Borneo Land of the Orangutan
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Bako National Park S60 Gunung Mulu NP
TOTAL COMBINE AREA (ha) NO NAME OF TPA (As of Nov 2020) GAZETTE No. GAZETTEMENT DATE LAND MARINE Total 1 Bako National Park S60 1 May, 1957 2,727.00 0.00 2,727.00 Gunung Mulu NP (All) Gunong Mulu National Park 2853 1 August, 1974 2 85,671.00 0.00 85,671.00 Gunong Mulu National Park (Ext.I) 2621 9 February, 2012 Gunong Mulu National Park (Ext. II) 3161 4 May, 2011 3 Niah National Park 50 23 November, 1974 3,139.00 0.00 3,139.00 4 Lambir Hills National Park 1899 15 May, 1975 6,949.00 0.00 6,949.00 Similajau NP (All) Similajau National Park 1337 25 November, 1976 8,996.00 5 22,120.00 Similajau National Park (1st Ext.) 2248 5 April, 2000 Similajau National Park (Ext.II) 130 23 May, 2000 13,124.00 6 Gunung Gading National Park 3289 1 August, 1983 4,196.00 0.00 4,196.00 7 Kubah National Park 2220 17 November, 1988 2,230.00 0.00 2,230.00 8 Batang Ai National Park 1288 28 February, 1991 24,040.00 0.00 24,040.00 9 Loagan Bunut National Park 2790 25 June, 1990 10,736.00 0.00 10,736.00 10 Tanjung Datu National Park 1102 16 March, 1994 752.00 627.00 1,379.00 11 Talang Satang National Park 3565 27 September, 1999 0.00 19,414.00 19,414.00 Maludam NP 12 Maludam National Park 1997 30 March, 2000 53,568.00 0.00 53,568.00 Maludam National Park (Ext 1) 2337 13 March, 2013 13 Bukit Tiban National Park 1998 17 February, 2000 8,000.00 0.00 8,000.00 14 Rajang Mangroves National Park 2833 29 May, 2000 9,373.00 0.00 9,373.00 Gunung Buda National Park (All) Gunung Buda National Park 189 14 September, 2000 15 11,307.00 0.00 11,307.00 Gunung Buda National Park (1st Ext) 3163 17 March, 2011 16 Kuching Wetland National Park 3512 24 July, 2002 6,610.00 0.00 6,610.00 Pulong Tau NP (All) 17 Pulong Tau National Park 919 10 January, 2005 69,817.00 0.00 69,817.00 Pulong Tau National Park(ext I) 2472 6 January, 2013 18 Usun Apau National Park 3153 5 May, 2005 49,355.00 0.00 49,355.00 19 Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park 1144 16 March, 2007 0.00 186,930.00 186,930.00 Santubong National Park (All) 20 Santubong National Park 2303 28 May, 2007 1,641.00 2,165.00 3,806.00 Santubong NP (Ext. -
Iucn Technical Evaluation Gunung Mulu National Park (Sarawak
WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION – IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION GUNUNG MULU NATIONAL PARK (SARAWAK, MALAYSIA) 1. DOCUMENTATION i) IUCN/WCMC Data Sheet: (18 references) ii) Additional Literature Consulted: Meridith M. and J. Wooldridge. 1992. Giant Caves of Borneo. Tropical Press. Kuala Lumpur; IUCN-SSC 1998 Global Action Plan for Microchiroptean Bats. Final Draft; Vermeulen J. and T. Whitten. 1999. Biodiversity and Cultural Property in the Management of Limestone Resources. Lessons from East Asia. World Bank/IUCN; Braatz. S 1992. Conserving Biological Diversity: A Strategy for Protected Areas in Asia – Pacific Region. World Bank Technical Paper 193; Collins M. et al eds. The Conservation Atlas of Tropical Forests – Asia and Pacific; IUCN McNeely J. 1999. Mobilising Broader Support for Asia’s Biodiversity. ADB; MacKinnon J. ed. 1997 Protected Area Systems Review of the Indomalayan Realm. ABC/WCMC; Hitchcock P. 1998. Post World Heritage Seminar Report on Mission to Malaysia; CIFOR/UNESCO 1999. World Heritage Forests – The World Heritage Convention as a Mechanism for Conserving Tropical Forest Biodiversity; Cubitt G. 1996. Wild Malaysia. New Holland; MacKinnon, K. et. al. 1996. The Ecology of Kalimantan Periplus; Mandis Roberts Consultants. 2000. Integrated Development and Management Plan. Inception Report; Waltham, T. 1997. Mulu. The Ultimate in Cavernous Karst. Geology Today. Nov/Dec; Waltham, T. 1995. The Pinnacle Karst of Gunung Api, Mulu, Sarawak. Cave and Karst Science 22(3); Brookfield, H. et. al. 1996. In Place of the Forest: Environmental and Socio-Economic Transformation in Borneo. UNU Press; MacKinnon, J. 1975. Borneo. Time-Life Books; Cleary M. and P. Eaton. 1992. Borneo – Change and Development, OUP; Hanbury-Tenison, R. -
SO WHAT LIVES at MULU?
