DOCSLIB.ORG

LETTERS RECEIVED by the ATTORNEY GENERAL, 1809–1870 WESTERN LAW and ORDER Editor: Frederick S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
LETTERS RECEIVED by the ATTORNEY GENERAL, 1809–1870 WESTERN LAW and ORDER Editor: Frederick S A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Research Collections in American Legal History General Editor: Kermit Hall LETTERS RECEIVED BY THE ATTORNEY GENERAL, 1809–1870 WESTERN LAW AND ORDER Editor: Frederick S. Calhoun Associate Editor and Guide Compiled by: Martin Schipper A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway • Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Letters received by the Attorney General, 1809–1870 [microform] : western law and order / editor, Frederick S. Calhoun. microfilm reels ; 35 mm. — (Research collections in American legal history) Accompanied by a printed guide compiled by Martin P. Schipper with title: A guide to the microfilm edition of Letters received by the Attorney General, 1809–1870. ISBN 1-55655-634-9 1. United States marshals—History—19th century—Sources. 2. Law enforcement—West (U.S.)—History—19th century—Sources. 3. Criminal justice, Administration of—West (U.S.)—History—19th century—Sources. 4. United States. Attorney-General— Correspondence. 5. West (U.S.) I. Calhoun, Frederick S. II. Schipper, Martin Paul. III. University Publications of America (Firm) IV. Title: Guide to the microfilm edition of Letters received by the Attorney General, 1809–1870. V. Series. HV8144.M37 363.2'82'0973—dc20 96-32874 CIP Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-634-9. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..........................................................................................................................v Note on Sources....................................................................................................................xv Editorial Note.......................................................................................................................xvii Reel Index Reel 1 RG60, Entry 9A Arizona Territory, Box 1.................................................................................................1 Arkansas, Box 1...............................................................................................................3 Reel 2 RG60, Entry 9A cont. California, Box 1..............................................................................................................4 Colorado Territory, Box 1................................................................................................6 Reel 3 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Dakota Territory, Box 1..................................................................................................7 Idaho Territory, Box 1.....................................................................................................8 Iowa, Box 1.......................................................................................................................9 Reel 4 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Kansas, Box 1..................................................................................................................10 Louisiana, Box 1.............................................................................................................12 Reel 5 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Louisiana cont., Box 1 cont.–Box 3................................................................................12 Reel 6 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Louisiana cont., Box 3 cont............................................................................................15 Minnesota, Box 1............................................................................................................16 Reel 7 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Missouri, Box 1–Box 2.....................................................................................................17 iii Reel 8 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Montana Territory, Box 1..............................................................................................20 Nebraska, Box 1..............................................................................................................21 Nevada, Box 1.................................................................................................................22 Reel 9 RG60, Entry 9A cont. New Mexico, Box 1–Box 2..............................................................................................22 Reel 10 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Oregon, Box 1..................................................................................................................24 Texas, Box 1....................................................................................................................25 Utah Territory, Box 1.....................................................................................................26 Reel 11 RG60, Entry 9A cont. Washington Territory, Box 1.........................................................................................27 Wyoming Territory, Box 1..............................................................................................28 RG60, Entry 9B U.S. Marshal, Box 1........................................................................................................29 Materials Extracted from 5W, Box 6.............................................................................29 Re: A. Lincoln; Sarratt Case; J. W. Booth, Box 7.........................................................29 Principal Correspondents Index.....................................................................................31 Subject Index........................................................................................................................59 iv INTRODUCTION Westering Westering, John Steinbeck called it. The term captured that irresistible urge to conquer the North American continent and its native peoples. “It wasn’t Indians that were important, nor adventures, nor even getting out here,” Grandfather explained to Jody in The Red Pony. “It was a whole bunch of people made into one big crawling beast.