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Universidad Panamericana UNIVERSIDAD PANAMERICANA ESCUELA DE COMUNICACIÓN “EL EFECTO DUQUES DE CAMBRIDGE” T E S I S P R O F E S I O N A L Q U E P R E S E N T A LAURA GABRIELA MATEOS GUTIÉRREZ P A R A O B T E N E R E L T Í T U L O D E : L I C E N C I A D A E N C O M U N I C A C I Ó N DIRECTORES DE LA TESIS: Dr. Mariano Emmanuel Navarro Arroyo Mtra. Claudia Ivett Romero Delgado MÉXICO, D.F. 2015 Para Dios y mis amados padres Laura y Alberto 2 Índice 3 Agradecimientos 5 Introducción 7 Parte I Apuntes biográficos en torno a los Duques de Cambridge 10 Capítulo 1 11 “Las familias Windsor y Middleton” 1.1 La Princesa del pueblo: Lady Di 12 1.2 El Príncipe de Gales: el Príncipe Carlos 14 1.3 Duquesa de Cornualles: Camila 19 1.4 El bebé heredero: William 21 1.5 El Príncipe rebelde: Harry 27 1.6 Familia Middleton 30 1.7 Kate Middleton 32 Capítulo 2 36 “El inicio de una vida juntos: los futuros reyes del Reino Unido” 2.1 Todo comienza en la Universidad de St. Andrews 37 2.2 La pasarela que conquistó el corazón de un Príncipe 40 2.3 Un rompimiento ruidoso 42 2.4 Un compromiso Real 44 2.5 Los preparativos 48 2.6 29 de abril de 2011 52 2.7 Gira a Canadá y Estados Unidos de América 73 2.8 Juegos Olímpicos 2012 76 2.9 Jubileo de Diamante de la Reina Isabel II 76 2.10 El principito 78 2.11 Gira a Nueva Zelanda y Australia 88 3 Parte II Estudio del “efecto Kate”, “efecto George” y la cobertura mediática en torno a los Duques de Cambridge 91 Capítulo 3 92 “El efecto Kate y George” 3.1 ¿Qué es el “efecto Kate”? 93 3.2 Polémicas 106 3.3 El “efecto George” 113 Capítulo 4 116 “La teoría del Agenda – Setting aplicada al caso de los Duques de Cambridge” 4.1 ¿Qué es la teoría de Agenda - Setting? 118 4.2 Acontecimientos entorpecedores y no entorpecedores 122 4.2.2 Los Duques de Cambridge en Inglaterra y el Reino Unido 126 4.2.3 Los Duques de Cambridge en México y el mundo 135 4.3 Niveles del Agenda – Setting según McCombs: Eventos y atributos 140 4.3.1 Eventos de los Duques de Cambridge 144 4.3.2 Atributos de los Duques de Cambridge 189 Conclusiones 199 Bibliografía y fuentes 206 4 A Dios: Gracias por siempre permitirme sentir que estás cerca de mí y ayudarme a conseguir una nueva meta con la fortaleza que me das día con día. A mi mamá: Gracias por ser mi mayor pilar de fe y fortaleza para conseguir mis sueños y metas. Gracias por creer en mí, sin ti yo no existiría, eres mi camino y mi luz, te amo. Besitos. A mi papá: Daddio, gracias por siempre mantener tu fe en mí, esto sin ti tampoco sería posible, eres parte de mi fortaleza, fe y paciencia. Gracias por el apoyo total en mis decisiones y por hacerme saber que siempre estarás a mi lado cuando lo necesite, te amo. Für meine Liebe: Benedikt, vielen Dank für all deine Liebe, Glauben, Stärke und Geduld. Dies wäre ohne dich nicht möglich. Ich bin glücklich ein Teil eurer Familie sein zu können. Ich liebe dich sehr, jetzt und für immer. A mis hermanos: Gracias a mis hermanos; Marco, gracias por dejarme saber que cuento contigo. A Brad y Kajenje, mis gordos, gracias por mantenerse siempre cerca y ser una ola de felicidad día con día. A mis asesores: Al Doctor Mariano Navarro: Doctor, gracias por ser la pieza clave para la realización de este trabajo, con su ayuda logré un trabajo digno de orgullo, le agradezco todo su compromiso, conocimiento y optimismo, siempre le estaré agradecida. A la Maestra Claudia Romero: Mi Clau, muchas gracias por ayudarme a iniciar este proyecto, cada una de tus aportaciones, tu conocimiento, tus fascinantes clases y más que nada por tu amistad. Te deseo lo mejor hoy y siempre. 5 Al Doctor Iñigo Fernández: Doctor, gracias por todo, por el camino recorrido durante la carrera, por esos maravillosos conocimientos compartidos, por las espectaculares clases y por aquellos inolvidables exámenes de 5 minutos. Su participación en este trabajo siempre significó mucho para mí y sin su sabiduría y aportaciones este trabajo no sería el mismo. Muchas gracias hoy y siempre. A la Maestra María del Carmen Camacho: Maestra, muchas gracias por ser un gran apoyo para la realización de mi tesis, le agradezco todas sus aportaciones, el conocimiento impartido en todas sus clases y el apoyo para mi intercambio, una de las mejores decisiones que he hecho en mi vida. Al Doctor Fernando Huerta: Doctor, muchas gracias por su apoyo para la realización del presente trabajo, sus aportaciones fueron muy valiosas tanto para mí como para el correcto