H11830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE November 9, 1999 PERIODIC REPORT ON NATIONAL Mr. Rosenthal ended a run of nearly 13 journalists’ careers. But he also undid some. EMERGENCY WITH RESPECT TO years on the newspaper’s Op-Ed page with a Even now, years after his editorship, his de- SUDAN—MESSAGE FROM THE column that appears today, looking back on fenders and his attackers talk about him PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED a career that made him one of the most in- with equal vehemence. fluential figures in American journalism in Mr. Rosenthal agreed yesterday that peo- STATES (H. DOC. NO. 106–157) the last half of this century. ple tended not to be neutral about him. The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- ‘‘I’ve seen happier days,’’ he acknowledged Many will be saddened by his departure from fore the House the following message in an interview. The Times. ‘‘And,’’ he said, ‘‘there’ll be peo- ple dancing.’’ from the President of the United But there was one word that he said he would never use to describe his new status. His column on the Op-Ed page, which first States; which was read and, together Don’t dare to whisper ‘‘retirement,’’ he said, appeared on Jan. 6, 1987, often stirred similar with the accompanying papers, without recalling what Barbara Walters, an old emotions among readers. Over the years, re- objection, referred to the Committee friend, told him a few weeks ago when it be- curring themes emerged: ’s security on International Relations and ordered came clear that his weekly column, ‘‘On My needs, human rights violations around the to be printed: Mind,’’ was near an end. world, this country’s uphill war against ‘‘She said to me, ‘But Abe, you’re starting drugs. To the Congress of the United States: fresh,’ ’’ he said, ‘‘And I suddenly realized, of He focused on those themes once more for As required by section 401(c) of the course I was. Then I realized that I’m not his final column. Then he turned to the mun- National Emergencies Act, 50 U.S.C. going alone. I’m taking my head with me. dane task of packing up mementos as well as 1641(c) and section 204(c) of the Inter- I’m going to stay alive intellectually.’’ memories. Off the wall came a framed gov- Mr. Rosenthal, 77 and universally known as ernment document from the 1950’s attesting national Emergency Economic Powers that the Canadian had become an American. Act (IEEPA), 50 U.S.C. 1703(c), I trans- Abe, said he intended to continue ‘‘writing journalistically,’’ though at this point he It was, he said with a cough to beat back ris- mit herewith a 6-month periodic report had no specific plans. ‘‘I want to remain a ing emotions, among his most valuable pos- on the national emergency with re- columnist,’’ he said. sessions. spect to Sudan that was declared in Ex- There was an unmistakable end-of-an-era ecutive Order 13067 of November 3, 1997. feel to the announcement yesterday that Mr. [From , Nov. 5, 1999] A.M. ROSENTHAL OF THE NEW YORK TIMES WILLIAM J. CLINTON. Rosenthal would leave a newspaper that, The departure of a valued colleague from THE WHITE HOUSE, November 5, 1999. family aside, had been his life. Indeed, dur- ing his 17 years as its chief editor, until he The New York Times is not, as a rule, occa- f stepped down in 1986 with the title of execu- sion for editorial comment. But the appear- TRIBUTE TO A.M. ROSENTHAL tive editor, ‘‘Rosenthal’’ and ‘‘The Times’’ ance today of A.M. Rosenthal’s last column were pretty much synonyms for many read- on the Op-Ed page requires an exception. Mr. (Mr. WOLF asked and was given per- ers—often, though not always, with their ap- Rosenthal’s life and that of this newspaper mission to address the House for 1 proval. have been braided together over a remark- minute and to revise and extend his re- Abraham Michael Rosenthal brought raw able span—from World War II to the turning marks.) intelligence and enormous passion to the job, of the millennium. His talent and passionate Mr. WOLF. Mr. Speaker, I rise today qualities that were apparent from his first ambition carried him on a personal journey to express our appreciation for the days at The Times, as a part-time campus from City College correspondent to executive editor, and his equally passionate devotion service that has been given to our correspondent at City College in the 1940’s. The college was tuition-free in those days, to quality journalism made him one of the country and to the world by A.M. and a good thing, too, said Mr. Rosenthal, principal architects of the modern New York Rosenthal. who was born in Canada and grew up in pov- Times. This past Friday was Mr. Rosenthal’s erty in . ‘‘Free tuition was more Abe Rosenthal began his career at The last day at the New York Times. Mr. than I could afford,’’ he said yesterday. Times as a 21-year-old cub reporter scratch- Rosenthal had a distinguished career After becoming a full-time reporter in 1944, ing for space in the metropolitan report, and at the New York Times beginning