Consulted Chronicles

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more

appendix Consulted Chronicles Legend: **** has an exceptionally international outlook *** contains frequent mentions of international (French/Netherlandish) news ** contains some remarks on situation in neighbouring country * contains no remarks on foreign situation at all/ concerned only with local or national events NB: I use the term ‘chronicle’ interchangeably with ‘diary’. For more information on the use of these terms, see my Introduction. 1 France 1.1 Angers 1. Jehan Louvet (?–after 1634) ** Jehan Louvet, ‘Récit véritable de tout ce qui est advenu digne de mémoire tant en la ville d’Angers, pays d’Anjou et autres lieux (depuis l’an 1560 jusqu’à l’an 1634)’, Revue de l’Anjou et de Maine et Loire (1854–1856) vol. 1, pp. 257–304; vol. 2, pp. 1–64; vol. 3, pp. 129–192. Chronicle written by a clerk in the civil registry of Angers, who was an enthusiastic ligueur. His interests varied from local marriages to disasters and battles abroad. He sporadically refers to the troubles in the Netherlands. Although Louvet probably wrote his account after 1589, he must have had access to notes from earlier years (written by himself or by others), since he also described events from the 1560s in detail. 1.2 Annonay 2. Achille Gamon (1530–1597) * Achille Gamon, Mémoires de Achille Gamon, avocat d’Annonay en Vivarais (1552– 1586), ed. J. Brun-Durand (Geneva: Slatkine Reprints, 1971). The memoirs of Achille Gamon, advocat and alderman in Annonay, focus on local events, which are sparsely interlarded with news from Lyon, Avignon, and Paris. © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2021 | doi:10.1163/9789004423336_010 Rosanne M. Baars - 9789004423336 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 11:10:27AM via free access 212 appendix 1.3 Bar-sur-Seine 3. Jacques Carorguy (c. 1555/1560–after 1595) ** Jacques Carorguy, Mémoires de Jacques Carorguy: greffier de Bar-sur Seine, 1582–95, ed. Edmond M. Bruwaert (Paris: A. Picard, 1880). This clerk of the bailiff of Bar-sur-Seine, a moderate Catholic, recorded the rumours he heard in his hometown. The chronicle mentions some news on Flanders, most of it in connection with Farnese. 1.4 Bordeaux 4. Jean de Gaufreteau * Jean de Gaufreteau, Chronique Bordeloise. Tome premier, 1240 à 1599, ed. Jules Délpit (Bordeaux: Lefebvre, 1877). Chronicle, written by a judge in Bordeaux, focuses almost exclusively on his home- town. It mentions the Netherlands only once, after the death of Anjou in 1584, com- plaining that the latter’s trip to the Netherlands had ruined his health. 1.5 Castres 5. Jean Faurin (1530–1605) ** Jean Faurin, Journal sur les guerres de Castres, ed. M. de la Pijardière (Montpellier: Firmin & Cabénne, 1878). Huguenot account of the events in Castres and its surroundings between 1559 and 1602. Faurin, a committed Calvinist, also noted important events for international Protestantism, such as the murder of William of Orange, and the defeat of the Armada. 6. Jacques Gaches (1553–1646?) * Jacques Gaches, Mémoires sur les guerres de religion à Castres et dans le Languedoc (1555–1610), ed. Charles Pradel (Paris: Sandoz et Fischbacher, 1879). Memoirs of the wars of religion in the surroundings of Castres, without any refer- ences to the situation in the Low Countries. 1.6 Chartres 7. Sébastien le Pelletier (before 1579–after 1592) ** Sébastien Le Pelletier, Histoire de Sébastien Le Pelletier. Prêtre ligueur et maître de grammaire des enfants de choeur de la cathédrale de Chartres pendant les guerres de la Ligue (1579–1592), ed. Xavier Le Person (Geneva: Droz, 2006). Catholic priest, admirer of the Tridentine author Claude de Sainctes, and ligueur was teacher of grammar to the choristers of the Chartres cathedral from 1583 to ca. 1593. He made daily records of the events in Chartres from 1589 onwards. His chron- icle reflects Pelletier’s worries about the fate of the Catholics in France. He added a description of the years 1579–1588 at a later stage. He incidentally mentions pam- phlets, but only sporadically recorded international news. Rosanne M. Baars - 9789004423336 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 11:10:27AM via free access Consulted Chronicles 213 1.7 Laon 8. Antoine Richart (after 1525–1603) ** Antoine Richart, Mémoires sur la Ligue dans le Laonnois (Laon: Société académique de Laon, 1869). Richart was a financial officer in Laon. A committed royalist, he expressed an aver- sion to the Ligue. His writings constitute an exceptional source for the troubles of the Ligue in Laon and its surroundings. He rewrote his chronicle after Henry IV had retaken Laon in 1595–1596. He mentions very few foreign events, but makes some com- parisons between the troubles in the Netherlands and France. 1.8 Millau 9. Calvinist from Millau (?