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Guidance for Sports Injury Surveillance: the 20- Year Influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary Caroline F Finch, Carolyn Staines

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Guidance for Sports Injury Surveillance: the 20- Year Influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary Caroline F Finch, Carolyn Staines IP Online First, published on December 27, 2017 as 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580 Systematic review Inj Prev: first published as 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580 on 27 December 2017. Downloaded from Guidance for sports injury surveillance: the 20- year influence of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary Caroline F Finch, Carolyn Staines Australian Centre for Research ABSTRACT the National Collegiate Athletic Association injury into Injury in Sport and its Background Injury prevention requires information surveillance system is used specifically in the Amer- Prevention (ACRISP), Federation 4 University Australia, Ballarat, about how, why, where and when injuries occur. The ican collegiate sporting system and the Interna- Victoria, Australia Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) was tional Olympic Committee’s Injury Surveillance developed to guide sports injury data collection and System has been used widely during large-scale 5 Correspondence to reporting. Sports Medicine Australia (SMA) disseminated multisport events. There is no nationwide sports Professor Caroline F Finch, associated data collection forms and an online tool injury surveillance system in Australia. However, Australian Centre for Research to practitioners and the sports community. This paper since 1998, guidance for sports injury surveillance into Injury in Sport and its assesses the long-term value, usefulness and relevance of has been provided through the Australian Sports Prevention (ACRISP), Federation 6 University Australia, Ballarat, the ASIDD and SMA tools. Injury Data Dictionary (ASIDD) and associated Victoria 3353, Australia; c. Methods A systematic search strategy identified both resources disseminated by the national sports medi- finch@ federation. edu. au peer-reviewed and grey literature that used the ASIDD cine authority, Sports Medicine Australia (SMA). and/or the SMA tools, during 1997–2016. A text-based Received 10 September 2017 Revised 21 November 2017 search was conducted within 10 electronic databases, Accepted 27 November 2017 as well as a Google Image search for the SMA tools. Contextual background to the Australian Sports Documents were categorised according to ASIDD use Injury Data Dictionary development as: (1) collected injury data; (2) informed data coding; In Australia during the mid-late 1990s, consider- (3) developed an injury data collection tool and/or (4) able attention was given to the availability of robust injury surveillance systems, to support the need for reference only. copyright. 7–10 Results Of the 36 peer-reviewed articles, 83% directly data to inform injury prevention strategies. In referred to ASIDD and 17% mentioned SMA tools. ASIDD 1997, the Australian Sports Injury Prevention Task- was mainly used for data coding (42%), reference (36%), force (ASIPT), which was a joint body representing data collection (17%) or resource development (14%). the Australian Sports Commission and the Federal In contrast, 86% of 66 grey literature sources referenced, Department of Health, developed a national sports 9 11 used or modified the SMA data collection forms. safety framework, Sportsafe Australia. A key http://injuryprevention.bmj.com/ Conclusions The ASIDD boasts a long history of use recommendation from this framework was the and relevance. Its ongoing use by practitioners has development of a national sports injury surveillance 7 11 been facilitated by the ready availability of specific data system. The Sportsafe framework was in accord collection forms by SMA for them to apply to directly with the recommendations of an earlier national their settings. Injury prevention practitioners can be feasibility study into a national sports injury strongly engaged in injury surveillance activities when surveillance in Australia which had advocated for formal guidance is supported by user-friendly tools the development of standardised data collection directly relevant to their settings and practice. procedures and coding systems specifically for the Australian sports setting.12 That feasibility study included a review of the sports injury surveillance practices of the time and a sports injury surveillance INTRODUCTION needs analysis. Key sports injury surveillance items on September 29, 2021 by guest. Protected The prevention of sports injury is a primary focus were identified from the literature. Best practice for health promotion agencies and sporting bodies from national and international injury surveillance across all levels of participation, from elite athletes systems were summarised, including from the then to community sport to active