desarrollo de esta tesis, este trabajo no sería posible sin usted. Siempre le estaré muy agradecida por todos los conocimientos compartidos durante y después de la carrera. A mi familia: Gracias a todas las maravillosas personas que forman parte de mi familia, los amo y les agradezco todo el apoyo, amor y conocimiento compartido. Für meine Freundinen: Lijl Tasevska und Melanie Vollert, BA, danke für eure Freundschaft, eure Zeit und unterstützung, danke für alles. Ich liebe euch! A mis amigas: Alessandra Tornelli, Mónica Pagaza, Lyan Sánchez y Marycarmen Zavala muchas gracias por su incondicional amistad, su apoyo en el camino ha sido de gran valor para mí. ¡Las quiero! Daniela Gutiérrez, Luz Enríquez (Dude), Melissa Martínez, Valeria Bárcena y Vanessa Sánchez, gracias por ser esas amigas que me llevo de la universidad. Cada clase, chiste, tiempo compartido y trabajo en equipo queda en mi memoria. ¡Las quiero mucho! 6 Introducción El 30 de abril de 2011 aproximadamente el 85% de portadas en todos los periódicos del mundo tenían una misma nota que contar: el Príncipe William y Kate Middleton se habían convertido en los Duques de Cambridge en la llamada “Boda del Siglo”, celebrada el 29 de abril de 2011 con más de 2.000 millones de televidentes alrededor del mundo, 72 millones de visitas en el sitio YouTube para verla en directo y más 100 millones de visitas en el mismo día. La presente tesis inicia con la curiosidad acerca de conocer cómo y por qué las noticias de los Duques aparecían constantemente en diversos medios de comunicación para también conocer cómo se diferenciaban las notas dependiendo del lugar y medio que cubría el evento además de cómo el efecto Duques de Cambridge había llegado a México. Asimismo se deseaba conocer el nivel de reputación y qué tipo de imagen han generado alrededor del mundo investigando cómo ésta ha cambiado a lo largo del tiempo. Estas peculiaridades se cristalizan en las siguientes preguntas: 1. ¿Cuál es la historia de los Duques y sus respectivas familias? ¿Esta historia tiene que ver con los niveles de fama y aceptación con las que actualmente cuentan? ¿Cómo se ha construido la historia familiar de los Middleton contando con que hasta el anuncio de la relación Kate con William no se trataba de una familia prominente ni documentada en su historia? 2. ¿Con qué nivel de atención contaba Kate antes de casarse con el Príncipe William y qué aspectos hicieron que su fama se elevara incluso más que la del Príncipe y otras personas de la familia Real británica? 3. ¿Cuántos medios y cómo cubrieron la boda de los Duques de Cambridge y qué efecto tuvo en la sociedad británica e internacional? 4. ¿Cuáles han sido los principales acontecimientos que se han cubierto acerca de los Duques con mayor énfasis y cuál ha sido el papel de ambos en cada uno? 5. ¿El “efecto Kate” es real o es una forma de atracción creada por los medios? ¿Se ha dado este mismo efecto con su primogénito, el Príncipe George? 7 6. ¿Cuáles han sido las polémicas acerca de Kate y cómo es su relación con la Reina Isabel II? 7. ¿Cómo es Kate constantemente comparada con Lady Diana? ¿Qué aspectos suelen ser comparados? 8. ¿Cómo ayudará la teoría del Agenda – Setting a analizar y comprender este caso? 9. ¿La imagen y reputación de los Duques se ha visto beneficiada de la forma en que los medios, principalmente británicos e ingleses, cubren sus noticias? ¿Los atributos que los Duques suelen recibir a qué suelen referirse, son en su mayoría positivos, negativos o están equilibrados? Para contestar a estas preguntas la siguiente tesis se dividirá en dos partes. La primera de ellas reunirá todos los datos biográficos acerca de los Duques, en el primer capítulo se conocerá la historia de las familias Windsor y Middleton así como la biografía de los Duques de forma individual. En lo que concierne al Duque William se expondrá su nacimiento y primeros años, la historia acerca de sus padres, Lady Diana y el Príncipe Carlos, su hermano, el Príncipe Harry y la segunda esposa de su padre, la Duquesa Camila de Cornualles. Por parte de la familia Middleton, conoceremos el nacimiento y primeros años de la Duquesa Catherine, la unión y matrimonio de sus padres Michael y Carole además una pequeña biografía acerca de sus hermanos Pippa y James Middleton. En el segundo capítulo se conocerá toda la historia de los Duques de Cambridge como pareja, se expondrá el inicio de su relación en la Universidad de St.
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