DOCSLIB.ORG

Outer Membrane Vesicles of Tannerella Forsythia: Biogenesis, Composition, and Virulence † V

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Outer Membrane Vesicles of Tannerella Forsythia: Biogenesis, Composition, and Virulence † V molecular oral microbiology molecular oral microbiology Outer membrane vesicles of Tannerella forsythia: biogenesis, composition, and virulence † V. Friedrich1, C. Gruber2, I. Nimeth1, S. Pabinger3, G. Sekot1,*, G. Posch1, , F. Altmann2, P. Messner1, O. Andrukhov4 and C. Schaffer€ 1 1 Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universitat€ fur€ Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria 2 Department of Chemistry, Universitat€ fur€ Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria 3 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Health & Environment Department, Molecular Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria 4 Division of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Competence Centre of Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria Correspondence: Christina Schaffer,€ Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology unit, Universitat€ fur€ Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria Tel.: + 43 1 47654 2203; fax: + 43 1 4789112; E-mail: [email protected] *Present address: Baxter AG, Vienna, Austria. †Present address: GlycoVaxyn, Schlieren, Switzerland. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; electron microscopy; inflammatory response; outer membrane vesicles; periodontal pathogen; Tannerella forsythia strain ATCC 43037 versus strain 92A2 Accepted 1 May 2015 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12104 SUMMARY Tannerella forsythia is the only ‘red-complex’ bac- be extracellular, and 39 to originate from the cyto- terium covered by an S-layer, which has been plasm. Eighty proteins contained the Bacteroi- shown to affect virulence. Here, outer membrane dales O-glycosylation motif, 18 of which were vesicles (OMVs) enriched with putative glycopro- confirmed as glycoproteins. Release of pro- teins are described as a new addition to the viru- inflammatory mediators from the human mono- lence repertoire of T. forsythia. Investigations of cytic cell line U937 and periodontal ligament fibro- this bacterium are hampered by its fastidious blasts upon stimulation with OMVs followed a growth requirements and the recently discovered concentration-dependent increase that was more mismatch of the available genome sequence pronounced in the presence of soluble CD14 in (92A2 = ATCC BAA-2717) and the widely used conditioned media. The inflammatory response T. forsythia strain (ATCC 43037). T. forsythia was was significantly higher than that caused by grown anaerobically in serum-free medium and whole T. forsythia cells. Our study represents the biogenesis of OMVs was analyzed by electron first characterization of T. forsythia OMVs, and atomic force microscopy. This revealed OMVs their proteomic composition and immunogenic with a mean diameter of ~100 nm budding off potential. from the outer membrane while retaining the S- layer. An LC-ESI-TOF/TOF proteomic analysis of OMVs from three independent biological repli- INTRODUCTION cates identified 175 proteins. Of these, 14 exhib- ited a C-terminal outer membrane translocation Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and signal that directs them to the cell/vesicle surface, Treponema denticola are Gram-negative anaerobes 61 and 53 were localized to the outer membrane that have been identified as major periodontal and periplasm, respectively, 22 were predicted to pathogens (Socransky et al., 1998). Together, they © 2015 The Authors Molecular Oral Microbiology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 451 Molecular Oral Microbiology 30 (2015) 451–473 This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Tannerella forsythia outer membrane vesicles V. Friedrich et al. constitute the so-called ‘red-complex’ consortium that establishing colonization, carrying and transmitting vir- colonizes dental plaque biofilms (Holt & Ebersole, ulence factors into host cells, and modulating host 2005) and is strongly associated with the clinical defense and response (Ellis & Kuehn, 2010). measures of periodontitis, a multifactorial, inflamma- Regarding the ‘red-complex’ consortium, OMVs tory disease of global importance (Darveau, 2010). have so far only been described in detail for P. gingi- According to a more recent model of pathogenesis, valis (Veith et al., 2014), which is generally the best periodontitis is initiated by a synergistic and dysbiotic investigated ‘red-complex’ bacterium. P. gingivalis microbial community rather than by select periodontal OMVs are found in gingival tissues at diseased sites pathogens, such as the ‘red complex’ (Hajishengallis in chronic periodontitis but not at healthy sites (O’Bri- & Lamont, 2012). In this polymicrobial synergy, differ- en-Simpson et al., 2009) and are recognized as ent members or specific gene combinations within the important virulence factors that are produced when community fulfill distinct roles that converge to shape P. gingivalis is part of a polymicrobial biofilm (Zhu and stabilize a disease-provoking microbiota. et al., 2013). The P. gingivalis OMVs can invade host Apart from oral health issues, emerging evidence epithelial cells via an endocytic pathway (Furuta shows a relationship between