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Elaboration of Mixed Metal Oxide Zrᵪti₁-ᵪO₂ Nano-Photocatalysts

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Elaboration of Mixed Metal Oxide Zrᵪti₁-ᵪO₂ Nano-Photocatalysts Elaboration of mixed metal oxide ZrTi-O nano-photocatalysts Khley Cheng To cite this version: Khley Cheng. Elaboration of mixed metal oxide ZrTi-O nano-photocatalysts. Chemical and Process Engineering. Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. English. NNT : 2018USPCD039. tel-02491167 HAL Id: tel-02491167 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02491167 Submitted on 25 Feb 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THESE DEE DDOCTORAT DE L'UNIVERSITE PARISIS 13 INSTITUT GALILEE Mention Science de L’Ingénieur Option Génie des Procédés PréPrésentée et soutenue publiquement par Khley CHENG Pour obtenir le titre de Docteur de l’Université Paris 13 Elaboration de nano-phohotocatalyseurs mixtes à base d’oxide de mémétal ZrxTi1-xO2 Elaboration off mmixed metal oxide ZrxTi1-xO2 nano-photocacatalysts DirDirecteur de thèse: Andrei KANAEV Co-directeur de thèse: Khay CHHOR Soutenue le 11 avril 2018 Devant le jury composé de: Christophe COLBEAU-JUSTSTIN Professeur, Université Paris 11 Rapapporteur Sophie CASSAIGNON Professeur, Sorbonne Université Rapapporteur Rabah AZOUANI Professeur de l’ EBI Exaxaminateur Khay CHHOR Professeur, Université Paris 13 Coo-directeur de thèse Andrei KANAEV Directeur de Recherche CNRS Dirirecteur de thèse Dominique VREL Directeur de Recherche CNRS Prérésident Laboratoire des Sciecience des Procédés et des Matériaux CNRSS UPR 3407 Acknowledgment This PhD work was performed in Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM CNRS UPR 3407) of CNRS at the Paris 13 University, and I would like to express my gratitude to all people who helped me during all three years of this work. Firstly, I am deeply grateful to my PhD supervisor, Andrei KANAEV, Research director CNRS, head of group Inorganic Nanomaterials (NINO). He was a great and kind supervisor giving me good advices and ideas in research and teaching, especially, in writing scientific papers. Because of this, there are many articles issued of this PhD work. I also would like to thank my co-supervisor, professor Khay CHHOR, who introduced me in life in France since the beginning and accompanied during all these years. He transmitted me important knowledge concerning experiment and chemical synthesis, and helping in reduction and correction of this manuscript. Beside my supervisors, I want to thank Dominique VREL, Research director CNRS, who helped in interpretation of data of X-ray diffraction and structural analysis of the elaborated materials. I would like to thank professor Khalid Hassouni, Director of LSPM, for a permission to perform this study in laboratory. I thank professor Christophe Colbeau-Justin, professor Sophie Cassaignon and assistant professor Rabah AZOUANI for the acceptance to take part in PhD defense jury and evaluate this PhD work. My sincere thank also goes to the permanent members of NINO team, especially assistant professors Mamadou Traore, Mohamed Amamra, Mounir Ben Amar and professor Mehrdad Nikravech for providing me an intellectual assistance in course of this study. I would like to thank Valéri Bockelee for x-ray diffraction measurements, Ovidui BRINZA for transmission electron microscopy (TEM and EFTEM) measurements and Patrick Portes for specific surface area (BET) measurements and other permanent help. I thank computer and network administrator Greg Chalvignac and secretaries Chrystel Redon, Nathalie Duros and Sandrine Ouazan for a permanent assistance in course of my stay at LSPM. I want to thank my many friends, who colored my everyday’ life with fruitful human and scientific discussions and for much other: Easeng SIV (admission and repairing computer), Didier FANOU (admission and experimental collaboration), Sana LABIDI and Paola DIAZGOMEZ TREVINO (purchase of chemicals and materials). I will not forget other friends and PhD student: Mine ER, Sarah DINE, Benoit BAUDRILLART, Abdelkader RAHMANI, Annika PILLE, Khaled OUAHA, Zixian Jia and many others. Additionally, I would like to offer my special thank to international science programme (ISP) teams in both Sweden and Cambodia countries, especially Professor Peter SUNDIN and Dr. Sorya PROUM for the scholarship covering my living expenses in France. Last but not the least, I thank to family: my wife and my son, my parents and my brothers who have been waiting for me so long time. Contents ............................................................................................................................... pages General introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I: Literature review ....................................................................................................... 6 I.1 Materials and their structural properties........................................................................... 7 I.1.1 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) ............................................................................................. 7 I.1.2 Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) ........................................................................................... 8 I.1.3 Composite zirconimum-titanium oxide (ZrO2-TiO2) ................................................. 9 I.2 Composite TiO2-ZrO2 preparation ................................................................................. 12 I.2.1 Preparation methods ................................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 Generality on sol-gel method ................................................................................... 13 1.2.3 Sol-gel method for ZrO2-TiO2 preparation .............................................................. 14 I.3 Nucleation and growth processes of metal oxide particles ............................................ 16 I.3.1 Particle size measurement (light scattering methods) ............................................... 16 I.3.2 Titanium dioxide (TiO2) ........................................................................................... 24 I.3.2.1 Observation by Chapell ....................................................................................... 24 I.3.2.2 Effect of critical hydrolysis ratios on particles growth kinetics .......................... 25 I.3.2.3 Oxo-TiO2 particles prepared by micromixing sol gel reactor ............................. 26 I.3.2.4 Influence of the injection fluid hydrodynamics on particle size ......................... 27 I.3.2.5 Hierarchical growth of oxo-alkoxide particles .................................................... 28 I.3.2.6 Doped oxo-TiO2 nanoparticles ............................................................................ 29 I.3.3 Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) ......................................................................................... 31 I.4 Sol-gel reactor with ultrarapid micromixing ............................................................... 34 I.5 Optical properties and applications .............................................................................. 36 I.5.1 Band gaps of TiO2, ZrO2 and of ZrO2-TiO2 composite .......................................... 36 I.5.2 Photocatalytic properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) ............................................. 37 I.5.3 Photocatalytic properties of zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) .......................................... 38 I.5.4 Photocatalytic properties of ZrO2-TiO2 composite ................................................ 39 i I.5.5 Applications ............................................................................................................ 42 I.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 43 Notations ........................................................................................................................... 45 Chapter II: Characterization methods ...................................................................................... 47 II.1 Thermal analysis TGA-DTA ........................................................................................ 48 II.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) .................................................................. 49 II.3 X-ray diffraction method .............................................................................................. 50 II.4 Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) for specific surface area ............................................ 53 II.5 UV-visible absorption ................................................................................................... 54 II. 6 Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) ..................... 55 Notation ............................................................................................................................. 58 Chapter III: Preparation of size-selected ZTOA nanoparticles ................................................ 59 III.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................
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