…It was westering and westering. Every man wanted something for himself, but the big beast that was all of them wanted only westering.” They westered until they reached the ocean and the waters stopped them. “But it wasn’t getting here that mattered,” the old man added, “it was movement and westering.” Westering was more than simple wanderlust, more than Daniel Boone searching for elbow room. “We carried life out here and set it down the way those ants carry eggs,” Grandfather remembered. From that life grew a continental nation. Never just the wandering or the crossing, westering meant conquering and the chance to create, to build, to begin anew with fresh opportunities and the faith that things could always be better. Westering balanced hope with struggle, challenge with despair and hardship and triumph. The big beast settled a continent. It stopped at the water’s edge because it had nowhere left to go. The beast had run out of room.1 The law—and its lawmen—came behind, caught in the slipstream of the westering. First came the explorers, then the hunters and the miners, followed by the settlers. The law trailed them all. Yet, when the law came, it conquered. It defined the settlements and guided their growth from sod houses to villages, then communities, territories, and ultimately states. The law meant civilization and order, process and regulation. It was the ultimate legacy of the westering, the indelible mark of the conquering. Letters Received by the Attorney General, 1809–1870 University Publications of America is making the record of that legacy readily available. Through Western Law and Order, it has taken on the daunting task of microfilming the documents preserved at the National Archives related to the law’s westering. The initial microfilm collection contains the documents stored in the Records of the Attorney General’s Office: Letters Received, 1809–1870, which is part of Record Group 60, General Records of the Department of Justice. These records, of course, v compose but half the story. They are the requests, pleadings, worries, gripes, and grumblings of the U.S. attorneys, marshals, judges, governors, territorial officials, and private citizens writing to the attorney general. They describe the problems and tribulations, the pettiness and the strivings of those who westered. Grouped by territory or state of origin, the letters are organized chronologically by author’s office or position. Hence, the correspondence of the U.S. attorney for Arizona comprises one file, that from the several justices of the territorial court make up another. The complaints, concerns, and opinions of private citizens seeking justice, or sometimes just solace, comprise yet another file. “We are on a volcano here and expect to have lively times,” U.S. Marshal Henry Barrows of Southern California warned Attorney General Edward Bates in 1861 about the divided loyalties brought on by the Civil War.2 Those times—and all the other times—in all their liveliness, are faithfully recorded here. The Letters Received offer the earliest record of the expansion of federal law westward. They document the history of the growth of federal justice, geographically and administratively. The correspondence describes more than the problems of setting up territorial governments; it also details the difficulties encountered by federal officials abutting a people proudly independent. In March 1855, for example, U.S. Attorney Joseph Hallman of Utah fretted about Governor Brigham Young’s interference in a federal case. Hallman saw it as one of Young’s “attempts to stretch his power and connect church and state.” It seemed clear evidence of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • LINCOLN's OFFICIAL FAMILY-Bffiuography
    LINCOLN LORE Bulletin of the Lincoln National Life Foundation -- --- Dr. Louis A. WarreniEditor Published each week by The Lincoln National Life Insurance Company, Fort Wayne, ndlana Number 753 FORT WAYNE, INDIANA September 13, 1943 LINCOLN'S OFFICIAL FAMILY-BffiUOGRAPHY Sometimes the appearance of a new Salmon P. Chase, 1861-1864 Seward, F. W., Stward at Wa8hington book will call to the attention of the 1.18 Senat<w and Secretary of State, public a considerable number of titles Schuckers, J. W., Life and Public Serv· ices of Salm<m Portland Clwse, 1846·1881, 650pp., 1891. with which it may be classified. Gideon Seward, F. W., Seward at Washington \Velles, Lincoln's Navy Department, 669pp., 1874. is such a book. Chase, S. P., AgaimJt tl~ Re,Jealof the as Sent~.t<w and Secretary of State, Missottri Prohibition of Suwery, 1861-187!, 561pp., 1891. Just outside the pale which separates 16pJ>., 1854. Bancroft, F., Life of William H. Sew· Lincolniana from a general library is ard, 2 vols., 1900. an indefinite number of books called Luthin, R. H., Salmon P. Chase'tt P(}o­ collateral items. A bibliography of this litical Career Bef&re the Civil ll'ar. Seward, 0. R., William H. Seward's (23) pp., 1943. Travel• Arormd the World, 730pp., large number of Lincoln J'cference 1873. items has never been attempted, except Chase, S. P., Diary and Cor-rcttpon· in Civil War compilations, where many tlence of S. P. Cl1.0.11c, 2 vols., 1903. Seward, W. H., Recent SpeecJwg and of them properly belong, yet, most of Writing• of William H.