periodontitis, cardiovas- et al., 2009) and impair cellular functions by the gingi- cular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and other systemic pain-exerted degradation of important receptor pro- chronic diseases (Cullinan et al., 2009; Koziel et al., teins (Veillard et al., 2012; Wilensky et al., 2015). In 2014). For the development of new therapeutic strate- the context of the ‘red complex’, a synergistic effect gies to combat periodontitis, a molecular understand- of P. gingivalis OMVs has become obvious through ing of the mechanisms governing bacterial virulence their enhancement of T. forsythia attachment to epi- is required. Apart from distinct virulence factors that thelial cells (Inagaki et al., 2006). A recent study sup- have been identified for the ‘red-complex’ bacteria ports an interdependence between P. gingivalis (O’Brien-Simpson et al., 2004), outer membrane vesi- virulence factors and T. forsythia, revealing that cles (OMVs), which are also known as integral parts P. gingivalis gingipains influence the composition of of biofilm matrices (Flemming et al., 2007), are polymicrobial biofilms (Bao et al., 2014). emerging as ‘bacterial warfare’ agents in the patho- For T. forsythia, the identification of new virulence genesis of periodontitis. factors (Sharma, 2010) is hampered by its fastidious Generally, OMVs are natural secretion products of growth requirements and the recently discovered mis- Gram-negative bacteria, with an increasing number of match of the available genome sequence pathogens being reported to release OMVs (Unal (92A2=ATCC BAA-2717) and the deposited T. for- et al., 2011; Schertzer & Whiteley, 2013). They are sythia strain (ATCC 43037) (Friedrich et al., 2015). small, spherical particles, usually 20–250 nm in diam- So far, only a few putative virulence factors of T. for- eter, and secreted throughout the bacterial life cycle sythia have been identified. These include trypsin-like and in a wide range of environmental conditions. (Amano et al., 2014) and PrtH (Saito et al., 1997) Although the mechanism of OMV biogenesis is still proteases, the sialidases SiaH (Horstman & Kuehn, poorly understood, studies so far point towards a 2000) and NanH (Thompson et al., 2009; Stafford highly regulated process that is most likely essential et al., 2012), apoptosis-inducing activity (Evans et al., to the cell. Current models suggest that vesiculation 2012), a-D-glucosidase and N-acetyl-b-glucosamini- occurs by budding off from the outer membrane (OM) dase (Hughes et al., 2003), a hemagglutinin (Bomber- at sites where lipoprotein links between the OM and ger et al., 2009), methylglyoxal (Forsberg et al., the peptidoglycan are lost (Kulp & Kuehn, 2010). 1981), a leucine-rich repeat cell surface-associated OMVs are characterized by selective enrichment or and secreted protein BspA (Sharma et al., 1998), the exclusion of specific cargo (Haurat et al., 2011); con- KLIKK proteases (Ksiazek et al., 2015b) such as kari- taining, apart from OM-derived components such as lysin (Karim et al., 2010; Koziel et al., 2010) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phospholipids and OM pro- mirolase (Ksiazek et al., 2015a) as well as the S- teins, also periplasmic constituents. OMVs are gain- layer (Sabet et al., 2003). The latter belong to the ing increasing attention as a major mechanism by major class of proteins carrying a C-terminal OM which pathogens attack and interact with host cells. translocation signal known as CTD (C-terminal As such, they have been shown to play roles in domain) (Lee et al., 2006; Sato et al., 2013; Narita 452 © 2015 The Authors Molecular Oral Microbiology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Molecular Oral Microbiology 30 (2015) 451–473 V. Friedrich et al. Tannerella forsythia outer membrane vesicles et al., 2014; Tomek et al., 2014). Similarly to P. gingi- leukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant pro- valis and Treponema denticola (Dashper et al., tein 1 (MCP-1)] from human macrophages and 2011), T. forsythia secretes large amounts of CTD periodontal ligament fibroblasts was determined in proteins by directing them to a type IX secretion sys- comparison to whole T. forsythia cells. Our data sup- tem (T9SS), the presence of which has been demon- port the virulent character of T. forsythia OMVs and strated in T. forsythia only recently (Narita et al., indicate that they are enriched in putative glycopro-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Parents with Periodontitis Impact the Subgingival Colonization of Their Ofspring Mabelle Freitas Monteiro1, Khaled Altabtbaei2, Purnima S
