A Description of the Main Characters' Conflicts in Dan Brown's Novel Inferno"

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A DESCRIPTION OF THE MAIN CHARACTERS’ CONFLICTS IN DAN BROWN’S NOVEL INFERNO

A PAPER

BY:

KHALIDA SABRINA BATUBARA

REG.NO 152202031

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

MEDAN

2018

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I am KHALIDA SABRINA BATUBARA, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the references is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

Date :

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : KHALIDA SABRINA BATUBARA

Title of Paper : A Description of The Main Characters’ Conflicts in Dan

Brown’s Novel Inferno

Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the direction the Librarian of Diploma-III English Study Program Faculty of Cultural Studies

USU on the understanding that users made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

Date :

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRAK

Judul kertas karya ini adalah "A Description of the Main Characters' Conflicts in Dan Brown's Novel Inferno". Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konflik- konflik di dalam novel Inferno. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan konflik yang dialami oleh tokoh utama. Proses pengumpulan data dimulai dengan membaca novel Inferno oleh Dan Brown dan kemudian diikuti dengan menandai dan mengambil catatan bagian-bagian novel yang terkait dengan penelitian. Dalam novel tersebut ada dua tokoh yang berperan sangat penting dan di anggap sebagai tokoh utama. Mereka adalah Robert Langdon dan Bertrand Zobrist. Dalam kertas karya ini terdapat dua konflik yang terjadi yaitu konflik internal dan konflik eksternal. Robert Langdon mengalami konflik internal,eksternal begitu juga Bertrand Zobrist.

Kata kunci : Konflik, Konflik internal, Konflik Ekstrenal, Karakter.

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ABSTRACT

The title of this paper is "A Description of the Main Characters' Conflicts in And Brown's Inferno Novel". This study aims to analyze conflicts in the Inferno novel. The purpose of this study is to find conflicts experienced by the main character. The process of collecting data begins with reading the Inferno novel by Dan Brown and then followed by marking and taking notes on novel parts related to research. In the novel there are two figures who play a very important role and are considered as the main characters. They are Robert Langdon and Bertrand Zobrist. In this paper there are two conflicts that occur namely internal conflict and external conflict. Robert Langdon experienced internal, external conflict as well as Bertrand Zobrist.

Keywords : Conflict, Conflict Internal, Conflict External, Character.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all , I would like to thank to Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength and inspiration to finish this paper as one of the requirements to get Diploma-III certificate from English Department Faculty of Cultural Studies,

University Sumatera Utara.

 Thank to Dr.Budi Agustono M.S as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural

Studies.

 Thank to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum as the Head of Diploma-

III English Study Program.

 Thank to Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M.Hum as my Supervisor, for his time

and advice to correct the process the process of writing this paper.

 Special thanks to my parents, Julaila Yetty Lubis, Zulkifli Satar for

supporting, praying, spirits and believing in me, and also (alm)Abdul

Rachim Batoebara thank you for educating me, I promise to make you

proud.

 Special thanks again to my one and only beloved brother, Muhammad

Buhari Batoebara you alaways support from a distance.

 Thanks to my special friend’s Dilla Munthaza Mtd, Richa C

Ompusunggu, Julianatika, thank you so much to my team, you always

with me starting from Sempro to Session, and to A.K Khairuddin you are

there when I need, and you always said I can do it.

 Thanks to my senior high school friends Fanny Tri Wulandari, Ayu

Lestari, Nanda Rizky Utari, Asmaini, Ririn Ayu Asvira.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA  Thanks to my friend but like my brother Muhammad Akhsan Maulana,

you always support me when I’m tired to make a paper and you always

give me solution.

 Thanks to also my friends Gary Rando Ginting, Wen Denis Simahate,

Muhammad Ali Syahbana, Camela Sari, Nadya Utami Daulay, Vivi

Armayani.

 And thank to all of SOLIDAS’15 A friends, thank you for your good time

during our classes.

Medan, November 2018

The Writen,

Khalida S Batubara

Reg. No. 152202031

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ...... i

ABSTRAK ...... iii

ABSTRACK ...... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii

1. INTRODUCTION ......

1.1 Background of the Study ...... 1

1.2 Problem of the Study ...... 2

1.3 Purpose of the Study ...... 3

1.4 Objective of the Study……………………………………………...... 3

1.5 Significance of the Study…………………………………………...... 3

1.6 Method of the Study…. … ...... 3

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ......

2.1 Novel……………………………………………………………...... 4

2.2 Characters and Characterization ...... 5

2.3 Conflict……………………………………………………………… ...... 6

2.3.1 Understanding Conflict...... 6

2.3.2 Types of Conflict ...... 7

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE DESCRIPTION …………………………………………………………. .

3.1 Robert Langdon...... 9

3.1.1 Internal Conflict ...... 9

3.1.2 External Conflict.………………………………………………….. 14

3.2 Bertrand Zobrist ...... 16

3.2.1 Internal Conflict ...... 17

3.2.2 External Conflict ...... 19

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......

4.1 Conclusion………………...... 22

4.2 Suggestion…...………...... 24

REFERENCES………………… ...... 25

APPENDICES…….. ………………………......

A. Biography of Dan Brown……...... 26

B. Summary of the novel ...... 30

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UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Literature is a creation that expression by Rees( 1973:9 )

“permanent expression in words of some thoughts or feelings or

ideas about life and the world”

It means in a literary work the men of letters have a freedom to express their ideas and improve their ideas and improve imagination. Literature is an expression used in various problems that occur, can also how to express feelings that can not be expressed, but can be written into a literary work. Literature also the writing or the study of books, valued as works of art (drama, fiction, essay, poetry, biography, contrasted with technical books and journalism).The main generic of literature today is poetry, drama and the novel.

