Polymer Additives and Plasticizers
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Greenchem Industries Chemical and Solvent Product List A-Z
GreenChem Industries Chemical And Solvent Product List A-Z 1,4-Butanediol (BDO) Formic Acid, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95% N-Butanol 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EH) Gamma Butyrolactone (GBL) N-Butyl Acetate (BUTAC) 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate (2-EHA) Glacial Acetic Acid (GAA) N-Heptane 911P Glutaraldehyde 50% N-Methyl Pyrrolidone (NMP) Acetic Acid Glycerin USP K & Tech Grade N-Propanol Acetone Glycol Ether DB N-Propyl Acetate Acetonitrile Glycol Ether DE Neopentyl Glycol (NPG) Adipic Acid Glycol Ether DM Nitromethane Alpha-Methylstyrene (AMS) Glycol Ether DPM Nonyl Phenol Asphalt Cutback Glycol Ether DPM Acetate (DPM Acetate) NP-9, NP-10, NP-12 Benzoic Acid Glycol Ether DPnB Odorless Mineral Spirits (OMS) Benzyl Alcohol USP & TECH Glycol Ether DPnP Oxalic Acid 99.6% Benzyl Chloride Glycol Ether EB P-Chlorbenzotrifluoride (PCBTF) Boric Acid Glycol Ether EEP Perchloroethylene (PERC) Butyl Acrylate Glycol Ether EM Phenol 85%, 90%, 99% Caustic Potash 90% Glycol Ether EP Phthalic Anhydride Glycol Ether EPH Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Caustic Soda Flakes & Beads Glycol Ether PM Propylene Carbonate (PC) Citric Acid, USP Kosher Glycol Ether PMA Propylene Glycol USP (PG USP K) Cyclohexane Glycol Ether PnB Propylene Glycol Industrial (PGI) Cyclohexylamine Glycol Ether PnP Sebacic Acid Cylcohexanone Glycol Ether TPM Secondary Butanol (SBA) D-Limonene Glycolic Acid 70% Sodium Laurel Sulfate (SLES) 28%, 60%, 70% DB Acetate GreenCool (Inhibited Glycols) Solv 100 Diacetone Alcohol (DAA) Hexane Solv 150 Dibasic Ester (DBE) Hexylene Glycol (HG) Solv 200 Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) Hydrochloric -
Extrusion Foaming of Bioplastics for Lightweight Structure in Food Packaging
EXTRUSION FOAMING OF BIOPLASTICS FOR LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURE IN FOOD PACKAGING A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Sitthi Duangphet School of Engineering and Design Brunel University December 2012 i Abstract This thesis reports the systematic approaches to overcome the key drawbacks of the pure PHBV, namely low crystallisation rate, tensile strength, ductility, melt viscosity, thermal stability and high materials cost. The physical, mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of the pure PHBV were studied systematically first to lay a solid foundation for formulation development. The influence of blending with other biopolymers, inclusion of filler, and chain extender additives in terms of mechanical properties, rheology, thermal decomposition and crystallization kinetics were then followed. Creating lightweight structures by foaming is considered to be one of the effective ways to reduce material consumption, hence the reduction of density and morphology of PHBV-based foams using extrusion foaming technique were studied comprehensively in terms of extrusion conditions (temperature profiles, screw speed and material feeding rate) and the blowing agent content. The material cost reduction was achieved by adding low-cost filler (e.g. CaCO3) and reduction of density by foaming. The thermal instability was enhanced by incorporation of chain extender (e.g. Joncryl) and blending with a high thermal stability biopolymer (e.g. PBAT). The polymer blend also improved the ductility. Adding nucleation agent enhanced the crystallization rate to reduce stickiness of extruded sheet. The final formulation (PHBV/PBAT/CaCO3 composite) was successfully extruded into high quality sheet and thermoformed to produce prototype trays in an industrial scale trial. The effect of the extrusion conditions (temperature profiles, screw speed and material feeding rate) and the blowing agent content are correlated to the density reduction of the foams. -
II. Plasticizer-Free Polyvinyl Chloride, Plasticizer-Free Copolymers of Vinyl