–after 1582) ** Mémoires d’un calviniste de Millau, ed. J.L. Rigal (Rodez: Imprimerie Carrère, 1911). This anonymous Calvinist chronicler in Millau in the Midi-Pyrenées was probably an artisan. He recorded tidings he heard in his hometown and takes a strong Calvinist point of view. He was well informed about the wars in the Netherlands and sporadi- cally comments on them. 1.9 Montferrand (Clermont-Ferrand) 10. Jehan de Vernyes, (?–after 1593) * Jehan de Vernyes, Mémoires de Jehan de Vernyes, 1589–1593, ed. Benoît Gonod (Clermont-Ferrand: Thibaud-Landriot, 1838). This memoir, written by the president of the Court of Aids in Montferrand, who was also councillor of Henry IV, consists of a history of the troubles in the Haute-Auvergne during the early 1590s. It mostly covers the wars between (local) noblemen. De Vernyes does not write about foreign events. 1.10 Montpellier 11. Jean Philippi (1518–1603) * Jean Philippi, Mémoires de Jean Philippi touchant les choses advenues pour la faict de la religion à Montpellier et dans le Bas-Languedoc (1560–1600), ed. Léon Gaudin (Montpellier: J. Martel, 1880). This chronicle, written by the president of the ‘Cour des Aides’ in Montpellier focuses on local events during the Wars of Religion. 1.11 Paris 12. Pierre de L’Estoile (1546–1611) **** Pierre de L’Estoile, Journal de l’Estoile pour le règne de Henri IV. I: 1589–1600, ed. Louis Raymond Lefèvre (Paris: Gallimard, 1948). Pierre de L’Estoile, Registre-journal du règne de Henri III, ed. Madeleine Lazard and Gilbert Schrenck (6 vols., Geneva: Droz, 1992–2003) Rosanne M. Baars - 9789004423336 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 11:10:27AM via free access 214 appendix Pierre de L’Estoile, Registre-journal du règne de Henri IV. Volume 1 (1589–1591), ed. Gilbert Schrenck, Xavier Le Person and Volker Mecking (Geneva: Droz, 2011). Pierre de L’Estoile, Registre-journal du règne de Henri IV. Volume 2 (1592–1594), ed. Xavier le Person (Geneva: Droz, 2014). The Parisian diarist and collector Pierre de L’Estoile is one of the most important sources for life in France during the Wars of Religion. Like many sixteenth-century chroniclers, he studied law and became a notary. He worked as an audiencier for the Chancellerie de France for most of his life. He kept an extensive diary between 1574 and 1611, in which he inserted many pamphlets and contemporary poetry. A moder- ate Catholic, he was arrested by the radical Catholic Seize regime in 1589. L’Estoile showed a keen interest in European affairs and regularly wrote about the troubles in the Netherlands. 13. Pierre Fayet ** Pierre Fayet, Journal historique de Pierre Fayet sur les troubles de la ligue, ed. Victor Luzarche (Tours: Ladevèze, 1852). Chronicler Pierre Fayet was clerk of the Prévoté des Étampes in Paris and had a par- ticular interest in astrology and famous men of his times. He eagerly followed news about Alexander Farnese and his son and recorded many details about the outfit and general appearance of noblemen. The text mentions foreign news when it concerned royals: Don Juan, Elizabeth of England, Philip II. 14. Jehan de la Fosse (c. 1525–1590) *** Jehan de la Fosse, Les « Mémoires » d’un curé de Paris au temps des guerres de religion (1557–1590), ed. Marc Venard (Geneva: Droz, 2004). Jehan de la Fosse, son of an Amiens lawyer, went to Paris to become curate of the parish of Saint-Barthélémy on the Île-de-la-cité. He kept daily notes of events. Most of his information he got from hearsay, although he mentions some edicts he has read. He supported the Guises, but occasionally expressed his admiration for Henry of Navarre. He often mentions news from the Netherlands that reached Paris. 15. François Grin (c. 1535–after 1570) * François Grin, ‘Journal de François Grin, religieux de Saint-Victor (1554–1570)’, ed. Baron Alphonse de Rublé, Mémoires de la Société de l’histoire de Paris et de l’Ile-de- France, 21 (1894), pp. 1–51. This chronicle was written by a canon of the Paris abbey of St Victor between 1554 and 1570. It is a rich source for Parisian processions and ceremonies, but does not include news from the Netherlands. Rosanne M. Baars - 9789004423336 Downloaded from Brill.com09/28/2021 11:10:27AM via free access Consulted Chronicles 215 16. Nicolas Brûlart (1528–1597) * Nicolas Brûlart, Journal d’un ligueur parisien des barricades à la levée du Siege de Paris par Henri IV (1588–1590), ed. Xavier le Person (Geneva: Droz, 1999). Nicolas Brûlart was a canon of Notre Dame and Master of Requests at the Parlement de Paris. He kept a daily account of the events in Paris from the Day of the Barricades in May 1588 to the ending of the siege of Paris by Henry IV in 1590. Xavier le Person has pointed out that Brûlart had a very good ear for ‘les bruits de la rue’ but he does not record any news from the Netherlands.
Recommended publications
  • Cover Page the Handle

