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Rechtsextreme Netzwerke Und Parteien in Europa

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Rechtsextreme Netzwerke Und Parteien in Europa Carsten Hübner Rechtsextreme Netzwerke und Parteien in Europa Eine Bestandsaufnahme vor der Europawahl 2009 (Dezember 2008) Die Studie wurde erstellt im Auftrag der Europaabgeordneten Gabi Zimmer für die Fraktion GUE/NGL Inhaltsverzeichnis Einleitung ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Zehn Überlegungen für die aktuelle politische Auseinandersetzung ................................................... 11 Begriffsbestimmungen .......................................................................................................................... 15 Europäische Netzwerke und Parteien ................................................................................................... 17 Charakter der Netzwerke .................................................................................................................. 17 Charakter der Parteien ...................................................................................................................... 18 Europafraktionen und Europaparteien ................................................................................................. 20 Fraktion Identität, Tradition, Souveränität (ITS) ............................................................................... 21 Städte‐Allianz gegen Islamisierung und Überfremdung ............................................................... 27 Euroregionale Kommunal .............................................................................................................. 27 Netzwerk für die Euro‐Rechte ....................................................................................................... 28 EuroNat – For a Europe of Nations ............................................................................................... 28 Fraktion Europa der Nationen (UEN) ................................................................................................ 30 Alliance for Europe of the Nations (AEN) ...................................................................................... 33 Fraktion Independence/Democracy (IND/DEM) ............................................................................... 35 Die Europapartei Alliance des Démocrates Indépendants en Europe (ADIE) ............................... 36 Europäische Nationale Front (ENF) ................................................................................................... 37 World Union of National Socialists/Sektion Europa (W.U.N.S. Europe) ........................................... 39 Blood & Honour ................................................................................................................................. 42 Altermedia ......................................................................................................................................... 43 Netzwerke der Neuen Rechten ......................................................................................................... 44 Synergies Européennes/Euro‐Synergies ....................................................................................... 44 Euro‐Rus ........................................................................................................................................ 45 Kontinent Europa Stiftung ............................................................................................................. 46 Exkurs: Vernetzung aus rechter Sicht .................................................................................................... 47 2 Europäische Rechtsparteien .................................................................................................................. 49 Übersicht ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Belgien ........................................................................................................................................... 50 Bulgarien........................................................................................................................................ 58 Dänemark ...................................................................................................................................... 63 Deutschland ................................................................................................................................... 66 Frankreich ...................................................................................................................................... 72 Griechenland ................................................................................................................................. 77 Großbritannien .............................................................................................................................. 79 Italien ............................................................................................................................................. 80 Lettland.......................................................................................................................................... 84 Niederlande ................................................................................................................................... 85 Norwegen ...................................................................................................................................... 86 Österreich ...................................................................................................................................... 87 Polen .............................................................................................................................................. 96 Rumänien ...................................................................................................................................... 99 Schweden .................................................................................................................................... 101 Slowakei ....................................................................................................................................... 102 Spanien ........................................................................................................................................ 103 Tschechien ................................................................................................................................... 104 Ungarn ......................................................................................................................................... 105 3 Einleitung Der damalige EU‐Justizkommissar FRANCO FRATTINI1 nahm kein Blatt vor den Mund, als er Mitte 2007 zum Rechtsextremismus in der Europäischen Union Stellung bezog. »Ich will es hart formulieren: Neonazis sind ein Krebsgeschwür für demokratische Länder […]. Sie sind eine wirkliche Bedrohung unserer Demokratie. Das Schlimmste ist: Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Rechtsextremismus nehmen in Europa zu.« Derzeit gebe es fünf Länder, so FRATTINI weiter, die ihm besondere Sorge bereiteten. »Dazu gehört Deutschland, aber auch in Frankreich, Belgien, Dänemark, und leider auch in meiner Heimat Italien sieht es nicht viel besser aus.«2 Wenige Monate zuvor hatte sich unter dem Namen »Identität, Tradition, Souveränität« (ITS) erstmals seit mehr als einem Jahrzehnt wieder eine offen rechtsextreme Fraktion im Europaparlament konstituieren können. Treibende Kraft des von langer Hand vorbereiteten Zusammenschlusses waren Abgeordnete aus Frankreich, Belgien, Italien und Österreich, zu denen mit dem EU‐Beitritt Bulgariens und Rumäniens am 1. Januar 2007 sechs weitere Parlamentarier stießen. Das für den Fraktionsstatus notwendige Quorum von 20 Mitgliedern war damit erfüllt. An der Gründung beteiligten sich die »Front National« (FN), die »Partidul România Mare« (PRM), der »Vlaams Belang« (VB), die »Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs« (FPÖ), die Bewegung »Nacionalno Obedinenie Ataka« (Ataka) sowie zwei italienische und ein britischer Abgeordneter. Dem Projekt selbst sollte keine große Zukunft beschieden sein. Nach nur elf Monaten scheiterte es im November 2007 an anti‐rumänischen Äußerungen der inzwischen ausgeschiedenen italienischen EU‐Parlamentarierin ALESSANDRA MUSSOLINI. Die PRM zog daraufhin ihre fünf Abgeordneten zurück, was zum Verlust des Fraktionsstatus führte. Die zentrale Botschaft war dennoch angekommen: Der organisierte Rechtsextremismus, längst ein Dauerphänomen vieler nationaler, regionaler und kommunaler Parlamente, hatte sich auf europäischer Ebene zurückgemeldet. Rechtsextreme Parteien legen bei Wahlen seit 2004 zu Der Fachjournalist und langjährige Redakteur des britischen Monatsmagazins »Searchlight«3, Graeme Atkinson, befürchtet deshalb, die Zahl rechtsextremer Abgeordneter könnte im Ergebnis der Europawahl 2009 deutlich ansteigen. Das gute Abschneiden rechter Parteien bei den letzten Parlamentswahlen in Belgien, Dänemark, Italien und Österreich weise in diese Richtung. Gleichzeitig mahnt er, den Blick auch nach Osteuropa zu richten. »Größte Besorgnis muss man in der Slowakei, in Ungarn, Polen, Rumänien und Tschechien haben, weil es hier erhebliche Vorurteile gegenüber den verschiedenen Minderheiten gibt«, so Atkinson.4 Ein Blick auf die jüngsten Ergebnisse bei nationalen Parlamentswahlen in den osteuropäischen EU‐ Mitgliedsländern untermauert seine Einschätzung. So kamen die slowakischen Nationalisten
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