DOCSLIB.ORG

People and Plants in Northern Peru

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
People and Plants in Northern Peru PEOPLE AND PLANTS IN NORTHERN PERU: AN ETHNOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE USE OF PLANTS IN THE FISHING COMMUNITY OF HUANCHACO A Dissertation by ROSSANA PAREDES SALCEDO Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Vaughn M. Bryant Committee Members, Allison L. Hopkins Fred Smeins Alston V. Thoms Head of Department, Cynthia Werner May 2019 Major Subject: Anthropology Copyright 2019 Rossana Paredes Salcedo ABSTRACT Ethnoarchaeology studies modern patterns of human behavior to understand and reconstruct past cultural practices as reflected in the archaeological record. The well-studied flora, the good preservation of botanical remains, and the well-known cultural groups, make the northern coastal region of Peru an ideal study area to conduct ethnoarchaeological investigations on plant uses. Huanchaco is a beachside town located in northern Peru where the local fishing community relies on traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) about the use of plants. TEK is observed in the construction of reed vessels, known as caballitos de torora, that they use daily for fishing. TEK has been transmitted since prehispanic times as evidenced in the archeological record. To understand the role of plants in the development of human subsistence strategies through time, this dissertation identifies past and present relationships between the fishing community and useful plants of Huanchaco. Modern botanical specimens were collected and identified, today’s fishermen and their relatives were interviewed about the modern plant uses, and plant remains from Initial Period (1500 – 1200 BCE) occupations were analyzed. Results show that the fishing community of Huanchaco use plants mainly for food, medicinal and industrial purposes. Plants from the Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Cucurbitaceae are the most predominant in the modern record and taxa from Poaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae in the archaeological record. Ethnoarchaeological studies along with historical and prehispanic evidence suggests that TEK on plant uses adapted through the generations in response to economic and technological changes that accompanied globalization processes. TEK on the use of plants still plays an important role in the everyday practice of strategies for subsistence in the fishing community of Huanchaco and is considered part of the Peruvian cultural heritage. ii DEDICATION To the human that has always believed in me. Mom, this is for you. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Vaughn M. Bryant, who guided me throughout this research and taught me how capable, strong and positive a human can be. I will always admire you Dr. Bryant for all your professional and altruistic work! Thank you to my mentor, Dr. Allison L. Hopkins, for helping me discover my ethnobotanical passion. I am glad I had the chance to learn from you how to connect with people through my research interests in recognizing the cultural importance of plant knowledge. I would like to thank Dr. Thoms and Dr. Smeins for their guidance and support throughout the course of my graduate program. Their expertise on archaeology and plant ecology contributed to the ethnoarchaeological focus of this research. Thank you for being such admirable professors and consistently reminded me that a language barrier should not be an obstacle in school. Thanks to Dr. Luis Huamán who introduced me to the palynological world for the first time during my undergraduate studies. Profe, I appreciate your unconditional help and motivation for me to become a professional in the study of plants. Thanks for the botany and life classes! As an international student and a shy person, it was hard to become used to this new school and social life. However, many kind people made it easier. Thank you to Angelina Perrotti, Tony Taylor, Casey Wayne, Chase Beck, Katelyn McDonough, Taylor Siskind, Mary Katherine Bryant and Crystal Dozier for making the pollen lab feel like home to me. Also, thanks to my non-pollen friends Paloma Cuello, Armando Inurreta and Shannon Hodges for making my bilingual life much cooler and my stomach much bigger. Thanks too to my dearest friends, Mauricio Carvajal, Mayra Mendoza, Ronald Juarez and Maria Alejandra Fernandez. Thank you for your unconditional friendship, emotional support, iv delicious food and many enjoyable moments. In addition, I thank my writing consultant, Alexis Smith, for helping me revising this manuscript. Finally, I would like to extend my endless gratitude to my family. Mami Rossana, Cinthya, Ana Paula, Lauren and Roko. This dissertation would not have been possible without you and your infinite love. Thanks for all the happiness and the encouragement, and for teaching me how to be a strong woman. v CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES This work was supported by a dissertation committee consisting of Professor Vaughn Bryant (advisor), Professor Allison L. Hopkins and Professor Alston V. Thoms of the Department of Anthropology, and Professor Fred Smeins of the Department of Ecosystem Science and Management. The research in chapter II was completed by the student, in collaboration with Allison L. Hopkins of the Department of Anthropology at Texas A&M University and Fiorella Villanueva of the Magdalena Pavlich Herbarium at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima, Peru The case study on totora use presented in chapter IV was conducted in part by Allison L. Hopkins of the Department of Anthropology and was published in 2018. Dissertation research was financially supported by the Department of Anthropology and the Palynology Laboratory at Texas A&M University. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. ii DEDICATION .......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................................ iv CONTRIBUTORS AND FUNDING SOURCES .................................................................... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS .......................