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Parents with periodontitis impact the subgingival colonization of their ofspring Mabelle Freitas Monteiro1, Khaled Altabtbaei2, Purnima S. Kumar3,4*, Márcio Zafalon Casati1, Karina Gonzales Silverio Ruiz1, Enilson Antonio Sallum1, Francisco Humberto Nociti‑Junior1 & Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin1,4 Early acquisition of a pathogenic microbiota and the presence of dysbiosis in childhood is associated with susceptibility to and the familial aggregation of periodontitis. This longitudinal interventional case–control study aimed to evaluate the impact of parental periodontal disease on the acquisition of oral pathogens in their ofspring. Subgingival plaque and clinical periodontal metrics were collected from 18 parents with a history of generalized aggressive periodontitis and their children (6–12 years of age), and 18 periodontally healthy parents and their parents at baseline and following professional oral prophylaxis. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed that parents were the primary source of the child’s microbiome, afecting their microbial acquisition and diversity. Children of periodontitis parents were preferentially colonized by Filifactor alocis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and several species belonging to the genus Selenomonas even in the absence of periodontitis, and these species controlled inter‑bacterial interactions. These pathogens also emerged as robust discriminators of the microbial signatures of children of parents with periodontitis. Plaque control did not modulate this pathogenic pattern, attesting to the microbiome’s resistance to change once it has been established. This study highlights the critical role played by parental disease in microbial colonization patterns in their ofspring and the early acquisition of periodontitis‑related species and underscores the need for greater surveillance and preventive measures in families of periodontitis patients.
    [Show full text]
  • Treponema Pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete: Making a Living As a Stealth Pathogen
    HHS Public Access Author manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author Nat Rev Manuscript Author Microbiol. Author Manuscript Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 June 01. Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2016 December ; 14(12): 744–759. doi:10.1038/nrmicro.2016.141. Treponema pallidum, the syphilis spirochete: making a living as a stealth pathogen Justin D. Radolf1, Ranjit K. Deka2, Arvind Anand3, David Šmajs4, Michael V. Norgard5, and X. Frank Yang6 1Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Genetics and Genomic Science, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, and Immunology, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA 2Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA 3Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic 5Department of Microbiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA 6Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Abstract The last two decades have seen a worldwide resurgence in infections caused by Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the syphilis spirochete. The syphilis spirochete’s well-recognized capacity for early dissemination and immune evasion has earned it the designation ‘the stealth pathogen’. Despite the many hurdles to studying syphilis pathogenesis, most notably the inability to culture and to genetically manipulate T. pallidum, in recent years, considerable progress has been made in elucidating the structural, physiologic, and regulatory facets of stealth pathogenicity. In this Review, we integrate this eclectic body of information to garner fresh insights into the highly successful parasitic lifestyles of the syphilis spirochete and related pathogenic treponemes. Pathogenic treponemes cause venereal syphilis, yaws, endemic syphilis, and pinta—multi- stage, infections that, although similar, can be differentiated based on clinical, epidemiologic, and geographic criteria1,2.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO GUIDELINES for the Treatment of Treponema Pallidum (Syphilis)
    WHO GUIDELINES FOR THE Treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) WHO GUIDELINES FOR THE Treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis) WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data WHO guidelines for the treatment of Treponema pallidum (syphilis). Contents: Web annex D: Evidence profiles and evidence-to-decision frameworks - Web annex E: Systematic reviews for syphilis guidelines - Web annex F: Summary of conflicts of interest 1.Syphilis – drug therapy. 2.Treponema pallidum. 3.Sexually Transmitted Diseases. 4.Guideline. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 154980 6 (NLM classification: WC 170) © World Health Organization 2016 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (http://www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; email: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non-commercial distribution– should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/ copyright_form/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
    [Show full text]
  • Periodontal, Metabolic, and Cardiovascular Disease
    Pteridines 2018; 29: 124–163 Research Article Open Access Hina Makkar, Mark A. Reynolds#, Abhishek Wadhawan, Aline Dagdag, Anwar T. Merchant#, Teodor T. Postolache*# Periodontal, metabolic, and cardiovascular disease: Exploring the role of inflammation and mental health Journal xyz 2017; 1 (2): 122–135 The First Decade (1964-1972) https://doi.org/10.1515/pteridines-2018-0013 receivedResearch September Article 13, 2018; accepted October 10, 2018. List of abbreviations Abstract: Previous evidence connects periodontal AAP: American Academy of Periodontology Max Musterman, Paul Placeholder disease, a modifiable condition affecting a majority of AGEs: Advanced glycation end products Americans,What withIs So metabolic Different and cardiovascular About morbidity AgP: Aggressive periodontitis and mortality. This review focuses on the likely mediation AHA: American Heart Association ofNeuroenhancement? these associations by immune activation and their anti-CL: Anti-cardiolipin potentialWas istinteractions so anders with mental am Neuroenhancement?illness. Future anti-oxLDL: Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein longitudinal, and ideally interventional studies, should AP: Acute periodontitis focus on reciprocal interactions and cascading effects, as ASCVD: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease wellPharmacological as points for effective and Mentalpreventative Self-transformation and therapeutic C. pneumoniae in Ethic : Chlamydia pneumoniae interventionsComparison across diagnostic domains to reduce CAL: Clinical attachment loss morbidity,Pharmakologische
