of imperial medicine in eighteenth-century China shows the breadth of medical activity during this time. The most familiar institution of imperial medicine is the Imperial Medical Bureau, and this study argues that we can greatly benefit from including the history of other formations such as the Imperial Pharmacy and the Ministry of Imperial Stables, Herds, and Carriages. Such an outlook reveals the overlapping spheres of institutions, practitioners, and medicinals between human and equine medicine, implies that ethnicity may have been a factor in the organization of medicine, and points to a wider range of medical practitioners and patients within the imperial realm. Furthermore, multiplicity did not only exist among institutions and practitioners, but also on the linguistic level, as evidenced by the divergence in the meaning of some Manchu and Chinese terminology. Finally, these pluralities suggest that an understanding of imperial medicine as being limited to the Imperial Medical Bureau greatly underestimates the diversity of institutions, posts, ethnicities, and languages within the eighteenth-century Chinese imperial medical world. Keywords: imperial medicine, Imperial Medical Bureau, Imperial Pharmacy, equine care Introduction The history of Chinese medicine has benefited greatly from narratives that rest http://www.usfca.edu/pacificrim/perspectives/ on the textual tradition. Chinese medicine is, however, reflected quite differently through the lenses of textual and institutional history. -
Adverse Drug Reactions of Yunnan Baiyao Capsule: a Multi-Center Intensive Monitoring Study in China
118 Original Article Page 1 of 11 Adverse drug reactions of Yunnan Baiyao capsule: a multi-center intensive monitoring study in China Bo Li1#, Shuo Feng1#, Zhi-Hong Wu2,3#, Joey S. W. Kwong4, Jing Hu1, Nan Wu2,3, Gui-Hua Tian5, Hong-Cai Shang5, Gui-Xing Qiu2,3 1Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100010, China; 2Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; 3Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, Beijing 100730, China; 4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan; 5Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China Contributions: (I) Conception and design: HC Shang, GX Qiu; (II) Administrative support: None; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: B Li, ZH Wu; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: S Feng, ZH Wu, N Wu; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: S Feng, B Li; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors. #These authors contributed equally to this work. Correspondence to: Hong-Cai Shang. Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 5 Haiyuncang, Beijing 100700, China. Email: [email protected]; Gui-Xing Qiu. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Bone and Joint Disease, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Beijing 100730, China. Email: [email protected]. Background: Yunnan Baiyao capsule (YBC), a marketed herbal medicine in mainland China, is widely used to control bleeding.