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................. ix LIST OF TABLES .................................................................................................................... x CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 I.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................... 1 I.2 Background ................................................................................................................... 2 I.3 Research Objectives ...................................................................................................... 5 I.4 Study Region Description ............................................................................................. 7 I.5 References .................................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER II THE ETHNOBOTANY OF THE FISHING COMMUNITY OF HUANCHACO ....................................................................................................................... 21 II.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 21 II.2 Methods ....................................................................................................................... 23 II.3 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................ 24 II.4 Results ....................................................................................................................... 25 II.5 Discussion ................................................................................................................... 32 II.6 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 37 II.7 References ................................................................................................................... 38 CHAPTER III PALEOETHNOBOTANY OF THE EARLY INITIAL PERIOD OF GRAMALOTE IN NORTHERN PERU .................................................................................. 44 III.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 44 III.2 Methods ...................................................................................................................... 46 III.3 Results ...................................................................................................................... 47 III.4 Discussion .................................................................................................................. 50 vii III.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 59 II.6 References ................................................................................................................... 60
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phytochemicals Are Natural Resources of Food Supplement for Happier People
    Horticulture International Journal Review Article Open Access Phytochemicals are natural resources of food supplement for happier people Abstract Volume 3 Issue 6 - 2019 Cacao plants are used for a widespread range of diseases and used in different forms such 1 2 as the full of magnesium for a healthy heart, brain for human, highest plant-based source Fakhrul Islam Sukorno, Shariful Islam, Ak of iron and used as mood elevator like a natural mood elevator and anti-depressant. Maca Lutful Kabir,3 Celia Vargas de la Cruz,4 Sakila are widely used in increases energy level and stamina. It is effectively used in women’s Zaman,5 Gali Adamu Ishaku6 health and mood like alleviates menstrual and menopause issues. Quinoa contains all the 1Department of Pharmacy, North south University, Bangladesh nine essential amino acids, almost twice as much fiber as most other grains and perfect 2Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Bangladesh for people with gluten intolerance. Goldenberry helps to prevent certain chronic diseases; 3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, low in calories only has about 53 calories per 100 grams and modulates immune function. Bangladesh 4 Lucuma contains beneficial nutrients that sugar lacks. It can help the digestive system Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry - Centro work properly and improves the transportation of oxygen into cells. Purple Corn helps Latinoamericano de Enseñanza e Investigación en Bacteriología the regeneration of cells and connective tissues. Could reduce cancer risk as anthocyanins Alimentaria, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Perú 5Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, could kill cancer cells. Prevents degeneration of cells and slows aging process.
    [Show full text]
  • Grasses Plant List
    Grasses Plant List California Botanical Name Common Name Water Use Native Aristida purpurea purple three-awn Very Low X Arundinaria gigantea cane reed Low Bothriochloa barbinodis cane bluestem Low X Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats grama Low X Bouteloua gracilis, cvs. blue grama Low X Briza media quaking grass Low Calamagrostis x acutiflora cvs., e.g. Karl feather reed grass Low Foerster Cortaderia selloana cvs. pampas grass Low Deschampsia cespitosa, cvs. tufted hairgrass Low X Distichlis spicata (marsh, reveg.) salt grass Very Low X Elymus condensatus, cvs. (Leymus giant wild rye Low X condensatus) Elymus triticoides (Leymus triticoides) creeping wild rye Low X Eragrostis elliottii 'Tallahassee Sunset' Elliott's lovegrass Low Eragrostis spectabilis purple love grass Low Festuca glauca blue fescue Low Festuca idahoensis, cvs. Idaho fescue Low X Festuca mairei Maire's fescue Low Helictotrichon sempervirens, cvs. blue oat grass Low Hordeum brachyantherum Meadow barley Very Low X Koeleria macrantha (cristata) June grass Low X Melica californica oniongrass Very Low X Melica imperfecta coast range onion grass Very Low X Melica torreyana Torrey's melic Very Low X Muhlenbergia capillaris, cvs. hairy awn muhly Low Muhlenbergia dubia pine muhly Low Muhlenbergia filipes purply muhly Low Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Lindheimer muhly Low Muhlenbergia pubescens soft muhly Low Muhlenbergia rigens deer grass Low X Nassella gigantea giant needle grass Low Panicum spp. panic grass Low Panicum virgatum, cvs. switch grass Low Pennisetum alopecuroides, cvs.