In this paper, a novel is used as the material of the discussion. Novel is one of the fiction works that usually known as narrative prose. Reeve( 1785:26 ) says

"Novel is picture of real and menners and of the time in which it was written".

The novel is developed into two elements, intrinsic elements and extrinsic elements. One of the intrinsic elements in the novel is conflict.

Joyce L. Hocker( 1995: 1) states,

“Conflict is a process of contradiction expressed between two or more dependent parties on the object of conflict, using behavioral patterns and conflict interactions that produce conflict outcomes. In human life, conflict is an inevitable and persuasive whole. It can arise in individual (Intrapersonal Conflict) or between individuals(Interpersonal Conflict) either in the context of a society, an organization, a community, or a nation.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The purpose of that quotation above is that conflict can be happened by two parties or more, it depends on the object of that conflict. In life we absolutely had a conflict and we can not avoid it.

In this paper, the writer would like to description about the conflict in the novel Inferno written by Dan Brown, Inferno novel was first published on May

14, 2013. The reason why the writer chooses Inferno is because the novel it was number one on the New York Times Best Seller.

The little of conflict, the overpopulation is the conflict that happened in this novel, where a scientist named Zobrist has created a mass depopulation epidemic and hid it somewhere. Epidemic have been arranged in such a way that it will spread automatically on a predetermined date. The function of the biological epidemic is killing most of the world's population to quickly solve the problem of the surplus of the future population in the world.

The complexity of the secret code and the puzzle in the poem created by

Zobrist based on Dante Inferno makes Dr. Sinkey sought the help Robert Langdon to help her solve the complexity. But in the process of solving it, Langdon was attacked and suddenly found himself in the hospital in a state of amnesia, his memory chaotic.

1.2 Problem of the Study

1. How is Langdon’s conflict as the main character portrayed in the novel?

2. How is Zobrist’s conflict as the main character portrayed in the novel?

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 1.3 Objective of the Study

1. To find out and explain Langdon’s conflict both internally and externally

2. To find out and explain Zobrist’s conflict both internally and externally

1.4 Scope of the Study

The scope of this study is related to main characters’ internal and external

conflicts the main characters are confined to Langdon’s and Zobrist’s.

1.5 Significance of the Study

1. The significance of the study is the reader understand about conflict in

the novel Inferno by Dan Brown.

2. The study can be used as reference for learning and understanding about

conflict in the novel beside to give contribution to some study of literature

to reader through this paper. This paper also can be used as reference for

further study for those who are interested in doing the same topic.

1.6 Method of the Study

The method applied in writing this paper started by reading the novel

Inferno by Dan Brown and were then followed by marking and taking a notes

of parts of the novel which related to the study.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Novel

Esten (2013: 7) states, the novel is a fictional work created by the author using imaginative background and artificial flow. Disclosure of human values is also discussed in depth and systematically. It further explains that the novel is a disclosure of the fragment of human life (in the longer term) where conflicts arise which ultimately lead to a change of life path between the perpetrators.

Novels are different from other literary works, novels are able to enrich themselves fully and culturally and experimentally, both men and women. The novel is also the most popular form of literary work in the world.

A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, which is typically published as a book. Writers who write novels are referred to as novelists. The content of the novel is longer and more complex than the content of the short story, and has no structural limitations. A novel usually tells or describes the life of a human being who interacts with the environment and also its neighbors. In a novel, the author usually does his best to give the reader directions to know the hidden message as a picture of the reality of life through the stories contained in the novel.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 2.2 Characters and Characterization

Characters and characterizations are mandatory in a novel or fictitious story. So far, the character is there to move the story. The main character according to Nurgiyantoro in Fictional Studies Theory (2009: 176-177) :

“Tokoh utama dalam sebuah novel yang dipertanyakan, saya adalah

tokoh yang paling banyak diceritakan, baik sebagai pelaku insiden

maupun kejadian itu.”

And then, Nurgiyantoro said (2009: 177),

“mungkin karakter utama dalam novel lebih dari satu orang, meskipun

tingkat prioritas tidak sama”

William( 2010 : 161 ) says

“character in the novel is conventionally discussed in term of exposition

and dialog. Character an also be in foster’s word, either flat or one-

dimensional, having a simple function, or round, with complexity built

up though multiple players of description and action”.

From above the statement character is someone who can raise the atmosphere story.

Through action, speech description and commentary, author Portray character who are worth caring about, rooting foe and even loving.

Character is a subject in fiction story or literature, without any plot character will never reach the end of the story. Or character is an individual invention writer that is fictitious which is expands to be an event on the end stories. Therefore, to write a fictitious story, character is important element because without character, there is no story created. While characterization is an author’s way to illustrated or to described the figures that had been created on its story. Characterization is an illustrated of the figures, even inception condition or

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA minds that be able to changing, its perspective of life, its attitude, its beliefs, its customs and so on.

2.3 Conflict

2.3.1 Understanding Conflicts

Conflict is interpreted as a social process between one or more people ( as well as group ) in which one party attempts to remove the other by destroying it or making it helpless conflict is motivated by differences in the characteristics that individuals bring in an interaction. These differences physical characteristics is, intelligence, knowledge, customs, beliefs, and so forth. Wellek & Warren (2014:

262) states that conflict is something dramatic, referring to a struggle between two equal forces and implying action and retaliation.