RESEARCH SO WHAT LIVES at MULU? PRELIMINARY SURVEY of CAVE FAUNA in the GUNUNG MULU WORLD HERITAGE AREA, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA PART 2 – THE RESULTS Timothy Moulds, Jay Anderson and Ross Anderson This article is a follow on from the introduction to the The spider Heteropoda sp. (Sparassidae) was the most Australian biospeleological expedition to the Mulu Caves widespread species found in all caves sampled, followed in Sarawak, Malaysia previously published in the by the millipede sp. A, Opilione Phalangodidae? sp.A, ACKMA Journal no. 90. This second part of the article Lepidoptera: Tinea? sp. and Araneae: Pholcidae sp. A presents the results of the survey and interpretation of that were recorded in six of the seven caves the results. comprehensively surveyed (excluding Clearwater Cave and Deer Water Caves). The majority of species (44.6%) Survey Results were recorded from a single cave, with very few species The survey recorded over 19,000 specimens using a recorded from five or more of the caves surveyed (Figure combination of collection and observation of species 1). abundance that presently represents 93 different The most diverse order was Coleoptera with 13 species morpho-species, from 25 orders and 8 classes. The recorded, followed by Araneae (10 spp.), Isopoda (10 number of morpho-species is expected to increase with spp.), Diptera and Hemiptera (9 spp. each) and additional sampling and further identification effort. Diplopoda (8 spp.). Eleven orders are represented by Forty different species have been photo-inventoried thus single species. far. Figure 1 Percentage of species recorded from multiple caves. RESEARCH Deer Cave also present in high abundance including a species of staphylinidae. -
Sarawak—A Neglected Birding Destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI
30 BirdingASIA 13 (2010): 30–41 LITTLE-KNOWN AREA Sarawak—a neglected birding destination in Malaysia RONALD ORENSTEIN, ANTHONY WONG, NAZERI ABGHANI, DAVID BAKEWELL, JAMES EATON, YEO SIEW TECK & YONG DING LI Introduction It is our hope that this article will be a catalyst One of the ironies of birding in Asia is that despite for change. Alhough much of Sarawak has been the fact that Malaysia is one of the most popular logged and developed, the state still contains destinations for birdwatchers visiting the region, extensive tracts of rainforest habitat; it is still one very few visit the largest state in the country. of the least developed states in Malaysia once away Peninsular Malaysia, and the state of Sabah in east from the four main coastal cities. Given its extensive Malaysia, are well-known and are visited several coastline, Sarawak contains excellent wintering times a year by international bird tour operators grounds for waders and other waterbirds. BirdLife as well as by many independent birdwatchers. But International has designated 22 Important Bird Areas Malaysia’s largest state, Sarawak, which sits (IBAs) in Sarawak, the highest number for any state between the two and occupies one fifth of eastern in Malaysia and more than in all the states of west Borneo, is unfortunately often overlooked by Malaysia combined (18), whilst Sabah has 15 IBAs birdwatchers. The lack of attention given to (Yeap et al. 2007). Sarawak is not only a loss for birders, but also to the state, as the revenue that overseas birdwatchers Why do birders neglect Sarawak? bring in can be a powerful stimulus for protecting That Sarawak is neglected is clear from an examination forests, wetlands and other important bird habitats. -
Title Bako National Park
Title Bako National Park - A natural laboratory for teaching and learning about the environment Author(s) Yee, Sze Onn & Chin, Long Fay Source Teaching and Learning, 9(2),82-101 Published by Institute of Education (Singapore) This document may be used for private study or research purpose only. This document or any part of it may not be duplicated and/or distributed without permission of the copyright owner. The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Bako National Park - A Natural Laboratory For Teaching And Learning About The Environment YEE SZE ONN AND CHIN LONG FAY Introduction National parks are an important form of landuse. They aim at conserving, protecting and preserving the flora, fauna, landscape