DOCSLIB.ORG

Characteristic of Water Sources in Malang, Based on the Diversity, Community Structure, and the Role of Herpetofauna As Bioindicator

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Characteristic of Water Sources in Malang, Based on the Diversity, Community Structure, and the Role of Herpetofauna As Bioindicator EurAsian Journal of BioSciences Eurasia J Biosci 13, 2279-2283 (2019) Characteristic of water sources in Malang, based on the diversity, community structure, and the role of herpetofauna as bioindicator Bagus Priambodo 1*, Hamri Permana 2, Farid Akhsani 1, Sri Endah Indriwati 1, Sansareeya Wangkulangkul 3, Sri Rahayu Lestari 1, Fatchur Rohman 1 1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, INDONESIA 2 Graduate Student of Biology Education, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang 65145, INDONESIA 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, THAILAND *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The existences of water sources have some great benefit for the human and the environment. Unfortunately, increasing human activities such as industrial activities, land-use conversion as agricultural areas, and tourist attractions are negatively affect water sources. Several water sources in Malang are reported to have decreased in quantity and quality. To conserve the water sources, the first step to overcome the decline is to examine the ecosystem with the biological indicator such as herpetofauna. We expected that each water source has specific characteristics of herpetofauna composition. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate some water source characters based on the presence of herpetofauna as a bioindicator of an ecosystem. We have explored 2 water sources (Sumber Kendedes & Sumber Waras) by Visual Encounter Survey method to collect the data. We found 10 species of Reptiles (Including in 6 Families; Gekkonidae, Scincidae, Elapidae, Agamidae, and Varanidae) and 5 species of Amphibians (Including in 4 Families; Ranidae, Rhacophoridae, Dicroglossidae, and Bufonidae). Based on the H’ index, both water sources are categorized as a moderate level of diversity. Chalcorana chalconota is the most common species and dominated in both areas. Thus, C. chalconota can be an indicator that the population is in suitable habitat and supports its growth. The number of amphibian individuals is higher than the number of reptile individuals, illustrating the good condition of the ecosystem. The similar invention of Xenochrophis piscator and Bungarus candidus were occurred in both locations, point out the specific characters of the water source. The presence of an aquatic environment in water source makes frog and fish are well-distributed. Hence, those two snakes mainly feed on frog and fish, as the main predator. Besides, the existence of C. chalconota in the aquatic ecosystem also be a character of a water source, especially in Malang. Keywords: aquatic ecosystem, bioindicator, herpetofauna, water source Priambodo B, Permana H, Akhsani F, Indriwati SE, Wangkulangkul S, Lestari SR, Rohman F (2019) Characteristic of water sources in Malang, based on the diversity, community structure, and the role of herpetofauna as bioindicator. Eurasia J Biosci 13: 2279-2283. © 2019 Priambodo et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. INTRODUCTION sources from the degradation, the first step we can do was to determine the ecosystem quality. The water availability from water sources provides The interactions of physical, chemical, and biological many advantages for people and the environment aspect in the aquatic ecosystem were inconvenient and around it. According to the infrastructure development difficult to measure. Consequently, to provide qualitative and increasing population, it is necessary to maintain the information to evaluate the ecological resource, we quality and quantity of water sources, to ensure the might use the biological indicators (Philips and Rainbow availability for the supply of various types of needs 1993). Biological indicators of the