Conflict is a normal situation in every society and not a single society that has never experienced conflict between its members or with other community groups, conflict will disappear if its society is disappearing too. Conflict is contradict with integration. Conflict and integration are proceed as a cycle in a society. Conflict that it’s controlled is deliver an integration. Otherwise, a complete integration cannot created the conflict.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Tennyson (1967:14) says that there are three basic of conflicts in all plot of prose fiction. The three basic conflicts most frequently cited are:

1. The individual in conflict with himself.

2. The individual in conflict with another individual

3. The individual in conflict with an outside force or forces.

From the statements above, we can conclude that the conflict divided into two types such as internal conflict (when the individual in conflict with himself), and external conflict (When the individual in conflict with another individual and outside force and forces)

2.3.2 Types of Conflict

Conflict is divided into two, namely external conflict and internal conflict.

Internal conflict is a conflict that occurs in human beings, which is based on feelings of pleasure, hard, happy and disappointed. External conflict is a conflict that occurs because of the influence of outsiders, maybe family environment, community environment, and education/school environment. External conflict manifests itself as man versus other man, man versus nature, man versus society and man versus fate.

a. Internal Conflict

Man vs Self, will occur when a character is struggling with themselves

on the inside.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA b. External Conflict

External conflict can be divided into three type :

Man vs Man, these sort of conflicts are the most common. Character that opposed from other characters.

Man vs Society, conflict is between a character with an outside group.

Characters are fighting against morals, government and norms.

Man vs Nature, where nature be an obstacle for the character. They find themselves at odds with forces of nature.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3. THE DESCRIPTION

3.1 Robert Langdon

Robert Langdon is the main character in the novel Inferno. Robert

Langdon is a Professor of religious iconography and symbology at Harvard

University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, a fictional field related to the study of historic symbols, which is not methodologically connected to the actual discipline of semiotics.

Langdon has written over a dozen books, Including The Symbology of

Secret Sect, The Art of the Illuminati, The Lost Language of Ideograms, and the renowned collegiate textbook Religious iconology.

3.1.1 Internal Conflict

Man vs Self

Robert Langdon had an accident and made himself at hospital at a

Florence with a head wound and was retrograde amnesia. He dreamed of meeting a women, the women said something to Langdon. Langdon felt as if he knew the women. Langdon tried to remember what had happened,

“Seek and you shall find. Time grows short. Seek and find.” (Inferno,

2013: 23)

He tried to look towards the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence and ask a doctor,

“What happened to me? How did I get here?” he said “Okay, just breathe easy, I’ll tell you. Mr. Langdon, there hours ago, you staggered into our emergency room, bleeding from a head wound, and you immediately collapsed. Nobody had any idea who you were or how you got here. You were mumbling in English, so

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Dr. Marconi asked me to assist. I’m on sabbatical here from the U.K.” the doctor answered (Inferno, 2013: 31-32)

Police targeted Langdon, Langdon managed to escape with doctor Sienna.

When Langdon was resting his head felt dizzy, vision of a mask floated before his eyes. The mask that appeared in his mind was a mask of plague. Langdon hurried to clean himself and he found a bio tube in the jacket he used when he had an accident. He asked Sienna, what’s in the tube, and Sienna explains,

“This little canister is a bio tube, used to transporting dangerous

substances. Thumbprint recognition. Security in case it’s lost or

stolen. Tubes like this can be opened only by a specified individual.”

(Inferno, 2013: 74-75)

Langdon tried to open the tube with his fingerprint, which contained a cylinder stamp.

“Invented by the Sumerians the intaglio from of printmaking. Carved with decorative images, a seal contained a hollow shaft, through which an axle pin was inserted so the carved drum could be rolled like a modern paint roller across wet clay or terra-cotta to ‘imprint’ a recurring band of symbols, images, or text” (Inferno, 2013 : 85) As Langdon delicately turned the seal in his fingers, he realized that this one bore an especially gruesome carving - a three headed, horned Satan who was in the process of eating three different men at once, one man in each of his three mouths. Langdon shook the stamp as hard as he could, and it turned out to be a faraday pointer. But the light that came out of the stamp was a painting of La

Mappa dell'inferno by Sandro Botticelli, containing the codes and symbols of the

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA creation of famous fanatic genetic scientists against the destruction of the world based on a masterpiece written by Dante; Inferno.

(Map of The Hell)

“La Mappa dell’Inferno – had been painted by one of the true giants of the Italian Renaissance, Sandro Botticelli. An elaborate blueprint of the underworld, The Map of Hell was one of the most frightening visions of the afterlife ever created. Dark, grim, and terrifying, the painting stopped people in their track even today. Unlike his vibrant and colorful Primavera or Birth of Venus, Botticelli had crafted his Map of Hell with a depressing palate of reds, sepias, and browns.” (Inferno, 2013: 90) “A twisted soul who had digitally altered Botticelli’s famous painting, adding ten letters, a plague docter, and then signing it with an ominous phrase about seeing the truth through the eyes of death. This artist had then stored the image on a high-tech projector sheathed in a freakishly carved bone.” (Inferno, 2013: 97) In every ditch of the picture, no words,

C … A … T … R … O … V … A … C … E … R

And arranged into CERCA TROVA, which in Italian means "seek and find".

