Cells in Evolutionary Biology K30272_Title_Page.indd 1 03/26/18 9:06:01 AM EVOLUTIONARY CELL BIOLOGY A Series of Reference Books and Textbooks SERIES EDITORS Brian K. Hall Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Sally A. Moody George Washington University, Washington DC, USA EDITORIAL BOARD Michael Hadfield University of Hawaii, Honolulu, USA Kim Cooper University of California, San Diego, USA Mark Martindale University of Florida, Gainesville, USA David M. Gardiner University of California, Irvine, USA Shigeru Kuratani RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan Noriyuki Satoh Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan Sally Leys University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada SCIENCE PUBLISHER Charles R. Crumly CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group PUBLISHED TITLES Cells in Evolutionary Biology: Translating Genotypes into Phenotypes – Past, Present, Future Edited by Brian K. Hall and Sally A. Moody For more information about this series, please visit: www.crcpress.com/Evolutionary-Cell-Biology/book-series/CRCEVOCELBIO Cells in Evolutionary Biology Translating Genotypes into Phenotypes – Past, Present, Future Edited by Brian K. Hall Sally A. Moody Cover image: Sequential phases of gene expression result in the cellular processes of condensation (left) and deposition of extracellular matrix (right) to initiate cartilage formation. CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-8786-4 (Hardback) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Cover image: Sequential phases of gene expression result in the cellular processes of condensation (left) and deposition of extracellular matrix (right) to initiate cartilage formation. Contents Series Preface ...........................................................................................................vii Preface.......................................................................................................................ix Editors .......................................................................................................................xi Contributors ........................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1 The Role of Cells and Cell Theory in Evolutionary Thought, ca. 1840–1872 .......................................................................................1 Andrew Reynolds Chapter 2 Germ Cells and Somatic Cells in Evolutionary Biology: August Weismann’s Germ Plasm Theory .......................................................25 Ariane Dröscher CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Chapter 3 Cell Lineages in Ontogeny and Phylogeny from 1900 ....................... 51 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Jane Maienschein © 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business Chapter 4 Protists and Multiple Routes to the Evolution of Multicellularity ..... 71 No claim to original U.S. Government works Vidyanand Nanjundiah, Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo, and David Kirk Printed on acid-free paper International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4987-8786-4 (Hardback) Chapter 5 Symbiosis in Eukaryotic Cell Evolution: Genomic This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts Consequences and Changing Classification ..................................... 119 have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers Shinichiro Maruyama and Eunsoo Kim have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Chapter 6 Cellular Signaling Centers and the Maintenance and Evolution of Morphological Patterns in Vertebrates ........................................ 149 Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or Kathryn D. Kavanagh hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. Chapter 7 Cellular Control of Time, Size, and Shape in Development For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copyright. com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood and Evolution .................................................................................... 167 Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the Richard A. Schneider CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com v vi Contents Chapter 8 Cellular Basis of Evolution in Animals: An Evo-Devo Perspective ....................................................................................... 213 R. Craig Albertson Chapter 9 Dynamical Patterning Modules Link Genotypes to Morphological Phenotypes in Multicellular Evolution .................... 235 Stuart A. Newman and Karl J. Niklas Index ......................................................................................................................267 Series Preface In recent decades, the central and integrating role of evolution in all of biology was reinforced as the principles of evolutionary biology were integrated into other biological disciplines, such as developmental biology, ecology, and genetics. Major new fields emerged, chief among which are Evolutionary Developmental Biology (or Evo-Devo) and Ecological Evolutionary Developmental Biology (or Eco-Evo-Devo). Evo-Devo, inspired by the integration of knowledge of change over single lifespans (ontogenetic history) and change over evolutionary time (phylogenetic history) produced a unification of developmental and evolutionary biology that is generating many unantic- ipated synergies. Molecular biologists routinely employ computational and conceptual tools generated by developmental biologists (who study and compare the development of individuals) and by systematists (who study the evolution of life). Evolutionary biologists routinely use detailed analysis of molecules in experimental systems and in the system- atic comparison of organisms. These integrations have shifted paradigms and answered many questions once thought intractable. Although slower to embrace evolution, physi- ology is increasingly being pursued in an evolutionary context. So too, is cell biology. Cell Biology is a rich field in biology with a long history. Technology and instrumen- tation have provided cell biologists the opportunity to make ever more detailed obser- vations of the structure of cells and the processes that occur within and between cells of similar and dissimilar types. In recent years, cell biologists have increasingly asked