aquatic and terrestrial (ESDM 2007). ecosystem areas have been widely known (Burger and Generally, the degradation of water quality and Gochfeld 2001). Organisms that could be used to be quantity is caused by human activities, such as industrial activity, and habitat alteration to be a tourist spot (Effendi 2003). Effendi (2003) explained that those activities cause disturbances, damage, and affect all living things Received: March 2019 who need water sources. In order to preserve the water Accepted: September 2019 Printed: December 2019 2279 EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 13: 2279-2283 (2019) Priambodo et al. bioindicators include microbes, plants, and animals (Burger and Gochfeld 2001). The presence of Herpetofauna (Amphibians and Reptiles) in an ecosystem can be used to determine the environmental conditions (Wilson and McCranie 2003). Ecologically, herpetofauna has an important role as first consumers and the predators (Iskandar 1998). Especially amphibians are very sensitive to the environmental changes so it could help to monitor the ecosystem damage (Stebbins and Cohen 1997). The declining population and diversity of herpetofauna represent habitat alteration, climate change, disease, and species introduction (Beebee and Griffiths 2005, Gardner et al. 2007). Based on those facts, quantifying the condition of the water source ecosystem and the pattern of herpetofauna diversity is urgently required. Therefore, We aim to determine characters of water sources based on the community structure of herpetofauna as bioindicators. METHODS This research was conducted at two Water Sources, including Sumber Kendedes in Singosari District (7° 8819442’ S , 112° 651523’ E, ± 500 m above sea level) and Sumber Waras in Lawang District (7° 844208’ S , 112° 6895819’ E, ± 400 m above sea level), Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. Visual Encounter Survey or exploration method was used to Fig. 1. The images at the field. The species information (from the left to right & from the top down): Chalcorana collect the data based on visual discovery. We have chalconota, Duttaprhynus melanostictus, Polypedates performed a community structure analyses which leucomystax, Fejervarya cancrivora, Draco volans, includes Diversity Index (H’), Important Value Index Cyrtodactylus sp., Ahaetulla prasina, and Varanus salvator (Dominance Index), and Evenness Index (E). To measure the community structure we need to 1.5 ≤ H ‘≥ 3,5 : moderate level of diversity calculate the data then obtain the Density (Di), Relative H ‘> 3.5 : high level of diversity Density (RDi), Frequency (Fi), and Relative Frequency Evenness Index was used to find out the evenness (RFi) (Krebs 1989). of each species in a community that’s found (Pielou RDi = Di/ΣD 1975). This index was calculated with the following RDi: Relative Density formula: Di: Density E = H’/ln S ΣD: Total Density E: evenness index RFi = Fi/ΣF H’: diversity index RFi: Relative Frequency ln: natural logarithm Fi: Frequency S: number of species ΣF: Total Frequency Important Value Index = RDi + RFi RESULTS RDi: Relative Density RFi: Relative Density The use of water sources for washing and tourist To gain the Diversity Index (H’), We used a Shannon- destination might affect the diversity of fauna, especially Wiener (Krebs 1989) with the following formula : herpetofauna. Our observation reveals that in total, we H’ = - Σ Pi ln Pi found 5 Amphibians (Table 1) and 10 Reptiles Species H’: Diversity Index (Table 2). The Amphibians found were Ranidae Pi: the proportion of the first species in the total (Chalcorana chalconota & Hylarana nicobariensis), sample Dicroglossidae (Fejervarya cancrivora), and Bufonidae Ln Pi: natural logarithm of Pi (Duttaphrynus melanostictus). Whereas the Reptiles H’ Categories: found in this study are as follows: Gekkonidae (Gekko H ‘<1.5: low level of diversity gecko, Cyrtodactylus sp. & Hemydactylus frenatus), 2280 EurAsian Journal of BioSciences 13: 2279-2283 (2019) Priambodo et al. Table 1. List of Amphibians at both water sources scores (Table 3) meaning