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Cerca and trova literally meant ‘seek’ and ‘find’. When combined as

a phrase – cerca trova – they were synonymous with the biblical

aphorism ‘seek and ye shall find’.” (Inferno, 2013: 151 )

And there is a line of text tyni block letters

“La verità è visibile solo attraverso gli occhhi della morte( The truth

can be glimpsed only through the eyes of death) – Zobrist ” ( Inferno,

2013 : 96 )

Langdon went to a Palazzo Vecchio museum to find out more clues to the puzzle given to him. Langdon's head throbbed again as he panically explored into his memory. Somewhere down there, the silver-haired woman's voice continued to whisper: look, then you will find it. But the mask of the plague that had become a clue for Langdon was now gone, Langdon did not remember anything, it turned out that the one who took the mask of the plague was Ignazio and himself. Before

Ignazio died he made a recording for Langdon,

“Robert, I hope you escaped. They’re still after me … and I’m …

I’m not well. I’m trying to reach a doctor, but … Robert listen

carefully. What you seek is safely hidden. The gates are open to you,

but you must hurry. Paradise Twenty-five” (Inferno, 2013: 251)

Langdon went back in search of a new clue at the Church of Dante, the

Chiesa holy house at the Santa Margerita dei Cerchi, where Langdon tried to find a clue using the internet, what does Ignazio mean by saying “Paradise, Canto

Twenty-five”. Langdon's eyes returned to one text that said “I shall return as poet and put on, at my baptistmal font, the laurel crown”, Langdon stared and looked

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA for the specific location of the meaning of the temple, perhaps that building was what Ignazio meant, the building was The Baptistry of San Giovanni. Langdon found a Dante mask floating in the center of the baptisty, slowly removing a mask and turning the mask and laying it on his palm and trying to erase the back of the mask using a wet towel, behind the mask was a text,

Zobrist has changed Mappa dell'Inferno from Botticelli. The next place referred to by the poem is Vanesia, but apparently is meant is not Vanesia but Hagia Sophia.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.1.2 External Conflict

Man vs Man

Langdon vs Elizabeth Sinskey

Dr. Elizabeth Sinskey is the director of the World Health Organization

(WHO), the WHO involved Langdon to find outbreaks made by Bertrand Zobrist.

WHO asked Langdon for help because Langdon understood the fanatic code created by scientists who wanted to reduce over population by making a virus outbreak. If it's only one second late, the world will change in its future. Provos tried to work together to find out where Langdon was, but they knew where

Langdon was going, Langdon did not realize that he was leaving With a very dangerous individual, one of the Zobrist confidants.

The person who always accompanied Langdon in search of the hidden puzzle was one of Zobrist's trusted people, Dr. Sienna finally told everything to

Langdon, until Sienna left Langdon to carry out Zobrist's wishes about the dangerous virus, since the beginning Sienna had conspired with Zobrist to commit a mass murder with an outbreak that had been created by Bertrand Zobrist.

“I don’t have much time Robert, the authorities will eventually figure out where I went. But before they do, I need you to hear the truth … all of it. I meet him at an impressionable age, and his ideas and intellect bewitched me. Bertrand believe, as I do, that our species is on the brink of collapse … that we’re facing a horrifying end, which is racing toward us so much faster than anyone dares accept. Bertrand created something known as a viral vector. It’s a virus intentionally designed to install genetic information into the cell it’s attacking. A vector virus … rather than killing its host cell, essentially modifying the cell’s genome. As soon as this virus was released into the cistern’s lagoon, a chain reaction began. The virus has the ability to render the human body … infertile she shifted uncomfortably. In the Bertrand’s letter to me, he sounded quite proud, saying he considered Inferno to be very elegant and humane resolution of the problem. Bertrand Zobrist has redesigned our

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA species … in an attempt to save us … transforming us into a less fruitful population. He has unlocked the evolutionary process and given humankind the ability to redefine our species in broad, sweeping strokes, and if those keys fall into the wrong hands, then God help us. As soon as I read Bertrand’s letter explaining how he had achieved his goals, I vowed to find his virus and destroy all traces of it.” (Inferno: 2013: 583-590) Langdon's memory began to recover, he remembered who he found before he was hospitalized, he met a woman, and she asked for his help to save the world, she was Dr. Elizabet Sinskey. Langdon contacted Sinskey over the phone and explained that Sienna had managed to escape from him, time was very limited to find the virus outbreak, the aim of WHO was to neutralize the threat by securing the virus bag before it was torn, Sinskey had called a historian, a place where they would search for an outbreak made by Bertrand Zobrist with the help of Langdon, the place to go was Istanbul. Sinskey said,

“We’re now gathering data on water table temperatures in the area, trying to assess what kinds of contagious substances might thrive in those subterranean areas, but Zobrist was exceptionally talented and easily could have engineered something with unique capabilities. And I have to suspect that there was a reason Zobrist chose this location, by spending the bag underground and underwater.” (Inferno, 2013: 509) Dr. Elizabeth very much asked for help from Robert Langdon in solving this problem, because Langdon was also one of the readers of Dante's works, even professors of religious iconography and symbology, who knew a lot about symbols.

Man vs Society

The epidemic created by Zobrist can be spread through the air. Sienna already knew about the palace that was immersed in poetry even in Turkish

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA “Follow deep into the sunken palace … for here, in the darkness, the

chthonic monster waits, submerged in the bloodred waters … of the

lagoon that reflects no stars.” (Inferno, 2013: 534 )

Langdon turned to the empty corner of the palace to let his gaze follow the statue that felt familiar, this was the place, the zero point of the Zobrist. Langdon felt followed by someone during an epidemic search hidden by Zobrist, used a veil and turned toward Langdon and turned out to be Sienna Brooks, Sienna ran fast, then fell and dropped Langdon, Langdon chased after him. Sinskey swiftly looked for a hidden plague, Langdon chased Sienna not to let the plague rip and make the world change, and Bruder helped secure it from above. Sinskey stood at the bottom of the reservoir stairs and stared at the emptiness, the machine closest to Bruder, a virus-detecting light began to glow red, the entire reservoir had been infected with a virus. But Sienna explained to Langdon that the date Zobrizt made was not the virus launch date, but the date the virus would spread throughout the world, and infect all individuals.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2 Bertrand Zobrist

Zobrist is a rich billionaire from Swiss a brilliant scientist who has obsession with Dante’s Inferno. He was admired by many in the medical world because of his invention in the Trans Humanism.