    [Show full text]
  • Morphology of Spirochaeta Myelophthora in Multiple Sclerosis
    MORPHOLOGY OF SPIROCHAETA MYELOPHTHORA IN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS GABRIEL STEINER, M.D. (Detroit, Mich.) In a recent paper (1) the findings of specific spirochetes in the brain of a newly examined subacute case of multiple sclerosis were reported and evaluated. The purpose of the present paper is to give a detailed description of these spiro­ chetes, their classification, their reproduction, and disintegration. Four cases of multiple sclerosis, including the case to be reported, elicited abundant numbers of specific spirochetes in the central nervous system to war­ rant the publication of this paper. Downloaded from 1. Further Evidence of Spirochetal Nature: It has been said that the reported spirochetes represent only spirochete-like structures of the tissue proper, such as reticulin fibrils, neurofibrils, or axis cylinders.* To disprove these objections the following experiments were done: Sections from brains of general paresis containing numerous spirochetes in the cortex and those from lungs in congenital syphilis were stained with my silver technique II (1), then desilverized with potassium permanganate and oxalic acid (A. J. Wilson (2)), http://jnen.oxfordjournals.org/ and restained for reticulin fibers (Wilder's method). They showed clearly the complete absence of spirochetes in these restained sections, at regions where many spirochetes were formerly seen. Reticulin fibrils were easily demonstrable. Such sections could be desilverized again and restained for spirochetes with positive results. In sections stained for axis cylin­ ders (Bielschowsky's axis cylinder method for paraffin sections), no spirochetes were seen in places where previously masses of treponemas were present. Desilverizing and restaining with technique II brought the spirochetes out again.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Lyme Disease Relevant Antibiotics Through Gut Bacteroides Panels
    Assessing Lyme Disease Relevant Antibiotics through Gut Bacteroides Panels by Sohum Sheth Abstract: Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the United States caused by the transmission of bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi harbored by the Ixodus scapularis ticks (Sharma, Brown, Matluck, Hu, & Lewis, 2015). Antibiotics currently used to treat Lyme disease include oral doxycycline, amoxicillin, and ce!riaxone. Although the current treatment is e"ective in most cases, there is need for the development of new antibiotics against Lyme disease, as the treatment does not work in 10-20% of the population for unknown reasons (X. Wu et al., 2018). Use of antibiotics in the treatment of various diseases such as Lyme disease is essential; however, the downside is the development of resistance and possibly deleterious e"ects on the human gut microbiota composition. Like other organs in the body, gut microbiota play an essential role in the health and disease state of the body (Ianiro, Tilg, & Gasbarrini, 2016). Of importance in the microbiome is the genus Bacteroides, which accounts for roughly one-third of gut microbiome composition (H. M. Wexler, 2007). $e purpose of this study is to investigate how antibiotics currently used for the treatment of Lyme disease in%uences the Bacteroides cultures in vitro and compare it with a new antibiotic (antibiotic X) identi&ed in the laboratory to be e"ective against B. burgdorferi. Using microdilution broth assay, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was tested against nine di"erent strains of Bacteroides. Results showed that antibiotic X has a higher MIC against Bacteroides when compared to amoxicillin, ce!riaxone, and doxycycline, making it a promising new drug for further investigation and in vivo studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Peri-Implantitis Review a Quarterly Review of the Latest Publications Related to the Study of Peri-Implant Inflammation and Bone Loss