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz Responding to An
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENT PLANT PEST-PATHOGEN COMPLEX ACROSS SOCIAL-ECOLOGICAL SCALES A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES with an emphasis in ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY by Shannon Colleen Lynch December 2020 The Dissertation of Shannon Colleen Lynch is approved: Professor Gregory S. Gilbert, chair Professor Stacy M. Philpott Professor Andrew Szasz Professor Ingrid M. Parker Quentin Williams Acting Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Shannon Colleen Lynch 2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables iv List of Figures vii Abstract x Dedication xiii Acknowledgements xiv Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 References 10 Chapter 2 – Host Evolutionary Relationships Explain 12 Tree Mortality Caused by a Generalist Pest– Pathogen Complex References 38 Chapter 3 – Microbiome Variation Across a 66 Phylogeographic Range of Tree Hosts Affected by an Emergent Pest–Pathogen Complex References 110 Chapter 4 – On Collaborative Governance: Building Consensus on 180 Priorities to Manage Invasive Species Through Collective Action References 243 iii LIST OF TABLES Chapter 2 Table I Insect vectors and corresponding fungal pathogens causing 47 Fusarium dieback on tree hosts in California, Israel, and South Africa. Table II Phylogenetic signal for each host type measured by D statistic. 48 Table SI Native range and infested distribution of tree and shrub FD- 49 ISHB host species. Chapter 3 Table I Study site attributes. 124 Table II Mean and median richness of microbiota in wood samples 128 collected from FD-ISHB host trees. Table III Fungal endophyte-Fusarium in vitro interaction outcomes.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Archaeology W Iny the New Deal
    NEW DEAL ARCHAEOLOGY A NEWW ARCHAEOLOGYY IN THE NEWW DEAL THE RISE OF HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGYY IN THE 1930S Benjamin C. Pykles Benjamin C. Pykles is ann Assistantt Professorr inn thee Departmentt off Anthropologyy att the State University off New York att Potsdam. istorical archaeology—the archaeologyy off the Mod- only standing architectural ern World (approximately the last 500 years off remains from the seven- Hhuman history)—has its disciplinaryy roots in the teenth century. It was not historic preservation movementt off the United States during until 1934, however, when the late nineteenth and earlyy twentieth centuries (Pykles the National Park Service 2008). Historical archaeology’s true institutional beginnings, (NPS) secured possession of however, are tied to the federally sponsored archaeologyy proj- the main portion of ects conducted under the auspices off the Neww Deal pro- Jamestown Island, that a grams off the 1930s. Chieff among those projects in terms of large-scale archaeological the developmentt off historical archaeology in the United program at the site was insti- States were the 1934–1941 excavations at Jamestown, Vir- tuted, relying on the labor of ginia, directed byy J. C. Harrington (Figure 1). During this young African-American critical time in the historyy off the field, Harrington estab- men enrolled in the Civilian lished some off the fundamental methods and practices used Conservation Corps (CCC). Figuree 1. Jeann Carll Harrington by historical archaeologists todayy and did much to promote Because there were few, iff any, (1901-1998), the “founding and legitimize the emerging discipline. As a resultt off these professionally trained archae- ffather”” off historicall archaeology efforts, Harrington is widely recognized as the “founding ologists with any experience, in the Unitedd States.