Zobrist is a big fan Dante, who has a major Italian poet of the Late Middle

Ages. Dante’s depiction of Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven have provided inspiration for a large body of Western art, including Zobrist himself. The history described

Dante was died by the most devastated pandemic in human’s history, the Black

Death. It resulting in the deaths of an estimated 75 to 200 million people and peaking in Europa in the deaths of an years 1346-1353. The history of Dante’s death trigger Zobrist and made him intensely more interested with the world over population issue.

Zobrist believed the world population were in the dangerous stage after he research more further about the humans population.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2.1 Internal Conflict Man vs Self

Zobrist was very inspired by Dante, he greatly admired all of Dante’s works and followed one of Dante’s ways of how to reduce the world’s population.

“Here all hesitation must be left behind. They do not understand

what is coming… nor what I have done for them! Ungrateful land!”

( Inferno, 2013 : 20 )

“Dearest God, I pray the world remembers my name not as a monstrous sinner, but as the glorious savior you know I truly am. I pray Mankind will understand the gift I leave behind. My gift is the future. My gift is the salvation. My gift is the Inferno” ( Inferno, 2013, 22 ) Zobrist creates a stamp depicting Dante's hell, making Dante's mask, leaving a footprint in a stamp that is Dante's hell, making 10 words that have meaning. Leaving a writing behind the mask, giving a meaning where he will put the plague he made to reduce the population in this world. Many parties considered the Zobrist insane, Zobrist was pursued by the authorities for the plague making effort, they chased Zobrist to tell him where the outbreak was hidden, in the end Zobrist chose to commit suicide from the Palazzo and did not say a word.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.2.2 Conflict External Man vs Man Bertrand Zobrist vs Elizabeth Sinskey( WHO ) The complexity of the secret code and the puzzle in the poem created by

Zobrist based on Dante Alighieri's Inferno made Dr.Sinskey asked the help of expert history of art and symbology,

“If you want more available clean water per capita, you need fewer

people on earth. If you want to decrease vehicle emissions, you need

fewer drivers. If you want the oceans to replenish their fish, you need

fewer people eating fish!” ( Inferno, 2013 : 192 )

Zobrist has a solution, it's just that the solution offered is an extreme solution, so that no one scientist in the world until the WHO organization supports it. Although the solution was rejected, Zobrist continued to carry out a world rescue mission alone.

“Dante’s hell is not fiction, it is prophecy! Wretched misery. Torturous woe. This is the landscape of tomorrow. Mankind, if unchecked, function like a plague a cancer… our numbers intensifying with each successive generation until the earthly comforts that once nourished our virtue and brotherhood have dwindled to nothing… unveiling the monster within us… fighting to the death to feed our young”. (Inferno, 2013: 198) ”To do nothing is to welcome Dante’s hell… cramped and starving, weltering in Sin. And so boldly I have taken action. Some will recoil in horror, but all salvation comes at a price. One day the world will grasp the beauty of my sacrifice. For I am your Salvation. I am the shade. I am the gateway to the Posthuman age.” (Inferno, 2013: 199)

The WHO is responding to overpopulation very seriously, recently the

WHO spent millions of dollars sending doctors to Africa to distribute free

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA condoms and educate the public about birth. But the Zobrist persuaded Dr.Sinskey to work together to face the problem of overpopulation, overpopulation will affect the human soul, by making an epidemic. Zobrist came to state that his findings in genetic engineering would be far more beneficial to mankind if used not to cure diseases, but to create them. Zobrist changes from the most admired person in the medical world to the most isolated person, for his crazy actions.

Bertrand Zobrist vs Knowlton Zobrist has made an outbreak without approval from the WHO, Zobrist also sent a video to Knowlton, and informed Knowlton that the video could be uploaded with the date and time set by Zobrist. Knowlton was curious about the video Zobrist gave them, Knowlton was surprised when he saw the video.

“I am shade. If you are watching this, then it means my soul is finally at rest. Driven underground, I must speak to the world from deep within the earth , exiled to this gloomy cavern where the bloodred waters collect in the lagoon that reflects no stars. But this is my paradise … the perfect womb for my fragile child. Inferno. Soon you will know what I have left behind. And yet, even here, I sense the footfalls of the ignorant souls who pursue me … willing to stop at nothing to thwart my actions. Forgive them, you night say, for they know not what they do. But there comes a moment in history when ignorance is no longer a forgivable offense … a moment when only wisdom has the power to absolve. With purity of conscience, I have bequeathed to you all the gift of Hope, of salvation, of tomorrow.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA And yet still there are those who hunt me like a dog, fueled by the silver-righteous belief that I am a madman. There is the silver-haired beauty who dares call me monster! Like the blind clerics who lobbied for the death of Copernicus, she scorns me as a demon, terrified I have glimpsed the Truth. But I am not prophet. I am your salvation. I am the shade.” (Inferno, 2013: 66-67)

Knowlton was increasingly worried after seeing the video, the video claimed that the world would change, Zobrist also said he was not afraid to die because he was only trying to save humanity instead of destroying it. Seen a thin plastic in which there is a liquid, that's an epidemic made by Zobrist, the madness to reduce the existing overpopulation.