    [Show full text]
  • Redbook-1896 (26GA)
    • • • JEleventb lj)ear.-. ©fficial Ipubltebefc bg tbe • • • Secretary of State • •. ©tfcer of tbc general S)cs , State Iprintct. 1890, . Q 96 6 z 96 z z Id z ES D 00 D 0 3 Id r a: CO 0 0 D Id or W is H u. (0 W fe H •5. 1- Jan 1 9 3 4 July 1 3 4 CJUII* 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 BO 31 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 1 Feb. 2 8 4 5 6 7 8 flUfl- 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 23 z4 2fc 26 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 Mar. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Sept- '6 '7 8 9 0 11 12 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 •22 23 24 25 26 29 30 31 27 28 29 30 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 April 5 6 7 8 9 11 Oct- 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 13 14 15 16 170 18 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 27 28 29 30 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 1 2 8 4 5 6 7 Mau 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Nov- 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 C O 1 2 4 5 C 1 2 3 4 5 June O Dec- '7 8 9 10 11 12 *6 '7 8 9 11 12 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 20121 22 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 Official Register EXECUTIVE OFFICERS.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of the California Supreme Court in Its First Three Decades, 1850–1879
    BOOK SECTION A HISTORY OF THE CALIFORNIA SUPREME COURT IN ITS FIRST THREE DECADES, 1850–1879 293 A HISTORY OF THE CALIFORNIA SUPREME COURT IN ITS FIRST THREE DECADES, 1850–1879 ARNOLD ROTH* PREFACE he history of the United States has been written not merely in the “T halls of Congress, in the Executive offices, and on the battlefields, but to a great extent in the chambers of the Supreme Court of the United States.”1 It is no exaggeration to say that the Supreme Court of California holds an analogous position in the history of the Golden State. The discovery of gold made California a turbulent and volatile state during the first decades of statehood. The presence of the precious ore transformed an essentially pastoral society into an active commercial and industrial society. Drawn to what was once a relatively tranquil Mexican province was a disparate population from all sections of the United States and from many foreign nations. Helping to create order from veritable chaos was the California Supreme Court. The Court served the dual function of bringing a settled * Ph.D., University of Southern California, 1973 (see Preface for additional information). 1 Charles Warren, The Supreme Court in United States History, vol. I (2 vols.; rev. ed., Boston; Little, Brown, and Company, 1922, 1926), 1. 294 CALIFORNIA LEGAL HISTORY ✯ VOLUME 14, 2019 order of affairs to the state, and also, in a less noticeable role, of providing a sense of continuity with the rest of the nation by bringing the state into the mainstream of American law.
    [Show full text]
  • The Doolittle Family in America, 1856
    TheDoolittlefamilyinAmerica WilliamFrederickDoolittle,LouiseS.Brown,MalissaR.Doolittle THE DOOLITTLE F AMILY IN A MERICA (PART I V.) YCOMPILED B WILLIAM F REDERICK DOOLITTLE, M. D. Sacred d ust of our forefathers, slumber in peace! Your g raves be the shrine to which patriots wend, And swear tireless vigilance never to cease Till f reedom's long struggle with tyranny end. :" ' :,. - -' ; ., :; .—Anon. 1804 Thb S avebs ft Wa1ts Pr1nt1ng Co., Cleveland Look w here we may, the wide earth o'er, Those l ighted faces smile no more. We t read the paths their feet have worn, We s it beneath their orchard trees, We h ear, like them, the hum of bees And rustle of the bladed corn ; We turn the pages that they read, Their w ritten words we linger o'er, But in the sun they cast no shade, No voice is heard, no sign is made, No s tep is on the conscious floor! Yet Love will dream and Faith will trust (Since He who knows our need is just,) That somehow, somewhere, meet we must. Alas for him who never sees The stars shine through his cypress-trees ! Who, hopeless, lays his dead away, \Tor looks to see the breaking day \cross the mournful marbles play ! >Vho hath not learned in hours of faith, The t ruth to flesh and sense unknown, That Life is ever lord of Death, ; #..;£jtfl Love" ca:1 -nt ver lose its own! V°vOl' THE D OOLITTLE FAMILY V.PART I SIXTH G ENERATION. The l ife given us by Nature is short, but the memory of a well-spent life is eternal.