there is a dominating species Species Family Individuals in both locations. Duttaphrynus melanostictus Bufonidae 14 Chalcorana chalconota Ranidae 58 According to the evenness index, the important value Hylarana nicobariensis Ranidae 4 index shows appropriate results that there is a species Fejervarya cancrivora Dicroglossidae 1 that dominate the ecosystem. Chalcorana chalconota Polypedates leucomystax Rhacophoridae 5 (will be mentioned with C. Chalconota hereinafter) was observed to be the most common species at both Table 2. List of Reptiles at both water sources Species Family Individuals locations. the dominance percentage of C. Chalconota Bronchocela jubata Agamidae 9 were 62.3% and 40.48% for Kendedes Water Source Draco volans Agamidae 1 and Waras Water Source, respectively ( ). After C. Eutropis multifasciata Scincidae 4 Fig. 2 Gecko gekko Gekkonidae 5 Chalconota, the most frequently encountered species Hemidactylus frenatus Gekkonidae 18 were Hemidactylus frenatus and Duttaprhynus Cyrtodactylus sp. Gekkonidae 5 Bungarus candidus Elapidae 3 melanostictus. Xenochrophis piscator Colubridae 6 Ahaetulla prasina Colubridae 1 DISCUSSION Varanus salvator Varanidae 1 Two observed water sources were categorized at a Table 3. Diversity Index (H’) and Evenness Index (E) moderate level of diversity (H’). Gray (1981) showed that Location Diversity Evenness the low diversity index value at an area can be caused Sumber Kendedes 1,7 0.7 by the unequal number of individuals of each species Sumber Waras 2,1 0.8 (Gray 1981). Our finding shows appropriate results to Grey (1981), indicate that the number of individuals was Scincidae (Eutropis multifasiciata),
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amfibi Dan Reptil Sumatera Selatan: Areal Sembilang-Dangku Dan Sekitarnya
    AMFIBI DAN REPTIL SUMATERA SELATAN: AREAL SEMBILANG-DANGKU DAN SEKITARNYA MIRZA D. KUSRINI AMFIBI DAN REPTIL SUMATERA SELATAN: Areal Sembilang-Dangku dan Sekitarnya Penulis: Mirza Dikari Kusrini Desain Sampul dan Tata letak: Nathan Rusli, Arief Tajalli Foto: Mirza D. Kusrini, kecuali disebutkan yang lainnya Korektor Bahasa: Meutia Esti Handini, Nathan Rusli Cetakan pertama, April 2020 Hak Cipta dilindungi oleh undang-undang. Dilarang memperbanyak karya tulis ini dalam bentuk dan dengan cara apapun tanpa izin tertulis dari penerbit Foto Sampul Depan: Gonocephalus liogaster ©Arief Tajalli Foto Sampul Dalam: Dendrelaphis pictus ©Arief Tajalli Foto Sampul Belakang: Polypedates leucomystax ©Fata Habibburahman Faz PUSTAKA MEDIA KONSERVASI Diterbitkan oleh Fakultas Kehutanan IPB dan Penggalang Perhim- punan Herpetologi (PHI) bekerjasama dengan Program Kelola Sen- dang, ZSL Indonesia Program ISBN: 978-623-92487-3-4 AMFIBI DAN REPTIL SUMATERA SELATAN: AREAL SEMBILANG-DANGKU DAN SEKITARNYA MIRZA DIKARI KUSRINI DAFTAR ISI Tentang Buku ini 01 Tentang Amfibi dan Reptil 02 Habitat Amfibi dan Reptil 10 Ekosistem di Sumatera Selatan 18 Mencari Amfibi dan Reptil 2 Amfibi dan Reptil di Areal Sembilang-Dangku dan Sekitarnya 26 Jenis-jenis Amfibi 30 Jenis-jenis Reptil 48 Pelatihan dan GO ARK 2019 70 Daftar Pustaka 81 UCAPAN TERIMAKASIH Ucapan terimakasih disampaikan kepada para pihak yang telah mem- bantu pembuatan buku ini terutama kepada para fotografer yang menyumbangkan foto-foto menawan, antara lain Arief Tajalli, Aria Nusantara, Aristyo Dwi Putro, Akbar Surya, Doni Setiawan, Fata Habiburahman Faz, Fitri Kusriyanti, Heru Kurniawan, Mediyansyah, M. Alif, M. Irfansyah Lubis, M. Yusuf, Milla Rahmania, Nathan Rusli, Rahmat Hidayat, Umar Fadli Kennedi, dan Pramitama Bayu Saputro. Ucapan terimakasih juga disampaikan kepada para pelatih pada pe- latihan amfibi Reptil Kita di Palembang dan PT GAL: Awal Riyanto (LIPI), Amir Hamidy (LIPI), Arief Tajalli, Yusratul Aini, dan M.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Cascade Frog of the Subgenus Odorrana from Peninsular Malaysia