Man vs Society

“Zobrist was immediately attacked from all sides – politicians, clergy, the World Health Organization – all of whom derided him as a doomsayer lunatic who was simply trying to cause panic. They look particular umbrage at his statement that today’s youth, if they chose to reproduce, would have offspring that literally would witness the end of the human race. Zobrist illustrated his point with a doomsday clock” (Inferno, 2013: 287) “Zobrist has publicly predicted that the human race will not survive another century … unless we have some kind of mass extinction event. In fact, Zobrist was once quoted as saying that ‘the best thing that ever happened to Europe was the black death.’” (Inferno, 2013: 239) In the end, extinction was not Zobrist’s goal. He just discovering a way to winnowing the human population at manageable rate. Assuming Zobrist’s virus has taken hold, one third of the world population finally sterile, it means one third of the population will continue to be sterile for all time. The effect would be

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA similar to that of a recessive gene. Although people would saw this as a genetic terrorism, but Zobrist didn’t see it that way because he believed that he fixed the fatal flaw in human evolution.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

4.1 Conclusion

The main character conflict in Dan Brown's Inferno novel is Robert

Langdon and Bertrand Zobrist. They both have internal and external conflicts.

Robert Langdon experienced an internal conflict, he experienced retrograde amnesia which made him forget what happened to him before the accident occurred while Bertrand Zobrist experienced a very fanatical internal conflict with

Dante's work, inspired by extreme actions. Langdon and Zobrist also had the same external conflict with the same person, namely Dr. Elizabeth SInskey. Zobrist is needed by Dr. Sinskey in solving a problem, while the Zobrist is one of Dr.'s clients Sinskey who tried to make an outbreak that was not agreed upon and approved by Dr. Sinskey (WHO).

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 4.2 Suggestion

During the making of this paper, I have read Dante's Inferno novel, I took the conflict that happened to the main character, conflict can happen to anyone and at any time, the advice I want to give to the conflict in this novel is, there are still ways Another thing that can be done to reduce the over population in the world, not by making an outbreak and spreading it through the air, and for those who breathe will experience infertility, and according to my advice here, the government should be more decisive in acting in response and handling over population by making a program in each family, for example making a program must have 2 children in each family, if you have more than 2 children you will be subject to sanctions in the form of fines. The conflict that occurs in this novel is indeed very influential on human life in the future, but it's just that the way done does not damage or harm other people. Hopefully this paper can also be a reference for readers who will take care of the conflict issue.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA REFERENCES

Brown, Dan. 2013. INFERNO. New York: Doubleday press.

Esten, Murajal 2013. Kesusastraan Pengantar Terori dan Sejarah. Bandung: Angkasa.

Nurgiyantoro, Burhan. 2009. Teori Pengkajian Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Rees, R.J. 1973. English Literature : an Introduction For Foreign Readers. London: Macmillan Education.

Reeve, Clara. 1785. Literature: an Introduction of Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. New York: Harper Collins.inc.

Sembiring, MCA. 2017. Metode Penelitian. Medan: Unpublished.

Tennyson, G.B. 1967. An Introduction To Drama. Los Angeles: University Of California.

Wellek, Rene dan Austin Warren. 2014. Teori Sastra. jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

William, Whitla. 2010. The English Handbook: A Guide to Literary Studies. United Kingdom. A John Wliey & sons, Ltd.

Wilmot, William W. & Joyce L. Hocker. 1995. Interpersonal Conflict, Third Edition. Iowa: Wm.C.Brown Publishers.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA APPENDICES

Biography of Dan Brwon

( Dan Brown )

Dan Brown born June 22, 1964 is an American author of thriller fiction who is best known for the 2003 bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code. Brown’s novel are treasure hunts set in a 24-hour period, and feature the recurring themes of cryptography, keys, symbols, codes, and conspiracy theories. His book have been translated into 52 languages, and as of 2012, sold over 200 million copies.

Three of them, Angle & Demons( 2000 ), The Da Vinci Code( 2003 ), and

Inferno( 2013 ), have been or are being adapted into films.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA While on vacation in Tahiti in1993, Brown read Sidney Sheldon’s novel

The Doomsday Conspiracy, and was inspired to become a writer of thrillers. He started work on Digital Fortress, setting much of it in Seville, where he had studied in 1985. He also co-wrote a humor book with his wife, 187 Men to

Avoid: A Survival Guide for the Romantically Frustrated Women, under the pseudonym “Danielle Brown”. The book’s author profile reads, Danielle Brown currently lives in New England teaching school, writing books, and avoiding men.

In 1996 Brown quit teaching to become a full-time writer. Digital Fortress was published in 1998. His wife, Blythe did much of the book’s promotion, writing press releases, booking Brown on talk shows, and setting up press interviews. A few months later, Brown and his wife released The Bald Book, another humor book. It was officially credited to his wife, though a representative of the publisher said that it was primarily written by Brown. Brown subsequently wrote Angle & Demons and Deception Point, The book contain several ambigrams created by real-life typographer John Langdon. Besides the “Angels &

Demons” and “Illuminati” design, the title of the book is also presented as an ambigram on the hardcover book jacket (see illustration at right on this page), and on the inside cover of the paperback versions.