his he covered the fledgling United Nations. he ended it as an Op-Ed page columnist noted for his commitment to political and tenure at the Times at age 21. He left Then, from 1954 to 1963, he was a foreign cor- respondent, based in India, Poland and religious freedom. In between he served as a his imprimatur on journalism and on Japan. Covering India was a personal high correspondent at the United Nations and was the world through his opinion columns point. But it was in Poland, whose Com- based in three foreign countries winning a that exposed many cases of human munist rulers expelled him in 1959, that he Pulitzer Price in 1960 for his reporting from rights violations and religious persecu- won a Pulitzer Prize. Poland. He came home in 1963 to be metro- tion. It was also where he wrote an article for politan editor. In that role and in higher po- Mr. Rosenthal was not afraid to The New York Times Magazine that, among sitions, he became a tireless advocate of speak truth to tyranny. He wrote un- the thousands he produced, contained a pas- opening the paper to the kind of vigorous writing and deep reporting that character- abashedly and boldly for those who suf- sage that some quote to this day. He had been to the Nazi death camp at Auschwitz. ized his own work. As managing editor and fered under egregious and appalling sit- ‘‘And so,’’ he wrote, ‘‘there is no news to executive editor, Abe Rosenthal was in uations, while others remained silent. report from Auschwitz. There is merely the charge of The Times’s news operations for a Mr. Rosenthal addressed a wide spec- compulsion to write something about it, a total of 17 years. trum of tyranny and never backed compulsion that grows out of a restless feel- Of his many contributions as an editor, down. His wise words were the finest ing that to have visited Auschwitz and then two immediately come to mind. One was his examples of speaking truth to abuses of turned away without having said or written role in the publication of the Pentagon Pa- power. His column spoke truth for the anything would be a most grievous act of pers, the official documents tracing a quar- discourtesy to those who died there.’’ ter-century of missteps that entangled voiceless, freedom and liberty for the The passion in that paragraph carried into America in the Vietnam War. Though hardly oppressed. His pen was truly mightier his time as editor. alone among Times editors, Mr. Rosenthal than the sword. Natan Sharansky, On his watch, in 1971, The Times published was instrumental in mustering the argu- Harry Wu, Andrei Sakharov, and the so-called Pentagon Papers, a secret gov- ments that led to the decision by our then countless brave others have him to ernment history of the Vietnam War. That publisher, Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, to pub- thank for stirring world opinion into led to a landmark Supreme Court decision lish the archive. That fateful decision helped forcing their freedom. upholding the primacy of the press over gov- illustrate the futile duplicity of American Mr. Speaker, I include the following ernment attempts to impose ‘‘prior re- policy in Vietnam, strengthened the press’s straint’’ on what it may print. First Amendment guarantees and reinforced articles for the RECORD: Under Mr. Rosenthal, the once ponderous The Times’s reputation as a guardian of the [From the New York Times, Nov. 5, 1999] Times became a far livelier paper. Major in- public interest. WRITER-EDITOR ENDS A 55-YEAR RUN novations were quickly copied at other news- The second achievement, more institu- papers, notably special sections on lifestyles tional in nature, was Mr. Rosenthal’s central A FINAL COLUMN FOR THE TIMES, BUT DON’T and science that were introduced in the role in transforming The times from a two- SAY RETIREMENT 1970’s. But his biggest accomplishment, in section to a four-section newspaper with the (By Clyde Haberman) his view, was keeping ‘‘the paper straight,’’ introduction of a separate business section After 55 years as a reporter, foreign cor- which meant keeping the news columns free and new themed sections like SportsMonday, respondent, editor and columnist, A.M. of writing that he felt stumbled into edi- Weekend and Science Times. Though a jour- Rosenthal spent his last working day at The torial judgment. nalist of the old school, Abe Rosenthal New York times yesterday packing up his On that score, he did not lack for critics. grasped that such features were necessary to memories the only way he knew how: by With his passion came dark moods and a broaden the paper’s universe of readers. He writing about them. soaring temper. Mr. Rosenthal made many insisted only that the writing, editing and