    [Show full text]
  • Wyoming Pre-Statehood Legal Materials: an Annotated Bibliography
    Wyoming Law Review Volume 7 Number 1 Article 2 January 2007 Wyoming Pre-Statehood Legal Materials: An Annotated Bibliography Debora A. Person Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/wlr Recommended Citation Person, Debora A. (2007) "Wyoming Pre-Statehood Legal Materials: An Annotated Bibliography," Wyoming Law Review: Vol. 7 : No. 1 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarship.law.uwyo.edu/wlr/vol7/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wyoming Law Review by an authorized editor of Law Archive of Wyoming Scholarship. Person: Wyoming Pre-Statehood Legal Materials: An Annotated Bibliography WYOMING LAW REVIEW VOLUME 7 2007 NUMBER 1 Editor's Note The following bibliography is Part I of a two-part guide to the history and development ofWyoming law, compiled and annotated by University ofWyoming College of Law Associate Law Librarian Debora A. Person. Part I on Wyoming Pre-statehood Legal Materials contains both primary and selected secondary resources covering pre-Wyoming Territory, the administration of the Wyoming Territory, and the establishment of Wyoming as a state. This section was previ- ously published in 2005 in PrestatehoodLegal Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the District of Columbia, edited by Michael Chiorazzi, J.D., M.L.L. and Marguerite Most, J.D., M.L.L. It is reprinted here with permission from Haworth Press, Inc. Part II of the annotated bibliography is forthcoming in Wyoming Law Review, Volume 7, Number 2, which will be published in summer, 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • The Catholic Conscience and the Defense of Dr. Mudd by Lorle Porter (Concluded, from Vol
    Vol. XXXVI, No. 12 December, 2011 The Catholic Conscience and the Defense of Dr. Mudd By Lorle Porter (Concluded, from Vol. XXXVI, No. 11) And his adopted brother William T. Sherman was being puffed as a presidential candidate–the last thing either man needed was association with the political “hot potato” of the day. Prosecutors such as the posturing and violent Ohioan John Bingham, were prepared to use their roles in the trial as political launching pads. Defense attorneys could look forward to nothing but vilification. Attempting to explain Ewing’s decision to join the defense, a 1980 television docudrama The Ordeal of Dr. Mudd, would depict a sequence in which General Ewing, walking down a Georgetown street, overheard a frantic Frances Mudd pleading with an attorney to defend her husband. The following scene showed Mrs. Mudd praying in a non- denominational church, only to be approached by General Ewing with an offer to help. Queried as to why a Union officer would undertake the case, Ewing Dr. Samuel Mudd merely quoted his grandfather’s admonition to follow (Libraryof Congress) an honorable path in life. The scene is fictional, if not In what would become the final month of totally implausible, given Ewing’s “lofty ideals.” the war, March, 1865, Tom Ewing went to However, if placed in a Catholic church, the scene Washington to submit his military resignation to would have been credible, especially in a symbolic Abraham Lincoln, a personal friend. His brother sense. At heart, Ewing undertook the case to defend Bub (Hugh Boyle) was back at Geisborough helping a man of his community.