    ZOOLOGICAL SCIENCE 23: 647–651 (2006) 2006 Zoological Society of Japan A New Cascade Frog of the Subgenus Odorrana from Peninsular Malaysia Masafumi Matsui1* and Ibrahim Jaafar 2 1Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan 2Biological Sciences Program, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia We describe a new species of cascade frog of the genus Rana, from west Malaysia. Rana monjerai, new species is a medium-sized frog of the subgenus Odorrana (SVL of males, 38–43 mm; of one female, 75 mm), and is distinguished from all other members of this subgenus by the combination of: white lip stripe, dorsolateral fold, full web on the fourth toe, vomerine teeth, gular vocal pouch and relatively large tympanum in males, no dorsal marking, no clear light spots on rear of thigh, first finger subequal to second, finely tuberculated dorsum, and unpigmented ova. The significance of finding this species from peninsular Malaysia is discussed. Key words: cryptic species, Rana, new species, Southeast Asia, taxonomy, zoogeography ficially resembling R. hosii, which the senior author (Matsui, INTRODUCTION unpublished data) had obtained at higher elevations on the Along mountain streams in subtropical and tropical same mountain. Later examination of these specimens, regions of East to Southeast Asia, there are small to however, revealed that they are clearly different from R. medium-sized, long-legged ranid frogs represented by spe- hosii in the presence of gular pouches in males. Further cies like R. narina Stejneger, 1901 from the Ryukyu Archi- study of the specimens by consulting with a recent review of pelago of Japan; R.
    [Show full text]
  • Frog Species Previously Assigned to the Genus Hylarana (Amphibia: Anura)
    Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2017) 41: 876-891 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-1701-36 Microhabitat partitioning of closely related Sarawak (Malaysian Borneo) frog species previously assigned to the genus Hylarana (Amphibia: Anura) 1, 2 2 2 Ramlah ZAINUDIN *, Badrul Munir MD ZAIN , Norhayati AHMAD , Shukor M. NOR 1 Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2 School of Environment and Natural Resources Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Received: 27.01.2017 Accepted/Published Online: 17.04.2017 Final Version: 28.09.2017 Abstract: Microhabitats play an important role as resources that are partitioned between phylogenetically related or ecologically similar species (i.e., a guild). This hypothesis was tested by first elucidating phylogenetically closed Sarawak frog species via DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA mitochondrial DNA gene, and later determining their microhabitat guild and partitioning via nonmetric dimensional scale. Mitochondrial 16S gene revealed 5 monophyletic groups consisting of Hylarana erythraea + Amnirana nicobariensis, Chalcorana raniceps, Abavorana luctuosa, Pulchrana signata + P. picturata, and P. baramica + P. glandulosa + P. laterimaculata. On the other hand, microhabitat utilization grouped the frogs into 5 ecological guilds consisting of semiarboreal species at the forest edge (C. raniceps), ground dwellers in an unforested region (H. erythraea), ground dwellers (rock) at the forest edge (P. picturata), ground dwellers on the forest floor and forest edge species (P. signata, P. glandulosa, A. luctuosa, O. hosii), and semiarboreal forest (riverine) species (P. baramica). Thus, the microhabitats used were not influenced by the proposed phylogenetic relationships.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 45 Study of Reptile and Amphibian Diversity at Ledok Amprong Poncokusumo, Malang East Ja