and scientifically interesting features as well as providing a laboratory for teaching and learning. Bako National Park occupies 2742 hectares of a rugged sandstone peninsula in the south western region of Sarawak. The park is dominated by a sandstone plateau which averages about 100 metres above sea level. Denundation by water over long periods of time has sculptured this plateau into a distinctive landscape which offers excellent opportunities for field studies in geography and science. Plate 1. A partial view of Bako National Park, Sarawak. Bako National Park 83 Location and Accessibility Bako National Park is easily accessible. It is only one and a half hours by air from Singapore. The park is approximately 37 km from Kuching. The newly built Kuching-Bako road provides fast and easy access by land to Kg. Bako from where the park is reached after a 25-minute boat trip. -
NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT WORLD AFFAIRS JHM-6 Penang, Malaysia NATIONAL PARKS I0 September, 1987 Mr. Peter Bird Martin Executive Director Institute of Current World Affairs West Wheelock Street Hanover, NH 03755 LISA Dear Peter, Malaysia's national parks are some of the most impressive places I've seen anywhere. Including lowland and montane forests, mangroves, freshwater swamps, rivers, caves, and islands,.they contain representatives of most ecosystem types found in this region. These areas and Malaysia's nature reserves are virtually the only places where almost no Malaysian is allowed to achieve a feeling of accomplishment in putting something into the jungle, opening a wilderness, OF developing a wasteland. The area also tle only places of scaFce luman habitation where a foreigner-without pressing economic need can go without being considered a bit mad by most Malaysians. Malaysia does not tave a unified system of national parks; there is only one national park under Malaysia's federal authority. The Feat of the parks are in East Malaysia (Borneo) where the states of Sabah and SaFawak each retain autonomy in land use and forest management matters. Malaysia now l]as 17 national parks, overall (counting a few in East Malaysia still in initial stages of being constituted). In addition, there are i0 nature reserves in Peninsular Malaysia under the authority of Perhilitan (the federal office of wildlife and national parks) and several more in East Malaysia provided with varying levels of protection from encroachment OF development under state forest and wildlife protection laws. However, suffice it to say that Malaysia has just over a million hectares c)f terrestrial parks and reserves. -
The Underground World of Mulu
The Underground World of Mulu by Kevin Dixon through rattan and vines; climbing through roots, dense undergrowth, and limestone pinnacles; wad- When the Internet seems to have all the answers ing through streams and mud; and frequent tropical and the earth is revealed in ever more detail, it storms. Most people stay fully covered, despite the is refreshing to find a part of the planet that is heat and humidity, so as to avoid cuts and scratches still being discovered, even after thirty years that can quickly become infected. It also provides of exploratory expeditions. In Mulu, Sarawak, some protection against the leeches, horseflies, and Malaysia, what was created over millennia by mosquitoes. water pushing through the limestone bedding and faults to find the quickest route to the sea The success of early expeditions conducted by the is now a crystal underground world inhabited “Mulu Caves Project” depended to a large extent by bats and swifts. Surveying has been essen- upon good surveying. The surveys were needed not tial to the continuing discovery, providing maps only to illustrate the amazing discoveries being made to guide the explorers back to their starting but also because much of the scientific program point; showing potential new entrances as they relied upon accurate surveying. Nearly all the cave approach the surface; and hinting at new discov- passages were surveyed as they were discovered by eries as cave passages follow major faults, bed- small teams of two or three surveyors. The instru- ding planes, and drainage horizons. But what sur- ments typically used were compasses and clinom- veying technology and methods have survived eters with 30 m (100 ft) fibron tapes. -