    12 Fall 2015 Aron J. Saffer DDS MS Diplomate of the American Board of Periodontology Peri-implantitis Review A quarterly review of the latest publications related to the study of Peri-implant inflammation and bone loss A service of Dr. Aron Saffer and the Jerusalem Perio Center to provide useful, up -to date information concerning one of the most complex and troubling problems facing dental professionals today. Peri-implantitis : Microbiology • Are the Bacteria of Peri-implantitis the same as Periodontal disease? • Are we treating the infection correctly? MICROBIAL METHODS EMPLOYED • Are screw-retained restorations better than cement IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE retained restorations at preventing peri-implantitis PERIODONTAL PATHOGEN: Bacterial Cultivation: a method in What Does the latest Literature say? You might be surprised which the bacteria taken from infected site and is allowed to multiply on a predetermined culture media. Using light Peri-implant mucositis and Peri-implantitis is an inflammatory response microscopy the bacteria is generally due to bacteriorly driven infections, affecting the mucosal tissue and identified. eventually the bone surrounding implants. The condition was traditionally regarded to be microbiologically similar to Periodontitis. Earlier research had demonstrated that the pathogens which were found in patients with periodontal disease had similar pathogens in the sulcus around infected implants. In fact, one hypothesis suggested that the infected gingiva was a resevoir for the bacteria that would eventually translocate and infect the mucosal crevice around implants. With newer microbiological identification techniques evidence is emerging . to suggest that the ecosystem around teeth and implants differ in many ways. Have we been taking “the easy way out” by lumping ALL gingival and mucosal infection together regardless whether it surrounds a human tooth or titanium metal.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from 3
    Philips et al. BMC Genomics (2020) 21:402 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06810-9 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Analysis of oral microbiome from fossil human remains revealed the significant differences in virulence factors of modern and ancient Tannerella forsythia Anna Philips1, Ireneusz Stolarek1, Luiza Handschuh1, Katarzyna Nowis1, Anna Juras2, Dawid Trzciński2, Wioletta Nowaczewska3, Anna Wrzesińska4, Jan Potempa5,6 and Marek Figlerowicz1,7* Abstract Background: Recent advances in the next-generation sequencing (NGS) allowed the metagenomic analyses of DNA from many different environments and sources, including thousands of years old skeletal remains. It has been shown that most of the DNA extracted from ancient samples is microbial. There are several reports demonstrating that the considerable fraction of extracted DNA belonged to the bacteria accompanying the studied individuals before their death. Results: In this study we scanned 344 microbiomes from 1000- and 2000- year-old human teeth. The datasets originated from our previous studies on human ancient DNA (aDNA) and on microbial DNA accompanying human remains. We previously noticed that in many samples infection-related species have been identified, among them Tannerella forsythia, one of the most prevalent oral human pathogens. Samples containing sufficient amount of T. forsythia aDNA for a complete genome assembly were selected for thorough analyses. We confirmed that the T. forsythia-containing samples have higher amounts of the periodontitis-associated species than the control samples. Despites, other pathogens-derived aDNA was found in the tested samples it was too fragmented and damaged to allow any reasonable reconstruction of these bacteria genomes. The anthropological examination of ancient skulls from which the T.
    [Show full text]
  • Exploring Salivary Microbiota in AIDS Patients with Different Periodontal Statuses Using 454 GS-FLX Titanium Pyrosequencing
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 02 July 2015 doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2015.00055 Exploring salivary microbiota in AIDS patients with different periodontal statuses using 454 GS-FLX Titanium pyrosequencing Fang Zhang 1 †, Shenghua He 2 †, Jieqi Jin 1, Guangyan Dong 1 and Hongkun Wu 3* 1 State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China, 2 Public Health Clinical Center of Chengdu, Chengdu, China, 3 Department of Geriatric Dentistry, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China Patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at high risk of opportunistic infections. Oral manifestations have been associated with the level of immunosuppression, these include periodontal diseases, and understanding the microbial populations in the oral cavity is crucial for clinical management. The aim of this study was to examine the salivary bacterial diversity in patients newly admitted to the AIDS ward of the Public Health Clinical Center (China). Saliva samples were Edited by: Saleh A. Naser, collected from 15 patients with AIDS who were randomly recruited between December University of Central Florida, USA 2013 and March 2014. Extracted DNA was used as template to amplify bacterial Reviewed by: 16S rRNA. Sequencing of the amplicon library was performed using a 454 GS-FLX J. Christopher Fenno, University of Michigan, USA Titanium sequencing platform. Reads were optimized and clustered into operational Nick Stephen Jakubovics, taxonomic units for further analysis. A total of 10 bacterial phyla (106 genera) were Newcastle University, UK detected. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were preponderant in the *Correspondence: salivary microbiota in AIDS patients. The pathogen, Capnocytophaga sp., and others Hongkun Wu, Department of Geriatric Dentistry, not considered pathogenic such as Neisseria elongata, Streptococcus mitis, and West China College of Stomatology, Mycoplasma salivarium but which may be opportunistic infective agents were detected.
    [Show full text]
  • Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: a Systematic Review
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review Maria Contaldo 1,* , Alberta Lucchese 1, Antonio Romano 1 , Fedora Della Vella 2 , Dario Di Stasio 1 , Rosario Serpico 1 and Massimo Petruzzi 2 1 Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via Luigi de Crecchio, 6, 80138 Naples, Italy; [email protected] (A.L.); [email protected] (A.R.); [email protected] (D.D.S.); [email protected] (R.S.) 2 Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; [email protected] (F.D.V.); [email protected] (M.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +39-3204876058 Abstract: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder associated with early-onset periodontitis and other periodontal diseases (PDs). The present work aimed to systematically review the scientific literature reporting studies in vivo on oral microbiota features in subjects with DS and related periodontal health and to highlight any correlation and difference with subjects not affected by DS, with and without PDs. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched for relevant studies in May 2021. The participants were subjects affected by Down syndrome (DS) with and without periodontal diseases; the study compared subjects with periodontal diseases but not affected by DS, and DS without periodontal diseases; the outcomes were the differences in oral microbiota/periodontopathogen bacterial composition among subjects considered; the study Citation: Contaldo, M.; Lucchese, A.; design was a systematic review.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight
    nutrients Article Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial Hana Kahleova 1,*, Emilie Rembert 1, Jihad Alwarith 1, Willy N. Yonas 1, Andrea Tura 2, Richard Holubkov 3, Melissa Agnello 4, Robynne Chutkan 5 and Neal D. Barnard 1,6 1 Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, Washington, DC 20016, USA; [email protected] (E.R.); [email protected] (J.A.); [email protected] (W.N.Y.); [email protected] (N.D.B.) 2 Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127 Padua, Italy; [email protected] 3 School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA; [email protected] 4 uBiome Inc., San Francisco, CA 94103, USA; [email protected] 5 Department of Gastroenterology, Georgetown MedStar Hospital, Washington, DC 20007, USA; [email protected] 6 Adjunct Faculty, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-202-527-7379 Received: 24 August 2020; Accepted: 20 September 2020; Published: 24 September 2020 Abstract: Diet modulates gut microbiota and plays an important role in human health. The aim of this study was to test the effect of a low-fat vegan diet on gut microbiota and its association with weight, body composition, and insulin resistance in overweight men and women. We enrolled 168 participants and randomly assigned them to a vegan (n = 84) or a control group (n = 84) for 16 weeks. Of these, 115 returned all gut microbiome samples.
    [Show full text]
  • Laboratory Diagnostic Testing for Treponema Pallidum
    Laboratory Diagnostic Testing for Treponema pallidum Expert Consultation Meeting Summary Report January 13‐15, 2009 Atlanta, GA This report was produced in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Laboratory Diagnostic Testing for Treponema pallidum Expert Consultation Meeting Summary Report January 13‐15, 2009 Atlanta, GA In the last decade there have been major changes and improvements in STD testing technologies. While these changes have created great opportunities for more rapid and accurate STD diagnosis, they may also create confusion when laboratories attempt to incorporate new technologies into the existing structure of their laboratory. With this in mind, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Association of Public Health Laboratories (APHL) convened an expert panel to evaluate available information and produce recommendations for inclusion in the Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Treponema pallidum in the United States. An in‐person meeting to formulate these recommendations was held on January 13‐15, 2009 on the CDC Roybal campus. The panel included public health laboratorians, STD researchers, STD clinicians, STD Program Directors and other STD program staff. Representatives from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) were also in attendance. The target audience for these recommendations includes laboratory directors, laboratory staff, microbiologists, clinicians, epidemiologists, and disease control personnel. For several months prior to the in‐person consultation, these workgroups developed key questions and researched the current literature to ensure that any recommendations made were relevant and evidence based. Published studies compiled in Tables of Evidence provided a framework for group discussion addressing several key questions.
    [Show full text]