Railways and County Carlow Compiled by William Ellis

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- . Editor Tomas MacGabhann Address From The Chair ..... 2 Printed by The Nationalist & Leinster Times ~ I.S.S.N. 0790-0813 The Village Schoolmaster (Conwill, J.) ...... 3

Kilcumney Commemoration Houl' yer tongue! (1948) ...... 8

ONSERVATION and preservation are much in the fore­ Ballynolan Races ...... 9 front of people's minds: doubtless induced by the cutting down of the rain-forests, oil spillages, pollution of rivers, C lakes and the seas. The green-house effect caused by the "Swans" Poem ...... 10 ozone layer has promulgated a large degree of mention. Indeed Mikhail Gorbachev addressing world leaders told them that he Clonagoose Cross ...... 11 did not come to convert them to socialism, but to get all to work together, through conservation, for the benefit of man and the Carlow Irish National ecology. Edmund Burke proclaimed that a state without some League ...... 12 means of change is without the means of its conservation. Ni neart go cur le cheile: we must work as one. Museum Report ...... 15 This adherence to conservation and preservation applies not only to things physical of the earth: it includes our heritage in An Lamh In U achtar general and our tongue in particular. Much play has been made of (Filiocht) ...... 15 "compulsory Irish", and many scoff at the use of our native language: and quite often refer to it as a dead language. Yet Carlow Miscellany ...... 16 statistics tell us that it is used and understood by one million people. It is in daily use by a much smaller number. Fe sgath a Penal Mass Stone (Tullow) .. 17 cheile a mhaireann na daoine - people live in the protection of one another: and this despite "a segment of narrow-minded xenophobic anglophile fanatics". There is an abundance of Railways & County knowledge of Irish despite the fact that many resent (both in Carlow ...... 18 theory and in class) its teaching. The utility of Irish as a historic bond, a cultural patrimony, an ethnic and intellectual means of Marley Memorial enrichment is a vitalising and salutary influence. Shelley, to the (Richard Newmann) ...... 20 West Wind - "Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh hear". Making of a Model ...... 21 It is necessary that our tongue should be preserved but should also be prized and encouraged. No language should be dispensed Working in Oak Park ...... 23 with on this earth, where genocide and ecological destruction threaten the fabric and significance of our inherited human Then And Now ...... 24 values and experience. In an old Gaelic poem "Cill Cais" we have the regret at the 17th Century Leases despoliation of forests. "Cad a dheanamid feasta gan adhmaid ta (Carlow) ...... 25 deire na gcoillte ar lar". A heart-rending picture of cut-down, laid-waste timberland. This applies equally to a native tongue. Secretary's Report ...... 28 Sam Johnson supplies the end-piece. "I am always sorry when any language is lost, because languages are the pedigree of Officers and Members ...... 30 nations". The Jewish people revived a dead language. We surely can re-vitalise an ailing one. "Grainne Mhilis Mhaoil do chaill a teanga fein ach ta si go trean ar a th uairisc". Grainne Waile has We acknowledge with grateful thanks lost her tongue, but is pursuing it eagerly. May she succeed! Go the efforts of our contributors written n-eiri adh lei. and photographic and sponsors. In especial we thank The Nationalist & Leinster Times for access to its files and Eagarth6ir, 1989 allowing helpful extracts.

Cover photograph: Chapel, interior, Borris House, 17 /811948. Photograph @ The Father Browne, S. J. Collection, supplied by Father E. E. O'Donnell, S.J. (Gonzaga College, Dublin) author of Father Browne's Ireland published by Wolfhound Press, November, 1989.

1 From the Chair By Veronica Crombie

HE Old Carlow Society, with us always we tend to take legendary Scott of the Antaratic. now in its 43rd year, is them for granted, unintentional­ He has been proclaimed "The still faithful and loyal to ly overlooking the potential of patron saint of conservation", the cause for which it these two great amenities. A not only for his work in the T river is the life-blood of any Green Movement, but also for was founded - to preserve a permanent record of life in town. Two rivers are something his campaigns to preserve wild Carlow in the past. special. We look forward to the life, notably the tiger and polar day when the banks of these bear. We are an old society with a rivers will be landscaped, when David Bellamy, the botanist very modern outlook. History the river beds will be dredged, and commentator, deserves our and archaeology are not buried and these two beautiful rivers sincerest thanks for his deep in the past, but rather they form will be developed to their fullest interest in the preservation of a solid foundation on which our potential. the Irish bogs. future must be built and In this year of conservation it building a very bright future is is a matter of great joy to us that what Carlow is working on right Old gaol and the curvilinear glasshouse in the now. Bridewell Lane Botanic Gardens in Glasnevin, Amongst the outstanding is at last being restored to its achievements during the past At this point we must former beauty. This gem oflrish year is Entente Florale which congratulate R. N. Gillespie Ltd. Engineering was designed and has placed us firmly in the centre on their new development in the largely constructed by Richard of the European map. C.K.R. town. In this development they Turner, the Dublin iron-master. broadcasting station has not are incorporating a fine example During the summer of this only put us on the air, but has of our historic past, by retaining year, it was my great privilege to placed Carlow in the forefront of a portion of the old gaol, as well visit Kew Gardens in London, National achievements. In the as part of Bridewell Lane. We and rejoice in the restoration of Tidy Towns Competition thank them for inviting the Old the Palm House there. This also Rathvilly 1st, Ardattin 2nd and Carlow Society for discussion belongs to the curvilinear range, Carlow town holding a proud and assistance in this designed by Richard Turner, as place in the section for larger development. does the Palm House in Belfast towns. Carlow Chamber of The Green Belt in Carlow has Botanic Gardens which has also Commerce deserve special been sadly neglected. Let us been restored. I look forward to mention and a special thanks for hope that this will be remedied the day when I shall visit the their diligence and hard work in and we will see well-planned completely restored Glasshouse promoting Carlow at every walks, and lines of badly needed in the Botanic Gardens, possible opportunity. trees, planted in this year of Glasnevin. Eigse apart from encouraging conservation. In conclusion may I wish each bilingualism in all of us, has This year saw the passing and every member of the Old given a bias and enthusiasm to away of one of the world's Carlow Society at home and Gaelic culture comparable to greatest conservationists, Sir overseas a Christmas filled with any Gaeltacht. Peter Scott. He was a son of the joy and gladness. To all these organisations we say congratulations and sincerest thanks. Carlow town has many advantages over most towns of a similar size. It is right in the centre of some of the best agricultural land in Ireland. It is in close proximity to the capital city with its educational and industrial propensities, while still remaining pleasantly rural. One of the greatest assets of any town is the river on which most towns were founded. Carlow has the unique distinction of having not one but two rivers, one of which flows almost through the centre of the town and the other - the Barrow -is the second largest river in Ireland. Because they have been Signpost of bygone days at Fenagh, Co. Carlow. Photo: w. Ellis. 2 ''The Village Schoolmaster'' John Conwill (1802 - 1880) By Myles Kavanagh

N May, 1832 the Rev. P. Kehoe, P.P., made the initial application to the I Chief Secretary of Edu­ cation in Dublin Castle for permission to build a National School in Ballinabranna, Co. Carlow. Several other communi­ cations took place between Fr. Kehoe and the Chief Secretary until the school in Ballinabranna was opened in the Autumn of 1833. Fr. Kehoe then succeeded in establiihing a Female National School in Ballina­ branna and it was opened on the 27th April, 1835. The site for the first National School in Ballinabranna was in a corner of half an acre of land attached to the Chapel of Ballinabranna and the landlord, Mr. Johm Alexanier, had given this free of all rent. The chapel ground had been vested in the The Old National School, Ballinabranna (demolished, following trustees: Right Rev. September, 1985). Photo: Myles Kavanagh .. Dr. Doyle, deceased; Rev. A. spelling, reading and arithmetic son of an excellent teacher and Coss, deceased; Pat Kehoe, tablets; 12 doz. oflesson books in has been teaching for the last Craan; Garret Cullen, Andrew parts viz. 3 doz. of each part; 10 eleven years. The Master has Slavin, Ballinabranna; Pat Neil, been promised twenty pounds - Ballinabranna. doz. of slates 9" x 6"; 6 arithmetic; 18 class lists; 5 sets of this sum is expected to be derived Two thirds of the cost of copy lines; 500 cutters; 3 reams of principally from the payments building the school, £81-6-8, was ruled copy paper. of the children". provided by the Commissioners The average attendance for John Conwill was born in 1802 of National Education and the the first three months was 100 to Edward and Catherine remaining third, £40-13-4, was males and 30 females. Further Conwill of Rathornan and contributed by the people who examples of attendances: received his education in his also gave their labour and that 29/4/1836 - 148. 28/10/1836 - father's hedge school in of their horses without charge. 175.1837-142.1837-175.1838 Rathornan. In Brenan's book The school was built of lime - 178. 1838 - 196. 1840 - 236. "Schools of Kildare and and stone and the roof was 1841- 261. Leighlin" (1775 - 1835) the slated. The dimensions were 40 following is recorded ft. by 20 ft. and 11 ft. clear of the Lancasterean "Ballyknockin, Leighlinbridge. floor in height. The room John Conwill, Roman Catholic. contained 10 desks and seats to system Pay School Income £18. accommodate 100 children. The Schoolhouse of lime and stone; source for the annual income The school was under a he pays £2-10-0 a year for it. was to be the weekly committee: Treasurer, Pat Average attendance: Summer contributions of the children Kehoe, Craan, and Secretary 1824 - males 30, females 20. which was expected to amount to Rev. P. Kehoe, Leighlinbridge. Established Church 4, Roman about £14. The first teacher in this school Catholics 46. Not connected with Saturday was set apart for was John Conwill and he was any society. Scriptures not religious instruction and appointed by Rev. P. Kehoe. In read". children were not compelled to one of his letters to the The next official record to be attend. Religious instruction Commissioners of National found is from the certificate was from 9.00 a.m. to 10.00 a.m. Education Fr. Kehoe stated this forwarded to the Commissioners each other week day. The school about John Conwill - "About of National Education by Rev. P. day ended at 4.00 p.m. five years ago he was trained in Kehoe- Aid towards paying the the Bagenalstown School which Master his salary and towards was conducted on the Lan­ Copy of Certificate the following requisites was also casterean System. I enclose you "I certify that Mr. John Conwill sought from the Commissioners a copy of a certificate of the has been trained at the efNational Education - 1 Set of teacher of said school. He is the Bagenalstown Parochial school 3 in the system recommended by the Kildare Street Society for providing the education of the poor of Ireland and I consider him fully compedent to conduct a school upon the principles founded by the above Society". Bagenalstown School. September 28th, 1829. Michael Brophy. In the Autumn of 1833 John Conwill was appointed teacher to the first National School in Ballinabranna, Co. Carlow. During his time as principal teacher in Ballinabranna from 1833 to the 30th September, 1847 his reputation as a teacher grew and as can be seen from the examples of pupil attendances given already, numbers increased dramatically and pupils travelled from outside the area to receive their education Old National School and Teacher's Residence, from John Conwill. Leighlinbridge. Photo: Myles Kavanagh. Sergt. Tyndall ofLeighlinbridge diagrams in the gravel, dirt, mud Craan. Owen then lived in sent his son John and his or snow. This was happening Craan but all his eight children daughter Emma to Ballina­ almost daily during the years were christened in Tinryland. branna to continue their 1837 - 1839. It is not generally Kathleen Carty, age 80 years, of education under Master Conwill. known whether they were St. Lazerians House, Bagenals­ The Sergeant was as loyal a considered idiots or maniacs or if town is a grandaughter of Owen. subject to the British Govern­ Emma was forced to wait as The witnesses at the wedding ment of his time as any other master and pupil made their were Jas. Darcy and Peggy member of the Police Force, had halting way homeward through Crow. a reason in sending his children Ballygowan, Tomard and John taught in Ballinabranna from Leighlinbridge to Ballina­ Rathornan. until the end of September, 1847 branna each schoolday; the and during tht time while living reason is explained in the Pension of in Rathornan, his father died on following - the Protestant the 6th July 1836 aged 64 years, clergyman became suspicious, £50 a year Mary his wife gave birth to 3 when he learned that two of his children - Catherine 27th flock were attending a Catholic Professor Tyndall never forget December, 1840; Mary 7th school, so, he sought out the the debt he owed to John Conwill October, 1844 and Edward 11th Sergeant and asked him the and kept up correspondence with October, 1846. reason, to which the Sergeant him while he lived, he sent him a In 1841 John Tyndall was replied "There is not a teacher in copy of each of his books as soon working with the Ordinance County Carlow, more qualified as it was published, and took a Survey in Y oughal and Kinsale to teach my children than wrap on the knuckles with a and the following are just a Master Conwill, and it is to him good grace when the dominie couple of examples of Conwill's John and Emma will go even if it disagreed with his views. He correspondence with him. is from the altar he teaches". also showed his gratitude in a This John Tyndall went on to practical manner by giving him "In youth my scholar, and in be the great Professor Tyndall, a pension of £50 a year. age my friend, Scientist, Mathematician, Conwill was a man of parts. "Our love, dear Tyndall, but Educationalist and Mountaineer An able mathematician, he with life shall end; of whom much has been written. taught the rudiments of algebra, "Tho' sever'd now by Tyndall states that Master the elements of plane and solid intervening space, Conwill was an expert in geometry, trigonometry and "Our souls and wishes join in Geometry and that he would conic sections. He gave practical sweet embrace." teach Land Surveying and lessons on surveying and would Geometric Calculus to the boys send the boys out two at a time to Ballinabrauna, M.N.S. of the higher classes. measure intricate places. On the January 18th, 1841. Master and pupil would walk return of a first pair, two others "My dear Tyndall" home together discussing would be despatched to the same I possess an unbounded Geometry. Both of them had the place and the results of both sets predilection for mottoes, and ability to visualise lines in compared. therefore I have selected one, different planes, without On the 22nd January, 1840 which in my humble judgment, diagrams or sketches but when John Conwill was married to conveys in the fullest terms my they got around to the problem Mary Carty of Craan. Mary was good wishes toward you; though questions and cuts that they had the sister of Owen Carty from some of the Munster sentence invented for themselves, they Park, Tinryland, who had makers might have the audacity were wont to draw their purchased an 83 acre farm in to construe this motto into an 4 effeminate harangue made by some unfortunate paramour to the fair portion of his fondest wishes, but I shall leave you to maintain the contrary. For the manly exposure of Hennessy's ingratitude and lying conduct, I do sincerely thank you. It is what I anticipated from the pen of him whom I shall ever revere. Beautiful sheet of snow The other evening when Sol had nearly completed his course o'er heaven's blue arch, I was crossing Frenchhorn-hill. It was covered with a beautiful sheet of snow, which was rendered delicately white by the declining Ruins of Conwill Home in Rathornan. rays of the sun as he was sinking Photo: Myles Kavanagh. in the west: Here, said I in my soliloquy, Tyndall and I "The Villager" And weak as water pen down delineated some mathemetical Happy the man who far from rules diagrams when all nature wore strife He wisely has the truest wealth its mantle of grey. Well, when I In shades paternal leads his Possessing competence and exclaimed in my enthusiastic life health. - - reveries, I must commemorate Stranger to ills that fortune the scenes of other days, so I brings, commenced on my favourite spot From bed at early twilight June 27th, 1841. to draw out geometrical schemes springs and eventually discovered the Before the cock salutes the "My dear Tyndall" following beautiful theorems, morn When I read your poetical which as an addenda to my Or hunters sound the echoing effusion I felt at a loss for a topic apostles I sent you; horn on which I might compose some In the trapezium ABCD, if Ere thro' the canvas shuttles lines in verse, till the present L DABx L DCB-2 L rts, to prove play state of our ever-to-be-distracted the L ABC L ADB, within the Or lark salutes the rising day and ill-fated country presented limits of the 1st B of Euclid, and By health and vigour taught to itself to my views. Alas! I said, without introducing the toil are the natives of old Erin to be property of the circle. To drive the team or turn the eternally pitted against each Having established the soil other by the crafty wiles and preceding theorem, you can by Or by his task yon towering cunning tricks of those political means of it and one of my oak knaves, who are enjoying the geometrical apostles, demon­ Bows its tall head beneath his loaves and fishes, whilst the strate proposition B, Prop C, and stroke peasantry are labouring under Prop D of the VI B, of Euclid And thus employed with the most heart-felt privations in within the limits of his 1st book. double force many parts of the Island. I shall I have nothing of a local Time urges on his rapid course never broach this subject again, I character to inform you of save a Till sol has lost his mighty as I hold in abhorrence all melancholy accident that lately power notions of politics. The reason befell myself. Of gilding o'er the cloud top'd that compelled me to mention I was reposing the other night, tower t;: the subject in this letter is, that whilst my thoughts were Then without guide he you may understand the motives wandering about Y oughal in measures o'er which induced me to compose a pursuit of my Tyndall; Mary my The path so often trod before few paltry lines on the contented wife, told me to begone: I was By fire or candle light made villager. obliged to fly, though I am not an gay aliped my wonder at such He sits and chats the night I am a very bad poet and were conduct ceased not during the away it not that there was something night; in the morning what news Like Joseph faithful to his of magic in your splendid lines, I did I receive? I was told that trust would not presume to write one Mary had given birth to a young Honest himself thinks all men word in meter; I deem myself no daughter, she is named just adept in prose, much less in Catharine. From bribes and fell rhyme. Pardon any thing I request that you may not corruption free incongruous in the poetical raise your sarcastic pen to lash No gold charms him to infamy prelude to my letter. me for my inconsistency, ifl have Tho' boys well versed in erred it is through love of you. lettered lore I informed you in my last letter I remain Despise the rustic and the poor that Ford and Whealan were Your sincere teacher Say blessings may be found in determined to be present in John Conwill. schools Professor Murphy's school 5 whenever the pubic examination should take place. The examination has passed over and my boys were spectators. But observe, Murphy thought to keep Ford out. The Revd. Mr. Murphy, who is my friend, linked Ford to the Professor's desk and suggested to the doctor not to presume to preclude any person from appearing in a school instituted by the public and the government. Sheehan went through his usual routine of business; so much so that he pronounced the whole clique a set of dan-dra­ heads. And why not? read the following- Sheehan asked the grammar class was the following sentence correct English: "I intended to have come last week" The lads proved to be very idiots on the Tyndall plaque on Old National School, Ballinabranna occasion and surely so they Photo: Myles Kavanagh. ought, for their learned and N.S.: 1-2-1856, Catherine had nobly offered him plumbean professor insinuated Conwill; 1-4-1867, Bridget assistance. He was a thorough to them when they failed that Conwill. Male N .S.: Edward schoolmaster, full of quotations conjunctions connect the same Conwill 1869 - 1877; John which he delivered mouthily, moods and tenses of verbs. Now (Junior) Conwill 1-4-1868; and looked importance itself. He by what kind of insertion Patrick Conwill 1-4-1870. reminded me very much of Murphy could introduce a On St. Patrick's Day 1862 at Goldsmith's Village School­ conjunction into the sentence I the age of 88 years John's master. leave you to judge. I must now mother died and was buried with From folklore too, come stories wish you farewell for some time. her husband in the graveyard in relating to Conwill e.g. when Your ever faithful teacher Ballinabranna. John Tyndall was at the height John Conwill. of his fame he revisited his old school. The teacher asked him to On the 1st October, 1847 John 150 little question the class. He proceeded Conwill had moved to urchins to do so, and presented a half Leighlinbridge Boys N.S. and sovereign to each boy who was presided over Michael Holmes, a, On 8th July, 1854 Tom Hurst familiar when Pythagoras' paid Monitor and John Lawlor. describes in his diaries, after he Theorem. It was no surprise to The school building in had visited the home of John discover that one of the boys to Leighlinbridge was first built in Tyndall in Leighlinbridge his receive this unexpected wealth 1729, repaired in 1863 and the visit with John Conwill as was a son of Tyndall's former gallery erected in 1875. The follows - "I set off to find this teacher John Conwill. dimensions were: (1) length 55 old schoolmaster. I crossed over Another story relates to the ft., breadth 18 ft., height 18 ft. (2) the old bridge guarded by the old Lyons children ofMoanduff who length 20 ft., breadth 18 ft. castle and traversed the village attended Conwill's school in height 7 ft. 8 ins. now almost in ruins, until at last Leighlinbridge between 1848 The building was opened as a a little girl led me to the village and 1853. One of the boys had school in 1826 and then in 1833 school. I entered to the gone off to join the army and one as a National School. astonishment of 150 little day the Master was speaking From 184 7 until he retired in urchins who stared open­ this verse to the class - 1877 John Conwill taught in mouthed at me; and at the far "My son John to the war is Leighlinbridge N .S. John and end of the room I met the little gone, Mary still lived in Rathornan man - a cadaverous-looking, In the ranks of death you will and they had seven more thin-faced man, with a felt hat find him". children. Bridget 7th January, on and a green shade over his Lyon's brother still in class 1849; Ellen 30th July, 1850 (died left eye. 'I am a friend of Mr. took exception to this verse and young); John 9th April, 1852; Tyndall's' said I, 'and having retorted- Ellen 10th February, 1854; learned that his old schoolmaster "Conwill John with one eye Patrick 29th July 1855; was here, I came to look at him'. gone, Margaret 19th January, 1858; The little man was mightily Under a green patch you will James 23rd April 1861. pleased with what he pleased to find it". · All the children went to school call my condescension: asked The register in Leighlinbridge in Leighlinbridge either to their my name, which he repeated to N.S. shows that pupils come father's school or to the Female himself several times as if to quite a distance to attend N .S. and at sometime may have imprint it on his memory. He Conwill's school. In the years taught there as well. A selective spoke of John with great pride, 1848 - 1855 pupils from Tomard, research in this area shows the and told me how once when he Ballinabranna, Clochristic, following as teaching: Female was in poor circumstances John· Garryhundon, Nurney, Cloneen, 6 Fonthill, Augha, Dunleckney, Bagenalstown, Royal Oak, Shankill, Tinegarney, Cool­ cullen and Old Leighlin attended the school in Leighlinbridge. In the Examiners Book of 1876 and 1877 in Leighlinbridge N .S. it is interesting to note that the examining was carried out by District Inspector A. Conwell. The following is a sample of Conwill's salary during his teaching years. ~ii.-~ 0~ 1824 Ballyknockin Pay School ...... £18 " , , _ Covn,·,U,.s 1835 Ballinabranna N.S .... £12 HoU.Se 1840 Ballinabranna N.S .... £20 1847 Ballinabranna N.S .... £20 1848 Leighlinbridge N.S .... £25 1853 Leighlinbridge N.S .... £36 1856 Leighlinbridge N.S .... £46 1869 Leighlinbridge N.S .... £52 1876 Leighlinbridge N.S .... £52

The National Education Board graded all its teachers according to the reports it ,...... received from its inspectors, who examined the pupils in the ~ schools twice a year. John --­ Conwill despised all these inspectors and this is made quite in 1877 after spending 56 years gifted son John in Ballina­ clear in a number of his letters to of his life teaching. He died on branna and Leighlinbridge from John Tyndall. Yet, all the 23rd June, 1880 at the age of 1832 to 1877. Conwill's teaching inspectors' reports on Conwill 78 years and he is buried in the continued in Rathornan until are excellent. The Board graded family grave in Ballinabranna. the close of the 19th Century. teachers as follows: Class 1 His wife Mary died the 31st May, Grade 1, Grade, 2, Grade 3, i.e. 11 , 1900 age 80 years and is also Famous Conwill l2, l3. Class 2, Grade 1, Grade 2, buried in the family grave in pupils Grade 3, i.e. 21, 22, 23. Class 3, Ballinabranna. Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, i.e. 31 , Conwill' s teaching in Leighlin Some distinguished and 32, 33. John Conwill received the Parish began with Edward in famous Conwill pupils. highest grading 11 . his home at Rathornan in the Professor John Tyndall (1820- John Conwill retired from second half of 18 century and teaching in Leighlinbridge N.S. reached its peak with Edward's • Cnntinued page 8

Edward Conwill & Catherine (Rathornan)

John Conwill & Mary Carty (Rathornan) Died 1880 Died 1900 I I ( I I I I I Mary Ellen John Pat Margaret Catherine I Edward Bridget I James Ellen B.1840 B.1844 B.1846 B.1849 B.1850 B.1852 B.1854 B.1855 B.1858 81861 D.1865 D.1875 D.1906 Died Young D.1875 America I Edward & Margaret Kelly (Rathornan) I I JohnI MaryI LauranceI Edward Elizalth Kate James Judith B.1882 B.1883 B.1884 B. 1887 B.1888 B.1889 B.1893 D.1925 America America D.1967 America America (Ballina kill) I (Ballina kill) ' Laurance & Winifred Watters (Ballinakill Co. Laois) Died 1963 Died 1971

Margaret B.1925 Died Young 7 Kilcumney Commemoration, 1948

Photo courtesy Mr. Larry Byrne, Bahana, St. Mullins.

Seskinamadra In the northwest of Seskinamadra are the The Village Schoolmaster ruins of Templemolasha, the local people' say (1839) "that St. Molaise commenced to • Continued from page 7 Dr. William Delaney S.J. build his church here but never finished it, because one of the locals had promised him 1893) attended school in (1835-1920), twice President of a leg of mutton but instead brought him the Ballinabranna. University College, Dublin, leg of a goat. The saint then prayed that the Myles Kehoe (1840-1876) attended school in Leighlin­ sheep in this townsland might never thrive bridge. there, and moved to Killoughternane. It's Captain in the 7th U.S. Cavalry said that if a sheep is kept after it's two and slain at the Battle Of The Professor Robert Donovan years old it will decline away and that this Little Big Horn, attended school held the chair of English has happened since the saint cursed the in Leighlinbridge. Literature in U.C.D. and was place". Cardinal Patrick Francis first Editor of the "Irish Extract from the Ordinance survey field Letters, 1839. Moran (1830-1911). First Catholic," attended school in Leighlinbridge. Noteworthy Anniversary Cardinal of Australia, attended At a meeting of the Carlow Gaelic Atheltic school in Ballinabranna. Club on Tuesday, June 18, 1889, the subject Bishop Patrick Foley (1850- Sources: of the "Croppy Hole" and its "neglected and 1926), Kildare and Leighlin, National Archives, Four Courts, Dublin 7. discreditable state, exposed to desecration Martin Nevin, Leighlinbridge. of every kind" was discussed. It was attended school in Leighlin­ Rev. Fr. J. Aughney, P.P., Leighlin. resolved to co-operate with Carlow-Graigue bridge. School of Kildare and Leighlin, Brenan. Gaelic Club in raising funds to enclose the Mrs. Margaret Doyle, N.T., Carlow. Fr. John Foley (Bishop's Mrs. Anne Larkin, Leighlinbridge N.S. ground and erect a suitable memorial. brother) and former President of Alan and Angela Doran, Leighlinbridge. On Sunday, November 24, 1889 a meeting Andy O'Keefe, Leighlinbridge. was held in The Hall, Henry Street, Graigue St. Patrick's College, attended Tom Hurst - Diaries. at which Fr. Daniel Byrne, P.P. Carlow­ school in Leighlinbridge. Rev. Fr. M. Kelly, P.P., Ballinakill, Graigue presided. Dr. Michael Maher, S.J. (1860- Co. Laois. After the meeting the gathering left the 1918), Psychologist and Mr. Christy O'Shea, Ballinakill, Co. Laois. hall and marched to the Fair Green and Mr. Jim Kehoe, Rathvindon. formed a circle around the ground to be Royal Institution of London. Philosopher, attended school in enclosed where Father Byrne turned the Leighlinbridge. Mrs. Pender, Craan, Leighlinbridge. first sod to inaugurate the undertaking. 8 6~ .~~~,~~-;~:;fq~}i;i ·;~. "Ballynolan . ,'ff,!f i if'k' r Cc;fil(!'. ~tt:r.;;, , . 'lt<. , flc'iLh .. t~~~-<:~·4.._"-----1.·-..,,,,~}r 'Jl\~fi~1/' 1, 'f111J ((~;_~,-- :f!IJ,· ·' i\r~,1 Races vov, 'P fi,.11,/ r1 '\ ~ -._.,~ 'l' ~ ' ,,Ji ,,1 -:,'\ \:; :; ~\ rJ ;{//! i i j \, ~. _,a1_JJJJi----/YL ~ By Martin Nevin

allynolan to-day is Fife and Drum Band which could With the gay foxy lassies, from known only among the be relied on to render lively tunes sweet Bagenalstown locals as a townsland at the intervals between events. There were thimble men, tricks B adjoining the village of And like all great occasions, men and card men galore, Leighlinbridge with access by Ballynolan Races did not escape The likes of such rogues, sure we way of the Old Leighlin Road. the pen of the rhymer. ne'er saw before But might I quickly add that over The races of Ballynolan, we all There are many verses. 100 years ago, it was a household came to see name among the racing frater­ The crowd numbered many, the Johnny Cummins of Cool- nity of the neighbouring counties. admission was free nakisha rode a horse by the A day at Ballynolan was 'a day The boys from Rathellen, to-day name of Tinker, owned by at the races' as it became known; will come down Michael Foley of Old Leighlin in an event not to be missed in the racing calendar and which had a business stir comparable with the 'Fair Day' held four times Flat and Steeplechases yearly in the village of Leighlin­ bridge; an event which enabled this townsland to take its place in the world of horse and pony Ballynolan Course racing. Monday, 26th November, 1888 That the Flat and Steeplechase races held over the Ballynolan Stewards - P. Lyons, E. every inch under fourteen hands; course were an annual success Hughes, E. Cullen, J. Shiel, E. ponies fourteen hands to carry was due mainly to the organising Nolan, M. Butler, T. Dowling, M. 11 st. committee. Figuring prominently Jeffers, J. Cummins, Dr. Phillips, THIRD RACE on that committee were Michael Wm. Prandy, J. McDonald, P. B. Stewards Plate £4. 19s.; two Foley of Old Leighlin and John Kehoe, John Kehoe, Thomas miles steeplechase; an open race; Cummins of Coolnakisha, well Fenlon, Samuel Ward, T. Tenant, every horse to carry 11 st.; any known breeders, judges of the T.B. Moore, M. Foley. horse trained in a public training stock in question and participants Judge - Arthur McClintock. stable 141b. extra. at the Ballybar Races. Starter - William Edge. The fields were owned by FOURTH RACE Michael Foley, they were large FIRST RACE Ballyknockan Plate of £4. 19s.; and annexing road, of pleasant The Leighlin Plate, £4. 19s. A two mile steeplechase; weight topography which facilitated Flat Race; one and a half miles; for age, with penalties and perfect viewing from all positions open to residents in the County allowances. and they also provided ample Carlow. Weight for age - four parking facilities for the years old, 11 st.; five, 12st.; six FIFTH RACE transport of the day, a wooden and aged, 12st. 41bs.; winner of Old Leighlin Plate £4. 19s. stand provided comfortable £20, 1Olbs. extra; winner of £21 Steeplechases for horses the viewing for all who could afford and over excluded. Horses property of the residents of ls. 6d. entered to be sold for £100 County Carlow. Weight for age The event always attracted a allowed 71b.; £50, 141b.; £25, 21 lb. - winner of £20, 1Olb. extra; large number of entries. The Horses must be in owner's winner of £21 or over, excluded. Great Southern Railway Co. possession one month previous The winner to be sold for £75. assisted by offering reduced price to races. Horses entered to be sold for £50 tickets to Bagenalstown and allowed 141b.; for £25, 21 lb. gave free transportation home SECOND RACE Entries close finally on for the horses on the production The District Plate of £4. 19s., Thursday 22nd instant, with the of a certificate from the Secretary for Ponies fourteen hands and Hon. Secs. Messrs. Foley and of the Course. under; one a half miles Cullen. The meetings at the turn of the steeplechase; 7 lb. allowed for Entries for each event Ss. century were enhanced by the presence of the St. Lazerian's 9 Swans Pat Jones Swans come in PAIRS When young, that awful grey Thence to maturity mit gleaming WHITE To sail in regal splendour Cutting traces Through Barrow's waters Seeking, Their old nesting place And SPACE, Conducive to CONJUGAL BLISS Yet space apart To spare them from marauding THUGS Bearing slings and arrows Leading to MISFORTUNE When EGGS are laid And HATCHED! Johnny Cummins, Coolnakisha shown mounted outside the building which stabled the celebrated horse 'Carlow'. Swans came A pair In eighty-nine 1889 At Ballynolan. He was a and decided 15 minutes before To make a family fearless horseman and was advertised time of starting, as Of nine, always among the winning none could be entertained after Mit cygnets seven jockeys at the famous Ballybar the winner had weighed in, In grand parade Races. The virility of Johnny except in the case of foul riding, On their Heavenly Barrow. who at the age of 73, rode or horse or pony not going the One wonders "Mullewa" into fourth place of proper course. Of these cygnets the County Stake at Gowran All objections had to be put in Seven Park races in 1933, again proves writing and the objector had to How many will bid, the truth of the axiom 'as young deposit 10/- and hand same over Godspeed as you feel'. to the Sec., which could be. Too soon departing All fixtures were run under the forfeited, if in the opinion of the To Cygnet Heaven. rules of the Irish Racing Stewards, the objection proves Association. frivolous. These cygnets seven Find, The Committee reserved to The Judge's decision in all An interim Heaven themselves the power to alter or cases was final and there could Taking siesta cancel any race; or to abandon be no appeal to a Court of Law In piggy-back the meeting in case of insufficient under any circumstances, and Astride cob's back support, or to postpone the same those were the conditions only Mit umbrella in the case of bad weather, or to under which entries were of cob's wing-feathers put back the first race 30 minutes. received. While Carlow Jockeys had to wear proper Ballynolan Races discontinued Celebrates racing costume and colours, for some reason about 1904. Its Eigse Festival. which had to be declared at time However, it was not the end for Two days later of entry, and any jockey racing in the Leighlingbridge There were appearing in colours except area. A new 'turf was found. Five, those declared was fined 10/-, 1906 witnessed the start of horse Alive. which had to be paid at the scales· and pony racing over the School before starting. Park course on the Rathellen Two weeks later Objections had to be lodged Road, just outside the village. These cygnets seven were reduced To four And thence To two, Leighlinbridge Races A pair Yet not HE forthcoming race meeting to be held at Leighlinbridge A pair, T on Easter Monday is at present engaging the attention "Sensu Stricto" of an energetic committee who are taking all the necessary But cygnets of, steps to ensure that those who attend will have a good day's A pair sport provided. We understand the meeting has met with Moving gracefully much popular approval and that the entries are likely to be On Barrow's waters large. Held, as the meeting will be, in the centre of a populous On the most August and sport loving district there is every reason why it should Of August's Days be favoured with a large measure of success. Poem-Swans-to be published in the 1st March 24, 1906. American Edition of book titled, "Self­ seeking, Self-searching and other Poems.

10 A newly discovered Cross at Clonagoose By Jim Higgins

N Clonagoose Cemetery Both of the motifs mentioned near Borris, Co. Carlow, above have a long ancestry. Five lying loose against the wall crosses occur on many Irish Early I of the grave-yard is a small Christian slabs including granite cross which was recently funerary monuments and more found by Mr. Tommy Clarke and rarely altar frontals. Five crosses Mr. William Ellis, and which are also found on altar mens as of they kindly brought to the all periods both in the form of attention of the Sites and portable and fixed examples in Monuments Office. It may churches. originally have been a grave­ marker but it is not clear whether Dating cross it was originally set in a base or very difficult socket stone or directly into the ground. One of the main faces is The Cross of Christ accom­ carved in false relief, and the. panied by that of the two thieves fact that it is decorated on one is also commonly found in all face only suggests it was a media from Early Christian grave-stone intended to be "read" times. In stone sculpture it is from one side only. It was not usually found on both slabs and therefore set in a socket as a pillar stones. Both funerary termon or dedicatory cross for monuments and altar frontals of instance which would have been Early Christian date bear the intended to be viewed from more motif and the theme is common than one side. The stone is 44.3 . in figure sculpture as early as the ems .. high and 30.5 ems wide at Early Christian period down to maximum. the Medieval and post Medieval period where it is found mainly on tomb fronts, grave slabs and Free standing other stone sculptures. (See Latin cross Higgins 1987, 123-4 for a discussion of the motif). The form of the initials which The item is a free-standing are executed in false relief and granite Latin cross, carved from serifs of the capital letters would a large block oflocal stone. It has tend to suggest a late date for this short stubby arms and a slightly cross: without these the stone rounded top. The shape of the top would probably seem earlier. of the stone is, however, due to Dating such simple plain crosses weathering. The cross is thick is very difficult. Completely plain and has a sturdy shaft and base examples devoid of ornaments and could have either been set can equally well be Early directly in the ground, or just as making the configurations on Christian or 19th/early 20th likely in a cross base or socket. century in date. Examples of The cruciform shape was the arms, in particular, difficult to read. What appears as the completely plain crosses of early achieved simply by cutting away date can be found on Skellig the four corners of granite block. initials T.D. therefore seems unclear. Michael, Co. Kerry - differ little Though the stone is now heavily from the numerous examples covered in moss and lichen some found in grave-yards in the traces of tool marks can be seen; Crosses of Christ Milltown and Dunmore areas of these were probably made by a and Two Thieves Co. Galway. In each case the large point. The surface of the context and associations which cross bears two smaller, almost The initial Tis relatively clear these sites present are the factors equal armed, crosslets which if irregular in shape and the which tend to date the stones to have been left in relief. These configurations on the arms of the Early Christian and late crosses occur on the upper and the cross appear therefore to be 19th/early 20th centuries lower shaft and on the ams what initials. The motif represented, respectively. appear to be the initials T.D. therefore, is the Crosses of Christ occur carved also in false relief, and the Two Thieves. Both have References: as the stone is somewhat marked serifs of a type common Higgins,J.G.(1987)TheEarlyChristianCross Slabs Pillar Stones and Related weathered and parts of its surface in post-medieval lettering of the Monuments of Co. Galway, Ireland. B.A.R are obscured by lichen and moss, 16th-17th centuries. International Series. Oxford 1987. 11 The Carlow Agricultural Community and the Irish National League 1883 -1884 By R. P. Murphy

CCORDING to the 1881 window: a second class was a the fourth class houses or one census, in so far as it re­ good farmhouse with five to nine roomed, mud-walled cottages fers to the agricultural rooms and windows. Any house existed in the towns. Sanitary A population of Carlow, that was better than this was reasons alone would have this seems to have been fairly described as being first class. precluded them. These were all evenly split between the grazier This classification is complicted rural dwellings and in fact there farmers and the agricultural when accommodation is were 401 listed. Consideration of labourers, there having been included. First class accom­ these figures gives some idea of 3143 of the former to 3325 of the modation exists when a first the need for urgent action in the latter who are also referred to as class house is being occupied by alleviation of the conditions cottagers, although if the census one family. Second class under which the poorest of the is to be relied on, the majority of accommodation includes having agricultural classes existed. them seem to have lived in the two or three families occupying a ~ towns. In the case of first class house, or one such Irish National Bagenalstown there were 2 family per second class house. farmers living in the town Two or three families in a second League compared with 78 labourers class house lower its level to the It is, of course, obvious that on while in Carlow there were 37 third class and as one would a national scale the only farmers to 140 labourers. expect one family occupying a organisation having control of Figures elsewhere in the same third class house is being the necessary funds for quick census give the impression that accommodated at the third class action was the government but of the 3325 labourers over 2800 level. The fourth class in the as is well known no government lived in the towns against 401 social structure includes all will ever act in such matters rural dwellers. It appears that those families living three or unless impelled to by some form the labourer had to live in the more in a third class, or four or of social unrest. In this case this towns and travel to his work, a more in a second class, or six or was to be provided by the fact which appears to have more in a first class house. A activities of the Irish Party and helped to induce the tenant good illustration of the latter that organisation which its farmers to part with portions of would have been one of the leaders had founded, the Irish their lands for the purpose of Georgian houses in Lower National League. This was the erecting labourers' cottages. One Gardiner St., Dublin in the first successor of the Land League k of the rural labourers in looking half of this century in which one which had been disbanded ,i for a labourer's cottage room often accommodated from following the so-called Kil­ H described his current accom­ six to twelve persons. mainham treaty. Branches of modation as being comprised of this were being organised in one room eight feet by nine feet The urban and most towns in Ireland and for which he had to pay one rural scene Carlow was no exception. By shilling per week, while in the April 1884 branches had been same period he earned nine One can now compare the formed in Carlow, Bagenals­ shillings. Even at this urban and rural scenes, the town, Rathvilly, Borris, I apparently low wage he was urban being represented by the Rathoe/Ballon, St. Mullins and comparatively well off as the civic districts of Bagenalstown other centres. Before considering majority of the labourers in the and Carlow. These were the only the activities of these county earned no more than districts in the county having organisations it is more seven shillings per week. populations in excess of 2000, appropriate to examine the hence the name civic districts, action that had already been Divided into which are so defined in the taken by the government. It was four classes report. The comparison well known that Parnell (1) and mentioned above is adequately other members of the Nationalist To appreciate the conditions described by the figures in the Party had been anxious to do existing in County Carlow in the Table included herewith. something for the Irish 1880's one should study the A careful study of the figures agricultural labourers. In fact by figures in the 1881 census given in the Table shows that of November the Labourers' act relating to houses and the 3325 a probable 2800 lived in had been passed. Under this Act accommodation. The report what was likely to have been those labourers who could prove divides housing into four very poor accommodation in the their need could apply to the classes. A fourth class house had towns, i.e. in overcrowded Poor Law Guardians for walls of mud or other perishable conditions in what had been accommodation. The Act material, one room with one second and third class houses. empowered the Guardians to window; a third class house had This seems all the more likely acquire land to the extent of a two to four rooms each with a when it is realised that none of half acre per person and thereon 12 to build a labourer's cottage. pointed out that if each cottage were powerless to take action in Such cottages were to be sited on was to embrace a half acre of the matter due to the absence of not more than a half an acre and land the cost would rise greatly. evidence of an insufficiency of were to have three rooms, two of It was said that in Baltinglass labourers' dwelling in the these being bedrooms, each such cottages had been costed at district. twelve feet square and eight feet £60 each. The cost in the Carlow high, floored with either tiles or area would be at least £80 each. Chairman replies boards and having windows, the Calculations were made on the to statement areasofwhich werenotto be less basis of a loan of £100 for 28 than one twelfth ofthe floor area years at 4% for 20 years at 3112% While there seems to be no of each room, each house to be and for over 40 years at 4112%. At further indication of any other provided with the necessary best the rent would be in excess representation on behalf of the sanitary facilities. The rent of of £5-12-6 per year or over 2 six labourers and therefore of these houses was supposed to shillings and 2 pence per week. any donation of sites by the defray not only the cost of This meant that unless the tenant farmers of the areas in building and the price of the land labourer paid the complete rent question an examination of the but also the interest on the loans the difference would have to be a reports of the meetings of the which would have to be raised by charge on the rates. Irish National League for the the Poor Law Guardians if the The meeting went on to period between November 1883 cost of these houses was not to be consider the question of and February 1884 shows that I an added charge on the rates. relocation of labourers from an the committees of the branches urban area to a rural one and it were considering what action was said that it would be better should be taken by their Application made to improve existing urban members. The chairman of the ,t for cottages accommodation than to build Graigue and Killeshin group, the cottages in rural areas. The Rev. Daniel Byrne, P.P., in reply With reference to this Act the Chairman (Mr. Bruen) objected to a statement that nothing had Carlow Poor Law Guardians to some remarks that had been been done by the local farmers issued notices of a meeting made to the effect that some of for their labourers, said, "That which was to take place on the his labourers were living in everything that could be done 17th November 1883. Represent­ hovels and claimed that most of had been done, that 22 1h acres ations on behalf of needy them were living comfortably and had already been given and that labourers were to be made by went on to say that while there they could not expect houses to nine or more rate-paying might be objections to farm be built in a day". He went on to persons in the poor law district labourers living in towns there say that although he had just in which applications were were distinct advantages such been re-elected as chairman he being made for cottages. These as proximity to schools, facilities would resign in three months if applications were to be made in to provide necessities for their nothing more was done on person at the above meeting. At houses, and for medical behalf of the labourers. this meeting there were only assistance. He further said that During the following week, at representations on behalf of six by being near each other they the monthly meeting of the labourers living in the areas could be of mutual assistance Carlow branch a Mr. Kelly embracing Browne's Hill, and said that Mr. Hammond (the complained that in the rural Pollerton and Old Grange. Mr. sanitary officer) was trying to districts no action had been Browne presumed that his shirk his duties by effecting a taken to ensure the erection of demesne was meant and said mass exodus to the country. labourers' cottages and that it that it was excluded by section 6 was the duty of every member to of the Act and that the Powerless to ensure that his labourer had representations had been signed take action decent living conditions. He by his tenants out of the went on to point out that in the goodness of their hearts and that Mr. Hammond interjected to adjacent Queen's County many he would have no objection to the effect that the removal of six sites had been freely given by the " their giving portions of their labourers could hardly be called farmers. From the end of farms for the erection of the a mass exodus. November to the end of February cottages. The question now The Chairman then drew up a the Labourers' Act was on the arose as to the cost of the minute, approved by the agendas of most of the meetings 1,;! erection of each cottage. It was committee, to the effect that they of the Irish National League ,1;. ll ,,'.~ Table: Showing by Classes the number of houses with one or more families and the number of families in each classification.

1st Class 2nd Class Families No. of No.of Class Of Families Total Families Class Of f1J Per Civic Total Families Families Accomo. Per Civic Total Families Per Acco mo. House Rural District Houses Per Class House Rural District Houses Class 1 450 136 586 586 586 1st 1 3767 755 4522 4522 2nd 2 5 11 16 2 56 96 152 32) 41 2nd 304) 406 3rd I!s' 3 1 3 4 12 3 9 25 34 102 l{', 4 . 2 2 4 6 9 15 8 ) 12 3rd 60 ) 70 4th ' 5 . 1 1 5 5 1 1 2 10 3rd Class 4th Class Civic Total Civic Total Rural District Houses Rural District Houses 1 2797 292 3089 3089 3089 3rd 1 395 395 395 - 395 4th 2 20 20 40 80 80 4th 2 3 - 3 6 6 13 branches and many farmers ation. It transpired that Sessions had written to the were induced to give sites for although the Guardians were government expressing support cottages. The speech of the required by the Act to issue for Lord Rossmore. The editorial chairman of the Bagenalstown notices to the landlords and spoke of the "Shameful branch, the Rev. R. Bourke, C.C. occupiers this had not been done proclamation of the Justices illustrates the interest the local as the Board thought that this who also openly avowed support farmers had in implementing was only required where the for Kavanagh and his Eviction the Act. He said "I want to say a land was being compulsorily Company and were attempting word or two regarding the acquire9. This situation was not to carry out a scheme for the new necessity of those in whose envisaged in any of the cases colonisation of Ireland". It power it is to look after the wants under consideration. The 67 further called on the National of the labourers. I am sorry to cases were made up of 11 in League to implement the action say that so far the Act has been Aries, 2 in Ballickmoyler, 11 in decided on in their national attended with little benefit to Graigue, 3 in Johnstown, 2 in convention. them, but such as it is it should Kilbride, 3 in Killerig, 2 in The following is a summary of encourage the labourers to have Ballinacarrig, 4 in Rossmore, 7 the action proposed at this a little patience, and the farmers in Shrule, 10 in Tullowbeg and convention which was attended to agitate in a lawful and 12in Tullow. The representations by representatives from all the constitutional manner to assist were based on insufficiency of branches. The address from the in improving the conditions of local labourers' accommodation chair (Mr. P. O'Hanlon) went as the labourers. Our programme as well as alleged insanitary follows. "On their action and embraces the amelioration of the conditions. It transpired that the decision that day depended • tenants and labourers. If the Guardians had no replies from whether they progressed fully on farmer were kind to the labourer the local landlords or occupiers the course they had taken. The he would reap the advantages. It as they had sent out no notices to landlords, no doubt, encouraged 't is no use to say that the labourer them. One of their problems due by the apathy of the people had is dissatisfied no matter what is to this lack of communication become even more oppressive, done for him. Show them that was that they were unable to set scarcely meeting any opposition. they are not slaves or inferior. a value for the land in question. They had shown their animus in Educate them and give them a their declaration of sympathy decent way oflife and ofrearing Saw no reason with Lord Rossmore and were families. If they are allowed to to give land determined to crush the people emigrate labour will become with the iron heel of coercion (a dearer every day. If he has no Dr. Mac Cabe reported the reference to the Coercion Laws good place to lie down and rest it results of this investigation to which had given the government will be impossible for him to rise the Local Government Board Draconian powers during the full of strength and energy . . . which recommended that 43 of land agitation). Kavanagh had Unfortunately many who have the 67 houses be proceeded with started his Eviction Company signed the representations for the remaining 24 were refused as and had failed miserably. It was cottages have gone back on them in some cases permission was enought to make Irish blood boil and in an underhand way have refused by the local landlord. to see the expedients resorted to opposed the project". He went on This was particularly noticeable to banish the people, coercion, to say that every farmer should at Aries with the Landlord, a eviction, enforced emigration, provide his labourer with a Mrs. Sweetman, saw no reason and the late hiring of murderous house and a patch of land. to give any of her land. In most gangs to stop the people's of the remaining cases there was progress". insufficient representation from Borris branch the local ratepayers. Tenant farmers provided list These matters might have attracted the attention of the protest Mr. Murphy (solicitor) local National League butjustat Mr. Kearney then made the reported that the Borris branch this time another matter became first proposal. had provided a list of cottages in the prime focus of attention. In "That we the representatives need of repair and had even January the Ulster tenant of the tenant farmers of Carlow repaired three and built one out farmers, or at least those of them protest against the action of I of their own funds. who supported the Nationalist Lord Rossmore and his Party in In view of the rate at which Party had called a meeting to seeking to prevent the tenant land was becoming available the discuss extending the franchise farmers of Ulster from legally, Local Government Board and Parnell had asked that constitutionally, and peacefully appointed a Dr. Mac Cabe to representatives of the Nation­ assembling to discuss political report on and sanction the alist Party go to this meeting (2) questions affecting their interests building of cottages in those In response to this the Orange and liberties". cases where all the requirements Order threatened to disperse the A second motion was proposed were met. These included meeting by force. Lord by Ignatius Kennedy from St. adequate representation from Rossmore, a Carlow member of Mullins, "That we condemn the rate payers in the districts where the Petty Sessions magistrates action of the Carlow magistrates cottages were needed and publicly supported this threat in supporting the Ulster Orange permission from the landlords and was dismissed from the Party in their outrageous and occupiers of the land on bench by the government. interference with the rights of which cottages were to be built. On the 2nd February the public assembly and their late At meetings of the Poor Law editorial of the Nationalist declaration of sympathy with Guardians there were 67 reported that 38 magistrates of Lord Rossmore in the tardy and applications under consider- the Carlow Court of Petty inadequate punishment meted 14 out to him by the Irish executive". The chairman replying to these motions said, among other things, "I consider the action of Museum Report the magistrates an act of malignant folly fittingly held up By Alec Burns to reprobation ... In applying to the accredited delegates of the URING the past year was transferred recently to Nationalist Party who went to the attendance of visit­ Bethany House as a result of the north in obedience to Mr. ors to the Museum was representations made by some of Parnell the insulting epithets in D slightly better than the Society's members. their foolish manifesto they the previous few years. Serious Our Caretaker P. Whelan over apply them to us, the priests, consideration will have to be the past year gave good service; farmers, and labourers of taken soon, however, of changes we were sorry he could not stay Carlow." in the display if we are to hold but the scheme rules only 12 this position; visitors like to see months employment will be Prohibit hunting improvements. allowed. We hope his successor overland We expected a visit from Miss will measure up to Pat's qualities Paula Harvey of the Donegal which gave satisfaction to all • The third and most significant County Museum but unfortun­ the committee. resolution was proposed by Mr. ately her husband got a major T. Maher· of Donore who said appointment on the Continent "As a practical protest against and she had to travel also - she AnLamh ' the Carlow Orange Manifesto, would have liked to make and as since the subscribers to suggestions on improving our this practically constitute the display, however such was not to in Uachtar whole hunting community, we, be. the tenant farmers of Carlow We were unable to attend a Siosann an ghaoth sa hereby prohibit hunting over our weekday meeting in Dublin to simne anocht, lands and the event of this form a Museum Association; the Siorradh gear an doras prohibition being disregarded notice was too short and the is teach by the Carlow and Island hunt chairman was on holidays at the Ag sleamhnu lei tri 'chuile we reserve the right to make use time, no further communication scoilt, of all legal means, even to the was received concerning this Peisteanna fuara Medusa extent of poisoning our lands, to matter in reply to our inability to ag roiseadh effect our object. It is further attend on that date. A seanfholt fiain ar leac resolved that each branch of the K. Kennedy was nominated to mo theallaigh, I.N.L. be responsable for join the committee but had to Stanaim idir an da suit carrying out the third resolution decline as he was unable to spare orthu in its own districts". the time due to his many Is ni athraitear go cloch Further reading of the reports commitments, however Miss A. me. of subsequent meetings of the Kearney has agreed to fill the branches of the I.N.L. show that vacant position, we heartily Ar a bionda eiri nios practically all other consider­ welcome her. muinteartha liom i Brunn an br6n i fein chun 11 ations gave place to those of Our chairperson, Mrs. Crombie, jf cinn. ~ ways and means of interfering visited the Presentation Convent 1K. with the hunt. Theaddressofthe and took pictures of the Chapel Mothaim i mar luascadh chairmen became more and before the reported sale of the crainn more nationalistic and it became premises, we were also presented Ag scriobadh in eadan I obvious that this action of the with 2 very old Bibles, 2 framed fuinneoige m'aigne, Carlow magistrates had done pictures of the names of the Deora omracha ag seinnt •~ more than appeal to the Children of Mary members over airpeitse f problems of the tenant farmers the years and 5 old Roll Books of San fhuil, mo Heliades ag and those of the labourers in so the school members. caoineadh, far as these affected their P. Purcell was given permission Is ni deintear poibleog immediate wellbeing. These to recover some of his old diom. considerations will be addressed photographs of the building of in another article. the Sugar Factory in 1926. Comhairim lasracha 6 References: (1) Charles Stewart Parnell by A very interesting tour of the chaor na tine F.S.L. Lyons, pub. Fontana/Collins 1977. Old Sacred Heart Home, formerly Ag dul isteach ina cheile (2)Nationalist andLeinster Times 2/2/1884. the Military Barracks, took I ngiodar chun iad f ein a (3) Official Census Report 1881. place in June. Sister Vianni, a idiu. former Matron, and Alec Burns Luifidh me mar described their memories of the Shalamandair ina measc, The Unknown Grave place over the years. M. McAuley Ar puscadh le cuimhni No name to bid us know of the Board of Management dorcha Who rests below was also present. Ag f eitheamh le do No word of death or birth, An old Baptismal Font which choisceim ar thairseach Only the grasses wave had seen service in the old Chapel Is ni athr6far go Over a mound of earth which preceded the Cathedral of luaithreach me. Over a nameless grave ... the Assumption and which had Deirdre Brennan. - From a poem "The Carlow Post" 2516/ 1859. been in the grounds ever since 15 CARLOW MISCELLANY

Photos: W. Ellis

~ A further example of Rock Art at Ballinkillen, County Carlow. Discovered by Ms. Anna Brindley, Office of Public Works. This latest find is the seventh specimen in the county.

"Early Christian Sharpening Stone." The stone at Kiltennel was brought to the attention of members of Old Carlow Society by Mr. John

Cross socket at ~ Mount St. Joseph's, Tullow. The partial inscription appears to be medieval Latin. Found some years ago in a field and brought to its present position at the shrine for safety. Tullow's Penal Mass Stone

EREMONIES were held in Tullow in 1929 to mark the centenary of the Catholic Emancipation Act. The high­ light of the celebrations was the Corpus ChristiC procession, in which an estimated 10,000 people took part. The procession wound its way from the church through a lavishly decorated town to the Square. An altar had been erected in the Square from which Bishop Matthew Cullen imparted Benediction. Beside the altar was a Mass Stone which had been used in Penal days. "When our Faith was banned by tyrant laws, And our Altars in ruin lay, When the blighting gloom of the Penal night Fell dark o'er freedom's day; On this Stone the Sacred Host was laid, And the hunted Sagart here Offered up to heaven the Holy Mass While the hounds of the law were near" The "Mass-stone" was kindly lent for the occasion by Mr. Moore, Wastegrass, Tullow, on whose lands it has lain for centuries. Naturally this stone attracted much attention. It was a connecting link betwen the present and the past. It was appropriate that after the ceremonies According to Mr. Garrett Moore, in the Square the procession made its way to the who kindly made the above Convent grounds where Benediction was again postcard picture available, the imparted by the Bishop, for it was in the same Mass Stone was also brought to grounds that Bishop Daniel Delany had Tullow in 1932 for celebration to mark the Eucharistic Congress. The Stone is seen on the ground, underneath the picture of Bishop Daniel Delany. Mass has been offered at the "Stone" in recent' years by Father T. McDonnell for pupils of Tullow school.

established Corpus Christi processions before the repeal of the Penal laws. "When ceremonies were over in the Convent Grounds the Blessed Sacrament was exposed on the High Altar of the Parochial Church during the Forty Hours. The Church was beautifully decorated on the occasion, and the people of the Parish paid many a visit during the exposition. When darkness fell the town was beautifully illuminated. The Church tower had electric lights specially erected for the occasion. A most powerful search-light played alternately on the church tower and on the town decorations. This produced a wonderful effect. The Altar on the Square was lighted by multi-coloured electric bulbs. The band paraded by the streets, while the vast throng sang hymns and patriotic The Mass Stone on Mr. Garrett songs." Moore's farm Wastegrass, Tullow, today. Photo: W. Ellis. Source: The Nationalist & Leinter Times, 1929. Railways and County Carlow Compiled by William Ellis

LANS to run a railway that would serve County Carlow were mooted in P the early days of the steam era. The initial effort to connect Dublin and Carlow was made in 1836, two years after the first public railway was opened in Ireland between Dublin and Dunlaoghaire. Great Leinster & Munster Railway, was the title of the company formed to undertake the project. Its first attempt to have an Act of Parliament authorising the scheme passed was thwarted by a ruling of the Standing Orders Committee of the English House of Commons. An advertisement dated May 3, 1836, appeared in The Carlow Sentinel giving the following explanation for the committee's View of Tullow Station, 1956 action: Photo: L. Hyland, courtesy Irish Railway Record Society. 'The Provisional Committee oftheG.L.&M.R. think it right consider what routes would be of decided to concentrate on the to inform the Shareholders most benefit to the country. line to Carlow. Dargan and that the decision of the Although an Act of Parliament McCormick took a joint contract Standing Orders Committee was passed in 1837 authorising for this section of the work. was given on Petitions from a the building of the G.L.&M.R. Cherryville, 2112 miles from Canal and River Navigation line, the company did not Kildare was the site chosen for Company, merely with proceed with their project, the junction with the main line reference to the non­ awaiting the report of the to Cork. Cost of Dublin-Carlow compliance with the Standing Commission. It turned out to be a line was £675,540. Orders, and not· in any way wise decision as their route was The first passenger train affecting the real merits of the not among those recommended. arrived in Carlow on August 4, undertaking.' If this line had been built the 1846. A few days prior to its station for Carlow would opening to the general public, In the November 12, 1836 probably have been near the directors invited a number of Carlow Sentinel another Graiguecullen. guests on an inaugural trip, advertisement appeared giving which was reported as follows: the proposed route of the railway line. It was to start near Great Southern and 'The train left the lnchicore Kilmainham in the townland of Western Railway station at 12.20 and arrived at Inchicore, in the parish of St. Carlow at 3.10 pm. There was James and county of Dublin, It was 1844 before another Act no effort at high speed, merely and to terminate in the lands of of Parliament was passed to prove the line and allow the Pennefeather's Lot, in the parish authorising a railway that visitors to enjoy the of St. John and the county and included Carlow in its route.. picturesque table-land city of Kilkenny. This was the Great Southern & through which the line The advertisement listed all Western Railway which was passed. After a delay of an the townlands in the seven planned to connect Dublin and hour to permit the visitors to counties through which the Cork, with a branch line to see the bustle of business in proposed railway was to run. Carlow. Carlow, which is rated as the The townlands contiguous to January, 1845, saw the third best inland town in Carlow town were Killabbin, turning of the first sod for the Ireland, the train made its Killeshin and Cloydagh in Co. project. Contractor for the return journey.' Laois and Clogrennan, Fonthill Dublin to Hazelhatch section Passengers for Cork, Clonmel, and Ballinabranagh in Co. was William McCormick, and Kilkenny, Waterford and other Carlow. William Dargan secured the destinations in the South In 1836 because of the contract for the Hazelhatch to availed of the trains to Carlow numerous proposals to build Sallins section. from where stage coaches railways in Ireland, a Royal When the railway was conveyed them on the rest of Commission was set up to completed to Sallins it was their journey. The evening train 18 connected with the Cork mail completed to join up with the coach which reached that city at D.W.&W.R. in 1873 at Macmine 5 am the next morning. On The Train Junction. In the early days, time­ (Incidentally, this was the keeping was a bit of a headache He from the window looked first time that the D.W.&W.R. for the Stationmaster, as we read to see was joined with the rest of the that he was asking the directors The landscape rushing by; country's rail network, as the of the company for directions as It came along - he picked it Loopline Bridge over the Liffey to what he should do about the up- in Dublin was not opened until mails which were being brought He caught it in his eye. 1892). late to the station. On one Even then the troubles of the occasion he held the train for Wrathfully he jerked in his B.&W.R. were not over and it half an hour, but still no mails head just managed to remain in arrived. To dig for the stinging business through the efforts of cinder - Arthur MacMurrough Kavanagh, But who shall print the M.P., who guaranteed payment Great Leinster and words, he said for the hire of rolling stock. The Munster Railway As his hat flew out the Great Southern & Western winder? Railway was responsible for the - The Nationalist & Leinster Times, Many companies were formed 10/1/1885. running of the railway from 1876 with the idea of building to 1925, when the Great railways, but some of them never Southern Railway Company got beyond the planning stage It was a very expensive was set up to take responsibility as we have seen in the case of the railway to make as no steep for the railways in the 26 Great Leinster & Munster gradients or sharp curves were Counties. Railway. Another company permitted, a result of this policy February 2, 1931, saw the end which did not come to fruition is the magnificent viaduct at of regular passenger services on was the Wexford, Carlow & Borris. Another engineering the B.& W.R. line, the first such Dublin Junction Railway which feature still to be seen but not service withdrawn by the G.S.R. had plans to connect Dublin and very obvious is the very deep The final train on the Wexford with a line from Carlow rock cutting through Kilcoltrim Bagenalstown and Wexford to Bunclody and then down the Hill. Railway was a cattle special for Slaney valley. While the B.&W.R. was being Borris Fair in March, 1963. The two companies mentioned constructed another company, in the preceding paragraph the Dublin, Wicklow and Tullow and amalgamated to form the Irish Wexford Railway, was building N ewtownbarry South Eastern Railway and a line down the coastal route and constructed the line from Carlow won the race to serve the main Another might-have-been to Lavitstown Junction where it centres of population in County railway in County Carlow was a connected with the Waterford Wexford, when they reached proposal to run a line from and Kilkenny line, thereby Enniscorthy in 1863. Carlow to Tullow and connecting those two cities with As the B.&W.R. did not serve Newtownbarry. Meetings were Dublin. any major town it never paid its held in Tullow in 1861 to further The I.S.E.R. line was opened to way. In 1864 the company was the project and collect share Bagenalstown, with an inter­ declared bankrupt and was capital. mediate station at Milford on closed for a time. It was re­ An advertisement appeared in July 24, 1848. It did not reach opened in 1870, eventually being The Carlow Post, November 23, Kilkenny until November 12, 1850. The building of the viaduct over the River Barrow outside Bagenalstown was probably the reason for the two-year delay in reaching Kilkenny. Bagenalstown and Wexford Railway In 1854, it was decided to construct a railway from Bagenalstown to Wexford, the first sod was turned on January 1, 1855. The Bagenalstown and Wexford Railway was opened to Borris with an intermediate station at Bellyellin on December 11, 1858. Stage coaches provided a connection with Wexford. March 17, 1862, saw the second part of the line opened to Ballywilliam, with the last halt in County Carlow at Ballyellin Station House today Ballyling. Photo: W. Ellis. 19 1861, announcing 'The Incorp­ Tullow, whose inhabitants and oration of a company seeking traders appeared to be reluctant powers to make railways from to subscribe to the project. Carlow to Newtownbarry, and to The inhabitants and shop­ create Capital therefor, use of keepers of Newtownbarry had portions of the lines of the Great subscribed £1,080, it was Southern & Western Railway reported to one of the earliest and the Irish South Eastern meetings, thus showing support Railway at Carlow. Traffic for the railway. arrangements with these An offer to take £5,000 in companies, Amendment of shares was made by Colonel Acts.' Bunbury if a station was provided at Little Moyle. The Platform and shed engineer saw no problem in at Castlemore complying with the request, the cost of which would be c£80. The route of the railway was Share capital amounting to surveyed and the estimated cost £12,330 was eventually contrib­ of the line was £92,000. It was uted and solicitors were Memorial to Richard planned to start the line at south instructed to make arrangements Newmann at Marley. to bring a bill before Parliament. end of passenger platform at severe snow storm Carlow station in townland of The Carlow Post of February 15, 1862, 'announced with regret in January, 1917was Rathnapish and terminate in a the cause of a G.S. & field west of Fair Green in that the promoters of the Carlow, Tullow and Newtown­ A W.R. train being Tullow. A line to Newtownbarry snowed up at Marley_on the to branch off near Castlemore harry Railway had to abandon Bagenalstown to Wexford crossroads and terminate in the project at the present session branch line. Carrickduff, 300 yards from of Parliament. All plans, forms, The first engine sent to centre of town. etc. were lodged in due time, but clear the line also became a Plans included platform and the money deposit required to be victim of the elements) which lodged did not reach target in the necessitated the sendmg of a shed at Castlemore; Station, second engine to continue goods store and turntable at localities - although to their praise it should be stated, a few the work. Tullow; Station at Aghade Road; When the task was finally Station at Killerig bridge or of the resident gentry came completed, there were two Kildavin; Station, goods store forward most liberally.' engines in steam, four and carriage shed at Carrickduff. ballast vans, two breakdown Provision had also been made to Rathvilly and vans and a steam crane extend the railway to Rathvilly Tullow service attached to the orginal train, and Baltinglass, and beyond (eJ!gine and two carriages). The train had only started Newtownbarry if necessary. Tullow had to wait until June back to Borris, when the It was proposed to raise the 1, 1886, before it got its railway driver of the second engine capital for the project by private connection, when a branch line heard a moan, he put on the subscription. was constructed by the brake and sounded a 'crow A leading article in The G.S.&W.R. from the main whistle'. He got down from Carlow Post, November 30, 1861, Dublin/Cork line at Sallins to the engine and found a body was pointing out the advantage caught in the wheels. of a railway to a town like • Continued page 22 One of the workmen, Richard Newman, had fallen from the ballast van. At the subsequent inquest evidence of identification was given by the deceased's step­ fatheri Patrick Doyle, wlio was a so a member of the breakdown gang. The following verdict was reported in The Nationalist & Leinster Times, February, 1917: 'That Richard Newman came by his death accident­ ally on the night of the 29th January 1917 on the railway hne1 at Marley. The jury have no evidence to show that the door was securely fastened, and they (the jury) recommended the mother of the deceased boy to the consideration of the railway company. The jury also expressed their most sincere sympathy with the mother of the deceased in her Rathvilly Station House today sad bereavement.' Photo: W. Ellis. 20 The Making of A Model By Una Murphy

MINIATURE replica of the Protestant Church in St. Mullins has A recently been completed. It is the only miniature of that Church that I am aware of. It is hoped that that model will be on view to the public in the near future in Carlow. The making of the model entailed many hours of patience and hard work, but its successful completion gave us a great sense of satisfaction. We would like to share our experience with you the readers. On a cold frosty November afternoon Tom Kavanagh and I set out for St. Mullins armed with a camera, rolls of film, a measuring tape, a clinometer, reams of paper and pencils. Tom drew sketches of the Church Partuiew of front wall and tower - Actual Church from all angles while I photographed. These sketches and particularly the photographs the building inch by inch. This examine the interior of the proved invaluable while we were took quite a long time and building. As there is no lighting constructing the model. Without unfortunately darkness fell in the Church we had to make the photographs we would have upon us. Being the brave pair we our investigation very quickly. had to make many journies back are, we made a hasty exit from We photographed the floor, to the Church as we could not the lonely church via the ceiling and walls. We wrote rely on memory alone to recall graveyard. down the inscriptions from the details such as stonework and Our second trip to the Church marble plaques, commemorating arches over windows and the took place two weeks later. This the people who are buried in the door. time, thanks to Pat Doyle we had vault under the Church floor. We then set about measuring "The Key" so we proceeded to Imagine a wet, cold November evening with the wind howling, the trees striking the walls and leaves blowing in through the broken windows, combined with our images of the ghosts of Walter Kavanagh and The Lady Elizabeth Kavanagh. Too embarrassed to admit our fear to each other we silently completed our task and scurried out. We then set about the actual construction of the model. We chose a scale of 1 :25. This scale gave us a model which was large enough to show every detail, yet small enough to be presentable. We used a sheet of chipboard as the base - not too heavy yet strong enough to support the model and allow it to be moved. We chose plywood to construct the walls and roof. The plywood is light yet gives a solid structure. Tom converted the measurements we took of the Church to our scaled-down measurements and cut out each piece of the model, View of front wall and tower - Model Church while I made the windows using 21 sheets of strong clear plastic and This we covered over with grass strips of white poster paper. We i.e. green velvet effect contact. put the windows in position This effort at model making before the pieces were assembled. may read as dull hard work. Hard work is was but dull it was Recreated the not by any means. We had many texture good laughs while doing this project. We had numerous visitors Two walls of the Church and to our "workshop" during the upper section of the tower construction - all providing have the original stone work. advice, help and numerous . The remainder was plastered hilarious comments. We did not some years ago. Rather than cost the project. Most of our paint the stone effect we decided materials were what most people to recreate the texture as well as put in the rubbish bin -left over colour. To do this we stuck lumps pieces of plywood, old news­ of newspaper to the plywood to papers, cardboard boxes, pieces represent the stones. We then of electric cable and carpet ends. covered this with sheets of white We borrowed a set of paints. Our paper and painted - shading major expenses were the photo­ each stone and the pointing in Model during construction graphs, 76 in a\l and copydex. between. Our attention then turned to the roof. We cut out Project finally approximately 900 "slates" using some cotton-wool and stuck it on the walls and roof; and sure completed cornflake boxes. Each one was . enough, it looked like moss. We then stuck on individually. The then called in our plumber, Pat In November 1988, the task ridge tiles we cut from pampers Murphy to assist with the gutters ahead of us seemed daunting boxes. We then painted the roof. and down pipes. Pat split electric and near impossible having had Our 'Church' now looked newly cable and removed the copper no training or experience in built. The slates looked as if they wiring and placed the "gutters" model making. However we had just been cut. To make the and "down-pipes" in position. struggled and endured until model look a few hundred years He checked their function by April 30th 1989 when we finally old we again used paint. By pouring water on the roof and, completed the project. With our dabbing on varying shades of sure enough, the water drained families admiring, we proudly brown and green, using a off as it should. photographed the model from sponge, we managed to give the the same angles as we model a slightly weather beaten The actual Church is built on photographed the original, with look. Moss grows abundantly on sloping ground. To create this plans to compare the new with the roof and walls. We painted slope we used layers of carpet. the old.

• Continued from page 20 Tullow railway lasted for 73 A proposal made at a Dublin, years. The last regular serve Naas, Baltinglass, Wicklow and Wexford passenger train service ceased Rathvilly and Tullow. Railway board meeting in operation in January, 1947. The company initially 1878 to construct a line from Excursion, pilgrimage and planned the railway to Tinahely to Hacketstown was goods trains continued to run Baltinglass only, but when a never acted upon. until 1959 when the rails were Baronial guarantee tax to offset Plans were also mooted to finally lifted. losses was agreed to, they connect Castlecomer with a During the heyday of the branch from Carlow. continued the line to Tullow. The railway boom in Ireland, County railway, when opened, did not Carlow for its size was well generate enough traffic so the collection of the said served by this mode of transport. company had to call upon the unconstitutional and unnec­ When Tullow was linked to the tax to make up the deficiency in essary tax upon tne people of rail network in 1886 there were income. the baronies of Forth and seven stations, Carlow, Milford, As can be imagined it was not Rathvilly.' ~agenalstown, Borris, Bally­ a popular tax and we read of Another example: ellin*, Rathvilly and Tullow and meetings being held to protest 'That we discontinue the a halt at Ballyling, in the county. against the 'imposition,' when payment of all county tax 1989 leaves one station, property was seized for non­ after the coming assize until Carlow, and a halt at payment of the tax. Resolutions such time as the railway Bagenalstown. in the following vein were guarantee tax is abolished.' * Ballyellin in Co. Carlow was the station passed: A third example, after the for Goresbridge in Co. Kilkenny, the reason 'That regarding the guarantee seizure of cattle: why this station was known by the name of the tax for the Tullow railway as 'That we the cesspayers at Kilkenny town. an unjust imposition obtained meeting assembled, have no Sources: on misleading information, sympathy with those persons The Great Southern & Western Railway, by who have made themselves K. A. Murray and D. B. McNeil!. we hereby reiterate our Huspaths Journal & Railway Magazine. determination to continue our obnoxious by assisting in the Railway Times. steadfast opposition to it by collection of this unjust Nationalist & Leinster Times. The Carlow Post. offering all the passive railway tax.' Carlow Sentinel. resistance in our power to the Despite all its tribulations the Journal of the Irish Railway Record Society. 22 Working in Oak Park Michael Browne who was born at Ballyhade, Palatine in 1906 gives an account to Alec Burns of his early days at work in Oak Park when his parents and family moved to a house on the Estate.

HEN they took up ringing of a bell by the Steward Regular ploughmen usually 6 residence there a copy (a Mr. Orr) at 8 a.m., late comers in number, 12 horses, around 12 of the regulations to be were reminded by him that the at other farm work. George B. W observed was given to bell was gone; one of the offenders Jackson, garage owner at Burrin them, it was signed and hung on jokingly remarked "I hope it will St. supplied the first tractor in the wall; it included regulations never be found". Work finished 1916, Michael thought the name which prohibited the keeping of at 6 p.m., every working animal was Tyson. any animals or pets, no trapping had to be attended to before Threshing oats and barley of rabbits, gamekeeper might leaving. No work on Church occupied 1 week's work; he had sell a couple of any surplus if his Holy Days but wages were paid no knowledge of yield, but it usual retailer hadn't any market for same. Weekly wages could be supplied all the needs of the for them; no donkeys or carts collected by workers' wives in animal feeding. Farmyard allowed; if tenant reached 70 the Estate office, Athy Road manure only was used, no years he had to retire and live on every Friday. fertilizers, to his knowledge, then. OAP pension, in a room in town Rape was grown for cattle and unless he had a son who got 5 a.m. milking sheep - they were only allowed employment on the farm and on Sundays to graze it for short periods. All retained the tenancy. stock were housed in bad weather. Widows got work in garden, On Sundays, those that were 9 hours work daily, no half day. dairy or the big house if she was employed at milking cows etc. Wasn't too sure of the amount fit for work in either of those had to attend at 5 a.m. and of acreage tilled, Estate places. During sickness the having their work done walk contained about 5,000 acres. N ationallnsurance paid 10/-per into Carlow in time to attend When returning to farmyard week to men and 7 /6 to women. early Mass. It was the same for at end of day's work, animals Col. Bruen was generous enough any Church oflreland employees were not to be rushed unduly to with hardship cases. If a rainy although a coachman named be there by 6 p.m.; severe penalty season occurred and clothing got McElhinney drove the Colonel including losing job could be wet, extra firewood could be got and staff to St. Mary's. incurred as a result. to dry clothes at night time as The Game Keeper, Steward usually people then weren't able and Head Gardener were all C of Union membership to have a second set of clothing; I as was the Saw-Mill's Manager. it was the general complaint 4d. per week then that suits and women's There was a flock of several hundreds of deer in the Park clothjng had to be used several When Transport Union came times on a Sunday or Holy Day then; about every month a couple were slaughtered and sold to the to get the workers to join, it to allow families to be present at caused some trouble as the wage their respective religious services. employees for 6p per lb. Venison was a delicacy. Beef was regularly demand was for 36/- per week. slaughtered by a town butcher Michael thinks some of the perks Blankets and wine but only for the big house as they were stopped then or a charge at Christmas entertained lavishly the hunting was made. The Transport Union fraternity and army personnel dropped agricultural labour then Michael started work in the from the Curragh who travelled but Larkin's Union accepted Garden where 10 people were by small plane landing in what them; membership was 4d. per employed including 2 women. was known as the White Field. week. His father was recognised as a Garden Produce was sold to all A welcome bonus would good cow man, vets weren't so comers and to retailers in Carlow. sometimes come if you were plentiful then. Pay was according The Garden was usually able to working in a field when the to age, 12-13 yrs. 1/- per day; 15- pay for itself. foxhunting season was on. Some 16 yrs. 1/6 per day; adults 13/6 Flowers were also produced, of the riders would welcome the weekly with perks, which principally for the big House opening of a gate by throwing a included firewood, vegetables, decoration daily. shilling or more to you as they garden tilled for potato sowing, During the 1918 Flu period, passed through. milk half usual price, blankets free meals were supplied to the Michael left Oak Park in 1921 were given at Christmas time to needy and sick. to work in Duggan's Nur~eries in needy with a bottle of wine. Around 30 people were Pembroke, his parents got a There was a private school on employed on the farm on a house in Pollerton Road. the Estate for all religions but regular basis. Stock included 40 He described the Bruen family the town schools were nearer to milch cows, 100 suckling heifers, as good employers, no most of the workers' families. 40 stall feeders and approx­ Work commenced by the imately 200 sheep. • Continued page 24 23 Then&Now By Alec Burns

N exhibit notice in the Dublin St; John Brennan, Vintner, Burrin St. now Jas. Hucksters Shop portion Victualler now Glass Centre, Kelly Licensed Vintner; W. P. of the museum, states Dublin St.; P. C. Bergin Licensed Good Hardware Store now part A that the "Grocers & Vintners now O'Loughlin's Bar, owned by Tyler Shoe Co. and Allied Trades Assistants Dublin St.; Jas J. Oliver part Goods Hardware, Paint Association have agreed with Butcher's Shop now private Shop; Julia Colgan Fancy Goods the undersigned Employees to house; J. Jackson "Sheaf of Store now Allied Irish Finance close their establishments for a Wheat'; Licensed Vintner now Ltd.; Edwin Boake, Baker now weekly half day on Wednesdays. Peggys Place Bar; James Crotty's Bakery & Confectionery It does not state a date however Brennan Bacon Curer & Grocery Store; L. King Licensed Vintner but it must have been in the late Store still in same business. now United Dominion Trust twenties or early thirties, from it Michael Nolan "The Irish­ office; Thomas Twomey & Son, one can get a picture of how man's" Bar & Grocery now Bacon & Grocery Store also much the ownership of the under the ownership of John Licensed Vintner Wholesale & business premises have changed. Hargaden with a Lounge Bar; Retail now Lennons Licensed Frank O'Rourke Light Hardware premises with Lounge; W. J. Gerald Donnelly, Grocer & Jackson now Finegans Select Licensed Vintner Wholesale & Store, Centaur St. now demolished; Catherine McDon­ Bar & Lounge, Potato Market & Retail now occupied by M/S Tullow St. Shaws Drapery Store; Lipton's nell, Templecroney Licensed Bar M. Hearns, Victualler, Tullow Grocery & Bacon Store now now under different ownership under the name of "The Crow's St. now occupied by a Dentist, Carlow Bookshop & Brocketts Men's Drapery and a £1 stores; Tea Rooms; Daniel McDonnell Nest". J. Murphy, Haymarket, Foley Bros. now occupied by Grocery & Spirits now Tully's Bar & Grocery now "Stonehaven" Aidan Lennon Lounge Bar; J as. latest store; Atlantic Tea Packing Lounge & Bar under the Dunphy now occupied by Kealys Co. now Muffins Restaurant & ownership of Tom Clerkin. Lounge Bar also Dancing Coffee Shop, Tullow St.; Ml. R. M. Collier Bar & Grocery Lounge, Tullow St.; James McDonnell Bar & Grocery Shops now Ewings Lounge & Bar; Farrell Hardware Merchant now now Tully's Bar and Take Away William Burns Grocery Wholesale occupied by Brendan Dempsey Stores. & Retail now "Allens" Wedding & Son with extended shop and William Mulhall General Gifts Store, Wallpaper etc. large hardware stores at rere; Hardware now Paul's Bookshop; Castle St.; London & Newcastle Peter Foley Licensed Premises Ml. Byrne Grocery & Homecured Grocery Store now "Window at corner of Barrack St. now Bacon Store now Bramleys Fashions" under the proprietor­ occupied by "Cee Gees" with Jewellery & Fashion Centre, ship of Michael Byrne, Castle some extended business and Dublin St. and Market Cross; St.; J. Walsh Bakery, Castle St. lounge and meals served; Mr. .Ed. Duggan Grocery, Bar and now a Pony Riding facilities Nelson, Court Place now Insur­ Stationer's Shop now Peter & establishment; Tom McDonald ance Brokers Pat Mullarkey; C. Betty O'Gorman's Delicatessen, Bar & Grocery now Abbey McDermott Licensed Vintner, Bar & Restaurant also Bernie Tavern Lounge & Bar; Bridget Tullow St. now in the same Hayes Stationery Shop and Kearney Flour & Meal Store business; Nationalist & Leinster Fancy Goods Store; Leverett & now Fitzmaurices Meat Store, Times works & office, Tullow St. Frye Wholesale & Retail Store Kennedy St.; Jas O'Neill Meat still in the same business but in a now The Little Owl Bar and Store now private dwelling more extensive way; P. Byrne, Restaurant, Dublin St. owned by his son Jimmy. Tullow St. Licensed Premises & J as Duggan, Seedsman & M.A. Kelly Grocery & Bar now Auctioneer now occupied by Nursery needs now part of "The office and store part of Corcoran "Caulfields" as a Select Bar & House for Men" Drapery Store, & Co.; Ml. Brophy Licensed Lounge.

• Continued from page 23 was the result of a lawsuit by a Wicklow got the contract for previous lessee who had been felling the trees and also for victimisation of any kind from accused of taking a Gainsborough trapping the rabbits which were them; they paid the going wages painting when leaving. The very numerous then. of that period and gave good Burtons lost the case. A man That finished Michael's perks; they were most considerate named Ingledo from Co. Cork agricultural work; he married, to all employees. was the lessee in question, John got a house on Staplestown Rd.; In 1927 he went to Burton Hall Burton gave a farewell party to was a lorry driver for M/S which had been taken over by all the workers and neighbours Drummonds Nurseries and the Land Commission and was on the green sward at the Piers Graiguecullen Corn & Coal Co. being divided among the small on top of Palatine Hill before for the remainder of his working farmers of the area. leaving. life .. He is now living in Whitney John Burton who had inherited Michael then continued with Place, Graiguecullen, enjoying the estate would have liked to the Land Commission for 2 more his retirement which we hope carry it on, but the debt or years when they were dividing will last for many more years to mortgage was too heavy which Ducketts Grove; a firm from Co. come. 24 17th Century Carlow Leases National Library Micro Film No. 4767 By T. Clarke

ease for ye lives of Wil­ on ye east William Scooly's plott A lease for ye lives of Patrick liam Scooley, Richard on ye south. 25/3/1677. Moore, George Moore, John Scooly, Robert Browne. A lease for ye lives of Edward Head. Tenement and plott in A: One plott and halfe in Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, Castle Street, in ye front north 53 Tullagh Street, mearing with Donagh Lord O'Brien. The foot, James Nowland's plott on Mrs. Masters plott on ye east, dwelling house and plott in ye west, Edmond Reynolds on ye with Mary Braziers plott on ye Dublin Street, east 104 foot, south, Robert Whitley's on ye west and 110 foot in front. north 43112 foot and ye Crown east. 517/1677. 25/3/1677. Inne in ye same street, west 35 A lease for ye lives of Robert A lease for ye lives of William foot. 20/8/1680. Curtis, William Sisson, Donagh, Scooly, Richard Scooly, William Lord O'Brien. The dwelling Browne. The tenement and plott house and plott of ye said Robert called Owen Doyle's plott in Dublin Gate and Curtis in Dublin Street, in ye Tullagh Street. 25/3/1680. Goose Island front west 44 foot, alsoe a plott A lease for ye lives of Edmond called frize plott in Back Lane. Carrell, Elizabeth Carrell, A lease for ye lives of Richard 617/1677. Marcus Carrell. The house and Griffin, Sarah Wiley, Joane A lease for ye lives Jonathan fourth part of a plott in Dublin Wiley. Two little Closes without Hoyle, Joshua Hoyle, William Street where ye said Edmond Dublin Gate, containing 6 acres. Sisson. The tenement and plott Carrell now dwelleth, and ye 517/1677. called N ewgents plott in Tullagh tenement and plott of ye late A lease for ye lives of Edward Street, in ye front north 34 foot, Robert Ellis in Castle Street. Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, Peter Moore's plott on ye west, 18/6/1677. Donagh, Lord O'Brien. A plott on ye south Robert Curtis called Goose Island, mearing garden, and Edward Wormes Lane leading from and bounding on ye west with ye plott east. 16/4/1678. Island of Samuel Blackshaw Tullagh Gate and on all other sides with ye river Burren.18/6/1677. South Cott A lease for ye lives of Alice A lease for ye lives of Edward Lane Howes, Mary Howes, Edward Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, Howes. A tenement and plott in Donagh, Lord O'Brien. Uphing­ A lease for ye lives of Tullagh Street, in ye front north hams plott soe called in Dublin Christopher Greene, Elizabeth 140 foot, Doyle's plott on ye west, Street, in ye front east 30 foot, Green, Grace Greene. Tenement ye lane leading from Tullagh George Wilkin's plott on ye and plott in Dublin Street, to ye Gate on ye east, Mr. Reynold's north, William Greene's on ye front west 29 foot, and fronting haggard on ye south. 25/3/1677. west, South Cott lane on ye to ye market north 24 foot, Peter A lease for ye lives of Alice south. 18/6/1677. Moore's plott on ye east, Robert Howes, Mary Howes, Edward A lease for ye lives of Edward Curtis on ye south, alsoe a Howes. A tenement and plott in Reynolds, Mary Reynolds, tenement in South Cott Lane. Tullagh Street in ye front south Donagh, Lord O'Brien. Tene­ 5/711677. 80 foot, Mrs. Master's garden on ment and plott in Castle Street, A lease for ye lives of Robert ye north, ye land leading to Peter Moore's plott on ye west, Sherlock, Honora Sherlock, Masley's plott on ye east, John his garden on ye south, and his Philip Sherlock. Tenement and Lydall's plott on ye west. dwelling house on ye east. half plott in Dublin Street, to ye 51711677. 20/8/1680. front west 27 foot, Thomas A lease for ye lives of George A lease for ye lives of Edward Harris's plott on ye south, Glover, Robert Brazier, Anne Reynolds, Henry, Lord O'Brien, Robert Browne's on ye east, and Brazier. Tenement and plott Donagh O'Brien. Severall fields John Smith's plott on ye north. called Mary Brazier's plott in and closes namely four, being 517/1677. Tullagh Street in ye front north part of ye mart lands of ye A lease for ye lives of Levy 70 foot, ye narrow lane on ye Burren containing 39 acres, ~ Sturges, John Browne, Margaret east, ye Back Lane south, severall plotts in Burren Stteet. Woolam. Tenement and half William Scooly's plott on ye 18/6/1677. plott in Dublin Street, to ye front west. 25/3/1677. A lease for ye lives of P~trick west 25 foot, Patrick White's A lease for ye lives of Charles Moore, George Moore, \John plott on ye south, Moselyes Lane Walsh, Richard Walsh, Henry Head. The tenement and 'plott on ye east, Henry Seix on ye Walsh. Tenement and plott in called Moore's plott in Tullagh north. 517/1677. Tullagh Street, in ye front north Street, in ye front 53 foot A lease for ye lives of Levy 63 foot, ye lane leading to ye fronting alsoe in Dublin Street, Sturges, Joseph Ivey, Daniell Burren on ye west, the town wall 18 foot. 517I 1677. Ivey. Tenement and small plott 25 called ye Wooll-House in 36112 foot, fronting alsoe to Castle south 70 foot, Peter Moore's plott Templecroney's Lane, meared street south 21 1/2 foot. 23/6/1677. on ye east. 517I 1677. on the west with ye Schoole A lease for ye lives of William A lease for ye lives of Thomas House and garden, and on all Gardiner, Ann Gardiner, Hollyday, Nathaniel Hollyday, other sides with ye said lane. Redmond Wall. Tenement and Allen Hollyday. Tenement and 517/1677. plott called V allinces plott in plott in Burren Street, in ye front A lease for ye lives of John Castle Street, in ye front south 43 west 150 foot, Mrs. Crewhern's Seix, Edward Seix, James Seix. foot, William Good's plott to ye plott on ye east, ye river Burren A plott called Widdow Grey's east, Blackmoore's Head Inne to on ye north, alsoe one other plott plott without Dublin Gate, with ye north, and with Edward called Woulf s plott in ye same two small plotts adjoining, and Carrell's on ye west.18/6/1677. street in ye front west 95 foot. alsoe one called Heretage Plott. A lease for ye lives of Richard 5/711677. 25/3/1677. Jones, Mary Jones, Alice Jones. A lease for ye lives of Henry Blackmoore's Head Inne in Strand ofye Siex, Mary Seix, Henry SeixJnr. Dublin Street, in ye front east 50 Tenement and half plott in foot, Mr. Andrew's plott on ye river Barrow Dublin Street, in ye front west 33 north, Templecroney Land on ye foot, Patrick Rochford's plott on west, Masters, Good's, Gar­ A lease for ye lives of Mary ye south, Moselyes Lane on ye diner's, and Carrell's their plotts Murry, Patrick Murry, Francis east, Richard Andrew's plott on on ye south. 518/1677. Murry. Tenement and plott in ye ye north. 18/6/1677. A lease for ye lives of William Graige, in ye front north 96 foot, A lease for ye lives of John Holding, Anne Holding, James ye strand of ye river Barrow on Pagett, Julian Pagett, Isaace Holding. Tenement and part of a ye east, Connor Dooling's plott Warrener. Tenement and plott in plott called Elton's plott in on ye south, and John Cullin's Dublin Street, in ye front east Castle Street, fronting to ye said on ye west. 25/3/1677. 46 foot and a little garden street south, ye Churchyard on A lease for the lives of backward called Templecroney, ye east and north, and Henry Katherin Warren, Ellen Warren, Alexander Rochford' s plott on ye Rutlidge's plott on ye west. Henry Warren. Towne and lands north, Templecroney's Lane on 25/8/1677. of Ballymoyleran, Queen's ye west, Mr. Andrew's plott on ye county, containing 444 acres. south, alsoe an acre and half of 18/6/1677. land by ye river Burren. Blackmoore's 5/711677. A lease for ye lives of Katherin Headlnne Warren, Ellen Warren, Henry A lease for the lives of Julian Warren. Tenement and plott in Pagett, Isaace Warrender, A lease for ye lives of Edmond Dublin Street, fronting to the William Pagett. Three small Carrell, Hugh Carrell, Ellen street east, north Cott Lane on ye tenements in the Graige, alsoe Carrell. Tenement and plott in north, Viccaridge plott on ye 81/2 acres in ye same. 25/3/1677. Castle Street, in ye front south 63 west, and George Wilkin's plott A lease for ye lives of foot, Gardiner's and Alcocks on ye south. 9/7I 1677. Alexander Rochford, Elizabeth their plotts on ye east, A lease for ye lives of Thomas Rochford, John Bambrick. Blackmoore's Head Inne on ye Bernard, Charles Bernard, Tenement and plott in Dublin north, Templecroney Lane on ye William Bernard. The towne and Street, in ye front east 4 7 foot, west. 18/6/1677. lands of Mortellstowne contain­ Robert Saunder's plott on ye A lease for ye lives of Edmond ing 120 acres, and ye Martlands north, Cott Lane on ye west, and Carrell, Elizabeth Carrell, Peter of ye Burren containing 40 acres. John Pagett's plott on ye south. Carrell. Rathnepish, a parcel of 18/6/1677. 25/3/1677. land soe called containing 62 A lease for ye lives of George acres 2 roods, meared with the Wilkins, Elizabeth Wilkins, Brewhouse and Dublin Road on ye west and ye George Wilkins Jnr. Tenement land oflittle Pollardstowne on ye being part of a plott in Dublin Gatehouse east. 28/6/1677. Street, in ye front east 35 foot, A lease for ye lives of Samuel Joseph White's plott on ye north, A lease for ye lives of Laurance Blackshaw, Rachell Blackshaw, William Greene's plott on ye Rochford, Elizabeth Butcher, Rachell Blackshaw Jnr. west, and Edward Reynolds on Arthur Bambrigg. A parcel of Tenement and plott in Castle ye south. 517I 1677. land without Dublin Gate Street, alsoe a Tanyard Island A lease for ye lives of John containing 40 acres, and a small and garden having Richard Cullin, Thomas Cullin, Alice close lying alsoe without Dublin Read's plott on ye east and on all Cullin. Tenement and plott in ye Gate. 25/3/1677. other sides ye river Burren. Graige, fronting northwards 63 A lease for ye lives of Laurance 18/6/1677. foot, the towne street on ye west, Rochford, Elizabeth Butcher, A lease for ye lives of Samuel Dooling's plott on ye south, and Arthur Bambrigg. Two parcels Blackshaw, Rachell Blackshaw, Murry's on ye east, alsoe 4 small of land lying without Dublin Rachell Blackshaw Jnr. Three fields in ye back of ye Graig Gate called Heath Land, (now fields or parcels of land in ye containing 10 acres. 517I 1677. Strawhall) containing by Graige containing 40 acres. A lease for ye lives of Margery estimation 123 acres. 517I 1677. 28/6/1677. Quigley, Adam Seix, Maurisse A lease for ye lives of Richard A lease for ye lives of James Cranbrough. The White Horse Jones, Sarah Jones, Thomas Nowland, James Doyle, Inn in Dublin Street, alsoe a Bridge. Dwelling house, Katherin Ammon. Tenement tenement being half a plott in ye Brewhouse, and Gatehouse in and plott in Castle Street, in ye . same street, both bounded with Dublin Street, in ye front east front north 118 foot, and on ye Sherlock's plott on ye south, and 26 Patrick White's on ye north. in ye front eastwards 110 foot. acres of land adjoining. 25/8/1680. 10/411678. 20/8/1680. A lease for ye lives of Joane A lease for ye lives of John A lease for ye lives of Richard Masters, Katherin Nevill, Joane Nicholl, William Bernard, Anne Hunt, Arthur Hunt, Thomas Beaver. Tenement and plott in Longdevill. The Towne and Ellis. Tenement and plott in Tullagh Street, to ye front north lands of Crossneene, being part Dublin Street, in ye front west 91 65 foot, William Scooly's plott on of ye lands of ye Graige, foot, called Robert Edwards ye west, Robert Curtis on ye containing 244 acres. 28/9/1677. plott, a tenement and plott in south, and Owen Doyle on ye A lease for ye lives of Thomas Cott Lane, alsoe one other plott east. 9/8/1677. Keagan, Ellen Keagan, Ann in Burren Street, in ye front Keagan. Tenement and plott of eastward 100 foot. 12/9/1678. ground 70 foot, and another little A lease for ye lives of William The Red plott 66 foot, alsoe a parcel called Scooly Jnr. Richard Scooly, Cowlnne Mount Close containing 6 acres, William Browne. The lands of all in ye Graige. 27/311677. Queenagh with ye Bogg, 353 A lease for ye lives of Joane A lease for ye lives of Richard acres. 20/8/1680. Masters, Katherin Nevill, Joane Strange, Andrew Strange, A lease for ye lives of Thomas Beaver. The Red Cow Inne, James Porter. House and plott of Baker, Mary Baker, Edward house plott and buildings soe ground in Dublin Street, in ye Howes. Tenement and plott in called in Dublin Street, in ye front west 52 foot, and a parcel Burren Street, in ye front east 80 front west 85 foot, alsoe fronting being part of ye Martland 30 foot, Mr. Reynolds plott on ye to Tullagh Street south 157 foot, acres, alsoe a parcel called south, Tobacco Meadows on ye and two tenements more in ye Coolebenock 5 acres. 27/3/1677. west, ye river burren on ye north. same street. 9/811677. 6/9/1678. A lease for ye lives of Joane Tobacco A lease for ye lives of Thomas Masters, Katherin Nevill, Joane Kenedy, Patrick Kenedy, Beaver. Tenement and plott in Meadows Cornelius Sullivan. Tenement Dublin Street, to ye front east being half a plott in Dublin 22112 foot, Blackmoore's Head A lease for ye lives of Dame Street, in ye front west 22 foot, Inne on ye north, William Good's Anne Longdevill, Anne Long­ Joane Masters plott on ye south, plott on ye west, Edward devill, Jane Longdevill. Lands Mr. Sherlock's on ye north, and Carrell's on ye south. 9/811677. called Tobacco Meadows being 7 Edward Hamey's on ye east. A lease for ye lives of Joane acres, and one other plott called 16/8/1680. Masters, Katherin Nevill, Joane Stafford's plott, alsoe two other Beaver. Plot of ground, a plotts all near the Castle. Highway to Malthouse with severall other 517/1677. plotts and a little field next ye A lease for ye lives of Geffry Ballymoyleran town wall, all situate without Purcell, Joane Purcell, Walter Tullagh Gate. 9/8/1677. Purcell. Tenement and plott of A lease for ye lives of Grace A lease for ye lives of Henry ground in ye Graig, to ye front Hunt, William Hunt, Samuell Rutlidge, Ellinor Rutlidge, east 46 foot, John Sumer's plott Watson. Tenements and plotts Nicholas Rutlidge. Tenement on ye north, and with John in ye Graig, viz; one parcel and plott in Castle Street, in ye Cullin's fields on ye west and having John Pagett's land on ye front south 79 foot, Highcroft's south. 25/3/1678. south, Sir John Devilier's on ye plott on ye east, churchyard on A lease for ye lives of Charles west, ye highway to Ballymoy­ ye north, and with waste Ellis, John Browne, Robert leran on ye north with a garden common ground on ye west. Browne. Tenement and half adjoining, alsoe two gardens of 9/8/1677. plott in Dublin Street, in ye front 130 foot eastward, with a croft backwards. 1219/1678. A lease for ye lives of Anne west 27 foot, ye land leading to Young, John Young, Jane Mosely's plott north 85 foot and A lease for ye lives of Edward Young. A small plott in east 85 foot, and Henry Seix his Jones, Mary Jones, Edward Jnr. Templecraney Lane having· on plott south. 13/4/1678. Meadows and pastures lands ye south ye churchyard and on A lease for ye lives of Laughlin part of ye Graige adjoining to ye all other sides the said lane. Doran, Patrick Doran, Margaret river Barrow south, 101112 acres. 9/8/1677. Doran. Those plotts of ground in 31/8/1680. A lease for ye lives of William ye Graig, formerly in the A lease for ye lives of Robert Good, John Good, Oliver Good. possession of William Pullin Browne, John Browne, William Tenement and plott in Castle except ye plott where ye Browne. Tenement or waste Street, in ye front south 22 foot, Lymekill is. 25/4/1678. plott in Tullagh Street, Edward Edward Carrell's plott on ye A lease for ye lives of Daniel Howes plott on ye east, Richard east, Blackmoore's Head Inne on Kelly, Patrick Doran, Hugh Griffin's on ye west. 16/8/1680. ye north, William Gardiner's Doran. Tenement and plott of A lease for ye lives of Richard plott on ye west. 9/8/1677. ground in ye Graige, in ye front Griffin, Joane Willeys, Sarah A lease for ye lives of Patrick eastwards 63 foot, Old Webb's Willeys. Tenement and plott in Higgins, John Higgins, Luke plott on ye south, Laurance Tullagh Street, a plott of ye said Higgins. Two tenements and McAbboy's on ye north, Richard on ye west, Garrett plotts in ye Graige, one having Killisheen land west.10/4/1678. Quigley's plott on ye north, and l\ George Reynolds garden on the A lease for ye lives of Margaret Robert Browne's on ye east. ' south, Thomas Keagan's garden Quinn, Anne Norris, Thomas 16/5/1680. on ye north, and in ye front east Spaigh. Tenement and house 110 foot, the other a waste plott plott in Burren Street, alsoe 10 • Continued page 29 27 Secretary's Report 1989-'90 By Sean O'Leary

Due to Hon. Secretary's illness, J.K.L. and his helpers who kept the this report is not as detailed as in On Thursday, December 8, Dr. museum open on Sundays when former years. Thomas McGrath, St. Patrick's a caretaker was not available. College, gave a talk entitled During the year it was learned NTERING the 1990s, "J.K.L. - Dr. James Doyle, that damage was being done to a the Old Carlow Society Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin, historical site in Kildrenagh, continues to hold its 1819-1834." He dealt with the Bagenalstown. The Board of E own amid the two manner in which Dr. Doyle ruled Works were notified and the hundred plus organisations in his diocese after the trials and farmer agreed to replace what Carlow. The membership is frustrations of The Penal Laws had been removed and to refrain steadily growing and the people and his attitude to the various from interference with the site. not only of the town but of the movements of his day. Mrs. Crombie said members whole county are taking a much should always be on the watch greater interest in the aims and 18th century in for damage to the environment. activities of the Society. The County Carlow A simple 'phone call to the lectures and outings were very B.O.W. will prevent irreparable well attended despite so very On Thursday, January 19, damage. many counter attractions. The 1989, Dr. Kevin Whelan of the Hon. Secretary S. O'Leary financial state of the Society was National Library gave a talk gave details of the year's never as good since its entitled "Co. Carlow in the 18th activities. foundation in 1946. There were Century" in which he described Hon. Treasurer Mrs. Fenlon unprecedented sales of Carlov­ how the people lived, worked and explained various items on iana this year. Within a month endured privation at that time, balance sheet. of publication very few copies of especially in his native Clonegal. Hon. Editor T. McGabhann the 1,000 produced were Pre-Christian said he was pleased with the available. The overseas requests Ireland demand for Carloviana. He for copies were particularly stressed the importance of noticeable. The County Museum On Thursday, February 16, having articles and photographs attracted hundreds of visitors Rev. Michael Rogers, Kiltegan, in good time. from all parts of Ireland and the gave a talk on Pre-Christian Chairman of the Museum world. All were loud in their Ireland - early settlers, how Committee, Alec Burns, said it praises of the variety of the they lived, remains left behind was a pity that Dr. P. Jones artefacts, the neatness and and the difficulties met by St. could not be retained for a cleanliness of each section of the Patrick in establishing Christ­ further year. exhibition and the excellence of ianity in a land of Paganism. Mr. Billy Ellis was compli­ the lighting system. We were India mented on being always ready very fortunate in securing the with his camera and projector. services of Mr. Patrick Whelan Mr. Martin Nevin, M.C.C., Officers and committee elected as Curator. He took a real was to have given a talk dealing are given on another page. personal interest in the place with the Leighlin District on Various suggestions for and was always busy with Thursday, March 30, but due to a outings were given to the in­ cleaner, polisher and duster to motor accident he was unable to coming committee to decide on ensure that the exhibits would do so. Mrs. Crombie kindly venues. stepped into the breach and on appeal to visitors. Pity he was Local sites only available for a year. Thursday, April 6, she gave a most interesting account On Sunday, May 1, for illustrated by a fine selection of Archaeological Sunday, and as Slides coloured slides of a holiday one of the events for Eigse The winter session opened on recently spent by her daughter, Ceatharloch, 1989, Mr. Thomas Thursday, October 27, 1988, Nollaig, and herself in the Clarke conducted a group in cars when Mr. William Ellis Himalayan Mountains. to various historical sites - presented another series of Orchard Cross, Ballyknockan slides of Co. Carlow. Certainly, A.G.M. Moate, Numey Cross, Kildrenagh Billy's collection of slides is The 43rd A.G.M. was held on Monastic Site and Cross, Stone really invaluable. Thursday, April 20, 1989. In her Fort at Rathgall, Moate address, chairperson, Mrs. V. Castlemore, Pre-Historical Crombie, said the A.G.M. was Buri1:1.l Site at Bawnogueasraid. Australia the time to look back over the On Thursday, November 17, past year and make plans for French Revolution Colonel Con Costello of Naas next year. Last year, in every Under the auspices of Carlow gave a talk entitled "The way, was most successful.Never French Club and the Old Carlow Transportation of Convicts from before had we such a large credit Society, Mr. Hugh Gough, Ireland To Australia." In the balance. To Hon. Treasurer, U.C.D., gave a lecture on Australian Bi-Centennial Year Mrs. Mona Fenlon, she paid Tuesday, May 23, in the Royal this talk was most appropriate. tribute and also to Alec Burns Hotel entitled "The Bi- 28 Centenary (1789-1989) of The Christian Brothers which he presented many French Revolution. valuable historical documents. The members of the O.C.S. Sincere sympathy is extended Louth deeply regret the departure of to our good friend, Billy Ellis, The Christian Brothers from OnSunday,June 11, there was who in the course of a couple of Carlow. A letter was sent to The months suffered three unexpected a full-day outing to Co. Louth. Superior, Brother Sriarian, Miss Maria Wilson of The Old bereavements. In June, his placing on record the members' nephew, Paul, died in a traffic Dundalk Society conducted the appreciation of the great work party on a tour of the town, the accident in London; a few weeks the Community has done for the later his brother, Aidan, died Cooley Peninsula, Carlingford educational, religious, cultural and Omeath. Lunch was in the suddenly while on holiday; and a and sporting development of short time later his brother, Hotel Imperial, Dundalk, and many generations of boys high tea in Carlingford. Brendan, died unexpectedly in during their 130 years in Carlow. Naas. Sacred Heart Home I measc na n-Aingeal i On Thursday evening, June bhFlaitheas De go raibh an 29, Mr. Alec Burns and Sr. Obituary ceatharar acu. Vianni, formerly Matron of the We were saddened to learn of Sacred Heart Home, conducted a the death of The Grand Old Man Thanks group through all the rooms in of the O.C.S., Major General In conclusion, I wish to thank that historic building and the James Lillis, who in his 90s very sincerely Mrs. M. Jordan, many other buildings in the passed to his Eternal Reward in St. Mary's Park; Alec Burns, grounds. The Sacred Heart Blackrock, Co. Dublin, on Bethany House; and James Home was recently vacated and December 23, 1988. James, a Moran, Burrin Street, for their patients transferred to the new native of Dublin Street, Carlow, co-operation with me in the Sacred Heart Hospital, Dublin had the distinction of making distribution of circulars in the Road. the arrangements for the town area thus helping to reduce South Carlow transferance of Carlow Military very considerably the cost of Barracks from the British Army postage. On Sunday, July 16, there was to the Free State Army in 1922. I should also like to thank The an afternoon outing to South One of the earliest members of Nationalist for publicising so Carlow. In Graignamanagh, the 0.C.S., he always took a deep effectively the activities of the Rev. Sean Swayne, P.P., gave a interest in its activities. He was a Old Carlow Society. most interesting account of regular visitor to the museum to October 14, 1989. Duiske Abbey. Mr. Moses Murphy, the noted local historian, conducted the party around the very many historical Carlow Leases features with which St. Mullin's is crowded and to beautiful • Continued from page 27 Gate containing 100 acres. Clashganny where a wonderful A lease for ye lives of Edward 25/9/1681. scheme of development is Harvey, Honora Harvey, Peter currently in progress. The local Harvey. Tenement and plott in All the above leases were branch of the LC.A. provided a Tullagh Street, on ye front south subject to certain conditions, as delicious tea for the visitors. 57 foot, Richard Griffin's plott follows, "that the lessees grinde on ye east, John Smith's on ye their corn at ye Lord's mills (Earl Tullam ore north, Masters, Harris, and of Thomond) and to build next On Sunday afternoon, August Sherlocks plotts on ye west. unto ye street two stories high 13, Tullamore was visited. 16/9/1680. with lime and stone and cover ye Members of the local Historical same with slate". Society acted af" guides to the A lease for ye lives of Patrick various places of interest in the Brogby, Matthew Brogby, town. The Carlovians were very Theady Magher. Tenement and The following appear to have impressed on the very efficient plott in Dublin Street, in ye front been yearly tenants: way the museum was organised. west 80 foot, Owen Feltham's James Carrell, a plott in Burren Locke's Distillery in Kilbeggan plott on ye north and east, and Street. and historic Durrow were also Edward Hunt's plott on ye south. Elias Best, Brien Byrne, Bear visited. 20/9/1680. Inne, in Dublin Street. John Dooling, a plott in Dublin Oak Park A lease for ye lives of William Street, called Highland's On Monday evening, September Cruchley, Luke Smith, Henry plott. 4, a group of members visited the Nicholls. The Mill Houses, Old Elizabeth Taylor, Guard House Old Burial Ground in Oak Park Mills, and Mill Seates on ye river on ye bridge, in ye Queen's where many members of the Burren, with liberty to bring ye county. Bruen and Best families are river Barrow into ye river John Pagett, ye first meadown interred and contains many Burren, and making a weare on in Graige. interesting monuments. This ye Barrow with ye benefits of the Edward Howes, 2nd meadow in burial ground has recently been fishing thereonto belonging. Graige. renovated under the direction of 25/9/1681. Edward Reynolds, 3rd meadow the Board of Works. A visit was A lease for ye lives of Richard in Graige. paid to Oak Park House which is Andrew, John Andrew, Edward Edward Reynolds, a waste plott now the headquarters of the Rochford. Two houses and house in Burren Street. Agricultural Development and plotts in Dublin Street, alsoe a Edward Reynolds, a plott in Research Institute. parcel of land without Dublin Back Lane. 29 Officers and Members of the Old Carlow Society 1989-90

President Dalton, Mrs. Eileen, Corries, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. His Lordship Most Rev. Dr. Patrick Lennon, Bishop of Kildare Daly, Mrs. Ann, Shelton Grove, Terenure, Dublin 6. & Leighlin. Darcy, Pat, Rathbawn, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Dempsey, Randal & Mrs., Braganza, Carlow. Life Vice-Presidents Denieffe, Mrs. M., 40 Oakley Park, Carlow. Mr. Liam Bergin, Nationalist & Leinster Times, Tullow Street, Dobbs, Thomas, Aclare, Myshall, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Dolan Hugh, 35 Oakley Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. Mr. Alec Burns, Bethany House, Carlow. Dooley, Anthony & Phil, 63 Highfield, Carlow. Dooley, Mrs. Mary, 14 St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow. Chairperson Doran, Alan & Angela, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Mrs. Veronica Crombie. Doran, Peter, Rathanna, Borris, Co. Carlow. Doyle, P. M., Newtown, Borris, Co. Carlow. Vice-Chairperson Doyle, Mrs. C., Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. Alex Burns. Doyle, Miss Nellie, Granby Row, Carlow. Doyle, Peadar & Ita, Monure, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Secretary Doyle, Thomas, Courtnellan, Borris, Co. Carlow. Sean O'Leary. Duggan, W. L. & K., College Street, Carlow.

Treasurer Ellis, William, Burrin Street, Carlow. Mrs. Mona Fenlon. Fenlon, Mrs. Mona, "Riverville", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Editor Fennell, Mrs. Eileen, Chapelstown, Carlow. Tomas MacGabhann. FitzGerald, George, Hanover, Carlow. FitzMaurice, Mrs. B., Laurel Lodge, Carlow. COMMITTEE Flynn, Miss B., Burrin Street, Carlow. Mrs. P. Maddock, Mrs. J. O'Neill, Miss I. MacLeod, Miss D. Coughlan, Miss M. Kearney, Miss R. Murphy. Messrs. S. Governey, Francis, Pollerton, Carlow. Murphy, K. Kennedy, M. Murphy, T. Doyle, E. McDonald, T. Greco1, John 17210 Dartmouth A venue, N. W. Cleveland, Ohio, Clarke. 4411 U.S.A.

Auditors Hade, Miss P., Killeshin Road, Carlow. Mrs. B. Nolan, Miss B. Keyes. Harding, Rev. B., St. John's, Kilkenny. Haughney, Eamon, Pollerton Road, Carlow. Delegates to the Historical Advisory Committee of Carlow Healy, Pat, Pollerton Castle, Carlow. County Council Healy, R., College Street, Carlow. Seamus Murphy, Thomas Clarke. Herriot, Miss Kathleen, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Hickey, Miss Helen, Bolton Hill, Moone, Co. Kildare. Museum Committee Horohan, Mrs. M., Coolanowle, Ballickmoyler, Carlow. Miss R. Murphy, Messrs. A. Burns, S. Murphy, P. Maddock, K. Hughes, Mrs. Edward, Ballinabranna, Milford, Co. Carlow. Kennedy. Jones, Dr. Patrick, Staplestown Road, Carlow. Jordan, Andrew, R.N.T., Myshall, Co. Carlow. MEMBERS Jordan, Mrs. M., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. Alcock, Noel, 46 Staunton Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Jordan, Mrs., 9 Roncalli Place, Carlow. Joyce, John & Mrs., Whitehall House, Graignamanagh, Co. Kilkenny. Bagenal, J. S., Leaside, Hertingfordbury, Hertford, Herts., England. Bayliss, Mrs. P., S6A C13, R.R. 5 Vernon, British Columbia, Kavanagh, Peter, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Canada VIT648. Keane, Mrs. Ethel, John Street, Carlow. Boyce, M. J., Braganza, Carlow. Kearney, Misses A. & M., 104 Green Road, Carlow. Brady, Mrs. B., Beann Ard, Borris, Co. Carlow. Kearney, Simon, Kilnock, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Brennan, Mrs. M., St. Lazerian's, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Kehoe, Mrs., 54 Oakley Park, Tullow Road, Carlow. Brennan, Michael & Mrs., 2 Burrin Road, Carlow. Kehoe, James & Mrs., Rathvinden, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Brennan, Mrs., Kilcoltrim, Borris, Co. Carlow. Kehoe, Thomas, Dublin Street, Carlow. Brooks, Mr. & Mrs. W. "Highfield", Dublin Road, Carlow. Kelly, Mrs. N., 20 Riverside, Carlow. Buckley, Mrs. Anne, 2165 Dant Boulevard, Reno, Nevada 895 Kennedy, Edward, Kyleballyhue, Carlow. 09U.S.A. Kennedy, Kevin, 6 Oakley Park, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Burns, Alec, Bethany House, Carlow. Keogh, John, 56 Dublin Road, Tullow, Co. Carlow. Burns, C. & J., "Malasha", Killeshin Road, Carlow. Keyes, Miss B., 178 Duggan Avenue, Graiguecullen, Carlow. Butler, Thomas & Mrs., 141 Leytonstone, Stratford, London EIS lLH. Lennon, Mrs. M., Tullow Street, Carlow. Byrne, Mrs. A., Barrack Street, Carlow. Lillis, T. J. & Mrs., Lumclone House, Fenagh, Co. Carlow. Byrne, Rev. J., St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Little, Mrs. P., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Byrne, Larry, Bahanna, St. Mullins, Co. Carlow. McDonald, Mrs. A. Little Barrack Street, Carlow. Carbery, Dan & family, Green Road, Carlow. McDonald, Edward, Clonmore, Hacketstown, Co. Carlow. Clarke, Thomas, St. Clare's Road, Graiguecullen, Carlow. McDonald, Joseph, "Robin Hill", Oak Park, Carlow. Coen, Mrs. S., Kilkenny Road, Carlow. McDonnell, Mrs. Carmel, "Barnagree", Tullow Road, Carlow. Connolly, Mrs. T., Balyfoyle, Maganey, Co. Kildare. McDonnell, Rev. Thomas, St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Conroy, Mrs., St. Mary's Park, Carlow. McEvoy, Rev., St. Patrick's College, Carlow. Coogan, John & Mrs., Castlemore, Tullow, Co. Carlow. McKenna, Fay & Mrs., Granby Row, Carlow. Corcoran, Mrs. B., 132 J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow. MacLeod, Miss Iona, Braganza, Carlow. Coughlan, Miss D., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Crombie, Mrs. V., Pembroke, Carlow. Maddock, Patrick & Mrs., 173 Fr. Maher Road, Graiguecullen, Cummins, Mrs. J., Dublin Road, Carlow. Carlow. Cunnane, Very Rev. Canon James, Our Lady of the Taper Maguire, Mrs. E., Dublin Road, Carlow. Church, Cardigan. Mealy, Fonsie, The Square, Castlecomer, Co. Kilkenny. 30 Catherlough County

1660. "Thomas Weston, Thomas and an order was obtained being honest and industrious Chaunders, Henry Rose, and from the Rulers (the Lord men), and caused a Bill of nine more Friends for meeting Justices) of the nation for Indictment to be drawn up together in the Fear of the their Enlargement and against them, and (for Lord, in Catherlough, were shewed to the County meeting together as aforesaid apprehended by order of John Justices, who refused to to worship God) were by the Masters, present Portgreve, release Friends. And at the said Judge fined £300". and without Examination or following Assizes, Friends Extract from "A Compendious View of Mittimus, committed to were brought before Judge some Sufferings of the People, called Prison till the next Sessions, Alexander, who reviled them, Quakers, both in person and Substance in the Kingdom of Ireland, from the 1665 and then indicted, and by calling them Rogues, Rascals, to the end of the reign ofKing George the the jury found not guilty; yet Villains, etc. (which is well First". on pretence of Fees, were kept known to their neighbours Printed by, Samuel Fuller, at the Prisoners several months, that they are no such persons, Globe, in Meath St., Dublin. 1713. Members - Continued

Minchin, Mrs. Margaret, Coolnacuppogue, Carries, O'Leary, Paula, "Arns na Greine", Montgomery Street, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. Carlow. Moore, Mrs. P., Montgomery Street, Carlow. O'Leary, Sean & Eileen, "Arns na Greine", Montgomery Moran James, Burrin Street, Carlow. Street, Carlow. Mulvey, Mrs. Kathleen, Caldwell Av., Middle Village 11379 Oliver, James & Mrs., "Carraig Rua", Kilkenny Road, Carlow. New York, U.S.A. Oliver, Richard, J., 1024 Fox River Drive, De Pere, Wis. 54115. Murphy, Miss Mary, Knockmulderry, Ballymurphy, Co. O'Meara, David, Little Sark, Ansford, Castle Cary, Someret, Carlow. BA7 7PD, England. Murphy, Moses, "Slievedurda", Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Neill, John & Mrs., "Broomvilla", Ardattin, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Miss Nora, 10 Woodlawns, Borris, CO. Carlow. O'Neill, Miss Mary, 167 Colclough Avenue, Graiguecullen, Murphy, Miss Rose, Kennedy Street, Carlow. Carlow. Murphy, Seamus & Mrs., Pollerton Little, Carlow. O'Neill, Maurice, Kilmurray, Ballon, Co. Carlow. Murphy, Simon, Ballybeg, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Neill, Patrick, 47 Ashgrove, Tullow Road, Carlow. Murray, Mrs. Madge, 25 Dublin Street, Carlow. O'Shea, Rev. P., C.C., Clonegal, Co. Carlow. Ratusky, Mrs. M., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Nevin, Martin, Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Reddy, Mrs. M., Rathanna, Borris, Co. Carlow. Nolan, Brendan & Mrs., Burrin Street, Carlow. Redmond, Mrs. C., "Silverdale", Crossneen, Carlow. Nolan, Miss Chrissie, Burrin Street, Carlow. Redmond, Miss Elizabeth, "Silverdale," Crossneen, Carlow. Nolan, J. J., 27 East Court Street, Iowa City, U.S.A. Redmond, Thomas J. & family, Oak Park, Carlow. Nolan, Mrs. K., 32 Kernanstown, Bennekerry, Carlow. Rice, Mrs. M., Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. Nolan, Martin, Ballyfoyle, Dunmore, Co. Kilkenny. Rossiter, Mrs., 6 Roncalli Avenue, Carlow. Norton, Dr. E. Westgate End House, Wakefield, West Yorkshire, England. Shaughnessy, Miss Breda, Railway Terrace, Borris, Co. Carlow. Sheehan, Miss Eileen, 119 Upperfield Road, Welwyn Garden City, Herts., England. O'Broin, An tAthair, Breandan, S.P., Tulach, Co. Ceatharloch. Sheehan, Richard, Dunleckney, Bagenalstown, Co. Carlow. O'Connell, Miss Maureen, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Slater, Val., 39 Sycamore Road, Rathnapish, Carlow. O'Connell, Michael, Lacken House, Borris, Co. Carlow. Smyth, Miss Mary, Sleaty, Carlow. O'Connor, Mrs. E., Borris, Co. Carlow. Smyth, Thomas, Sleaty, Carlow. O'Dea, P. & Mrs., Killeshin Road, Carlow. Swayne, Very Rev. Sean, P.P., Graignamanagh, Co. Kilkenny. O'Hara, Mrs. Ann, Frederick Avenue, Carlow. O'Hare, P. J. & Mrs., Leighlinbridge, Co. Carlow. Tyrell, Miss Patricia, Main Street, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Leary, Angela, "Arns na Greine", Montgomery Street, Carlow. Walsh, Mrs. Bridie, Glass House, Borris, Co. Carlow. O'Leary, Maria, "Arns na Greine", Montgomery Street, Whelan, Sean & Mrs., Montgomery Street, Carlow. Carlow. Wright, Mr. W., Castledermot Road, Tullow, Co. Carlow.

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BANK OF IRELAND POTATO MARKET LEIX PHARMACY Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today GOVERNEY SQUARE, CARLOW. Phone 31341 Manager: Frank Holden OGLESBY AND Bl)TLER LTD. O'BRIEN TRAVEL LTD. INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW. DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW Telephone: 0503-31613. Telex: 33006 MANUFACTURERS OF PORTASOL SOLDERING IRONS & EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS IN PONE 0503/43333 AIR AND SEA TRAVEL SECURE YOUR HOME JACK McDONALD Call and see our full range of Security Locks and NEW & USED TRACTORS Fittings at our Showroom CROSSNEEN, CARLOW. Phone 31455 FLIGHT HAWK SECURITY LTD. MILLVIEW HOUSE, GRAIGUECULLEN. DAN MORRISSEY LTD. ORGAN LESSONS for all ages at the BENNEKERRY 31464, GRANGEFORD 46629, YAMAHA MUSIC SCHOOL CLONMELSH 46142 Barrack St., Carlow Readymix Concrete * Concrete Products * Ground Limestone * Rockford Tiles HENNESSY'S MUSIC CENTRE. Phone 42402.

SEAN & MICHAEL BYRNE DARCYS Publican & Grocer FURNITURE AND CARPETS GLYNN, ST. MULLINS 33-35 TULLOW ST., CARLOW "Don't Pass, Call" BOB'S YOUR UNCLE CLUB, CARLOW £500 IN PRIZES - 50p per week THE NATIONALIST & LEINSTER TIMES See your promoter or call to The Repository, College St. Printers and Publishers Further details contact Joe Matthews. Phone 0503143181 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW Proceeds in- aid of Parish Funds. Bankers Orders available. THE IRISHMAN'S BANK OF IRELAND (Prop .. J. J. Hargaden) COURT PLACE COURT PLACE, CARLOW. Phone No. 31171 Wines and Spirits Invest in your future - Save with Bank of Ireland today HIGH-CLASS LOUNGES AND BARS Manager: EAMONN DELANEY JAMES JONES LTD. PEADAR DOYLE 30 TULLOW STREET LONDIS SUPERMARKET, Top value in Irish made footwear always available GRAIGUECULLEN. Phone 31179 at keenest prices Open to 6.30 p.m. every day

BOSCO'S RATHCROGUE HOUSE, CARLOW 132 TULLOW ST., CARLOW. (Phone 31093) THE ACACIA ROOMS RESTAURANT Quality Meat, Fish and Poultry OPEN SEVEN NIGHTS 5 - MIDNIGHT. ALSO NITE BITE MENU 4 p.m to 11 p.m. We are the specialists. Don't settle for less' SUNDAY LUNCH 12.30 - 3 p.m.

O'DWYER'S PHARMACY - M. J. REIDY LTD., GARAGE DUBLIN ROAD, CARLOW TULLOW ST., CARLOW. Phone 31467 TOYOTA & B.M.W. DEALER

Clothing of Traditional Quality and BERNARD JENNINGS, F.A.0.1. Fashionable Look OPHTHALMIC OPTICIAN HANLEY'S 3 DUBLIN STREET, CARLOW. HOUSE for MEN Phone 0503/43808 CARLOW Jl! S.1/8/HX3 :/0 3DNtfl:J 30/M 3H.1 M3/II ·w· d oc·s 01 oc·~ (03.ld38X3 A 'v'ONOV\I) Auea uado MOIJB~ 'IIBH UMO! WG3SGW A\O'IHVC> A~NGOC>