    [Show full text]
  • Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017
    Broadleaf Woodoats (Chasmanthium latifolia) Introductory Grass Identification Workshop University of Houston Coastal Center 23 September 2017 1 Introduction This 5 hour workshop is an introduction to the identification of grasses using hands- on dissection of diverse species found within the Texas middle Gulf Coast region (although most have a distribution well into the state and beyond). By the allotted time period the student should have acquired enough knowledge to identify most grass species in Texas to at least the genus level. For the sake of brevity grass physiology and reproduction will not be discussed. Materials provided: Dried specimens of grass species for each student to dissect Jewelry loupe 30x pocket glass magnifier Battery-powered, flexible USB light Dissecting tweezer and needle Rigid white paper background Handout: - Grass Plant Morphology - Types of Grass Inflorescences - Taxonomic description and habitat of each dissected species. - Key to all grass species of Texas - References - Glossary Itinerary (subject to change) 0900: Introduction and house keeping 0905: Structure of the course 0910: Identification and use of grass dissection tools 0915- 1145: Basic structure of the grass Identification terms Dissection of grass samples 1145 – 1230: Lunch 1230 - 1345: Field trip of area and collection by each student of one fresh grass species to identify back in the classroom. 1345 - 1400: Conclusion and discussion 2 Grass Structure spikelet pedicel inflorescence rachis culm collar internode ------ leaf blade leaf sheath node crown fibrous roots 3 Grass shoot. The above ground structure of the grass. Root. The below ground portion of the main axis of the grass, without leaves, nodes or internodes, and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species on Salt-Affected Soil at Cheyenne Bottoms, Kansas
    TRANSACTIONS OF THE KANSAS Vol. 109, no. 3/4 ACADEMY OF SCIENCE p. 207-213 (2006) Plant species on salt-affected soil at Cheyenne Bottoms, Kansas TODD A. ASCHENBACH1 AND KELLY KINDSCHER2 1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-2106 ([email protected]) 2. Kansas Biological Survey, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047-3729 ([email protected]). Soil salinity and vegetative cover were investigated at Cheyenne Bottoms Preserve, Kansas in an effort to identify and document the plant species present on naturally occurring salt- and sodium-affected soil. Soil salinity (as indicated by electrical conductivity, ECe) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) were measured from nine soil samples collected to a depth of 20 cm in June 1998. Vegetative cover was visually estimated in June and September 1998. A total of 20 plant species were encountered at five soil sampling locations on soils classified as saline, saline-sodic, or sodic. Dominant species observed include Agropyron smithii, Distichlis spicata, Euphorbia geyeri, Poa arida, and Sporobolus airoides. While most species encountered during this study exhibited greater vegetative cover on non-saline soils, all of the dominant species, except A. smithii, exhibited greater cover on salt-affected soil compared to non- saline soil. Comparable salinity levels and species found in areas that have been degraded through oil and gas production activities suggest that the dominant species observed in this study deserve further attention as potential candidates for the restoration of salt-affected areas. Key Words: brine contamination, Cheyenne Bottoms, restoration, saline-sodic, salinity, salt tolerance. INTRODUCTION osmotic stress, ion toxicity or decreased absorption of essential nutrients (Läuchli and Salt-affected soils are commonly found in arid Epstein 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • The Archaeology of Maritime Adaptations
    Anthropology 6146 Sec 211G/ CBD 234 Dr. Susan D. deFrance Spring 2016 1350-B Turlington Hall/1112 Turlington [email protected] Office hours Tues & Thursday 2-3:30 pm and by appt. The Archaeology of Maritime Adaptations Course Objectives and Goals: This seminar examines issues pertaining to human maritime adaptations in archaeological, ethnohistoric and ethnographic contexts. Issues to be examined include: 1) Definitions of Maritime Adaptations 2) History of Investigations 3) Characteristics of Marine Resources 4) Technology and Organization of Maritime Predation 5) Limitations on Maritime Subsistence 6) Ownership, Territory, and Resource Rights 7) Population, Settlement and Site Size 8) Economic and Political Organization 9) Complexity of Maritime Societies Populations and cultures exhibiting maritime adaptations, among others, include: Jomon, Pacific Islands, Yagan, Andean Coast, Chumash, Northwest Coast, Eskimo/Aleut, Red Paint Archaic, Calusa, European Mesolithic, Coastal Maya Readings are available on the course elearning/Sakai site. Written Work and Class Presentations: 1) Weekly Assignments: 1-2 page review (critique, evaluation – not summaries) of ALL weekly readings. These are due at the start of class; late papers are not accepted without prior permission. 2) Each session students will be assigned one reading to present in detail (max. 15 minutes). Oral presentations will rotate between students depending on the number of reading assignments per week. All students must be prepared to discuss all the weekly readings at class time. 3) Final Paper (due APRIL 25 AT 4 PM- NO late papers, No incompletes, emergencies excluded) – on an approved topic related to the Archaeology of Maritime Adaptations. Final Paper should follow American Antiquity format for bibliography with a minimum of 2 references per page.
