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The Most Likely Audience Is Persons Who Participated in the Galileo

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The Most Likely Audience Is Persons Who Participated in the Galileo Book Reviews even-handed.” The most likely audience is persons who Berlin, where Verena was born. The family was “… of participated in the Galileo Project, but historians will find reformed confession, of Jewish origin.” (Rudolf Bor- useful material, and space exploration enthusiasts may be chardt)—only in Nazi ideology was she a Jewess. interested. What about the general public? Meltzer has On page 583, too, Wirtz’ capricious political views are summarized much in straightforward language, yet quoted: “The day when the French troops entered despite his hopeful inclusivity that Galileo was “... the Strasbourg was the happiest one in my life.”—taken from eyes, ears, and fingertips of humankind ... it is we who a 1999 paper by Theiss, where the author states that the were exploring uncharted frontiers …” (p. 299), his source is not given. In fact, Theiss uses a study by presentation is unlikely to be popular. Its thoroughly Duerbeck and Seitter (1990), where the precise reference technical nature will appeal to technical people but in the Kiel Acta (kept in the Prussian State Archive) is may be perceived as dry by general readers. Mission to given, and an explanation of this statement is offered. Jupiter: A History of the Galileo Project is a useful and Another overlooked—although not very informative— worthwhile record of the first long-term visit to a gas source is the voluminous edition of the collected letters of giant planet. Rudolf Borchardt, the poetical brother of ‘Vera’ Rosen- !"#$%&'()"*& berg and ‘Lene’ Wirtz. McDonald Observatory, USA. Another series of peculiar statements refers to the “... eine ausnehmende Zierde und Vortheil” – Astronomische Nachrichten (p. 666): neither did they Geschichte der Kieler Universitätssternwarte und ihrer publish, after 1945, “… sometimes only Russian articles Vorgängerinnen 1770-1950, +)& ,$-./& 012*.*34& 56"728 …”, nor “… only articles in English …” after 1993; 29-:;&<$(-"34&=$>#1*%:$(4&?@@AB4&CCD&AE?4&FG'=8HIJ&KAL& some later German astrometric articles will presumably E?K&@?MKA&K&52"(N+"7OB4&PIE4@@4&?IQ&/&HQ@&##D& stand the test of time better than the plethora of English This book, which tells the detailed history of Kiel Univer- articles on cosmology of that time. Totally fabricated is sity Observatory and its predecessors, comprises the the author’s statement that the journal is now published habilitation thesis submitted by F. Lühning to the Faculty by “… the Astronomical Computing Centre [sic] in Heidelberg.” of Mathematics at Hamburg University in 2004. With financial support from various organizations, it was In spite of my critical notes on some irrelevant details, I issued in a very attractive form as a special publication of can wholeheartedly recommend this book: it is an the Society for the history of the city of Kiel. The nice indispensable source of information for anyone who is layout, the graphical sketches of buildings, instruments, interested in the history of astronomy in German-speaking and astronomical connections—often designed by the lands in the nineteenth and the first half of the twentieth author—the scientifically-precise text, written with a centuries. sense of humor, make a pleasant reading, in spite of R.-#"(&6D&S>$(+$7O& sometimes quite extensive descriptions of architectural Brussels Free University (VUB), Belgium details or ‘operating instructions’ for meridan circles etc. I have rarely read such an appealing text on astronomical Un Astronome des Lumières: Jérôme Lalande, +)& history. G.#9*$&S>#9*:&579TN.:.9*&<>.+$(:4&U"(.%VW+%$(X":9.($& The single chapters deal with the beginnings of astron- N$& U"(.%4& ?@@AB4& CCD& IEK4& FG'=8HI& <>.+$(:J& KAL& ?& AHHA& omy in Kiel (1770-1820), Schrader’s giant telescope from M@?L& M4& FG'=8HI& W+%D& N$& U"(.%J& KAL& ?& K@H@EA& EM& I4& PIE4@@4&?M@&/&HEL##D& the late eighteenth century, Altona Observatory (1823- 1850), the first years of the journal Astronomische Nach- The infant baptised on 12 July 1732 as Joseph Hyérosme richten, the last years of Altona Observatory (1850-1872), Lefrançois was born at Bourg-en-Bresse and educated the private Bothkamp Observatory (1870-1914), the there by the Jesuits. Arriving in Paris as a young law genesis of Kiel Observatory (1874-1880), the era of its student, he expanded his surname to Lefrançois de La Director, Krueger (1880-1896), the Kiel Chronometer Lande, and by happy chance took lodgings at the hotel de Observatory (1893-1913), the era of Harzer (1897-1925), Cluny (now the Musée de Cluny) where the astronomer the era of Rosenberg (1927-1934), the decline of Kiel Joseph Nicolas Delisle had an observatory. This prox- Observatory (1935-1950) and the evolution of Astrono- imity allowed him to develop his boyhood interest in the mische Nachrichten under its editor Kobold (1907-1938). heavens into serious observation; with his law studies The book concludes with a glossary of technical terms, completed, he became totally dedicated to astronomy and biographical sketches of known and unknown persons, as its mathematical underpinning. When La Caille departed well as a list of references. to make observations at the Cape, Lalande was sent in The author presents lively sketches of people who were 1751 to Berlin (at a similar longitude in the north- astronomically active in Altona, Kiel and its surround- ern hemisphere) to make similar observations. Here his ings for a time interval of about two hundred years. To youthfulness and competence surely boosted his reputa- achieve this, he studied many files from the Secret tion. Returning the following year, he moved easily into State Archive Preussischer Kulturbesitz (Berlin), the the Parisian astronomical circle, becoming one of its Schleswig-Holsteinisches State Archive (Schleswig) and brightest planets, and soon became known to the wider the Hamburg State Archive, from which he quotes astronomical world as Jérôme Lalande. Given the limited extensively. He also has evaluated private documents, membership of the Académie Royale des Sciences, only and has interviewed surviving witnesses of the 1930s and the wait for dead men’s shoes slowed his way up the various rungs of that gilded ladder. 1940s. Nevertheless, such sources may turn out to be unreliable: the custodian said that the spouse of the last Undoubtedly Lalande benefited from favourable cir- official Observatory Director, Hans Oswald Rosenberg, cumstances in his early life, which nurtured his driving was “… Verena Borchardt, a Jewess from St. Petersburg.” ambition, his self-esteem, and his desire to control the (p. 583). Her family, however, lived for some years in society in which he moved (in which nepotism played a Moscow, where her father was the representative of the large, and indeed acceptable part). Thus he was able to Königsberger Thee-Compagnie. In 1880, his daughter recommend for promotion the competent young men he Helene was born there, and she later married the astrono- encountered in the various public and private observa- mer Wirtz. In 1882, the Borchardt family moved to tories in Paris and the provinces, and those he met on his 80 .
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