Dr. Nishina and Advancement of Particle Accelerators and Their
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Development of an Electron Gun for the Kek Positron Generator
Particle Accelerators, 1990, Vol. 27, pp. 145-149 © 1990 Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers, Inc. Reprints available directly from the publisher Printed in the United States of America Photocopying permitted by license only DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRON GUN FOR THE KEK POSITRON GENERATOR HIDEKI IWATA, YUJIRO OOAWA*, SATOSIll OHSAWA*, HITOSHI KOBAYASHI*, MITUHIRO YOKOTA*, SHIGEKI FUKUDA* and AKIRA ASAMI* Ishikawajima-harima Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. * National Laboratory for High Energy Physics(KEK) 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305 Japan Abstract In the KEK Positron Generator, a semi-long pulsed beam (-40ns) has turned out to be suitable for effective positron injection into the PF storage ring. However, to use the semi-long pulsed beam, there was a problem concerning the cathode lifetime of the gun. Thus, a new gun has been developed with a dispenser cathode, Y-796(EIMAC); the characteristics of this gun have been investigated. This new gun has been used since October 1988 and has continued to produce constant current of about 12 A without having to exchange its cathode. Thus, the cathode lifetime has been remarkably improved. INTRODUCTION Positrons had so far been utilized only in the e+-e- colliding experiments of TRISTAN, which began in November 1986. Since 1988, however, it had started to use positrons also in the Photon Factory storage ring. It had been confinned that a positron beam with a width of -40 ns was suitable for the PF ring to reduce the injection time. t ,2,3 However, to use this semi-long pulsed beam, there was a problem regarding the cathode lifetime of the old gun, the cathode of which was an oxide-coated type.4 Therefore, a new gun with a dispenser cathode, Y-796(EIMAC), has been developed to achieve a long lifetime of the cathode and to obtain a larger anode current. -
Participants
PARTICIPANTS Abbott, Richard [email protected] California Institute of Technology Aldach, Jackie [email protected] Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Allen, Christopher [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory Allison, Stephanie [email protected] Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Allison, Trent [email protected] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Anicic, Damir [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Armstrong, Dennis [email protected] Isaac Newton Group Bacher, Reinhard [email protected] DESY Backman, Raymond H. [email protected] Mega Industries, L.L.C. Baek, Sulhee [email protected] Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Baer, Ralph C. [email protected] GSI Darmstadt Bartlett, J. Frederick [email protected] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Bec, Matthieu [email protected] Gemini Observatory Bernstein, Dorel [email protected] Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Bevins, Brian [email protected] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Bickley, Matthew [email protected] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Biocca, Alan [email protected] Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Birke, Thomas [email protected] Los Alamos National Laboratory PARTICIPANTS 8th International Conference on Accelerator & Large Experimental Physics Control Systems Bjorklund, Eric [email protected] Spallation Neutron Source Blumer, Thomas [email protected] Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Bolkhovityanov, Dmitry [email protected] Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics Bolshakov, Timofei [email protected] Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Bookwalter, Valerie [email protected] Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Boriskin, Victor [email protected] Kharkov Institute Physics & Technology Bork, Rolf [email protected] California Institute of Technology Brazier, John [email protected] Brazier Systems & Consultants Ltd. -
FROM KEK-PS to J-PARC Yoshishige Yamazaki, J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Japan
FROM KEK-PS TO J-PARC Yoshishige Yamazaki, J-PARC, KEK & JAEA, Japan Abstract target are located in series. Every 3 s or so, depending The user experiments at J-PARC have just started. upon the usage of the main ring (MR), the beam is JPARC, which stands for Japan Proton Accelerator extracted from the RCS to be injected to the MR. Here, it Research Complex, comprises a 400-MeV linac (at is ramped up to 30 GeV at present and slowly extracted to present: 180 MeV, being upgraded), a 3-GeV rapid- Hadron Experimental Hall, where the kaon-production cycling synchrotron (RCS), and a 50-GeV main ring target is located. The experiments using the kaons are (MR) synchrotron, which is now in operation at 30 GeV. conducted there. Sometimes, it is fast extracted to The RCS will provide the muon-production target and the produce the neutrinos, which are sent to the Super spallation-neutron-production target with a beam power Kamiokande detector, which is located 295-km west of of 1 MW (at present: 120 kW) at a repetition rate of 25 the J-PARC site. In the future, we are conceiving the Hz. The muons and neutrons thus generated will be used possibility of constructing a test facility for an in materials science, life science, and others, including accelerator-driven nuclear waste transmutation system, industrial applications. The beams that are fast extracted which was shifted to Phase II. We are trying every effort from the MR generate neutrinos to be sent to the Super to get funding for this facility. -