The book also contains ambigram of the Earth, Air, Fire, and Water, which has served to bring the art of ambigrams to public attention by virtue of the popularity of the book. The “Illuminati Diamond” mentioned in the book an ambigram of the four elements arranged in the shape of a diamond. Released in

2000 and 2001 respectively, the former of which was the first to feature the lead character, Harvard symbology expert Robert Langdon.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Brown’s first three novels had little success, with fewer than 10,000 copies in each of their first printings. His fourth novel, The Da Vinci Code, The Da Vinci

Code is a 2003 mystery-detective novel by Dan Brown. It follows Symbologist

Robert Langdon and cryptologist Sophie Neveu after a murder in the Priority of

Sion and Opus Dei over the possibility of Jesus Christ having been married to

Mary Magdalene. The title of the novel refers, among others things, to the finding of the first murder victim in the Grand Gallery of the Louvre, naked and posed like Leonardo da Vinci’s famous drawing, the Vitruvian Man, with a cryptic massage written beside his body and a pentagram drawn on his chest in his own blood. Became a bestseller, going to the top of the New York Times Best Seller list during its first week of release in 2003. It is now credited with being one of the most popular books of all time, with 81 million copies sold worldwide as of

2009. Its success has helped push sales of Brown’s earlier books. In 2004 all four of his novels were on the New York Times list in the same week, and in 2005 he made Time magazine’s list of the 100 most influential people of the year. Forbes magazine placed Brown at No 12 on their 2005 “Celebrity 100” list, and estimated his annual income at US$76.5 million. The Times estimated his income from Da

Vinci Code sales $250 million.

Brown’s third novel featuring Robert Langdon, The Lost Symbol, was released on September 15, 2009. According to the publisher, on its first day the book sold over one million in hardcover and e-book versions in the US, the UK and Canada, prompting the printing of 600,000 hardcover copies in addition to the five million first printing.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The story takes place in Washington D.C over a period of 12 hours, and feature the Freemasons. Brown’s promotional website states that puzzle hidden in the book jacket of the Da Vinci Code, including two references to the Kryptos sculpture at CIA Headquarters in Langley, Virginia, give hints about the sequel.

This repeats theme from some of Brown’s earlier work.

Brown’s fourth novel featuring Robert Langdon, Inferno is a mystery thriller novel released on May 14, 2013, by Doubleday. It immediately became a bestseller. In a 2006 interview, Brown stated that he had for about 12 future books featuring Robert Langdon. Characters in Brown’s books are often named after real people in his life. Robert Langdon is named John Langdon, the artist who created the ambigrams used for the Angels & Demons CD and novel.

Camerlengo Carlo Ventresca is named after “On a Claire Day” cartoonist friend Carla Ventresca. In the Vatican archives, Langdon recalls a wedding of two people named Dick an Connie, which are the names of his parents. Robert

Langdon’s editor Jonas Faukman is named after Brown’s real life editor Jason

Kaufman. Brown also said that characters were based on a New Hampshire librarian, and a French teacher at Exeter, Andre Vernet. Cardinal Aldo Baggia, in

Angels & Demons, is named after Aldo Baggia, instructor of modern languages at

Phillips Exeter Academy. In interviews, Brown has said his wife, Blythe, is an art historian and painter. When they met, she was the Director of Artistic

Development at the National Academy for Songwriters in Los Angeles. During the 2006 lawsuit over alleged copyright infringement in The Da Vinci Code, information was introduced at trial that Blythe did research for the book. In one article, she was describe as chief researcher.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA SUMMARY

The Professor of History of Culture, an expert in symbols Robert Langdon wakes up in an unknown hospital. According to the outline of buildings from the dark window, he realizes that he is in Florence, although his last memories are of

Harvard University. With the help of a doctor Sienna Brooks, he finds out that the last two days vanished from his memory. To Siena’s words amnesia is associated with traumatic brain injury and will soon be over.

A woman arrives to the hospital, she is an agent of a secret organization of the Consortium. She is sent to finish with Langdon. Agent rushes into the chamber, but Siena has led Langdon out through the emergency exit. The agent shoots, but Langdon and Sienna have time to leave by taxi.

The chef of Consortium expects news. His organization arranges various falsifications, forms false public opinion and hides clients from the law. At this time he has contacted with the wrong client, thus destruction threatens the

Consortium. However the client, who recently had threw off the Florentine tower, left clear instructions that the boss is going to perform. One of the instruction is on the appointed day to circulate on major television channels video where a masked man tells about the Inferno, and take away from the deposit box a bone cylinder.

However, the cylinder is kidnapped, and the chef sends an agent to rectify the situation.

Siena brings professor home. Langdon finds in Siena’s apartment articles about the girl-child prodigy cut from newspaper. Obviously, this girl is Siena. She shows Langdon capsule for the transport of dangerous substances, which has been

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA sewn in the lining of his jacket. Langdon finger’s imprint opens the capsule. The rofessor calls to the US Consulate, and soon Siena sees the female agent through the window. Langdon decided that the US government wants to kill him. For what? The answer can be in the container and the professor opens it. Inside is a cylinder of carved bone, turned into the mini-projector. It projects a picture of

Botticelli "Hell Map", which shows a part of the "Divine Comedy" by Dante.

Professor notices that the picture has changed, and there appears an inscription on it: “Truth can only be seen through the eyes of death”. To Siena’s home an armored car drives, people in uniform begin to look for Langdon. They are from Support for surveillance and response, and they are also looking for

Langdon. Siena again saves the professor whom she likes more and more.

A female agent tracks down Langdon from the roof of a nearby building, she learns that the Consortium dismissed her from work. Frightened, she decides to rehabilitate and to complete the task.

Since the puzzle in the picture is associated with Dante, Langdon decided to go to the Old Town of Florence, where the poet was born and raised. The agent follows them. Langdon and Siena see that the gates of the Old Town are guarded by police pickets - obviously police are looking for them. They go in the vast gardens of Medici. While they are trying to be found via a radio-controlled helicopter with a camera, Langdon realizes what is encrypted on the projection of the picture. The tip points to a mural and a museum where it is set, is in the Old

Town.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Director of the World Health Organization epidemiologist Elizabeth

Sinskey recalls her meeting with the brilliant scientist-geneticist. He predicted that the overpopulation of the planet would lead to the destruction of mankind, and believed that "human herd" is to be thinned out by a plague epidemic. Sinskey understands that humanity will soon deplete the planet's resources, but cannot agree with the methods offered by the scientist. However, he is assured that the birth follows death, and to attain Paradise, a person has to go through hell.