    Study of Reptile and Amphibian Diversity at Ledok Amprong Poncokusumo, Malang East Java 1)* 1) 1) 1) 1) Luhur Septiadi , Berry Fakhry Hanifa , Ainul Khatimah , Yunita Indawati , Muhammad Zakaria Alwi , 1) Muhammad Prayogi Erfanda 1)Department of Biology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Jl. Gajayana No.50, Malang, Indonesia *)Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Malang is one of the areas that have a high diversity of reptiles and amphibians because of the strategic ecosystem but still minimal in terms of research publications. The purpose of this study was to know the diversity of reptiles and amphibian through the existence of herpetofauna species, microhabitat and indicator species. Data was collected during the rainy season, once a month in the period of three months from October 2017 to January 2018 at night. Data collection was conducted using the Virtual Encounter Survey method with different zones and limited by time. The collected specimens were identified with the guidance of literatures. The collected specimens were then preserved at the Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State Islamic University of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Then, the data was analyzed to obtain the diversity index, frequency and dominance. The result showed that the number of reptiles found in the location site was seven species consisting of Famili Gekkonidae, Scincidae, Agamidae and Elapidae. Mean while for the species of amphibians, it was obtained nine species consisting of Famili Bufonidae, Ranidae, Rhacophoridae, Dicroglossidae, and Microhylidae. The ecosystem consisted of four habitat types including terrestrial, arboreal, semi-aquatic and aquatic. However, based on the value of diversity index, relative frequency, and dominance value, as well as the indicator species, this area has a relatively low diversity, the disturbed environment and therefore conservation efforts need to be undertaken.
    [Show full text]
  • BOA5.1-2 Frog Biology, Taxonomy and Biodiversity
    The Biology of Amphibians Agnes Scott College Mark Mandica Executive Director The Amphibian Foundation [email protected] 678 379 TOAD (8623) Phyllomedusidae: Agalychnis annae 5.1-2: Frog Biology, Taxonomy & Biodiversity Part 2, Neobatrachia Hylidae: Dendropsophus ebraccatus CLassification of Order: Anura † Triadobatrachus Ascaphidae Leiopelmatidae Bombinatoridae Alytidae (Discoglossidae) Pipidae Rhynophrynidae Scaphiopopidae Pelodytidae Megophryidae Pelobatidae Heleophrynidae Nasikabatrachidae Sooglossidae Calyptocephalellidae Myobatrachidae Alsodidae Batrachylidae Bufonidae Ceratophryidae Cycloramphidae Hemiphractidae Hylodidae Leptodactylidae Odontophrynidae Rhinodermatidae Telmatobiidae Allophrynidae Centrolenidae Hylidae Dendrobatidae Brachycephalidae Ceuthomantidae Craugastoridae Eleutherodactylidae Strabomantidae Arthroleptidae Hyperoliidae Breviceptidae Hemisotidae Microhylidae Ceratobatrachidae Conrauidae Micrixalidae Nyctibatrachidae Petropedetidae Phrynobatrachidae Ptychadenidae Ranidae Ranixalidae Dicroglossidae Pyxicephalidae Rhacophoridae Mantellidae A B † 3 † † † Actinopterygian Coelacanth, Tetrapodomorpha †Amniota *Gerobatrachus (Ray-fin Fishes) Lungfish (stem-tetrapods) (Reptiles, Mammals)Lepospondyls † (’frogomander’) Eocaecilia GymnophionaKaraurus Caudata Triadobatrachus 2 Anura Sub Orders Super Families (including Apoda Urodela Prosalirus †) 1 Archaeobatrachia A Hyloidea 2 Mesobatrachia B Ranoidea 1 Anura Salientia 3 Neobatrachia Batrachia Lissamphibia *Gerobatrachus may be the sister taxon Salientia Temnospondyls
    [Show full text]
  • 145-152 Zunika Amit.Pmd
    Malays. Appl. Biol. (2018) 47(6): 145–152 ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED PEPTIDES ISOLATED FROM THE SKIN SECRETIONS OF BORNEAN FROGS IN THE FAMILY OF RANIDAE MUNA SABRI1,2, ELIZABETH JEGA JENGGUT1, RAMLAH ZAINUDIN3 and ZUNIKA AMIT1* 1Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Centre of PreUniversity Studies, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia *E-mail: [email protected] Accepted 20 December 2018, Published online 31 December 2018 The emergence of drug resistant bacteria has now the head and neck of the frogs (Rollin-Smith et al., become a major public health problem worldwide 2002). Most AMPs are cationic in nature and share (Cohen, 2000; Kumarasamy et al., 2010; Sengupta a net positive charge at neutral pH with the high et al., 2013). WHO report (2017) on global content of hydrophobic residues and an amphipathic surveillance of antimicrobial resistance revealed a character (Galdiero et al., 2013; Power & Hancock, widespread