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Evaluate, Naturalized, Tropical Tree, Unarmed, Edible Pulp, Bird-Dispersed

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Evaluate, Naturalized, Tropical Tree, Unarmed, Edible Pulp, Bird-Dispersed Family: Fabaceae Taxon: Inga feuilleei Synonym: Inga cumingiana Benth. Common Name: pacae Inga edulis sensu auct. ice cream bean Inga feuillei DC. [Spelling variant] pacae de Lima pacay Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: HPWRA OrgData Designation: EVALUATE Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: HPWRA OrgData WRA Score 3 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 n 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 2/21/2013 Inga feuilleei (Fabaceae) Page 1 of 7 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 n 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 y 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 n 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 n 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 n 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, >3 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 n areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 n 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 y 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 n 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 y 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: EVALUATE WRA Score 3 Print Date: 2/21/2013 Inga feuilleei (Fabaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 1998. Brennan, E.B./Mudge, K.W.. Vegetative [Is the species highly domesticated? Long history of use, but no evidence that this propagation of Inga feuillei from shoot cuttings tree relies on humans for cultivation] "Inga feuillei spread from its center of and air layering. New Forests. 15: 37–51. domestication (Peru) during the Inca Empire, extending from Chile and Bolivia to Ecuador (Yacovleff and Herrera 1934 cited in Leon 1966). Extensive cultivation of Inga and other nitrogen fixing tree species as shade for coffee (Coffea sp. L.) in Latin America is well documented (Leon 1966; Palm and Sanchez 1990; Pursglove 1974; Roskoski 1982; Van Kessell and Roskoski 1981, 1983)." 101 2001. EcoPort (Contributor: FAO). Inga feuillei. [Is the species highly domesticated? No evidence] "Vegetative selections http://ecoport.org/ep?Plant=6893&entityType=PLC (apparently made in ancient times) exist, but no true horticultural varieties are R**&entityDisplayCategory=full [Accessed 20 Feb known." 2013] 102 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 103 2013. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. NA 201 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s)2 -High] "This species is a Medicinal Plants. Volume 1, Fruits. Springer, New native of Peru and is cultivated there in gardens, where it is called pacay. It is York often grown in the highland valleys and coastal lowlands of Peru and Ecuador." 202 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Quality of climate match data 2-High] Medicinal Plants. Volume 1, Fruits. Springer, New York 203 2013. Tropicos.org. Tropicos [Online Database]. [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)? Yes] Collected at 40 m, Missouri Botanical Garden, 25°20'00"S 048°44'00"W [Brazil] to 2750 - 2800 m elevation, 13°16'00"S http://www.tropicos.org/ 072°16'00"W [Broad potenial elevation range] 204 2012. Lim, T.K.. Edible Medicinal and Non- [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] "This Medicinal Plants. Volume 1, Fruits. Springer, New species is a native of Peru and is cultivated there in gardens, where it is called York pacay. It is often grown in the highland valleys and coastal lowlands of Peru and Ecuador." …"This species is more subtropical but share similar agro-ecological requirements as for Inga edulis." 205 1966. Leon, J.. Central American and West Indian [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Species of Inga (Leguminosae). Annals of the range? Yes] "Inga feuillei is the only species of the genus that has been planted as Missouri Botanical Garden. 53(3): 265-359. a fruit tree outside the natural range, in California, Polynesia, Italy, etc." 301 2012. Parker, J.L./Parsons, B.. New Plant [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] "This commonly cultivated tree has been Records from the Big Island for 2010–2011. seen naturalizing successfully on the windward side of the island. Ice-cream bean Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. 113: 65–74. tree, or pacay, is native to Peru and Bolivia and is described as having 1×- pinnately compound leaves with 3–4 pairs of leathery, taperingelliptic leaflets arranged oppositely along a winged axis (central stem). The white, mimosa-type, 1.25–1.50 in long flowers are borne in heads at the apexes of brownish fuzzy stalks. The green pods are flattened, 8–24 in long and 2–3 in wide, and 4-angled by virtue of their distinctly raised margins (staples & Herbst 2005). Material examined. HAWAI‘I: north Hilo Distr. Hwy 19, o‘ōkala, 2214290n 261272e. Group of small trees, ~20 ft tall, naturalized in pasture with Panicum maximum. White mimosoid flowers with 4-angled, thick, green pods. Compound dark-green leaves with winged petioles, 24 aug 2010, J. Parker & R. Parsons BIED133." 302 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 303 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 304 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Environmental weed? No evidence] Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia 305 2012. Randall, R.P.. A Global Compendium of [Congeneric weed? Potentially] Inga ingoides, Inga jinicuil, Inga nobilis, Inga Weeds. 2nd Edition. Department of Agriculture quaternata, Inga sapindoides. Inga schimpffii, Inga sp., Inga spectabilis, and Inga and Food, Western Australia striata are listed as naturalized and/or weeds of some kind, but no evidence of negative impacts was found in the literature. Print Date: 2/21/2013 Inga feuilleei (Fabaceae) Page 3 of 7 401 1916. Pittier, H.. Preliminary Revision of the [Produces spines, thorns or burrs? No evidence] "A tree with rounded depressed, Genus Inga. Contributions from the United States spreading crown, the young branchlets fulvous-pubescent, covered with numerous National Herbarium. 18: 173-224. white lenticels. Rachis of the leaves fulvous hairy, narrowly winged, 14 to 25 cm. long, the petiolar part wingless, 2 to 3.5 cm. long; stipules not seen, caducous; glands small, subsessile, inconspicuous; leaflets 4 or 5-jugate, oblique, coriaceous, the petiolules not over 2 mm. long, thick, fulvous hairy, the blades oblong-elliptic, rounded at the base, acutely acuminate at the apex, reticulate, sparsely hairy or glabrescent above, the costa, veins, and venules more or less sparsely hairy beneath, the blades of the basal pair 6 to 10 cm. long, 4 cm. broad, those of the terminal pair 10 to 20 cm.
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