Prize Winners
Prize Winners (as of May 2013) Nobel Laureate Introduction Year Awarded Name Affiliation 1987 Hans Heinrich Rohrer Visiting Professor, Institute for Materials Research; Honorary Doctor 1999 Ahmed H. Zewail University Professor; Honorary Doctor 2002 Koichi Tanaka School of Engineering; Honorary Doctor 2007 Peter Grünberg University Professor; Visiting Professor, Institute for Materials Research; Honorary Doctor 2011 Daniel Shechtman University Professor Recipients of the Japan’s Order of Culture / The Persons of Cultural Merit Award Japan’s Order of Culture honors significant contributions to the advancement or improvement of science, technology, the arts, or culture. The conferment ceremony is held yearly on November 3rd (Culture Day) at the Imperial Palace, the Matsu-no-Ma State Room, and is awarded by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. The Person of Cultural Merit Award is the second highest cultural honor in Japan (the highest being the Order of Culture) and is awarded to individuals who have made particularly notable achievements related to the development or refinement of culture. Order of Persons of Order of Persons of Culture Cultural Merit Name Affiliation Culture Cultural Merit Name Affiliation (Year Awarded) Award (Year Awarded) Award Research Institute for Iron, 2002 2002 Koichi Tanaka School of Engineering; 1937 1951 Kotaro Honda Steel and other Metals Honorary Doctor 1944 1951 Kinjiro Okabe Faculty of Engineering 2007 1999 Koji Nakanishi Faculty of Science Visiting Professor, Faculty of Arts 1946 ― Kingo Miyabe College of -
Design Study of a Superconducting Insertion Quadrupole Magnet for the Large Hadron Collider
EUROPEAN ORGANIZATION FOR NUCLEAR RESEARCH European Laboratory for Particle Physics Large Hadron Collider Project LHC Project Report 75 DESIGN STUDY OF A SUPERCONDUCTING INSERTION QUADRUPOLE MAGNET FOR THE LARGE HADRON COLLIDER G. Kirby, R. Ostojic, and T. M. Taylor A. Yamamoto*, K. Tsuchiya*, N. Higashi*, T. Nakamoto*, T. Ogitsu*, N. Ohuchi*, T. Shintomi*, and A. Terashima* Abstract The conceptual design study of a high gradient superconducting insertion quadrupole magnet has been carried out in collaboration between KEK and CERN for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to be built at CERN. A model magnet design has been optimized to provide a nominal design field gradient of 240 T/m with a bore aperture of 70 mm and an operational field gradient of 225 T/m at 1.9 K under radiation environment with a beam energy deposit of several watts per meter in the superconducting coils. The design and its optimization process are discussed. LHC Division *National Laboratory for High Energy Physics (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan ASC Pittsburg ‘96 Administrative Secretariat LHC Division CERN CH - 1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland Geneva, 12 November 1996 Design Study of a Superconducting Insertion Quadrupole Magnet for The Large Hadron Collider A. Yamamoto, K. Tsuchiya, N. Higashi, T. Nakamoto T. Ogitsu, N. Ohuchi, T. Shintomi, and A. Terashima National Laboratory [or High Energy Physics (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305, Japan G. Kirby*, R. Ostojic, and T. M. Taylor European Laboratory for Particle Physics (CERN), 23 Geneva, CH-1211, Switzerland Abstract---The conceptual design study of a 111. MODEL MAGNET DESIGN high gradient superconducting insertion quadrupole magnet has been carried out i n A. -
Development of Pulsed Neutron Sources パルス中性子源の開発
23/12/2020 Development of Pulsed Neutron Sources パルス中性子源の開発 Yoshiaki Kiyanagi 鬼柳善明 Nagoya University 名古屋大学工学研究科 1 History of Pulsed Neutron Sources （Change of plans from 1990） ESS SNS J-PARC (2022?) (2006) (2008) (1982) (1985) IPNS(1981) KENS(1980) 136MeV 1971 1959 300MeV 45MeV Hokkaido 1973 45MeV 2 Accelerator-driven Neutron Sources before KENS established in 1980 (Electron Acc.) （Except for nuclear data measurements） Hokkaido University The Gaerttner Linear Accelerator Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) Harwell Linac Linac at Laboratory of Nuclear Science at （opposite present ISIS) Tohoku University (LNS) （Present: Research Center for Electron Photon Science） 3 National Laboratory for High Energy Physics: KEK （Now, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization） Booster Synchrotron Utilization Facility KENS：KEK Neutron Source （KEK中性子源) Green area Proton therapy Muon https://www2.kek.jp/openhouse/1996/image/BSF/BSF7.gif 4 Coupling of Target-Moderator- Reflector research Late Prof. Watanabe performed experiments using a RI neutron source. スパレーション・パルス中性子源KENSとそれによる中性子散乱 渡邊昇、佐々木寛、石川義和 日本原子力学会誌 Vol. 23, No. 6 (1981) 389-398 5 Development of a Methane Cold Moderator at Hokkaido University Cylindrical shape Neutron Energy Spectra Spectra Energy Neutron moderator with a re-entrant hole Neutron Energy (eV) K. Inoue, N. Otomo, H. Iwasa and Y. Kiyanagi, J. Nuclear Science and Technology, Vol.11, No.5, pp.228-229, (1974) 6 KENS Neutron source Cold source Co-existence Thermal source The first cold neutron source set at a dedicated neutron scattering experimental facility. （There was an opinion a cold source was not necessary for neutron sources based on accelerators） A wise decision by Professors Watanabe and Ishikawa 渡邊昇, 石川義和: 物理学会誌, 39, 826 (1984). -
Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature By
Eyes of the Heart: Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature By Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy in Japanese Literature in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in Charge: Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair Professor Alan Tansman Professor Beate Fricke Summer 2018 © 2018 Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe All Rights Reserved Abstract Eyes of the Heart: Illustration and the Visual Imagination in Modern Japanese Literature by Pedro Thiago Ramos Bassoe Doctor of Philosophy in Japanese Literature University of California, Berkeley Professor Daniel O’Neill, Chair My dissertation investigates the role of images in shaping literary production in Japan from the 1880’s to the 1930’s as writers negotiated shifting relationships of text and image in the literary and visual arts. Throughout the Edo period (1603-1868), works of fiction were liberally illustrated with woodblock printed images, which, especially towards the mid-19th century, had become an essential component of most popular literature in Japan. With the opening of Japan’s borders in the Meiji period (1868-1912), writers who had grown up reading illustrated fiction were exposed to foreign works of literature that largely eschewed the use of illustration as a medium for storytelling, in turn leading them to reevaluate the role of image in their own literary tradition. As authors endeavored to produce a purely text-based form of fiction, modeled in part on the European novel, they began to reject the inclusion of images in their own work. -
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Research Institute of Japan’S Largest Accelerator Science That Unravels the Mysteries of Universe, Matter and Life
Inter-University Research Institute Corporation High Energy Accelerator Research Organization Research institute of Japan’s largest accelerator science that unravels the mysteries of universe, matter and life Director General Masanori Yamauchi Particle accelerator has played extremely important roles in progress of our understanding of nature, since its history started in 1930’s. It has provided essential methodology to study nuclei, elementary particles, condensed matter and even life sciences. Also, role of particle accelerators is really outstanding in their industrial and medical applications. There is no doubt that progress of par- ticle accelerators has substantially contributed to the modern science. Technologies of particle accelerators are still advancing rapidly, and drive frontier of science and applied research. KEK has established its credit as one of the leading accelerator laboratories in the world, and is making substantial contributions to the basic sciences in the various fields. It serves as one of the inter-university research organizations to offer opportunities of fron- tier research to scientists and students in the Japanese universities, and contributes to progress of scientific research in Japan. More than 20,000 scientists visit KEK every year from abroad to carry out research program extensively at the accelerator facilities here. This provides extraordinary opportunity especially to young scientists to compete with each other internationally. Accomplishments of those international collaborations include: confirmation of Kobayashi-Maskawa theory, discoveries of many exotic compound par- ticles and clarification of neutrino oscillation. Remarkable achievements have been obtained in material and life science as well, such as structure determination of novel superconductors and protein-drug complexes, and studies of novel properties induced by hydro- gen atoms, spins and electrons in condensed matter. -
Report of the Transition Crossing Mini-Workshop May 20-23,1996, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory FERMILAB-TM-1979 Report of the Transition Crossing Mini-Workshop May 20-23,1996, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Philip Martin and Weiren Chou Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory P.O. Box 500, Batavia, Illinois 60510 AUG 2 7 July 1996 Operated by Universities Research Association Inc. under Contract No. DE-AC02-76CHO3000 with the United States Department of Energy ISSTKBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNUMF1B) Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. DISCLAIMER Portions of this document may be illegible in electronic image products. Images are produced from the best available original document. Report of The Transition Crossing Mini-Workshop May 20-23, 1996, Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA Philip Martin and Weiren Chou The Mini-Workshop on Transition Crossing was held from May 20 to 23, 1996, at Fermilab. This was the first in a series of mini-workshops on high intensity, high brightness hadron beams. -
JAPANESE HISTORY Paul Clark, Ph.D
HUMANITIES INSTITUTE JAPANESE HISTORY Paul Clark, Ph.D Course Description: This course offers an introduction to the history of Japan from pre-history to the present. We will trace the history of Japan in several different epochs. First, we will investigate how Japanese civilization emerged and how early governments were constituted. Second, we will consider the Yamato Clan and the Nara and Heian periods. Third, we will study the rise of the period dominated by warriors, the first shōgunate and the feudal era. Fourth, we will consider how and why the bakufu (tent government--shōgunate) lost its vitality in the late 18th century and why it was unable to deal with the international crisis which led to its demise. We will discuss the irony of how a military coup d’état, initiated by samurai, led to the dissolution of a samurai-based society and to the construction of the modern Japanese state. Along the way we will study how democracy in the Meiji, Taishō and Shōwa eras failed and led to the militarism of the Pacific War. Fifth, we will discern whether or not the American occupation of Japan led to substantive changes within Japanese culture, economics and government. Finally, we will discuss Japan today. In particular, we will examine modern Japanese society, the government and the enduring problem of the economic recession. About the Professor The course was prepared by Paul Clark, Ph.D. who is an East Asia area specialist and Associate Professor of History at West Texas A&M University. Dr. Clark is the author of The Kokugo Revolution: Education, Identity and Language Policy in Imperial Japan (2009) and is the recipient of a 2006 Fulbright-Hays Faculty Research Abroad Fellowship. -
The Early History of the Niels Bohr Institute
CHAPTER 4.1 Birthplace of a new physics - the early history of the Niels Bohr Institute Peter Robertson* Abstract SCI.DAN.M. The foundation in 1921 of the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen was to prove an important event in the I birth of modern physics. From its modest beginnings as • ONE a small three-storey building and a handful of physicists, HUNDRED the Institute underwent a rapid expansion over the fol lowing years. Under Bohr’s leadership, the Institute provided the principal centre for the emergence of quan YEARS tum mechanics and a new understanding of Nature at OF the atomic level. Over sixty physicists from 17 countries THE came to collaborate with the Danish physicists at the In BOHR stitute during its first decade. The Bohr Institute was the ATOM: first truly international centre in physics and, indeed, one of the first in any area of science. The Institute pro PROCEEDINGS vided a striking demonstration of the value of interna tional cooperation in science and it inspired the later development of similar centres elsewhere in Europe and FROM the United States. In this article I will discuss the origins and early development of the Institute and examine the A CONFERENCE reasons why it became such an important centre in the development of modern physics. Keywords: Niels Bohr Institute; development of quan tum mechanics; international cooperation in science. * School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic. 3010, Australia. Email: [email protected]. 481 PETER ROBERTSON SCI.DAN.M. I 1. Planning and construction of the Institute In 1916 Niels Bohr returned home to Copenhagen over four years since his first visit to Cambridge, England, and two years after a second visit to Manchester, working in the group led by Ernest Ru therford. -
Otto Stern Annalen 4.11.11
(To be published by Annalen der Physik in December 2011) Otto Stern (1888-1969): The founding father of experimental atomic physics J. Peter Toennies,1 Horst Schmidt-Böcking,2 Bretislav Friedrich,3 Julian C.A. Lower2 1Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Göttingen 2Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe Universität Frankfurt Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt 3Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin Keywords History of Science, Atomic Physics, Quantum Physics, Stern- Gerlach experiment, molecular beams, space quantization, magnetic dipole moments of nucleons, diffraction of matter waves, Nobel Prizes, University of Zurich, University of Frankfurt, University of Rostock, University of Hamburg, Carnegie Institute. We review the work and life of Otto Stern who developed the molecular beam technique and with its aid laid the foundations of experimental atomic physics. Among the key results of his research are: the experimental test of the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of molecular velocities (1920), experimental demonstration of space quantization of angular momentum (1922), diffraction of matter waves comprised of atoms and molecules by crystals (1931) and the determination of the magnetic dipole moments of the proton and deuteron (1933). 1 Introduction Short lists of the pioneers of quantum mechanics featured in textbooks and historical accounts alike typically include the names of Max Planck, Albert Einstein, Arnold Sommerfeld, Niels Bohr, Max von Laue, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schrödinger, Paul Dirac, Max Born, and Wolfgang Pauli on the theory side, and of Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, Ernest Rutherford, Arthur Compton, and James Franck on the experimental side. However, the records in the Archive of the Nobel Foundation as well as scientific correspondence, oral-history accounts and scientometric evidence suggest that at least one more name should be added to the list: that of the “experimenting theorist” Otto Stern.