development of resistance in both gram 2003). These characteristics allow the frog skin positive and gram negative bacteria which had peptides to kill bacteria through cell lysis by threatened millions of people worldwide. A rapid binding to negatively charged components of the increase in the number of drug-resistant bacteria bacterial membrane (Schadich et al., 2013). The and the incidence nosocomial infections pose a AMPs attract attention due to their effectiveness in challenge to conventional therapies using existing killing both gram-negative and gram-positive antibiotics, leading to the need in finding bacteria, without any of the undesirable effects of alternative microbicides to control these infections antibiotic resistance (Conlon and Sonnevand, 2011; (Lakshmaiah et al., 2015).
    [Show full text]
  • Komposisi Jenis Katak (Anura) Di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung, Kalimantan Barat
    Protobiont (2018) Vol. 7 (3) : 97 –110 Komposisi Jenis Katak (Anura) di Taman Nasional Gunung Palung, Kalimantan Barat 1 1 1 Margie Surahman , Junardi , Tri Rima Setyawati 1Program Studi Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Tanjungpura, l. Prof. Dr. H. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, email korespondensi: [email protected] Abstract The population of frogs in Gunung Palung National Park is indicating a decline due to habitat degradation and hunting. The aim of this research is to determine the species of Anura at five habitat with using Complete Species Inventories (CSI) method combined with Time Search method. The study found 27 Anura species included in 6 families namely Megophryidae (Megophrys nasuta), Bufonidae (Ansonia sp. and A. spinulifer), Microhylidae (Microhyla malang, and M. perparva), Ranidae (Meristogenys jerboa, M. whiteheadi and Staurois guttatus), Dicroglossidae (Limnonectes leporinus and L. kuhlii), and Rhacophoridae (Kurixalus appendiculatus, Rhacophorus sp., R. gauni, and R. pardalis). Kata kunci: Anura, Hutan Kerangas, Gunung Palung, Habitat. PENDAHULUAN menurunnya populasi katak akibat rusaknya keseimbangan ekosistem dan hilangnya habitat Taman Nasonal Gunung Palung (TNGP) yang potensial bagi kehidupan katak. Hal ini pernah merupakan salah satu kawasan konservasi yang terjadi di kawasan TNGP pada tahun 2010. Menurut terdapat di Kalimantan Barat. Taman Nasional Rifanjani (2015) TNGP telah mengalami penurunan terletak di Kabupaten Kayong Utara dengan luas kerapatan hutan sebesar 29,25%. total 90.000 Ha, yang menjadi pusat penelitian flora dan fauna, yaitu Cabang Panti. Ancama lain yang dapat menurunkan populasi katak adalah perburuan. Perburuan yang dilakukan Cabang Panti (CP) memiliki luas total 2100 Ha masyarakat di sekitar kawasan umumnya dilakukan dengan 8 tipe habitat yang berbeda, yaitu habitat untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari seperti hutan rawa gambut, habitat rawa air bening, aluvial, untuk kosumsi dan perdagangan.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Guide to the Amphibians and Turtles of the Deramakot and Tangkulap Pinangah Forest Reserves
    Field guide to the amphibians and turtles of the Deramakot and Tangkulap Pinangah Forest Reserves Created by: Sami Asad, Victor Vitalis and Adi Shabrani INTRODUCTION The island of Borneo possesses a diverse array of amphibian species with more than 180 species currently described. Despite the high diversity of Bornean amphibians, data on their ecology, behaviour, life history and responses to disturbance are poorly understood. Amphibians play important roles within tropical ecosystems, providing prey for many species and predating invertebrates. This group is particularly sensitive to changes in habitat (particularly changes in temperature, water quality and micro-habitat availability). As such, the presence of a diverse amphibian community is a good indicator of a healthy forest ecosystem. The Deramakot (DFR) and Tangkulap Pinangah Forest Reserves (TPFR) are located in Sabah’s north Kinabatangan region (Figure. 