VerDate 29-OCT-99 06:33 Nov 10, 1999 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00124 Fmt 7634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\K09NO7.229 pfrm02 PsN: H09PT1 November 9, 1999 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE H11831 article selection measure up to The Times’s to cause unnecessary cruelty, to run their and Jews, pays almost no attention, and that traditional standards. rings across anybody’s face for the pleasure plain disgusts me. By his own admission, Abe Rosenthal could of it—and that goes for critics, too. The lassitude about Chinese Communist be ferocious in his pursuit and enforcement When you finish a story, I would say, read brutalities is part of the most nasty Amer- of those standards. Sometimes, indeed, de- it, substitute your name for the subject’s. If ican reality of this past half-century. Never bate about his management style competed you say, well, it would make me miserable, before have the U.S. government, business for attention with his journalistic achieve- make my wife cry, but it has no innuendo, no and public been willing, eager really, to ments. But the scale of this man’s editorial unattributed pejorative remarks, no slap in praise and enrich tyranny, to crawl before it, accomplishments has come more fully into the face for joy of slapping, it is news, not to endanger our martial technology—and all focus since he left the newsroom in 1986. It is gutter gossip, and as a reporter I know the of the hope (vain) of trade profit. now clear that he seeded the place with tal- writer was fair, then give it to the copy desk. America is going through plump times. ent and helped ensure that future genera- If not, try again—we don’t want to be your But economic strength is making us weaker tions of Times writers and editors would hew cop. in head and soul. We accept back without to the principles of quality journalism. Sometimes I have a nightmare that on a penalty a president who demeaned himself Born in Canada, Mr. Rosenthal developed a certain Wednesday—why Wednesday I don’t and us. We rain money on a Politburo that deep love for and a fierce af- know—The Times disappeared forever. I must rule by terror lest it lose its collective fection for the democratic values and civil wake trembling; I know this paper could head. I cannot promise to change all that. But I liberties of his adopted country. For the last never be recreated. I will never tremble for can say that I will keep trying and that I 13 years, his lifelong interest in foreign af- the loss of any publication that has no en- thank God for (a) making me an American fairs and his compassion for victims of polit- forced ethic of fairness. citizen, (b) giving me that college-boy job on ical, ethnic or religious oppression in Tibet, Starting fresh—the idea frightened me. The Times, and (c) handing me the oppor- China, Iran, Africa and Eastern Europe Then I realized I was not going alone. I tunity to make other columnists kick them- formed the spine of his Op-Ed columns. His would take my brain and decades of selves when they see what I am writing, in strong, individualistic views and his bedrock newspapering with me. And I understood this fresh start of my life. journalistic convictions have informed his many of us had done that on the paper—mov- work as reporter, editor and columnist. His ing from one career to another. BOSTON UNIVERSITY, voice will continue to be a force on the First I was a stringer from City College, Boston, MA, January 14, 1999. issues that engaged him. And his commit- my most important career move. It got me THE PULITZER PRIZE BOARD, ment to journalism as an essential element inside a real paper and paid real money. in a democratic society will abide as part of Columbia University, New York, NY. Twelve dollars a week. at a time when City’s DEAR SIRS: we respectfully nominate A.M the living heritage of the newspaper he loved free tuition was more than I could afford. Rosenthal for the 1998 Pultizer Prize for and served for more than 55 years. My second career was as a reporter in New commentary, based on his columns dealing York, with a police press pass, which cops [From the New York Times, Nov. 5, 1999] with the persecution of religious minorities were forever telling me to shove in my ear. around the world. We believe that such an ON MY MIND: A.M. ROSENTHAL I got a two-week assignment at the brand- award would be particularly fitting, coming PLEASE READ THIS COLUMN! new United Nations, and stayed eight years, as it would on the 50th anniversary of the On Jan. 6, 1987, when The New York Times until got what I lusted for—a foreign post. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. printed my first column, the headline I had I served The Times in Communist Poland, The Rosenthal columns were the first, re- written was: ‘‘Please Read This Column!’’ It for the first time encountering the suffo- main the dominate, and until recently, were was not just one journalist’s message of the cating intellectual blanket that is Com- the singular media voices on the subject of day, but every writer’s prayer—come know munism’s great weapon. In due time I was worldwide religious persecution. They were me. thrown out. instrumental in redefining the human rights Sometimes I wanted to use it again. But I But mostly it was Asia. The four years in agenda to include the interests of religious was smitten by seizures of modesty and de- India excited me then and forever. Rosen- believers in general and vulnerable Christian cided twice might be a bit showy. Now I have thal, King of the Khyber Pass! communities in particular. They energized a the personal and journalistic excuse to set it After nine years as a foreign cor- broad interfaith movement previously lack- down one more time. respondent, somebody decided I was too ing in knowledge about or confidence in This is the last column I will write for The happy in and nagged me into going their ability to speak up for the rights of Times and my last working day on the paper. home to be an editor. At first I did not like persecuted religious minorities. They built I have no intention of stopping writing, it, but I came to enjoy editing—once I be- bridges of trust between religious and sec- journalistically or otherwise. And I am came the top editor, Rosenthal, King of the ular human rights organizations, between buoyed by the knowledge that I will be start- Hill! Tibetan Buddhist, Baha’i, Jewish, Catholic, ing over. When I stepped down from that job, I start- Evangelical and Mainline Protestant groups. Still, who could work his entire journal- ed all over again as a Times Op-Ed col- They powerfully expanded the reach of istic career—so far—for one paper and not umnist, paid to express my own opinions. If America’s human rights policies. leave with sadnesses, particularly when the I had done that as a reporter or editor deal- The Rosenthal columns or religious perse- paper is The Times? Our beloved, proud New ing with the news, I would have broken read- cution began in 1997, but their culminating York Times—ours, not mine or theirs, or ers’ trust that the news would be written and impact occurred during this year. The first yours, but ours, created by the talents and played straight. and last 1998 columns, ‘‘Feeling Clean endeavor of its staff, the faithfulness of the Straight does not mean dull. It means Again’’ (February 6), ‘‘Gift for Americans’’ publishing family and, as much as anything straight. If you don’t know what that means, (November 27), and ‘‘Keeping the Spotlight’’ else, by the ethics and standards of its read- you don’t belong on this paper. Clear? (December 25), broadly validated the moral ers and their hunger for ever more informa- As a columnist, I discovered that there and political premises of the movement tion, of a range without limit. were passions in me I had not been aware of, against religious persecution, and defined its Arrive in a foreign capital for the first lying under the smatterings of knowledge agenda. Such 1998 Rosenthal columns as ‘‘A time, call a government minister and give about everything that I had to collect as ex- Tour of China’’ (March 13) and ‘‘Judgment of just your name. Ensues iciness. But add ‘‘of ecutive editor—including hockey and deben- Beijing’’ (July 3), forced the U.S.-China sum- the New York Times,’’ and you expect to be tures, for heaven’s sake. mit meeting to deal with the persecution of invited right over and usually are; nice. Mostly the passions had to do with human house church Christians and Tibetan Bud- ‘‘Our proud New York Times’’—sounds ar- rights, violations of—like African women dhists to a far greater degree than either rogant and is a little, why not? But the pride having their genitals mutilated to keep government wished. The outrage expressed is individual as well as institutional. For them virgin, and Chinese and Tibetan polit- by Mr. Rosenthal in his May 1 column, members of the staff, news and business, the ical prisoners screaming their throats raw. ‘‘Clinton’s Fudge Factory,’’ leveraged the pride is in being important to the world’s I wrote with anger at drug legitimizers and story of New York Times correspondent best paper—and hear?—and being able to rationalizers, helping make criminals and Elaine Sciolino into a reshaped, reenergized stretch its creative reach. And there is pride destroying young minds, all the while with political debate over religious persecution knowing that even if we are not always hon- nauseating sanctimony. legislation. See also his April 24 column, est enough with ourselves to achieve fair- As a correspondent, it was the Arab states, ‘‘Clinton Policies Explained.’’ Mr. Rosen- ness, that is what we promise the readers, not Israel, that I wanted to cover. But they thal’s May 12 column, ‘‘The Simple Ques- and the standard to which they must hold us. did not welcome resident Jewish correspond- tion,’’ framed the House debate on the Free- I used to tell new reporters: The Times is ents. As a columnist, I felt fear for the whit- dom From Religious Persecution Act and far more flexible in writing styles than you tling away of Israel strength by the Israelis, played an instrumental role in the over- might think, so don’t button up your vest and still do. whelming House vote that adopted it. His and go all stiff on us. But when it comes to I wrote about the persecution of Christians August 7 and October 2 columns, ‘‘Freedom the foundation—fairness—don’t fool around in China. When people, in astonishment, From Religious Persecution: The Struggle with it, or we will come down on you. asked why, I replied, in astonishment, be- Continues’’ and ‘‘They Will Find Out,’’ Journalists often have to hurt people, just cause it is happening, because the world, in- played key roles in rescuing the Senate by reporting the facts. But they do not have cluding American and European Christians version of the legislation from a demise that

VerDate 29-OCT-99 06:34 Nov 10, 1999 Jkt 079060 PO 00000 Frm 00125 Fmt 7634 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A09NO7.157 pfrm02 PsN: H09PT1 H11832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — HOUSE November 9, 1999 had been confidently predicted by the Ad- As my colleagues have heard, the leg- freon; the importance of keeping space devel- ministration and the business community. islature is coming to an end. And it opment under civilian control; and the neces- We respectfully submit that the Rosenthal would be a very sad end if we did not sity of monitoring global climate change. In columns on religious persecution merit a pay tribute to one of the most distin- due time, Congress adopted these issues as Pulitzer Prize for Commentary if only be- cause they broke new ground on an impor- guished California citizens to ever legislation. tant subject, and did so with accuracy, force- serve in the United States Congress, Style of argument: Brown cultivated a polite fulness and passion. We also believe that re- our beloved George Brown, who passed and courtly style of argument. His reliance on lated and perhaps even stronger grounds away this year as a Member of the reason coupled with the respect he showed exist for the award to be granted. House. his opponents made him a very effective ad- First, the Rosenthal columns enhanced the So tonight, surrounded by his family vocate and enabled him to form alliances with institutional credibility of the press with and friends, Members of the California people of all political parties. many religious believers who had seen the delegation and other States have come Human qualities: Cigar chomping, rumpled mainline press as patronizing if not hostile. forward and would like to express their suit, pacifist, social democrat, fierce idealist, a They were read and cherished by millions, maverick. At UCLA, he helped create some of not only in the New York Times, but also feelings and sympathies for the great through mass recirculation in denomina- life of a great man who served longer in the first cooperative student housing and was tional newsletters, religious broadcasts and the United States Congress than any first to integrate campus housing by rooming actual worship services. They educated many other Member in California history. with Tom BradleyÐthe future Mayor of Los to the power and virtue of a free press. I am very pleased to be able to share Angeles. Joined the Army despite his pacifist Next, the columns played a central role in this hour of colloquy, hour of memorial leanings in order to serve the country. the enactment of major, potentially historic resolutions with the gentleman from Inspiration to California Democrats: The cur- legislation. As nothing else, they galvanized California (Mr. LEWIS), my esteemed rent California Democratic party is replete with and sustained the remarkable interfaith individuals who worked on Brown's several movement that supported the legislation, colleague and very close friend of George Brown and his neighbor. campaigns, including Senator Boxer. Dean of and ensured Congressional attentiveness to the California Congressional Delegation. He the issue. It can be categorically stated: I would like to call upon the gen- Without the Rosenthal columns, the Inter- tleman from California (Mr. LEWIS) was our hero, and our inspiration to continue national Religious Freedom Act of 1998 first. And then we are going to be shar- championing good and fighting evil. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentleman would not have become law. ing, as Members want to express their from California (Mr. LEWIS), my col- Finally, we believe that the Rosenthal col- concerns and try to keep their remarks league and esteemed friend, the chair umns legitimated today’s increasing cov- to several minutes. Because we can see erage of anti-Christian persecutions in coun- of the Republican delegation from Cali- there are many people here that want tries like India, Pakistan and Indonesia, and fornia. generated new perspectives on the coverage to speak. Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speak- of countries ranging from China to Egypt, Mr. Speaker, ``I believe in human dignity as er, I appreciate my colleague yielding. from Sudan to Vietnam. Until the Rosenthal the source of national purpose, human liberty Mr. Speaker, I am wondering, let me columns, the notion of Christians as victims as the source of national action, the human ask my colleague a question if I can by rather than victimizers didn’t seem quite heart as the source of national compassion, plausible to many editors and reporters. The way of procedure. I know there are and in the human mind as the source of our Members on both sides who are asking fact that it now does is a powerful tribute to invention and our ideas.'' JFK quote. what the columns have done. for time, etcetera, and I have made a Seldom in our experience has a single voice He was a great man and a distinguished list and so on. Should we kind of divide been so instrumental in raising public con- public servant; 45 years of public service; 36 this time in a way that I can distribute sciousness on an issue of such major impor- years in the House, the longest serving Con- time and ask the Chair for unanimous tance. The passion and integrity of the gress member in California history. consent for that? Rosenthal columns on religious persecution Won first electionÐas Monterey Park city Mr. FARR of California. I have no ob- have transformed American policies and in- councilman and became mayor one year later. jection. stitutions, and religious liberty throughout Member of the California State Legislature. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under the world. American journalism has long First elected to U.S. Congress in 1962. Unlike the procedures of this Special Order, been honored by Mr. Rosenthal’s work, but other politicians, he did not read the pollsÐNo never more so than by his pathbreaking col- the gentleman from California (Mr. umns on a subject that he, often alone, other member of Congress cast more ``un- FARR) controls the time and distrib- moved a nation to care about and to act. safe'' votesÐand live to tell the tale. utes the time. Very truly yours, Best known for his work on science and Mr. LEWIS of California. If he yields Elie Wiesel, Virgil C. Dechant, Rabbi technology: ``With his passing, science and half of it to me, then can I distribute Norman Lamm, John Cardinal O’Con- technology lost its most knowledgeable advo- it? nor, Rabbi Alexander Schindler, R. cate, he embraced the future by articulating a The SPEAKER pro tempore. There is Lamar Vest, Wei Jingsheng, William vision that includes harnessing science and an hour on the clock, which is reserved Bennett, Lodi G. Gyari, Bette Bao technology to achieve sustainable develop- Lord, Paige Patterson, James M. Stan- to designees of the Leadership; and the ton, Commissioner Robert A. Watson. ment.'' Chair will not recognize for subdivi- George Brown quote from NY Times inter- sions of that hour. We thank him for his commitment to view: ``From my earliest days, I was fascinated Mr. LEWIS of California. Mr. Speak- the people. by science. I was fascinated by a utopian vi- er, I very much appreciate any col- f sion of what the world could be like. I've league yielding. Let me say that I intend to make the ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE SPEAKER thought that science could be the basis for a bulk of my remarks at the end of this PRO TEMPORE better world, and that's what I've been trying to do all these years.'' session. But let us begin by indicating The SPEAKER pro tempore. The He had the foresight to champion the cre- to the body that oft times, especially Chair, without it being considered a ation of the Environmental Protection Agency, with the advent of C-SPAN, the public precedent for changing the proper se- the Office of Technology Assessment, and the very often sees only the confrontation quence of Special Orders, and pursuant Office of Science and Technology Policy. Rec- between the two sides of the aisle, de- to the unanimous consent request of ognized leader in forming the institutional bate swirling around very important the majority leader, will recognize the framework for science and technology in the issues that sometimes takes us to the gentleman from California (Mr. FARR) Federal Government. Led effort to move the extreme of expression and confronta- for 1 hour without prejudice to the re- National Science Foundation into more active tions that is the presumed norm. sumption of 5-minute Special Orders. roles in engineering, science, education and I must say that, over the years, I f the development of advanced technologies. have had great pleasure in the fact Had the vision, courage and integrity to that George Brown and I found working TRIBUTE TO LATE HON. GEORGE have remained ahead of the mainstream: In together that we had so much more in BROWN the California Assembly authored first bill in common than our people who watch us Mr. FARR of California. Mr. Speaker, the nation to ban lead in gasoline. Recog- on the football team of politics in our I appreciate the consideration given to nized, early on: the environmental hazards of home district territory would ever re- this special order. burning fossil fuels; the destructive effect of alize.

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