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Fusarium in Egypt with Dichotomous Keys for Identification of Species

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Fusarium in Egypt with Dichotomous Keys for Identification of Species Mady A. Ismail, Sobhy I. I. Abdel-Hafez Nemmat A. Hussein, Nivien A. Abdel-Hameed CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE GENUS FUSARIUM IN EGYPT WITH DICHOTOMOUS KEYS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES TMKARPIŃSKI PUBLISHER Contributions to the genus Fusarium in Egypt with dichotomous keys for identification of species Mady A. Ismail Sobhy I. I. Abdel-Hafez Nemmat A. Hussein Nivien A. Abdel-Hameed TMKARPIŃSKI PUBLISHER Suchy Las, Poland 2015 Prof. Mady A. Ismail ([email protected]) Prof. Sobhy I. I. Abdel-Hafez Dr. Nemmat A. Hussein Dr. Nivien A. Abdel-Hameed Department of Botany and Microbiology Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt Copyright: © The Authors 2015. Licensee: Tomasz M. Karpiński. This is an open access monography licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. First Edition ISBN 978-83-935724-4-1 Publisher Tomasz M. Karpiński ul. Szkółkarska 88B, 62-002 Suchy Las, Poland e-mail: [email protected] www.books.tmkarpinski.com www.tmkarpinski.com 2 Contents INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................... 6 AIM OF THE WORK.................................................................................................................... 10 FUSARIUM SPECIES IN EGYPT ................................................................................................. 11 Fusarium species in soil of Egypt .................................................................................................................... 11 Monthly fluctuations of Fusarium in soil of Egypt .......................................................................................... 12 Airborne Fusarium in Egypt ............................................................................................................................ 13 Rhizosphere and rhizoplane Fusarium............................................................................................................ 15 Grain/Seed-borne Fusarium species............................................................................................................... 17 METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................................................... 20 1. Identification of Fusarium species .............................................................................................................. 20 2. Media used for identification of Fusarium species ..................................................................................... 20 2. 1. Potato sucrose agar (PSA).................................................................................................................... 20 2. 2. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) ................................................................................................................. 20 2. 3. Carnation – leaf agar (CLA) .................................................................................................................. 20 3. Single spore isolation ................................................................................................................................. 22 4. Examination of isolates .............................................................................................................................. 24 4. 1. Growth rate ........................................................................................................................................ 24 4. 2. Assessment of colony characters ......................................................................................................... 24 4. 3. Light microscopic examination and photography ................................................................................. 24 4. 4. Scanning electron microscopic examination and photography ............................................................. 24 5. Physiological studies .................................................................................................................................. 26 5. 1. Growth on 25% glycerol nitrate agar medium (G25N) .......................................................................... 26 5. 2. Growth on ammonium salts agar medium (Mannitol medium) ............................................................ 26 5. 3. Growth on Czapek iprodione dichloran agar (CZID) .............................................................................. 26 5. 4. Growth on Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar (DCPA) ............................................................... 27 5. 5. Growth on tannin – sucrose medium ................................................................................................... 27 5. 6. Acid production on creatine-sucrose agar ............................................................................................ 27 5. 7. Acetylmethylcarbinol production (Voges-Proskauer test) ..................................................................... 28 5. 8. Urease activity .................................................................................................................................... 28 5. 9. Peroxidase activity .............................................................................................................................. 28 5. 10. Phosphatase activity.......................................................................................................................... 29 5. 11. Pyrocatechol oxidase activity ............................................................................................................. 29 3 TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF FUSARIUM SPECIES ................................................................... 30 DICHOTOMOUS KEYS FOR SECTIONS, SPECIES WITHIN EACH SECTION AND FOR ALL SPECIES TREATED ..........................................................................................................................36 I. Identification keys of sections and species of the genus Fusarium treated in the present investigation ..... 36 I.1. Key for the sections of the genus Fusarium based on macro- and microscopic characteristics ................ 36 I.2. Keys for the species within each section based on macro- and microscopic and physiological characteristics................................................................................................................................................... 37 2.2. Key for the studied species of the genus Fusarium based on macro- and microscopic characteristics ... .... 44 SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS ........................................................................................................... 48 1. Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everhart 1895 .............................................................................................. 48 Donnell 1998 ...................................................................................... 49 ۥFusarium acutatum Nirenberg & O .2 3. Fusarium anthophilum (A. Braun) Wollenweber 1917 ................................................................................ 51 4. Fusarium avenaceum (Fries) Saccardo 1886 ............................................................................................... 52 5. Fusarium camptoceras Wollenweber & Reinking 1925 emend. Marasas & Logrieco 1998 ......................... 54 6. Fusarium chlamydosporum Wollenweber & Reinking 1935 ........................................................................ 56 7. Fusarium concolor Reinking 1934 ............................................................................................................... 58 8. Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Smith) Saccardo 1895 ....................................................................................... 59 9. Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Saccardo 1886 ................................................................................................... 61 10. Fusarium fusarioides (Fragoso & Ciferri) Booth 1971 ................................................................................ 63 11. Fusarium graminearum Schwabe 1838 .................................................................................................... 64 12. Fusarium heterosporum Nees ex Fries 1818 ............................................................................................. 66 13. Fusarium lateritium Nees 1817 ................................................................................................................. 67 14. Fusarium longipes Wollenweber & Reinking 1925 .................................................................................... 69 15. Fusarium nisikadoi T. Aoki & Nirenberg 1997 ........................................................................................... 71 16. Fusarium nygamai Burgess & Trimboli 1986............................................................................................. 72 17. Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl 1824 emend. Snyder & Hansen 1940 ............................................. 74 18. Fusarium poae (Peck) Wollenweber 1913 ................................................................................................ 76 19. Fusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg 1976 .............................................................................. 78 4 Donnell &Mubatanhema 1998 ........................................
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