This is an unofficial translation. Only the German version is binding. II. Plasticizer-free Polyvinyl Chloride, Plasticizer-free Copolymers of Vinyl Chlo- ride and Mixtures of these Polymers with other Copolymers and Chlorinated Polyolefins Containing Mainly Vinyl Chloride in the Total Mixture As of 01.01.2012 The monomers and other starting substances as well as additives used in the production of plasticizer-free polyvinyl chloride, plasticizer-free copolymers of vinyl chloride containing mainly vinyl chloride, mixtures of these polymers with other copolymers, and chlorinated polyolefins containing mainly vinyl chloride in the total mixture are subject to the requirements of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. Otherwise, there are no objections to the use of these plastics for commodities in the sense of § 2, Para. 6, No 1 of the Food and Feed Code (Lebensmittel- und Futtermittelgesetzbuch), pro- vided they are suitable for their intended purpose and comply with the following conditions: 1. The use of monomers and other starting materials for polyethylene is subject to the stipula- tions of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011. The evaluation presented in the following refers to polymers from the following monomeric starting substances: a) Vinyl chloride b) Vinylidene chloride c) Trans-dichloroethylene d) Vinylesters of aliphatic carbonic acids C2-C18, in so far as covered by the positive list of the Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 e) Esters of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and/or maleic acid or fumaric acid with -
Phthalate Testing ‐ Frequently Asked Questions Updated February, 2009
Phthalate Testing ‐ Frequently Asked Questions Updated February, 2009 Q. Which specific phthalates is the Consumer Products Safety Information Act (CPSIA) concerned about? A. The six phthalate plasticizers of interest are: Diisononyl phthalate (DINP), Di‐2‐ ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP, sometimes called DOP), di‐n‐octyl phthalate (DnOP), Di‐isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP), and dibutyl phthalate (DBP). Q. What can Polymer Diagnostics Inc. (PDI) test? A. PDI can test raw materials, compounds and finished goods. Q. How does PDI perform the testing? A. Samples are initially extracted (or diluted), and then analyzed by Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry [GC‐MS]. Depending on the results, additional analyses may be done to verify results and insure accuracy. This helps reduce the potential for false positives. Q. What about false positives? A. Although GC‐MS can reduce the likelihood of mis‐identification, the complexity of many formulations cannot rule this out. Further refinements of the analysis conditions or use of other separation techniques helps to enhance the reliability of the results. In those cases where the interference cannot be eliminated, results will clearly state this fact. Q. What is the current standard for testing for phthalates? A. Some literature has cited ASTM 3421‐75 as applicable for this testing. This method has been discontinued by ASTM, and has not been replaced. The regulatory body responsible for the CPSIA is currently working on recommending an improved method, but this is still in the planning stage. Q. What are the current issues, if any, with the test methods? A. Any method recommended should use current analytical methodologies. -
162 Part 175—Indirect Food Addi
§ 174.6 21 CFR Ch. I (4–1–19 Edition) (c) The existence in this subchapter B Subpart B—Substances for Use Only as of a regulation prescribing safe condi- Components of Adhesives tions for the use of a substance as an Sec. article or component of articles that 175.105 Adhesives. contact food shall not be construed as 175.125 Pressure-sensitive adhesives. implying that such substance may be safely used as a direct additive in food. Subpart C—Substances for Use as (d) Substances that under conditions Components of Coatings of good manufacturing practice may be 175.210 Acrylate ester copolymer coating. safely used as components of articles 175.230 Hot-melt strippable food coatings. that contact food include the fol- 175.250 Paraffin (synthetic). lowing, subject to any prescribed limi- 175.260 Partial phosphoric acid esters of pol- yester resins. tations: 175.270 Poly(vinyl fluoride) resins. (1) Substances generally recognized 175.300 Resinous and polymeric coatings. as safe in or on food. 175.320 Resinous and polymeric coatings for (2) Substances generally recognized polyolefin films. as safe for their intended use in food 175.350 Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copoly- mer. packaging. 175.360 Vinylidene chloride copolymer coat- (3) Substances used in accordance ings for nylon film. with a prior sanction or approval. 175.365 Vinylidene chloride copolymer coat- (4) Substances permitted for use by ings for polycarbonate film. 175.380 Xylene-formaldehyde resins con- regulations in this part and parts 175, densed with 4,4′-isopropylidenediphenol- 176, 177, 178 and § 179.45 of this chapter. -
Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) C26H42O4
CAS 28553-12-0 Diisononyl Phthalate (DINP) C26H42O4 Summary of Health Effects In a study that looked at the effects on male Diisononyl phthalate (DINP) can lead to growth rats of perinatal exposure to several phthalates, of tumors in the liver, spleen and kidneys of DINP was one of three phthalates that altered animals and can affect how unborn babies sexual differentiation.4 Several animal studies develop. It may also cause cancer in humans. have demonstrated that DINP exposure increased the incidence of liver, spleen and 1 How is DINP used? kidney tumors. DINP is primarily used as a plasticizer or softener in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, DINP induces antiandrogenic affects in animals, and therefore can contribute to the cumulative including vinyl flooring, wire and cable risk from exposure to other antiandrogenic insulation, coated fabrics, gloves, toys, garden phthalates.5 hoses, artificial leather and footwear.1 DINP is also used in other products such as rubber, inks, pigments and paints.1 Exposure: How can a person come in contact with it? Toxicity: What are its health effects? A person can come in contact with DINP by The National Toxicology Program determined breathing in contaminated air, swallowing dust, through animal testing that DINP is a eating contaminated food, or from skin contact 6 developmental toxicant based on fetuses with consumer products. growing additional ribs at the high dose tested.2 The National Health and Nutrition Examination DINP is listed as a carcinogen on California’s Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 results showed Proposition 65 list.3 that mono-(carboxyoctyl) phthalate, a metabolite (breakdown product) of DINP, is present in urine samples of 95.2% of the sampled U.S. -
Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi
Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi Cite this article as: Rezaei-Vahidian Hadi, Farajpour Tohid, Abdollahi Mahdi. Using an Inhibitor to Prevent Plasticizer Migration from Polyurethane Matrix to EPDM Based Substrate[J]. Chinese J. Polym. Sci, 2019, 37(7): 681-686. doi: 10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y View online: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y Articles you may be interested in Antistatic PVC-graphene Composite through Plasticizer-mediated Exfoliation of Graphite Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2018, 36(12): 1361 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-018-2160-5 SYNTHESIS OF POLYURETHANE MODIFIED BISMALEIMIDE (UBMI) AND POLYURETHANE-IMIDE ELASTOMER Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2008, 26(1): 117 Synthesis and Properties of Reversible Disulfide Bond-based Self-healing Polyurethane with Triple Shape Memory Properties Chinese J. Polym. Sci. 2019, 37(11): 1119 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2268-2 增塑剂对碱木质素/HDPE复合材料性能影响研究 The Effect of Plasticizer on the Properties of Alkali Lignin/HDPE Composites 高分子学报. 2014(2): 210 https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1105.2014.13204 泊肃叶流中环形高分子的迁移行为及与线性高分子的差异 Migration of Ring Polymers in Poiseuille Flow and Comparison with Linear Polymers 高分子学报. 2019, 50(11): 1229 https://doi.org/10.11777/j.issn1000-3304.2019.19074 聚醚硅油表面迁移行为对聚苯乙烯表面极性的影响 THE IMPROVEMENT OF POLARITY OF POLYSTYRENE SURFACE BY THE SELECTIVE SURFACE MIGRATION OF POLYETHER SILICOME OIL 高分子学报. 2007(2): 165 Chinese Journal of POLYMER SCIENCE ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-019-2251-y -
1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This Statement Was Prepared to Give