recreational pursuits. current Australian National Minimum Dataset for According to the Translating Research into Injury Injury Surveillance (NDS-IS), the currently used Prevention Practice framework,1 injury surveillance International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revi- provides essential data to drive the development sion (ICD-9) and recent developments from the and implementation of injury prevention strate- ICD Tenth Revision (ICD-10). These injury coding gies. Standardised injury data collection is therefore systems were the most widely used in Australia in crucial to underpin the provision of safe opportuni- the 1990s, but largely for hospital data collections ties for all those who participate in sport. (eg, hospital admissions data and emergency depart- To cite: Finch CF, Injury surveillance is the standardised, routine ment presentations). Concurrently, in clinical sports Staines C.Inj Prev Published Online First: [please include and ongoing process of collecting data relating medicine settings, there was increasing recognition 2 Day Month Year]. to injury occurrence and its causes. Worldwide, of the value of the Orchard Sports Injury Classifi- doi:10.1136/ there are numerous injury surveillance systems cation Scheme (OSICS)13 for coding sports injury injuryprev-2017-042580 used in specific sporting contexts.3 For example, diagnoses. Finch CF, Staines C. Inj Prev 2017;0:1–9. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580 1 Copyright Article author (or their employer) 2017. Produced by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd under licence. Systematic review Inj Prev: first published as 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042580 on 27 December 2017. Downloaded from It was considered by the general sports injury prevention the 1990s, SMA provided open access to the generic form and community that injury surveillance guidance for use outside of the 18 sport specific forms on its website and still does today hospital settings was urgently required. This was particularly (see http:// sma. org. au/ resources- advice/ sports- injuries/ injury- needed for clinical sports medicine practice and for field-side record- form/). These are available for access by both Australians reporting of injuries as they occurred during sport participation. and non-Australians. To achieve this, the Australian Sports Injury Data Working Party A later development arising from the ASIDD, and led by (ASIDWP) was established as a national committee by the ASIPT the Victorian Branch of SMA, was the production of an online to provide standardised guidelines for the collection of sports sports injury surveillance system—Sports Injury Tracker (http:// injury data in Australia. It comprised experts from the fields of sma. org. au/ resources- advice/ sports- injuries/ injury- reporting- epidemiology, statistics, database management/computing, injury form/). This tool aimed to enable community-sports organisa- surveillance, sports administration and clinical sports medicine. tions to record, store and analyse sports injury data. This work Its efforts resulted in the publication of the ASIDD in 1998.6 by SMA-Victoria was fully funded over 6 years by the Victorian Government (via Sport and Recreation Victoria). Structure of the Australian Sports Injury Data Dictionary The ASIDWP agreed on a coding manual (ie, the ASIDD) which Aims categorised data items with defined variables. Category 1 items The purpose of this paper is to describe the extent to which the were considered ‘Core’ and should be present in all data collec- ASIDD has been employed over its 20-year existence, including tion opportunities. Category 2 items were ‘Strongly Recom- where, in what way and by whom. It is intended that the findings mended’ to provide for additional injury related information, will contribute to ongoing discussions about the future value of especially around their causation. Category 3 items were those ASIDD and the associated SMA resources (ie, the sport-specific ‘Recommended’ for further data related to the event. Elements injury surveillance data collection forms and the online Sports of the items were chosen to be consistent with both the ICD and Injury Tracker web tool) as well as sports injury data collections OSICS. globally. The development of the ASIDD addressed some of the issues in the area of injury of surveillance that were present at the time METHODS in Australia. For example, the earlier needs analysis demon- Literature search strated that sports injury data were being collected in a range of To identify all literature that had used the ASIDD or SMA’s asso- settings by a range of professionals with varying levels of exper- ciated injury reporting forms or SMA-Victoria’s Sports Injury tise and data infrastructure;12 therefore, the document needed to Tracker (hereafter collectively referred to as the SMA tools), two be user friendly yet comprehensive. The primary injury surveil- copyright. search strategies were employed for literature published
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