    [Show full text]
  • Principal State and Territorial Officers
    / 2 PRINCIPAL STATE AND TERRITORIAL OFFICERS EXECUTIVE OFFICERS Atlorneys .... State Governors Lieulenanl Governors General . Secretaries of State. Alabama. James E. Foisoin J.C.Inzer .A. .A.. Carniichael Sibyl Pool Arizona Dan E. Garvey None Fred O. Wilson Wesley Boiin . Arkansas. Sid McMath Nathan Gordon Ike Marry . C. G. Hall California...... Earl Warren Goodwin J. Knight • Fred N. Howser Frank M. Jordan Colorado........ Lee Knous Walter W. Jolinson John W. Metzger George J. Baker Connecticut... Chester Bowles Wm. T. Carroll William L. Hadden Mrs. Winifred McDonald Delaware...:.. Elbert N. Carvel A. duPont Bayard .Mbert W. James Harris B. McDowell, Jr. Florida.. Fuller Warren None Richard W. Ervin R.A.Gray Georgia Herman Talmadge Marvin Griffin Eugene Cook Ben W. Fortson, Jr. * Idaho ;C. A. Robins D. S. Whitehead Robert E. Sniylie J.D.Price IlUnola. .-\dlai E. Stevenson Sher^vood Dixon Ivan.A. Elliott Edward J. Barrett Indiana Henry F. Schricker John A. Walkins J. Etnmett McManamon Charles F. Fleiiiing Iowa Wm. S.'Beardsley K.A.Evans Robert L. Larson Melvin D. Synhorst Kansas Frank Carlson Frank L. Hagainan Harold R. Fatzer (a) Larry Ryan Kentucky Earle C. Clements Lawrence Wetherby A. E. Funk • George Glenn Hatcher Louisiana Earl K. Long William J. Dodd Bolivar E. Kemp Wade O. Martin. Jr. Maine.. Frederick G. Pgynp None Ralph W. Farris Harold I. Goss Maryland...... Wm. Preston Lane, Jr. None Hall Hammond Vivian V. Simpson Massachusetts. Paul A. Dever C. F. Jeff Sullivan Francis E. Kelly Edward J. Croiiin Michigan G. Mennen Williams John W. Connolly Stephen J. Roth F. M. Alger, Jr.- Minnesota.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Lincoln Papers
    Abraham Lincoln papers From Thomas Worcester to Abraham Lincoln, May 16, 1864 Dear Sir, It is a constant subject of thankfulness with me, that you are where you are. And it is my belief that the Divine Providence is using your honesty, kindness, patience and intelligence as means of carrying us through our present troubles. 1 I see that you hesitate with regard to retaliation, and I am glad of it. Your feelings of kindness and regard to justice do not allow you to take the severe course, which is most obvious. Now I feel great confidence that you will be led to the best conclusions; but while you are hesitating, I am tempted to offer a suggestion. 1 This is a reference to the Fort Pillow massacre that occurred on April 12 when black soldiers attempted to surrender and were given no quarter. Lincoln carefully considered an appropriate response to this outrage. On May 3, he convened a meeting of the cabinet and requested each member to submit a written opinion that recommended a course of action to take in response to the massacre. At a cabinet meeting on May 6, each member read his opinion on the case and after receiving this advice, Lincoln began to draft a set of instructions for Secretary of War Stanton to implement. Apparently Lincoln became distracted by other matters, such as Grant's campaign against Lee and these instructions were neither completed nor submitted to the War Department. For the written opinions of the cabinet, see Edward Bates to Lincoln, May 4, 1864; William H.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Lincoln: Preserving the Union and the Constitution
    ABRAHAM LINCOLN: PRESERVING THE UNION AND THE CONSTITUTION Louis Fisher* I. THE MEXICAN WAR ..................................................................505 A. Polk Charges Treason ...................................................507 B. The Spot Resolutions ....................................................508 C. Scope of Presidential Power .........................................510 II. DRED SCOTT DECISION ...........................................................512 III. THE CIVIL WAR .....................................................................513 A. The Inaugural Address.................................................515 B. Resupplying Fort Sumter .............................................518 C. War Begins ...................................................................520 D. Lincoln’s Message to Congress .....................................521 E. Constitutionality of Lincoln’s Actions .......................... 523 F. Suspending the Writ .....................................................524 G. Statutory Endorsement ................................................527 H. Lincoln’s Blockade .......................................................528 IV. COMPARING POLK AND LINCOLN ...........................................531 * Specialist in constitutional law, Law Library, Library of Congress. This paper was presented at the Albany Government Law Review’s symposium, “Lincoln’s Legacy: Enduring Lessons of Executive Power,” held on September 30 and October 1, 2009. My appreciation to David Gray Adler, Richard
    [Show full text]
  • The Unitary Executive During the Second Half-Century
    THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE SECOND HALF-CENTURY * STEVEN G. CALABRESI ** CHRISTOPHER S. YOO I. INTRODUCTION .....................................................668 II. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE JACKSONIAN PERIOD, 1837-1861 .........................669 A. Martin Van Buren .................................................670 B. William H. Harrison ..............................................678 C. John Tyler...............................................................682 D. James K. Polk..........................................................688 E. Zachary Taylor.......................................................694 F. Millard Fillmore.....................................................698 G. Franklin Pierce.......................................................704 H. James Buchanan .....................................................709 III. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE CIVIL WAR, 1861-1869 ..................................717 A. Abraham Lincoln....................................................718 B. Andrew Johnson.....................................................737 C. The Tenure of Office Act and the Impeachment of Andrew Johnson .................................................746 IV. THE UNITARY EXECUTIVE DURING THE GILDED AGE, 1869-1889................................759 A. Ulysses S. Grant ....................................................759 B. Rutherford B. Hayes...............................................769 C. James A. Garfield....................................................780 D. Chester
    [Show full text]
  • Thomas Ewing Family Papers
    Thomas Ewing Family Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 2005 Contact information: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/mss.contact Additional search options available at: http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.mss/eadmss.ms005009 LC Online Catalog record: http://lccn.loc.gov/mm79020099 Prepared by Daniel Gilham and Allan Teichroew Revised and expanded by Margaret McAleer Collection Summary Title: Thomas Ewing Family Papers Span Dates: 1757-1941 Bulk Dates: (bulk 1815-1896) ID No.: MSS20099 Creator: Ewing family Extent: 94,000 items ; 303 containers plus 11 oversize ; 123.2 linear feet Language: Collection material in English Location: Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. Summary: Correspondence, diaries, journals, legal files, military records, speeches and writings, reports, notes, autographs, scrapbooks, biographical material, commonplace books, financial records, genealogies, photographs, printed matter, and maps pertaining to members of the Ewing family including Thomas Ewing (1789-1871), senator from Ohio and cabinet member; Thomas Ewing (1829-1896), Union general during the Civil War and congressman from Ohio; Ellen Ewing Sherman and her husband, William T. Sherman, Civil War general; and Thomas Ewing (1862-1942), lawyer, writer, and patent commissioner. Selected Search Terms The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Library's online catalog. They are grouped by name of person or organization, by subject or location, and by occupation and listed alphabetically therein. People Beecher, Philemon, 1775-1839--Correspondence. Biddle, Nicholas, 1786-1844--Correspondence. Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893--Correspondence. Browning, Orville Hickman, 1806-1881--Correspondence.
    [Show full text]
  • Civil War in the Lone Star State
    page 1 Dear Texas History Lover, Texas has a special place in history and in the minds of people throughout the world. It has a mystique that no other state and few foreign countries have ever equaled. Texas also has the distinction of being the only state in America that was an independent country for almost 10 years, free and separate, recognized as a sovereign gov- ernment by the United States, France and England. The pride and confidence of Texans started in those years, and the “Lone Star” emblem, a symbol of those feelings, was developed through the adventures and sacrifices of those that came before us. The Handbook of Texas Online is a digital project of the Texas State Historical Association. The online handbook offers a full-text searchable version of the complete text of the original two printed volumes (1952), the six-volume printed set (1996), and approximately 400 articles not included in the print editions due to space limitations. The Handbook of Texas Online officially launched on February 15, 1999, and currently includes nearly 27,000 en- tries that are free and accessible to everyone. The development of an encyclopedia, whether digital or print, is an inherently collaborative process. The Texas State Historical Association is deeply grateful to the contributors, Handbook of Texas Online staff, and Digital Projects staff whose dedication led to the launch of the Handbook of Civil War Texas in April 2011. As the sesquicentennial of the war draws to a close, the Texas State Historical Association is offering a special e- book to highlight the role of Texans in the Union and Confederate war efforts.
    [Show full text]