    Cover Page the Handle

    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29686 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Eekhout, Maria Francisca Davina Title: Material memories of the Dutch Revolt : the urban memory landscape in the Low Countries, 1566 – 1700 Issue Date: 2014-11-12 Marianne Eekhout Chapter 3 – Between public and private. Cherishing commemorative objects at home In 1626 skipper Dirk Scheij sailed his ship down the river Rhine from Cologne to supply the Dutch Republic’s troops. He succeeded in doing so without being captured by the Habsburg army, and as a reward he received a silver cup that displayed his journey (fig.25).1 The gift not only served as token of appreciation for his bravery but also exemplifies how individual achievements were honored in the seventeenth-century Low Countries. What set this cup apart from the relics we have seen in the previous chapter was the fact that the object itself had not witnessed the event but had been made specially to commemorate what had happened. While relics could come in every shape or size, and ranged from cannonballs to pigeons, these mementoes were often subject Fig.25 Samuel Vercoigne, silver cup to artistic conventions and frames of reference received by Dirck Scheij for his which people were familiar with and considered extraordinary achievement during the 2 appropriate for commemorative objects. Revolt (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam). Therefore they took more traditional forms, such as tapestries, paintings, prints as well as medals and objects made of silver. The aim of this chapter, however, is not to present an overview of objects made specially to commemorate the Revolt but rather to focus on how these objects entered the home, how they became part of someone’s personal identity and what happened to them after the original owner died.
  • University of Groningen Nederlandse Ingenieurs En De

    University of Groningen Nederlandse Ingenieurs En De

    University of Groningen Nederlandse ingenieurs en de fortificatiewerken in het eerste tijdperk van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1573-1604 Westra, Frans IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1992 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Westra, F. (1992). Nederlandse ingenieurs en de fortificatiewerken in het eerste tijdperk van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1573-1604. Groningen: s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 12-11-2019 Summary Dutch engineers and the fortifications in the first developments in fortifications and it was here that period of the Eighty Years War, 1573-1604 the pentagonal bastion, which originated from Byzantium, came into use in the beginning of the Due to legislation the major part of the fortifica­ 16th century.
  • Dutch Royal Family

