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CHESTERFIELDS are wrapped in cigarette paper of the highest purity. ♦FROM THE REPORT OF A WEIL-KNOWN RESEARCH ORGANIZATION CHESTERFIELD contains only ingredients that give you t^e Best Poss/He Smok&'— AS TESTED AND APPROVED BY SCIENTISTS FROM LEADING UNIVERSITIES Copyright 1952, LIGGETT & MYERS TOBACCO CO FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL published monthly by THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION SEPTEMBER 1952 Volume 29, Number 9 CONTENTS page 19 EVOLUTION OF AMERICAN DIPLOMACY THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE by William McG. Harlow ASSOCIATION Honorary President 23 LOYALTY, REFLECTIONS OF AN FSO by Maxwell Hamilton DEAN ACHESON, Secretary of State Honorary Vice-Presidents 25 SHOESTRING HOLIDAY by Camille Ferrin THE UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE THE ASSISTANT SECRETARIES OF STATE THE COUNSELOR 30 THIRTY YEARS FOR UNCLE TOM by Edward J. Norton JOHN F. SIMMONS, President WALTER THURSTON, Vice-President 42 YOUR FOREIGN SERVICE CLUB BARBARA P. CHALMERS, Executive Secretary board of directors HERVE J. L’HEUREUX, Chairman departments HOMER M. BYINGTON, JR., Vice-Chairman PHILIP H. BURRIS ROGERS B. HORCAN 5 LETTERS TO THE EDITORS V. LANSING COLLINS, JR., Secretary-Treasurer Alternates 12 THE BOOKSHELF—Francis C. deWolf, Review Editor STEPHEN WmsHir Harold B. Hinton R. R. Hackford Nathaniel P. Davis WALTER N. WALMSLEY, JR. EDWARD T. WAILES 15 TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO by James B. Stewart FLORENCE H. FINNE, Assistant Secretary-Treasurer journal editorial board 17 MARRIAGES AVERY F. PETERSON, Chairman JOHN K. EMMERSON 28 EDITORS’ COLUMN J. GRAHAM PARSONS Where Is Our Library? LOUIS J. HALLE, JR. RAY THURSTON Freedom of the Seas CHARLES F. KNOX, JR. JOAN DAVID, Managing Editor 29 NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT GEORGE BUTLER, Business Manager SUE EILBACHER, Circulation Manager 36 NEWS FROM THE FIELD Story of the Month by Margaret Shaffer The AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION is an unofficial and voluntary association of the members, 35 IN MEMORIAM active and retired, of The Foreign Service of the United States and the Department of State. The As¬ 46 RETIREMENTS AND RESIGNATIONS sociation was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among members of the Foreign Service and to establish a center around which might be 52 BIRTHS grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. The FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL is not official and 64 FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES material appearing herein represents only personal opinions, and is not intended in any way to indicate the official views of the Department of State or of the Foreign Service as a whole. The Editors will consider all articles submitted. If accepted, the author will be paid a minimum of one cent a word on publication. Photographs ac¬ companying articles will, if accepted, be purchased at one dollar each. Five dollars is paid for cover pictures. Reports from the Field, although not paid for, are eligible for each month’s $15 Story-of-the- Month Contest. COVER PICTURE: Changing the guard at Buckingham Copyright, 1952, by the American Foreign Service Palace. Photo by Philip H. Burris. Association. Issued monthly at the rate of $4.00 a year, 40 cents a copy, by the American Foreign Service Association. 1908 G Street, N. W., Washington. D. C. Entered as second-class matter at- the Post Office in Washington. D. C., under the Act of March 3, 1879. Printed in U.S.A. by Monumental Printing Com¬ pany, Baltimore. Uniform Quality Everywhere (c)THE COCA-COLA EXPORT CORP- 4 FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Pseudonyms may be used only if your letter includes your correct name and address. ON RETIREMENT « Washington, D. C. August 4, 1952 To the Editors, FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL: The problems of retirement and annuities, which are the subjects of Richard Boyce’s letter in the August issue of the JOURNAL, directly affect our personal interests and desires. Hence our ability to be objective about them is put to a severe test. Yet, if we are to succeed in reducing the seri¬ ousness of these