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Eastern Grey Kangaroos Have your say The ACT Government welcomes comments on this draft plan. To make comments: Visit: www.environment.act.gov.au Email: [email protected] Post: Controlled native species management Environment Division PO Box 521 Canberra ACT 2601 Comments can be made until 24 March 2017 All comments will be taken into consideration during preparation of the final plan. The final plan will be considered by the ACT Government in 2017. Privacy Before making a submission to this draft plan, please review the Environment, Planning and Sustainability Directorate’s privacy policy and annex. Any personal information received in the course of your submission will be used only for the purposes of this community engagement process. Names of organisations may be included in any subsequent consultation report, but all individuals will be de- identified unless prior approval is gained. © Australian Capital Territory, Canberra 2017 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without written permission from: Director General, Environment, Planning and Sustainability Directorate, ACT Government, GPO Box 158, Canberra, ACT 2601. Telephone: 02 6207 1923 Website the ACT Government – Planning website. Printed on recycled paper Accessibility The ACT Government is committed to making its information, services, events and venues as accessible as possible. If you have difficulty reading a standard printed document and would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, such as large print, please phone Access Canberra on 13 22 81 or email the Environment, Planning and Sustainability Directorate at mail to: [email protected] If English is not your first language and you require a translating and interpreting service, please phone 13 14 50. If you are deaf, or have a speech or hearing impairment, and need the teletypewriter service, please phone 13 36 77 and ask for Access Canberra on 13 22 81. For speak and listen users, please phone 1300 555 727 and ask for Access Canberra on 13 22 81. For more information on these services, visit the National Relay Service page. 1 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 4 2 PURPOSE OF THIS MANAGEMENT PLAN .......................................................... 6 2.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Purpose of the management plan ...................................................................... 6 2.3 Implementation of the management plan ......................................................... 7 3 KANGAROOS IN THE ACT ................................................................................. 9 3.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Species description ............................................................................................. 9 3.3 Species distribution ............................................................................................. 9 3.4 Conservation status ............................................................................................ 9 3.5 Biology and ecology - summary ........................................................................ 10 3.6 Habitat ............................................................................................................... 11 3.7 Impacts of Eastern Grey Kangaroos ................................................................. 11 3.8 Environmental impacts ..................................................................................... 12 3.8.1 Extinction processes ........................................................................................... 13 3.8.2 Conservation of grassy ecological communities and species............................. 14 3.8.3 Impacts of high density populations of Eastern Grey Kangaroos on fauna species ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.8.4 Impacts of high density populations of kangaroos on flora species .................. 21 3.8.5 Impacts of high density populations of kangaroos on ecosystem function ....... 23 3.9 Economic impacts ............................................................................................. 24 3.9.1 Impacts of kangaroos on rural and other lands ................................................. 24 3.9.2 Impacts of kangaroos on government horse paddocks ..................................... 25 3.9.3 Impacts of collisions between vehicles and kangaroos ..................................... 26 3.10 Social impacts.................................................................................................... 27 4 GOALS, PRINCIPLES AND POLICIES .................................................................. 28 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 28 4.2 Principles ........................................................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Evidence-based management ............................................................................ 29 4.3 Policies .............................................................................................................. 29 4.3.1 Kangaroo welfare ............................................................................................... 29 4.3.2 Managing interactions between humans and kangaroos .................................. 34 4.3.3 Managing kangaroo densities ............................................................................ 35 4.3.4 Managing captive populations ........................................................................... 41 5 MANAGING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF KANGAROOS IN GRASSY ECOSYSTEMS .................................................................................................. 43 5.1 The conservation culling program in the ACT .................................................. 43 5.2 The purpose of the conservation culling program ........................................... 45 5.3 Grassland target densities .............................................................................. 45 5.3.1 Allowing for other forms of herbage mass removal .......................................... 46 5.3.2 Kangaroo Management Units ............................................................................ 46 5.4 Area specific management policies .................................................................. 47 5.4.1 Public Land ......................................................................................................... 48 5.4.2 National Land ..................................................................................................... 50 5.4.3 Greenfield development sites ............................................................................ 50 5.4.4 Other land .......................................................................................................... 51 2 6 MANAGING ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPACTS OF FREE RANGING KANGAROOS .................................................................................................. 52 6.1 Kangaroo management on rural lands ............................................................. 52 6.1.1 Kangaroo movement between government managed land and rural leases.... 53 6.2 Kangaroo management on government horse paddocks ................................ 54 6.3 Commercial kangaroo harvesting and utilisation of carcasses ........................ 55 6.4 Vehicle collisions and collision avoidance ........................................................ 57 APPENDIX 1: Methods used to estimate kangaroo densities .................................. 61 APPENDIX 2: Kangaroo Density Estimates since 2010 ............................................ 63 GLOSSARY ............................................................................................................. 66 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 69 FIGURES Figure 1 Kangaroo population in the Australian commercial harvest zones ....................... 10 Figure 2 Abundance of Grassland Earless Dragons (GED, left axis) and kangaroos (EGK, right axis) at Majura Training Area ......................................................................... 18 Figure 3 EGK densities and culls on two sites ...................................................................... 37 Figure 4 Example of a Kangaroo Management Unit, showing multiple land tenures. ........ 47 TABLES Table 1 Key features of biology and ecology ...................................................................... 10 Table 2 Summary of impacts from Eastern Grey Kangaroos (from ACT 2010) ................... 12 Table 3 Extinction processes in lowland grasslands and grassy woodlands ....................... 13 Table 4 Summary of research on the effects of kangaroo grazing on biodiversity, based on field work in the ACT and published since the publication of the 2010 plan. ........ 15 Table 5 Habitat requirements for threatened fauna species in ACT native grassy ecosystems and significance of kangaroo impacts................................................. 20 Table 6 Habitat requirements for threatened flora species in ACT native grassy
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