A Review of the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis Larvatus) in Borneo, with Reference to the Population in Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo
Tropical Natural History 16(1): 42-56, April 2016 2016 by Chulalongkorn University A Review of the Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) in Borneo, with Reference to the Population in Bako National Park, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo 1,2* 2,3 MOHAMAD BIN KOMBI AND MOHD TAJUDDIN ABDULLAH 1 Forest Department Sarawak, Wisma Sumber Alam Jalan Stadium, 93060 Kuching, Sarawak, MALAYSIA 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, MALAYSIA 3 Centre for Kenyir Ecosystems Research, Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA * Corresponding Author: Mohamad Bin Kombi ([email protected]) Received: 28 August 2014; Accepted: 14 November 2015 Abstract.– The Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus) is endemic to the Island of Borneo. It dominates from the coastal areas to the headwaters of some major rivers. In Sarawak, its distribution occurred in coastal and swamp areas based on previous studies. The population in the Bako National Park, Sarawak is fluctuating when compared to previous studies. The total population of the proboscis monkeys is estimated about 306 individuals compared to the lowest of 111 individuals in 2005. The fluctuating numbers of N. larvatus population is assumed to be at the optimum carrying capacity Bako National Park. There are still large areas of habitat outside the Bako National Park that can support the increasing population size that must be secured to protect a viable population in -
THE GUNUNG MULU NATIONAL PARK and the WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - SARAWAK, MALAYSIA - Dave Gill
THE GUNUNG MULU NATIONAL PARK AND THE WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION - SARAWAK, MALAYSIA - Dave Gill This article was submitted for publication mid Bat emergence from Deer Cave, Mulu 2001, and subsequently processed by the Photo: David Gillieson ACKMA Editorial Committee. It appears here in an amended form following the Committee’s suggestions to the author. Background Although Malaysia ratified the 1972 UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage in 1988, no nominations for either cultural or natural heritage were put forward. Profs. Derek Ford and Paul Williams (1989) commented, that the establishment of a series of karst world heritage sites is both justified and due. Gunung Mulu was specifically mentioned as of immense significance as a tropical karst ecosystem, both above and below ground. Shortly after the 1994 Geomorphological Conference in Singapore I had the opportunity to conduct Paul, Derek and many of the worlds foremost karst geomorphologists on a tour of the park. At that time I was employed as development officer, a short time later to form and head the Karst Management Unit of the Sarawak Forest The new Ordinance was regarded as exemplary Department. All expressed the same opinion that conservation law, the envy of many conservation the Gunung Mulu National Park was a sure fire workers in other countries. The integrity of Gunung candidate to complement other karst regions Mulu was therefore adequately satisfied as regards throughout the world on the world heritage list and to the conservation of its biodiversity, karst and others in the process of nomination. caves and the involvement of the local community. -
Borneo / Sarawak
BORNEO / SARAWAK 4 DAYS MULU – ADVENTURE ON THE FORMER HEADHUNTER’S TRAIL (FORMERLY: 4 DAYS HEADHUNTING TO MULU) TOURCODE: MZV4DHHS / MZV4DHHP JOINT TOUR (MIN. 2 PERSONS) / PRIVATE TOUR WITH DAILY DEPARTURES MULU NATIONAL PARK Days Tour Meals Overnight Mulu Arrival – Mulu Caves Tour Day 1 Arrival in Mulu and transfer to Mulu National Park -/ L /- Mulu Half-day Deer Cave & Lang‟s Cave Tour Mulu Caves Tour – Camp 5 Day 2 Half-day Wind Cave & Clearwater Cave Tour B/ L /D Mulu Boat ride to Kuala Litut and trek to Camp 5 Camp 5 – Medalam Day 3 Trek along the Headhunter‟s Trail B/ L /D Medalam Boat ride to Iban longhouse Medalam Limbang Departure Day 4 – B/ - /- -- Trek back to Kuala Litut and boat ride to airport B = Breakfast / L = Lunch / D = Dinner City Budget