    Dutch Royal Family

    Dutch Royal Family A Wikipedia Compilation by Michael A. Linton PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information. PDF generated at: Fri, 08 Nov 2013 22:31:29 UTC Contents Articles Dutch monarchs family tree 1 Chalon-Arlay 6 Philibert of Chalon 8 Claudia of Chalon 9 Henry III of Nassau-Breda 10 René of Chalon 14 House of Nassau 16 Johann V of Nassau-Vianden-Dietz 34 William I, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg 35 Juliana of Stolberg 37 William the Silent 39 John VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg 53 Philip William, Prince of Orange 56 Maurice, Prince of Orange 58 Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange 63 Amalia of Solms-Braunfels 67 Ernest Casimir I, Count of Nassau-Dietz 70 William II, Prince of Orange 73 Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 77 Charles I of England 80 Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau 107 William Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Dietz 110 William III of England 114 Mary II of England 133 Henry Casimir II, Prince of Nassau-Dietz 143 John William III, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach 145 John William Friso, Prince of Orange 147 Landgravine Marie Louise of Hesse-Kassel 150 Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz 155 Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach 158 William IV, Prince of Orange 159 Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange 163 George II of Great Britain 167 Princess Carolina of Orange-Nassau 184 Charles Christian, Prince of Nassau-Weilburg 186 William V, Prince of Orange 188 Wilhelmina of Prussia, Princess of Orange 192 Princess Louise of Orange-Nassau 195 William I of the Netherlands
  • Smith, Justin Samuel Ewald (2017) "The Sword and the Law": Elizabethan Soldiers’ Perception and Practice of the Laws of Armed Conflict, 1569-1587

    Smith, Justin Samuel Ewald (2017) "The Sword and the Law": Elizabethan Soldiers’ Perception and Practice of the Laws of Armed Conflict, 1569-1587

    Smith, Justin Samuel Ewald (2017) "The Sword and the Law": Elizabethan soldiers’ perception and practice of the laws of armed conflict, 1569-1587. PhD thesis. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8552/ Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten:Theses http://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] ‘The Sword and the Law’: Elizabethan Soldiers’ Perception and Practice of the Laws of Armed Conflict, 1569-1587 Justin Samuel Ewald Smith MLitt, BA Submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, History School of Humanities College of Arts University of Glasgow October 2017 3 Abstract This thesis argues that contemporary views of the laws of arms among soldiers, and of the laws of war by legal theorists, influenced particular military campaigns and individual actions in a variety of armed conflicts. Elizabeth I’s officer corps were careful to act in wars so that their actions would be seen as honourable by outside observers in the belief that such actions would add to their personal glory. Their individual and corporate perception of the laws of war directly affected military practices.
  • Introduction

    Introduction

    Copyrighted Material CHAPTER ONE Introduction IN THE SPRING OF 1575 the Northern Quarter of Holland, the region north of the River IJ, was a fortress under siege. The Beggar rebels who held it were cut off from their fellow insurgents in South Holland and Zeeland. The government army had dug itself into a heavily fortified but not easily defensible bridgehead, which extended from Naarden and Mui­ den in the east through Amsterdam to Haarlem, thus driving a wedge between the two areas in rebel hands. For the central government in Brus­ sels it was vitally important to reconquer North Holland from the rebels, and so break through the virtual encirclement of Amsterdam, which had remained loyal to Church and King. The Amsterdammers were suffering great hardship, above all because the rebels in North Holland had cut their trade and shipping routes. On 26 April Wouter Jacobszoon, a monk who had taken refuge in Amsterdam, noted in his diary a rumor that the Spanish army was getting ready for a new campaign. “A gruesome apparatus of war” was being prepared to “attack or overpower” the re­ bels by force.1 Not long before, Brother Wouter had been leading a peaceful and or­ derly life as prior of the Augustinian monastery at Stein near Gouda. But when his fellow townsmen opened their gates to a Beggar band in June 1572, he and many others had fled. Although he found a temporary refuge in Amsterdam he did not feel safe there. The city was swarming with asylum seekers, who posed serious problems for the magistrates.
  • University of Groningen Nederlandse Ingenieurs En De Fortificatiewerken