1). The DFR is certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) and utilizes Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) techniques. The neighbouring TPFR has utilized Conventional Logging (CL) techniques. Conventional logging ceased in the TPFR in 2001, and the area’s forests are now at varying stages of regeneration. Previous research by the Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research (IZW), shows that these concessions support very high mammalian diversity. Figure. 1: Location of the Deramakot (DFR) and Tangkulap Pinangah Forest Reserves (TPFR) in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. Between the years 2017 – 2019, an amphibian and reptile research project conducted in collaboration between the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN), IZW and the Sabah Forestry Department (SFD) identified high amphibian diversity within the reserves. In total 52 amphibian species have been recorded (including one caecilian), constituting 27% of Borneo’s total amphibian diversity, comparable to two neighbouring unlogged sites (Maliau basin: 59 sp, Danum Valley: 55 sp).
    [Show full text]
  • App 10-CHA V13-16Jan'18.1.1
    Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Report (ESIA) – Appendix 10 Project Number: 50330-001 February 2018 INO: Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Project (Phase 2) Prepared by PT Supreme Energy Rantau Dedap (PT SERD) for Asian Development Bank The environmental and social impact assessment is a document of the project sponsor. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB’s Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “Terms of Use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of or any territory or area. Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Plant, Lahat Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province Critical Habitat Assessment Version 13 January 2018 The business of sustainability FINAL REPORT Supreme Energy Rantau Dedap Geothermal Power Plant, Lahat Regency, Muara Enim Regency, Pagar Alam City, South Sumatra Province Critical Habitat Assessment January 2018 Reference: 0383026 CH Assessment SERD Environmental Resources Management Siam Co. Ltd 179 Bangkok City Tower 24th Floor, South Sathorn Road Thungmahamek, Sathorn Bangkok 10120 Thailand www.erm.com This page left intentionally blank (Remove after printing to PDF) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT 1 1.2 QUALIFICATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Gekkotan Lizard Taxonomy
    3% 5% 2% 4% 3% 5% H 2% 4% A M A D R Y 3% 5% A GEKKOTAN LIZARD TAXONOMY 2% 4% D ARNOLD G. KLUGE V O 3% 5% L 2% 4% 26 NO.1 3% 5% 2% 4% 3% 5% 2% 4% J A 3% 5% N 2% 4% U A R Y 3% 5% 2 2% 4% 0 0 1 VOL. 26 NO. 1 JANUARY, 2001 3% 5% 2% 4% INSTRUCTIONS TO CONTRIBUTORS Hamadryad publishes original papers dealing with, but not necessarily restricted to, the herpetology of Asia. Re- views of books and major papers are also published. Manuscripts should be only in English and submitted in triplicate (one original and two copies, along with three cop- ies of all tables and figures), printed or typewritten on one side of the paper. Manuscripts can also be submitted as email file attachments. Papers previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere should not be submitted. Final submissions of accepted papers on disks (IBM-compatible only) are desirable. For general style, contributors are requested to examine the current issue of Hamadryad. Authors with access to publication funds are requested to pay US$ 5 or equivalent per printed page of their papers to help defray production costs. Reprints cost Rs. 2.00 or 10 US cents per page inclusive of postage charges, and should be ordered at the time the paper is accepted. Major papers exceeding four pages (double spaced typescript) should contain the following headings: Title, name and address of author (but not titles and affiliations), Abstract, Key Words (five to 10 words), Introduction, Material and Methods, Results, Discussion, Acknowledgements, Literature Cited (only the references cited in the paper).
    [Show full text]
  • (Amphibia: Ranidae) on Sumatra, Indonesia
    Phylogenetic systematics, diversity, and biogeography of the frogs with gastromyzophorous tadpoles (Amphibia: Ranidae) on Sumatra, Indonesia Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades Fachbereich Biologie An der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und Naturwissenschaften der Universität Hamburg Vorgelegt von Umilaela Arifin Hamburg, 2018 Tag der Disputation: 25 January 2019 Folgende Gutachter empfehlen die Annahme der Dissertation: 1. Prof. Dr. Alexander Haas 2. Prof. Dr. Bernhard Hausdorf “To reach the same destination, some people might only need one step but some other people might need two, three, a hundred, or a thousand steps. Never give up! Some are successful because they work harder than other people, not because they are smart.” –dti- Preface Preface It is such a relief to have finally finished writing this dissertation entitled “Phylogenetic systematics, diversity, and biogeography of the frogs with gastromyzophorous tadpoles (Amphibia: Ranidae) on Sumatra, Indonesia”. Thank to Allah, who has always embraced me in any situation, especially during my doctoral studies. The work I have done over the past five years is dedicated not only to myself, but also to all the people, who came into my life for various reasons. Also, this thesis is my small contribution to Indonesia (the “Ibu Pertiwi”) and its fascinating biodiversity. I hope to continue actively contributing to the field of herpetology in the future, simply because it is my greatest passion! During my childhood, especially through my high school years, it never crossed my mind that I would end up becoming a scientist. Coming from an ordinary Indonesian family and living in a small town made my parents worry about the education their children would need, in order to have a better life in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Larval Systematics of the Peninsular Malaysian Ranidae (Amphibia: Anura)
    LARVAL SYSTEMATICS OF THE PENINSULAR MALAYSIAN RANIDAE (AMPHIBIA: ANURA) LEONG TZI MING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 LARVAL SYSTEMATICS OF THE PENINSULAR MALAYSIAN RANIDAE (AMPHIBIA: ANURA) LEONG TZI MING B.Sc. (Hons.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES THE NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 This is dedicated to my dad, mum and brothers. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the many individuals and teams from various institutions who have contributed to the completion of this thesis in various avenues, of which encouragement was the most appreciated. They are, not in any order of preference, from the National University of Singapore (NUS): A/P Peter Ng, Tan Heok Hui, Kelvin K. P. Lim, Darren C. J. Yeo, Tan Swee Hee, Daisy Wowor, Lim Cheng Puay, Malcolm Soh, Greasi Simon, C. M. Yang, H. K. Lua, Wang Luan Keng, C. F. Lim, Yong Ann Nee; from the National Parks Board (Singapore): Lena Chan, Sharon Chan; from the Nature Society (Singapore): Subaraj Rajathurai, Andrew Tay, Vilma D’Rozario, Celine Low, David Teo, Rachel Teo, Sutari Supari, Leong Kwok Peng, Nick Baker, Tony O’Dempsey, Linda Chan; from the Wildlife Department (Malaysia): Lim Boo Liat, Sahir bin Othman; from the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM): Norsham Yaakob, Terry Ong, Gary Lim; from WWF (Malaysia): Jeet Sukumaran; from the Economic Planning Unit, Malaysia (EPU): Puan Munirah; from the University of Sarawak (UNIMAS): Indraneil Das; from the National Science Museum, Thailand: Jairujin Nabhitabhata, Tanya Chan-ard, Yodchaiy Chuaynkern; from the University of Kyoto: Masafumi Matsui; from the University of the Ryukyus: Hidetoshi Ota; from my Indonesian friends: Frank Bambang Yuwono, Ibu Mumpuni (MZB), Djoko Iskandar (ITB); from the Philippine National Museum (PNM): Arvin C.
    [Show full text]