Langdon and Siena are surrounded by police. They get from the trap with the erudite professor’s knowledge of the architectural features of the Italian palaces of the Medici time. But it is not possible to deceive the Consortium Agent

- woman follows them closely. Langdon gets to the murals, where he is recognized by the museum caretaker. She says that the professor was here yesterday with his friend, the Italian art critic Busoni, they observed the death mask of Dante. Langdon realizes what the phrase means.

When Langdon asks to show him the mask, it turns out that it was stolen.

Surveillance camera shot as Langdon and Busoni stole the death mask. From the custodian Langdon learns that the mask is the property of a scientist Bertrand

Zobrist. Siena knows his demographic apocalypse theory. The supervisor calls the police. Langdon does not remember where the mask is, and cannot return it. The supervisor calls the secretary of Busoni, and discovers that the night before he died of a heart attack. Before his death, he left a message: “What you are looking for is safely hidden. The gates are open for you, but you hurry. "Paradise"

Twenty-fifth.”

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA This is an allusion to the last part of "The Divine Comedy" by Dante.

Museum is surrounded by Bruder’s people, but Langdon and Sienna again avoid the trap and go on a search for the mask. The agent follows them and dies. On their way Siena tells Langdon about Zobrist and his desire to use the genetics not for healing, and for the destruction of people. After meeting with Sinskey the scientist became an outcast and threw himself off the Florentine tower. Siena believes that Zobrist is right.

Busoni’s tip leads Langdon to the old city Christening where Dante has been baptized. They are followed by a man with his face covered with a rash.

They distract the guard's attention, get into the baptismal, the main gates of which are not locked, and find the mask. Its inner side is covered with primer for a canvas. After cleaning it, Langdon discovers verses that mention the treacherous

Doge, a museum of sacred wisdom and underground palace.

In the baptismal Langdon and Siena are overtaken by a person with a rash on the face. He introduces as Jonathan Ferris, WHO staff, and states that the professor is working for them. Siena is inclined to trust him, Langdon does not remember anything. Verse on the mask leads to Venice, where they are sent together previously knocking off the trail.

In a separate compartment of a speed train Ferris says that Sinskey attracted professors to the mystery and revealed the bone cylinder which she removed from the Zobrist’s banking cell. Now, Langdon realizes that he is looking for the source of the plague, and his shrewdness determines the fate of mankind.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA The chef of Consortium changes his rules and views the video left by

Zobrist. What he saw frightened him, and the chief calls the agent FS-2080, who is next to Langdon. It was the agent FS-2080, who was related to Zobrist, advised him to apply to the Consortium. The whole year the organization was hiding the scientist from the WHO, and he was creating the virus. He chef contacts with

Sinskaya.

The FS-2080 is thinking about the deceased beloved, who was not only a lover but also a teacher. He believed that evolution should be artificially accelerated. The agent wants to bring his case to the end. In Venice it turns out that Langdon had made a mistake, the museum and the tomb of the Doge are located in Istanbul. The chef, Sinskey and Bruder also fly to Venice. Langdon does not know that the NDP is a division of the World Health Organization. He tries again to escape from Bruder, but only Siena manages to get away.

Langdon meets Sinskey and the chef. They show him the Zobrist’ video where the plastic bag lowered into the water is seen. When the bag burst, its contents fall into the water and contaminate it. Langdon learns that Siena was the mistress of Zobrist and Consortium’s agent. Siena, being a prodigy, could not find her place in life. She wanted to save the world, but knew how to do it, only when she had met Zobrist. Having to hide from the WHO the scientist left Siena, she resorted to the help of the Consortium, but found him too late. She watched as her beloved committed suicide.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Langdon’s brain injury is fiction. Consortium with medication provoked

Langdon amnesia and put false memories. All this was done so Langdon began to trust Siena and got back the projection. Siena also used his knowledge to find the source of the plague first. Langdon likes Siena, he cannot come to his senses.

By WHO’s plane Langdon gets to Istanbul. On the plane he sees Ferris, who is also an employee of the Consortium. In Istanbul they found an underground room with a lake, which turned out to be the old city’s reservoir, where tourists are now allowed. Shrewd Siena follows them.

Langdon's efforts are in vain: the bag dissolved, the infection occurred.

Seeing in the underground hall Siena, Langdon chases after her. She can run, but stay - she had nowhere to run. Siena tells Langdon about the Zobrist’s letter, which she received before the disappearance of the scientist. Zobrist wrote her about invented virus that invades into human genetic code, and causes infertility.

He loved mankind. Not wanting to kill millions of people, he came up with a safe alternative of the plague.

Siena was afraid that people would understand the principle of the virus, and would produce biological weapons. She decided to destroy the virus, but it was too late. Day, marked by Zobrist, was not a period when the virus will be released, but the date by which all humanity will be infected. The chef realizes that Sinskey will not let him go unpunished. He organizes a hoax and tries to escape, but he did not succeed – he is arrested. Sinskey tries to prevent panic.

Faster than virus spreads only fear.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Langdon leads Siena to the doctor Sinskey. She tells about the virus, which has infected the third of the population of the earth. Zobrist’s letter is destroyed, but

Siena has an unique memory, and Langdon convinces Sinskey to talk with the girl. She recognizes the truth of Zobrist and agrees to work with Siena.

Sinskey takes away Siena for a medical forum in Geneva. Langdon escorts them. After the kiss with Siena the professor hopes that they have future.

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA