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A Review of Odonatology in Freshwater Applied Ecology and Conservation Science

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A Review of Odonatology in Freshwater Applied Ecology and Conservation Science View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Stellenbosch University SUNScholar Repository APPLIED ODONATOLOGY A review of odonatology in freshwater applied ecology and conservation science Jason T. Bried1,3 and Michael J. Samways2,4 1Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 USA 2Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602 South Africa Abstract: The academic study of dragonflies and damselflies (odonatology) is well established, but relatively limited attention has been given to odonates in the context of applied ecology and conservation science. We used the Web of Science™ and Odonatological Abstract Service (ISSN 1438-0269) to capture trends in primary literature, characterize study features (habitats, life stages, etc.), identify research themes, and suggest future directions for odonatology in freshwater applied ecology and conservation science. We found no papers in this area prior to 1980, and 411 papers from 1980 through 2013. Nearly 75% of these papers were recent (since 2005) and >40% were very recent (since 2010). We identified several broad and overlapping research themes: 1) model taxa, 2) tools and indicators, 3) odonate-centered work, and 4) methodological issues and improvements (field sampling, data modeling/simulation, conservation/landscape-scale genetics). We found more reliance on field- based observational approaches than experiments and model-driven exercises, although the number of papers using model-driven exercises is rapidly increasing. We found a strong focus on adult stages, odonate assem- blages, the Odonata as a whole, and studies of particular species. We identified research priorities in areas such as ecological valuation and management, monitoring and assessment, climate change and landscape planning, concordance with other taxa, effects of urbanization, data modeling/simulation, and rare-species ecology and conservation. To help establish an identity and facilitate communication, we suggest naming this diverse realm “applied odonatology”. We think applied odonatology has a good future for a range of topics from conservation genetics and population ecology to assessments of anthropogenic impacts and the conservation of biodiversity. Key words: dragonflies, assessment, climate change, monitoring, landscape planning, freshwater health, biodi- versity conservation The academic study of dragonflies and damselflies (odo- water applied ecology and conservation science. No gen- natology) is well established. However, relatively few odo- eral review of odonatology has been done in this broad natologists work outside of taxonomy and systematics, context, although detailed reviews have been made of behavioral ecology, evolutionary ecology, and other prom- relevant subject areas (e.g., Hassall and Thompson 2008). inent areas of classical research. The major books (Corbet Our purpose was to review the odonatological literature 1999, Córdoba-Aguilar 2008), treatises (e.g., Corbet 1980, for studies related to applied ecology and conservation Stoks and Córdoba-Aguilar 2012), and flagship journals of science, and to provide a formal synthesis and baseline odonatology reveal a productive legacy, but also relatively for assessing advances in freshwater applied science and limited attention to matters of applied ecology and con- conservation via odonates. Rather than diving deeply into servation science. For example, <5% of the 275 papers any particular subject area, we tried to cover many dif- published during 2009–2013 in Odonatologica and the In- ferent areas and provide a general map of the diverse ternational Journal of Odonatology are clearly relevant to field. We excluded nonscientific topics, such as odonates applied ecology or conservation science. Nevertheless, the in ecotourism, culture, and symbolism, and environmen- relatively few odonatologists working in this area and tal education, despite the importance of these areas to researchers based in other fields who often or sometimes public awareness and conservation (Primack et al. 2000, use odonates as principal study subjects are making im- Lemelin 2007). We also did not consider the extensive portant contributions. work in odonate faunistics as being inherently applied, A growing body of dragonfly-related research deals even though faunistic efforts provide essential informa- with the study or use of odonates in the context of fresh- tion for assessments of conservation status and niche mod- E-mail addresses: [email protected]; [email protected] DOI: 10.1086/682174. Received 10 April 2014; Accepted 25 November 2014; Published online 19 May 2015. Freshwater Science. 2015. 34(3):1023–1031. © 2015 by The Society for Freshwater Science. 1023 1024 | Applied odonatology J. T. Bried and M. J. Samways eling. Our goal was to reach out to odonatologists and the Gee et al. 1997, Maxted et al. 2000, King and Richardson broader freshwater-science community seeking tools and 2007). However, we did count studies of broader issues model taxa with which to address pressing issues in the that used odonates and other taxa as model or target realm of applied ecology and conservation science (Strayer groups (e.g., Siegfried 1993, Richter et al. 1997, Palmer 2006). 1999, Le Viol et al. 2009, Rosset et al. 2013, 2014). We used the Odonatological Abstract Service (ISSN 1438-0269) to expand the Web of Science search results. METHODS The Odonatological Abstract Service, published by the In- We extracted odonatology literature stored in the Web ternational Dragonfly Fund in cooperation with the World- of Science™ by querying TOPIC: (dragonfl*ORdamselfl* wide Dragonfly Association, is an ongoing effort to com- OR Anisoptera OR Zygoptera OR Odonata) AND YEAR: pile odonate-related publications (in any language) using (1900–1980 at 5-y intervals, 1980–2013 annually). We Google searches, publisher databases, alerts from Google searched for primary literature (international peer-reviewed and publishers,® and a correspondence network of odo- journals) that appeared to meet the criteria for applied eco- natologists. This repository contains the world’slargestcol- logical or conservation science, as defined by the aims, lection of odonate-related literature, including items from scope, and content of several leading journals (e.g., Aquatic primary and regional/domestic journals, museum bulletins, Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Biolog- government reports and technical series, conference ab- ical Conservation, Insect Conservation and Diversity, Jour- stracts and proceedings, theses and dissertations, and other nal of Applied Ecology). We assessed each candidate paper sources. We viewed titles, keywords, abstracts, and com- and categorized it relative to the 17 subject areas listed in piler annotations of all primary literature available from Table 1. The small number of applied/conservation papers 1997 (when the abstract service began) through 2013, and that did not clearly fit at least one of the main subject stopped at the June 2014 issue. We avoided papers in headings were classified as Miscellaneous. We excluded recently launched open-access journals because of con- purely faunistic or nonscientific surveillance investigations cerns about credibility (Bohannon 2013). The complete ser- and the many studies in which results were reported for vice was accessed using a fully searchable database built and odonates but that did not explicitly target odonates (e.g., maintained by M. Schorr (International Dragonfly Fund). Table 1. Major odonatology research areas in freshwater applied ecology and conservation science using the Web of Science™ (1980–2013) and Odonatological Abstract Service (1997–2013), with the total number of articles from international peer-reviewed journals (No. papers) and frequently associated topics. Categories are not mutually exclusive; many entries were classified under 2 or 3 subject areas (see Appendix S1). Subject area No. papers Key research topics Biocontrol 16 Mosquitos, rice pests Conservation status 23 Priority species, status ranks, vulnerability, Red Lists Disturbance and threats Climate change 38 Range shifts, phenologic shifts Invasives 19 Introduced fish, zebra mussels, Acacia trees Urbanization 13 City landscapes, gradients of human development, secondary habitats Other 65 Agroecology, forestry, altered vegetation Diversity and distributions 36 Biodiversity, biogeography, hotspots Ecological management 34 Habitat creation, recovery, remediation, restoration Genetics 36 Conservation genetics, landscape-scale genetics Landscape ecology 39 Movement and dispersal, metapopulations and metacommunities, fragmentation Methods and modeling 49 Field surveys, genetic methods, climate and niche modeling Monitoring and assessment Indicators 57 Pollution, climate change, diversity, ecological condition, fluctuating asymmetry Other 44 Bioassessment, index applications, population and community trends Planning and valuation 47 Reserve selection/design, species recovery plans, secondary habitats Pollution and toxicology 60 Agriculture/pesticides, heavy metals, developmental instability Rare species ecology 26 Autecology, habitat requirements, population trends Miscellaneous 6 Various topics Volume 34 September 2015 | 1025 For each paper we recorded the year, journal name, geographic location, study type, major habitat, life stage, community vs species focus, general research theme (de- scribed below in ‘General research themes’),
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