Category MULU Mulu National Park, Run of House (ROH) MULU Mulu National Park, Camp 5 MEDALAM Iban longhouse P a g e | 79 BORNEO / SARAWAK City Deluxe Category MULU Mulu Marriott Resort & Spa, Deluxe Room MULU Mulu National Park, Camp 5 MEDALAM Iban longhouse P a g e | 80 BORNEO / SARAWAK DETAILED ITINERARY MULU CAVES & HEADHUNTER’S TRAIL Mulu National Park lies in the interior of Sarawak's rainforest, about 100 km east of Miri. This UNESCO World Heritage site is home to the world-famous Mulu Caves, like Deer Cave or Clearwater Cave. Different adventurous jungle treks lead visitors through this stunning national park, with a chance of observing wildlife and exploring Mulu's amazing flora. One of these treks is the famous Headhunter's Trail. -
Gunung Mulu National Park - 2017 Conservation Outlook Assessment (Archived)
IUCN World Heritage Outlook: https://worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org/ Gunung Mulu National Park - 2017 Conservation Outlook Assessment (archived) IUCN Conservation Outlook Assessment 2017 (archived) Finalised on 09 November 2017 Please note: this is an archived Conservation Outlook Assessment for Gunung Mulu National Park. To access the most up-to-date Conservation Outlook Assessment for this site, please visit https://www.worldheritageoutlook.iucn.org. Gunung Mulu National Park INFORMACIÓN DEL SITIO Country: Malaysia Inscribed in: 2000 Criteria: (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) Important both for its high biodiversity and for its karst features, Gunung Mulu National Park, on the island of Borneo in the State of Sarawak, is the most studied tropical karst area in the world. The 52,864-ha park contains seventeen vegetation zones, exhibiting some 3,500 species of vascular plants. Its palm species are exceptionally rich, with 109 species in twenty genera noted. The park is dominated by Gunung Mulu, a 2,377 m-high sandstone pinnacle. At least 295 km of explored caves provide a spectacular sight and are home to millions of cave swiftlets and bats. The Sarawak Chamber, 600 m by 415 m and 80 m high, is the largest known cave chamber in the world. © UNESCO RESUMEN 2017 Conservation Outlook Good The conservation outlook for Gunung Mulu National Park is overall very positive. The combination of the remoteness (no public road access), rugged terrain, legislative basis of protection, existence and implementation of an Integrated Development and Management Plan, 5 year plan, very effective professional management and dependence of a valuable tourism industry on the park augers well forall contribute to on-going effective protection and management. -
An Undescribed Gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with Comments on the Distribution of Bornean Cave Geckos Donald A
Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont WM Keck Science Faculty Papers W.M. Keck Science Department 1-1-2009 An Undescribed Gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with Comments on the Distribution of Bornean Cave Geckos Donald A. McFarlane Claremont McKenna College; Pitzer College; Scripps College Joyce Lundberg Carleton University Keith Christenson Recommended Citation McFarlane, D. A., Lundberg, J. and Christenson, K. (2009). "An undescribed gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave,Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with comments on the distribution of Bornean cave geckos." Herpetological Bulletin 110: 33-35. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the W.M. Keck Science Department at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in WM Keck Science Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An undescribed gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with comments on the distribution of Bornean cave geckos DONALD A. MCFARLANE1,3, JOYCE LUNDBERG2 and KEITH CHRISTENSON1 1 Wm. Keck Science Center, Scripps College, 925 North Mills Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada. 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] ECKOS of the genus Cyrtodactylus are a Mulu, and are preparing a formal description. Gspeciose group in Southeast Asia, with at In July 2008, a gecko was observed and least nine species known from the island of Borneo photographed in the dark zone of a high-level (Das & Ismail, 2001; Das, 2006).