    University of Groningen Nederlandse Ingenieurs En De Fortificatiewerken

    University of Groningen Nederlandse ingenieurs en de fortificatiewerken in het eerste tijdperk van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1573-1604 Westra, Frans IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1992 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Westra, F. (1992). Nederlandse ingenieurs en de fortificatiewerken in het eerste tijdperk van de Tachtigjarige Oorlog, 1573-1604. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 28-09-2021 Summary Dutch engineers and the fortifications in the first developments in fortifications and it was here that period of the Eighty Years War, 1573-1604 the pentagonal bastion, which originated from Byzantium, came into use in the beginning of the Due to legislation the major part of the fortifica­ 16th century.
  • The Political Consequences of the Military Inundations During the Dutch Revolt

    The Political Consequences of the Military Inundations During the Dutch Revolt

    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2016 Wrestling with Neptune: The olitP ical Consequences of the Military Inundations during the Dutch Revolt Robert Tiegs Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Tiegs, Robert, "Wrestling with Neptune: The oP litical Consequences of the Military Inundations during the Dutch Revolt" (2016). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 3931. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/3931 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. WRESTLING WITH NEPTUNE: THE POLITICAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE MILITARY INUNDATIONS DURING THE DUTCH REVOLT A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of History by Robert John Tiegs B.A., University of South Dakota, 2005 M.A., University of North Dakota, 2009 May 2016 To Jenn and the twins. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Every dissertation and work of research is a journey. Although less dangerous than recovering stolen gold or destroying a magic ring, the task is similarly daunting. Just like Frodo, I could not have completed my quest without the help and support of a strong fellowship of advisors, family, and friends. At different times in my journey all of them have provided me with the aid and encouragement which I required.
  • By Pike and Dyke: a Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A

    By Pike and Dyke: a Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A

    1 CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI By Pike and Dyke: A Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A. Henty 2 CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI By Pike and Dyke: A Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A. Henty The Project Gutenberg EBook of By Pike and Dyke: A Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A. Henty (#11 in our series by G.A. Henty) Copyright laws are changing all over the world. Be sure to check the copyright laws for your country before downloading or redistributing this or any other Project Gutenberg eBook. This header should be the first thing seen when viewing this Project Gutenberg file. Please do not remove it. Do not change or edit the header without written permission. Please read the "legal small print," and other information about the eBook and Project Gutenberg at the bottom of this file. Included is important information about your specific rights and restrictions in how the file may be used. You can also find out about how to make a donation to Project Gutenberg, and how to get involved. **Welcome To The World of Free Plain Vanilla Electronic Texts** **eBooks Readable By Both Humans and By Computers, Since 1971** *****These eBooks Were Prepared By Thousands of Volunteers!***** By Pike and Dyke: A Tale of the Rise of the Dutch Republic by G.A.
  • Cover Page the Handle Holds

    Cover Page the Handle Holds

    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29686 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Eekhout, Maria Francisca Davina Title: Material memories of the Dutch Revolt : the urban memory landscape in the Low Countries, 1566 – 1700 Issue Date: 2014-11-12 Marianne Eekhout Chapter 5 – Beyond the city. Propagating the Revolt in a regional network In the 1620s the magistrates of two cities in Holland commissioned paintings to celebrate and remember their own past. The West Frisian city of Enkhuizen paid painter Abraham de Verwer in 1621 to depict the victorious 1573 battle of the Zuiderzee for the aldermen’s room in the town hall (fig.44).1 The magistrate of Haarlem commissioned a rendition of the lost 1573 battle on the Haarlemmermeer from Hendrik Vroom for the council chamber in the town hall in 1629.2 The motivation behind the commissions of these paintings was similar. In 1621, when the war was resumed after the Twelve Years’ Truce, both cities used these images not only to emphasize their role during the early phase of the Revolt, but more importantly, the magistrates of Enkhuizen and Haarlem wanted to highlight Amsterdam’s long support of the Habsburg regime through a subtle hint in the paintings. Where the enemy fleet was depicted, the ships carried Amsterdam’s flags, reminding beholders of Amsterdam’s late decision to join the Revolt in 1578.3 Fig.44 Abraham de Verwer, battle at the Zuiderzee in 1573 which displays the enemy ships with banners from Amsterdam, 1621 (Rijksmuseum Amsterdam). Commissioning these paintings reflected a one-sided animosity of Enkhuizen and Haarlem towards Amsterdam.
  • Chapter 4 – Stakeholders in Urban Memory Cultures