problems, we must deal with them as a part FEDERAL STORAGE of a much broader national problem. Retired officers are in the same position as all persons with fixed incomes. They suffer from greatly decreased purchasing power during periods of inflation and rising costs of living. COMPANY My comment is not that of a disinterested spectator. I am hard pressed financially, just as most of us probably are at present. Large and continuing increases in the cost of living, Every Modern Facility for the Safe Handling plus heavy taxes, cut deeply into what 1 can do, and even and Care of Household Treasures more deeply into what I would like to do. They make it necessary for me to supplement retired pay, at least until Private Rooms for Furniture the item of education no longer figures in the family budget. Certified Cold Storage Vaults for Furs Remedial action, I am sure, must be of a kind that will be Rug Cleaning and Storage regarded as fair and practicable by public opinon and by a Porto-lockers and Chests for Woolens majority in the Congress. Legislation that might meet this Vaults for Silverware test could be centered upon two of the points mentioned by Mr. Boyce: an automatic adjustment of annuities to the cost Piano and Art Sections of living index; and the fixing of annuities of all retired Fumigation Chambers officers on the basis prescribed in the Foreign Service Act Home Inspection and Insurance Service of 1946, so as to eliminate discrimination due to the date Packing and Forwarding of retirement. 1 hese two major improvements would go Nation-wide Long Distance Moving far toward reducing our problem to manageable proportions. (Allied Van Lines) Lift Vans for Foreign Shipments They probably are the most that we reasonably can hope for (Bowling Green) at the present time. Motor Vans for Local Moving The American Foreign Service Association and its official organ, the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, can and should work for the attainment of these improvements. There are obvious 1701 Florida Avenue limitations upon their action. The Association is a voluntary and unofficial organization, but its active members are offi¬ Washington 9, D. C. cials of the United States Government. They are in a dis¬ ciplined service of the Department of State. We must work Telephone ADams 5600 in and with the Department. We can do so through our Cable BOWLINGVAN Board of Directors, the Journal Editorial Board, and the individual efforts of our responsible senior officers. The E. K. MORRIS, President; H. RANDOLPH BARBEE, First Vice-President; JAMES M. JOHNSTON, Vice-President and question of annuities is a complex one of policy which Treasurer; FREDERIC N. TOWERS, Vice-President and must be worked out by the Department, the Bureau of the Counsel; P. M. DEMING, Vice-President; G. E. McNEIL, Budget, and the Congress. Jr., Secretary; S. WEBSTER ADAMS, Assistant Vice-Presi¬ In matters of national policy, the Association is not in¬ dent; DONALD W. TOLSON, Assistant Secretary; A. RUSSELL BARBEE, Cashier; RAYMOND O. BABB, General JOURNAL dependent nor does the enjoy freedom in the same Superintendent. sense as does the public press. We all take an oath of office. National policies are fixed by the Executive and Directors E. K. MORRIS. Chairman Legislative branches of the Government. Up to the time that BRUCE BAIRD JAMES M. JOHNSTON a policy decision is taken, it is desirable and proper for the H. RANDOLPH BARBEE G. E. McNEIL, JR. Association and the JOURNAL to present views and recom¬ DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN mendations about matters that affect the interests of the M. F. CALNAN DONALD F. ROBERTS P. M. DEMING FREDERIC N. TOWERS Foreign Service and members of the Association. It is im¬ HENRY P. ERWIN C. G. WARFIELD possible, however, for the Association and JOURNAL to D. P. GAILLARD ROBERT W. WILSON publicly oppose established policies of the Government or the announced decisions of the Department of State. These are not arbitrary limitations. They are inherent in (Continued on page 7) SEPTEMBER, 1952 5 \ \ NOW AT PRICE OF REGULAR FIFTH! Now you can enjoy the famous Old Forester bonded bourbon that millions prefer —in this sparkling decanter — and not pay a penny more than for the regular fifth! Each decanter packed in attractive carton.