    [Show full text]
  • Bristlecone Chapter of the California Native Plant Society
    1 DEDICATED TO THE PRESERVATION OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE FLORA The California Native Plant Society Volume 23 No. 5 September/October 2003 NEXT CHAPTER MEETING At our September 24th meeting, Dr. Pamela Muick, Executive Director of the California Native Plant Society, will present a slide talk titled "Quirky California Oaks." She will give an overview of California's oaks, including those on the Sierra eastside, discuss history of human use, restoration and management, and the future of our oak woodlands and forests. Based on her years of experience in oak habitats Pam originated the idea for the book "Oaks of California" which she co-authored. Her book will be available for purchase and signing. The meeting will be held at the Green Church on Hwy #395 at Benton Crossing Road at 7:00 PM. Everyone is invited to a potluck dinner before the meeting at 5:45 PM at the Green Church. Please bring your own table setting and a dish to share. This will be an opportunity for Pam to hear from Bristlecone members what our chapter would like from the various CNPS programs and the state office and ideas about how to strengthen CNPS. Please plan to attend. NEXT CHAPTER BOARD MEETING The next chapter board meeting will be at 7:00 PM on Tuesday, Sept. 16, at Stephen and Karen's residence in Swall Meadows. All are welcome to attend. PRESIDENT'S MESSAGE:. As the nights grow longer and the mornings become colder, many of our local plants are losing their green chlorophyll or dropping their leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • Joyˉome™ Multi-Action Collagen Complex
    Joy¯ome Multi-Action Collagen Complex | Product Information Sheet JOYOMEˉ ™ MULTI-ACTION COLLAGEN COMPLEX Stay YOUthful. Aging happens, and that’s a beautiful thing. Joy¯o me’s Multi-Action Collagen Complex works in three key ways to help you sip your way to a youthful glow and enjoy the confidence that comes from filter-free, flawless skin. * ability to produce more collagen, which helps to strengthen Support Your Glow From your skin structure.* The Inside Out 3. Maintain: Keep more of what you’ve got by inhibiting an enzyme responsible for collagen breakdown.* Imagine a house without walls, or a bridge without beams. Like many things, your skin stays strong and smooth thanks to support from underneath – and that support comes from a complex protein What’s inside? called collagen. Early on, your body makes collagen naturally This clean and safe multi-action formula features clinically-studied and abundantly. But, did you know that after your 20s collagen ingredients and a powerful beauty blend, enriched with FOS production slows by 68% over your lifetime?1 prebiotic, ceramides, biotin, vitamins C and E, and antioxidant-rich superfoods. When collagen levels are high, your skin feels hydrated, smooth, • 5 grams of highly-bioavailable Types I and III marine and grass- and firm. When they’re low, wrinkles, sagging, and other signs of fed bovine hydrolyzed collagen to help strengthen the dermal aging set in. But what if you could reduce this process and support matrix and promote collagen synthesis* your skin’s youthfulness with every sip? Joy ¯o me Multi-Action • FOS, the same prebiotic found in Joy ¯o me’s age-defying serums Collagen Complex is here to help with an advanced formula unlike • Ceramides to reduce skin dryness, hydrate and plump the skin, anything else.* and improve elasticity* Adding Years Has Never Looked • Biotin to support healthy skin, hair, and nails* • Vitamins C and E to support cell function and skin health* So Good • Antioxidants from an unparalleled superfood blend to help Life is fun and exciting.