    Chapter 4 – Stakeholders in Urban Memory Cultures

    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29686 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Eekhout, Maria Francisca Davina Title: Material memories of the Dutch Revolt : the urban memory landscape in the Low Countries, 1566 – 1700 Issue Date: 2014-11-12 Marianne Eekhout Chapter 4 – Stakeholders in urban memory cultures In 1585 the new magistrate of Antwerp commissioned Hans Vredeman de Vries to paint for the town hall an allegory depicting the reconciliation between the city and the Habsburg regime. In the painting Governor Alexander Farnese, who had captured Antwerp after a period of Calvinist rule, presents the city’s coat of arms to King Philip II. In the background we can read political message that Antwerp would enjoy good government, wealth and prosperity now that the city had returned under Habsburg rule.1 Vredeman de Vries had been employed by the city magistrate for several decades. He depicted Antwerp’s future and the city’s new relationship to the Habsburg regime after 1585 and to the Catholic religion.2 In its representation of the reconciliation the magistrate of Antwerp made an important decision. Instead of referring to the city’s rebellious past it emphasized what the prosperous future would hold. This approach to the recent past fitted in with the reconciliation treaty the city had signed upon its capitulation to Farnese in August 1585. The treaty included an oblivion clause, which was the second article of the treaty and declared that all ‘causes of mistrust and dissidence’ would be dispelled, a general pardon would be issued, and everything would be ‘forgotten’.3 By offering oblivion the magistrate could look towards the future.
  • Chapter 2 – Relics of War

    Chapter 2 – Relics of War

    Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/29686 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation Author: Eekhout, Maria Francisca Davina Title: Material memories of the Dutch Revolt : the urban memory landscape in the Low Countries, 1566 – 1700 Issue Date: 2014-11-12 Marianne Eekhout Chapter 2 – Relics of War The Reformation and Revolt made significant changes to urban memory landscapes in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. As we have seen in the previous chapter, there were many ways to reflect upon memories of the war at street level. In addition to new infrastructure, street names, and inscriptions the symbolic reuse of objects such as statues and weapons has already been touched upon briefly. These objects, like the places of memory, became important markers in urban memory cultures of the Revolt. Moreover, they had the potential to become relics of war. The veneration of saints and relics had always been an important part of Catholic culture. Pieces of the bodies of saints, their clothing and anything they had touched during their lives were found in abundance in medieval churches. Relics were considered powerful tools in the practice of religion. The objects channeled the power of the saint to whom they had belonged and therefore played a role in curing the sick and protecting believers from harm. Relics acted as a bridge between the supernatural and the human worlds. Furthermore, even if the actual bodily connection to the saint was missing, his or her image was an equally strong mediator between the faithful and God. The image was therefore often deemed as worthy of worship as relics.1 When iconoclasm hit cities as a result of the Reformation and the wars of religion, Calvinists sought to destroy this part of Catholic religious culture.2 Relics, images of saints and all other sacred objects were usually the first targets for iconoclasts.
  • PDF Van Tekst

    PDF Van Tekst

    Texts concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands E.H. Kossmann en A.F. Mellink bron E.H. Kossmann en A.F. Mellink, Texts concerning the Revolt of the Netherlands. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1974 Zie voor verantwoording: http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/koss002text01_01/colofon.htm © 2007 dbnl / erven E.H. Kossmann & erven A.F. Mellink xi Preface The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader to material which although not easily accessible ought to be more widely known. Most of the texts published in the following pages were written in Dutch and it was evident from the start that they should appear in translation. We were less certain about the French and Latin texts. When we decided to translate these too we did not underrate the erudition of those who will use this book but merely hoped to achieve a greater measure of uniformity. As we have only in twelve cases thought it necessary to print documents in full (Documents 3, 4, 7, 8, 15, 23, 24, 28, 29, 37, 49, 66), specialists may want to know more than we can offer and thus in any case have to turn to the originals. The series in which our collection appears is devoted to the history and theory of politics. This obliged us to touch upon the religious issues which played, we think, a decisive part in the Revolt of the Netherlands only in their political form, that is, only insofar as they caused the problem of toleration to be discussed. It obliged us, in the second place, to concentrate on theoretical aspects and to reduce to a minimum the factual and narrative elements that make the history of the Revolt so absorbing an epic.