OTTO FUEL II AND ITS COMPONENTS 1 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT This statement was prepared to give you information about Otto Fuel II and its components, and to emphasize the human health effects that may result from exposure to them. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has identified 1,397 hazardous waste sites as the most serious in the nation. These sites make up the National Priorities List (NPL) and are the sites targeted for long-term federal clean-up activities. Otto Fuel II has been found at two of the sites on the NPL. However, the number of NPL sites evaluated for Otto Fuel II and its components is not known. As EPA evaluates more sites, the number of sites at which Otto Fuel II and its components are found may increase. This information is important for you to know because Otto Fuel II and its components may cause harmful health effects and because these sites are potential or actual sources of human exposure to Otto Fuel II and its components. When a chemical is released from a large area, such as an industrial plant, or from a container, such as a drum or bottle, it enters the environment as a chemical emission. This emission, which is also called a release, does not always lead to exposure. You can be exposed to a chemical only when you come into contact with the chemical. You may be exposed to it in the environment by breathing, eating or drinking substances containing the chemical, or from skin contact with it. If you are exposed to a hazardous chemical such as Otto Fuel II and its components, several factors will determine whether harmful health effects will occur, and what the type and severity of those health effects will be. -
Blown Films for Chilled and Frozen Food Packaging Applications
polymers Article Evaluation of the Suitability of Poly(Lactide)/Poly(Butylene-Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Blown Films for Chilled and Frozen Food Packaging Applications Arianna Pietrosanto, Paola Scarfato * , Luciano Di Maio , Maria Rossella Nobile and Loredana Incarnato Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; [email protected] (A.P.); [email protected] (L.D.M.); [email protected] (M.R.N.); [email protected] (L.I.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 20 December 2019; Accepted: 12 March 2020; Published: 3 April 2020 Abstract: The use of biopolymers can reduce the environmental impact generated by plastic materials. Among biopolymers, blends made of poly(lactide) (PLA) and poly(butylene-adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) prove to have adequate performances for food packaging applications. Therefore, the present work deals with the production and the characterization of blown films based on PLA and PBAT blends in a wide range of compositions, in order to evaluate their suitability as chilled and frozen food packaging materials, thus extending their range of applications. The blends were fully characterized: they showed the typical two-phase structure, with a morphology varying from fibrillar to globular in accordance with their viscosity ratio. The increase of PBAT content in the blends led to a decrease of the barrier properties to oxygen and water vapor, and to an increase of the toughness of the films. The mechanical properties of the most ductile blends were also evaluated at 4 C and 25 C. The ◦ − ◦ decrease in temperature caused an increase of the stiffness and a decrease of the ductility of the films to a different extent, depending upon the blend composition. -
Polyvinylchloride, Phthalates and Packaging
Page 29 | Bulletin 86 | July 2014 Polyvinylchloride, phthalates and packaging Plastics are synthetic resins, are either thermosetting or thermoplastic. Thermoplastic resins can be re-softened by heating, and include polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinylchloride (PVC) which is very widely used in disposable medical devices. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) Vinyl chloride (CH2=CHCl or chloroethylene) DEHP (sometimes referred to as bis is polymerized by free-radical initiators to (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) is the diester of open the double bond and to link together phthalic acid and 2 ethylhexanol (Figure 2). vinyl chloride monomers, to form repeating Dr A M Walton units of polymers (Figure 1). Figure 2 The structure of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP. Anaesthesia ST 7, Figure 1 The phthalic moiety is common to all phthalates; University Hospital The chemical structure of vinyl chloride and PVC the pair of symmetrical aliphatic chains depends Southampton on the esterified alcohol PVC is a rigid structure at room temperature. Heating gives the molecules energy, widens the distance between between the molecules and softens the resin. To give PVC flexibility at room and body temperatures, plasticisers Dr J M T Pierce are added non-covalently to the PVC when Consultant Anaesthetist, At room temperature it is a colourless, oil- University Hospital molten and serve as molecular spacers so soluble viscous liquid and is used to form Southampton; RCoA when cooled the polymer has a softness even up to 40% of the mass of the PVC product. Environmental Advisor at room temperatures. The most commonly The annual global production of DEHP is used plasticisers are phthalates. -
Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment
TemaNord 2013:505 TemaNord Ved Stranden 18 DK-1061 Copenhagen K www.norden.org Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment The report Selected plasticisers and additional sweeteners in the Nordic Environment describes the findings of a Nordic environmental study. The study has been done as a screening, that is, it provides a snapshot of the occurrence of selected plasticisers and sweeteners, both in regions most likely to be polluted as well as in some very pristine environments. The pla- sticisers analysed were long chained phthalates and adipates, and the sweeteners analysed were aspartame, cyclamate and sucralose. The purpose of the screening was to elucidate levels and pathways of hitherto unrecognized pollutants. Thus the samples analysed were taken mainly from sewage lines, but also in recipients and biota, both in assumed hot-spot areas and in background areas. TemaNord 2013:505 ISBN 978-92-893-2464-9 ISBN 978-92-893-2464-9 9 789289 324649 TN2013505 omslag.indd 1 18-02-2013 10:25:36 Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment Mikael Remberger, Lennart Kaj, Katarina Hansson, Hanna Andersson and Eva Brorström-Lundén, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Helene Lunder and Martin Schlabach, NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research TemaNord 2013:505 Selected Plasticisers and Additional Sweeteners in the Nordic Environment Mikael Remberger, Lennart Kaj, Katarina Hansson, Hanna Andersson and Eva Brorström-Lundén, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Helene Lunder and Martin Schlabach, NILU, Norwegian Institute for Air Research ISBN 978-92-893-2464-9 http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/TN2013-505 TemaNord 2013:505 © Nordic Council of Ministers 2013 Layout: Hanne Lebech/NMR Cover photo: Image Select Print: Rosendahls-Schultz Grafisk Copies: 150 Printed in Denmark This publication has been published with financial support by the Nordic Council of Ministers. -
High Performance Ester Plasticizers
High Performance Ester Plasticizers Abstract Traditional elastomer polymers, such as nitrile, polychloroprene, chlorinated polyethylene and chlorosulfonated polyethylene, have for years used moderate- to low- performance ester plasticizers. However, longevity requirements for rubber articles made from these elastomers have created a need for higher-performance ester plasticizers. With the increasing high-temperature demands required by automotive, other elastomers such as acrylic, high-saturated nitrile, epichlorohydrin and ethylene propylene diene monomer EPDM are replacing the more traditional elastomers. Plasticizers commonly used for the traditional and the high-temperature polymers are extractable, incompatible or too volatile. This paper provides information on plasticizers that are designed for traditional elastomers and high-performance polymers. The test data will include heat aging, extraction by hydrocarbons and low-temperature as molded after aging. The information provided indicates that the permanence of the plasticizer after these various agings is the key to the retention of physical properties. Introduction End uses for elastomer compounds are quite diverse, but they can be loosely categorized as being either general performance or higher performance applications. Each of these performance categories requires a different set of considerations in terms of compounding with ester plasticizers. An ester plasticizer, in its simplest concept, is a high-boiling organic solvent that when added to an elastomeric polymer reduces stiffness and permits easier processing.1 For general performance applications, compounders require moderate performance in several areas without particular emphasis on any one. Some general performance ester plasticizers used in the marketplace today are DOA, DIDA, DIDP, DOP, DINP and other phthalates and adipates made from straight-chain alcohols of 7–11 carbons in length.