    [Show full text]
  • Pouteria Lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, 1898 (Lucuma)
    Pouteria lucuma (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, 1898 (Lucuma) Identifiants : 25517/pouluc Association du Potager de mes/nos Rêves (https://lepotager-demesreves.fr) Fiche réalisée par Patrick Le Ménahèze Dernière modification le 27/09/2021 Classification phylogénétique : Clade : Angiospermes ; Clade : Dicotylédones vraies ; Clade : Astéridées ; Ordre : Ericales ; Famille : Sapotaceae ; Classification/taxinomie traditionnelle : Règne : Plantae ; Sous-règne : Tracheobionta ; Division : Magnoliophyta ; Classe : Magnoliopsida ; Ordre : Ebenales ; Famille : Sapotaceae ; Genre : Pouteria ; Synonymes : Achras lucuma Ruiz & Pav, Lucuma bifera Mol, Lucuma biflora J. F. Gmel, Lucuma obovata Kunth, Lucuma turbinata Molina, Pouteria insignis Baehni, Pouteria obovata HBK, Richardella lucuma (R & P) Aubreville ; Nom(s) anglais, local(aux) et/ou international(aux) : lucmo, lucuma, eggfruit , Eivrucht, Lucma, Lucumo, Mamon, Queo, Rucma, Teissa ; Rapport de consommation et comestibilité/consommabilité inférée (partie(s) utilisable(s) et usage(s) alimentaire(s) correspondant(s)) : Partie(s) comestible(s){{{0(+x) : fruit0(+x). Utilisation(s)/usage(s){{{0(+x) culinaire(s) : les fruits sont consommés frais ou utilisés pour faire de la glace ; ils sont également utilisés pour les puddings et les gâteaux/cakes ; il peut être séché et stocké sous forme de farine{{{0(+x). Les fruits sont consommés frais ou utilisés pour faire des glaces. Ils sont également utilisés pour les puddings et les gâteaux. Il peut être séché et stocké sous forme de farine néant, inconnus ou indéterminés.néant, inconnus ou indéterminés. Illustration(s) (photographie(s) et/ou dessin(s)): Autres infos : dont infos de "FOOD PLANTS INTERNATIONAL" : Page 1/2 Statut : Le fruit est populaire en Amérique du Sud. Ils sont vendus sur les marchés. C'est une plante alimentaire cultivée{{{0(+x) (traduction automatique).
    [Show full text]
  • Intra- and Interspecific Variation in Home-Range Size in Sympatric Tuco-Tucos, Ctenomys Australis and C
    Journal of Mammalogy, 91(6):1425–1434, 2010 Intra- and interspecific variation in home-range size in sympatric tuco-tucos, Ctenomys australis and C. talarum A. P. CUTRERA,* M. S. MORA,C.D.ANTENUCCI, AND A. I. VASSALLO Laboratorio de Ecofisiologı´a, Departamento de Biologı´a, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientı´ficas y Te´cnicas (CONICET), C.C. 1245, Mar del Plata, Argentina Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/91/6/1425/889849 by guest on 29 September 2021 * Correspondent: [email protected] Despite the fundamental nature of the home range to the biology of a species, aspects of its size, shape, and structure are not well defined in certain groups, such as subterranean rodents. These rodents, characterized by limited individual mobility and a patchy distribution of local populations, generally defend multipurpose territories in which breeding and foraging take place, increasing the chances for trade-offs among factors of habitat quality. The present study assessed the home-range size and shape of 2 species of tuco-tucos, Ctenomys australis (300–600 g) and C. talarum (100–180 g), using radiotelemetry in an area where they occur in sympatry, and explored the factors that could influence space use in these subterranean rodents. Home-range size (95% adaptive kernel) of C. australis (1,282.22 6 1,014.83 m2) was ,19-fold larger than that of C. talarum (66.69 6 22.34 m2). The area covered daily by C. australis represented only about 9% of the total home-range size estimated by radiotelemetry in this study and was almost twice as large as that of C.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodological Issues in Zooarchaeology
    Methodological Issues in Zooarchaeology Tanya M. Peres The main goal of zooarchaeology, as a specialty within archaeology, is to interpret human and environment interactions based primarily on the animal remains recov- ered from archaeological sites. This chapter is not meant to be a comprehensive text on zooarchaeology; rather it is a guide to some of the analytical methods and ter- minology that are used commonly by practitioners of zooarchaeology. While each researcher has her/his own way of analyzing and interpreting animal remains, some methods, terms, and analytical tools are considered standard. The purpose of this chapter is to give the reader an overview of basic methodological issues and appli- cations within zooarchaeology. I acknowledge that not all the faunal remains recov- ered from archaeological sites are related to subsistence activities; however, as the chapters included in this volume are centered on discerning subsistence behaviors through the integration of multiple datasets, I focus more on subsistence practices here. This chapter addresses taphonomic and recovery issues as well as sampling and analytical methods to enable the reader to understand the case studies included in this volume (for a similar treatment of paleoethnobotanical remains, see Wright, this volume). 1 Why Study Zooarchaeology? Animal remains can be used to inform us about a variety of issues in the study of societies, such as environment, seasonality, subsistence, hunting practices, political and social organization, settlement patterns, and resource-use. As a discipline, zoo- archaeology has grown exponentially over the past three decades to include special- ists working in dozens of countries on all aspects and time periods of human history (Hesse and Wapnish 1985).
    [Show full text]