Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Interim Recovery Plan No. 359

Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands (Swan Coastal Plain Community type 20a – Gibson et al. 1994)

Interim Recovery Plan 2016-2021

August 2016

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a Foreword

Interim Recovery Plans (IRPs) are developed within the framework laid down in Department of Parks and Wildlife (previously Department of Environment and Conservation) Corporate Policy Statement No. 35 and Corporate Guideline No. 35.

Recovery plans outline the recovery actions that are required to urgently address those threatening processes most affecting the ongoing survival of threatened taxa or ecological communities, and begin the recovery process.

The Department is committed to ensuring that threatened ecological communities are conserved through the preparation and implementation of recovery plans or interim recovery plans and by ensuring that conservation action commences as soon as possible after listing.

This plan will operate from August 2016 but will remain in force until withdrawn or replaced. It is intended that, if the community is still listed after five years, the need for an updated plan will be evaluated.

This plan was approved by the Director of Science and Conservation on 10 August 2016. The provision of funds identified in this plan is dependent on budgetary and other constraints affecting Parks and Wildlife, as well as the need to address other priorities.

Information in this plan was accurate at August 2016 . Plan preparation: This plan was prepared by Jill Pryde, Valerie English and Adam Turnbull (Department of Parks and Wildlife).

Cover photograph: Koondoola Regional bushland in spring by Jill Pryde

Acknowledgements: The following people provided assistance and advice in the preparation of this plan: Greg Keighery Parks and Wildlife, Science and Conservation Division David Mitchell Parks and Wildlife, Swan Region Julia Cullity Parks and Wildlife, Swan Region Anne Harris Parks and Wildlife, Swan Coastal District Craig Olejnik Parks and Wildlife, Swan Coastal District Catherine Bourke Parks and Wildlife, Perth Hills District Marnie Mallie Parks and Wildlife, Perth Hills District

Citation: This plan should be cited as: Department of Parks and Wildlife (2016). Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands (Swan Coastal Plain community type 20a – Gibson et al. 1994). Interim Recovery Plan No. 359. Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a Summary Name: Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands (also known as Swan Coastal Plain community type 20a, as defined in Gibson et al. (1994)).

Description: Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands (hereafter called the Banksia attenuata woodlands) was originally described by Gibson et al. (1994) and occurs on sands at the base of the Darling Scarp between Chittering and Gosnells. This community is very species rich (average 67 species/100m2). It is usually dominated by Banksia attenuata (occasionally with Eucalyptus marginata) with Bossiaea eriocarpa, Conostephium pendulum, Hibbertia huegelii, H. hypericoides, Petrophile linearis, Scaevola repens, Stirlingia latifolia, Mesomelaena pseudostygia and Alexgeorgea nitens being common in the understorey. The introduced bulbous weed Gladiolus caryophyllaceus is also common in the community.

Parks and Wildlife Region: Swan

Parks and Wildlife Districts: Swan Coastal and Perth Hills

Local Government Authorities: Canning, Chittering, Gosnells, Kalamunda, Stirling, Swan and Wanneroo

Conservation status: Endorsed as endangered by the WA Minister for Environment in 2001. [The Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain were listed as a TEC under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 16 September 2016. The listing encompassed a suite of WA threatened and priority ecological communities including the Banksia woodlands over species rich dense shrublands. threatened ecological community (TEC)].

Habitat requirements: These Banksia attenuata woodlands are found on the Bassendean, Forrestfield, Southern River and Karrakatta soil and landform units, and on the Coonambidgee unit of the Dandaragan Plateau. There have been a number of detailed groundwater studies completed for this community that suggest that this community is partially groundwater dependent.

Threats: The main threats to the community are clearing for roads, housing and related infrastructure, too frequent fire, weeds, sand quarrying and hydrological change.

Habitat critical to survival: The habitat critical to the survival of Banksia attenuata woodlands is the area of occupancy of known occurrences, the sandy soils on which the community occurs, the fresh superficial groundwater that probably helps to sustain key dominant trees in the community, and the catchment for this groundwater.

Important occurrences: Occurrences that provide for representation of the community across its geographic range and that can be managed for conservation and/or with conservation included in their purpose are considered critical to the survival of this community. Important occurrences include all areas of the community within Bush Forever sites.

Affected interests: Parties affected by the implementation of this plan include Parks and Wildlife’s Swan Coastal and Perth Hills Districts, and Swan Region who manage nature reserves and other lands for conservation of flora and fauna that contain occurrences of the TEC, numerous private landholders, the Cities of Canning, Gosnells, Stirling, Swan and Wanneroo and the Shires of Chittering and Kalamunda who manage land that contains occurrences of the TEC. All of these parties have been notified of the locations and importance of the TEC.

Indigenous interests: The South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council (SWALSC), an umbrella group, covers the areas considered in this plan. Comment was sought from the Council about any aspects of the plan, but in particular about the proposed on-ground actions. According to the Department of Aboriginal 3

Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Affairs Aboriginal Heritage Sites Register, there are a number of registered sites known in or near occurrences of Banksia attenuata woodlands. Action 1 identifies the intention to continue liaison with relevant groups, including indigenous groups.

Social and economic impacts and benefits: Where specific active recreational pursuits such as four wheel driving and motorbike riding are prevented through access control, this may be perceived as a social impact, however, such access control also helps to prevent the continued degradation of the community and maintain other social benefits.

Occurrences may be threatened by proposals to clear for various developments or from hydrological change following clearing and development of adjacent land. Implementation of actions such as seeking to protect occurrences, or maintain hydrological processes in areas adjacent to the community, may impact on proposed developments.

Related biodiversity impacts and benefits: Three threatened flora and ten priority flora have been recorded in occurrences.

Six TECs and two priority ecological communities (PECs) occur within bushland close to occurrences of Banksia attenuata woodlands. Five threatened, six priority, and two specially protected fauna occur within or close to the Banksia attenuata woodlands.

Recovery actions implemented to improve the quality or security of Banksia attenuata woodlands, are likely to also benefit the threatened and priority flora and fauna populations, and occurrences of other TECs and PECs that occur within or close to the bushland that supports the community.

IRP Objectives: To maintain or improve the overall condition of the community in the known locations and reduce the level of threat.

Criteria for success:

 An increase in the number of occurrences of this community managed for conservation and/or with conservation included in the purpose over the life of the plan.  Representative areas of the community across its geographical range with condition rank maintained, or with improved condition rank (Bush Forever, Government of Western Australia (2000) scales) over the life of the plan.  90% or more of the aerial extent of occurrences maintained at the same condition rank, or improved (Bush Forever 2000 scales) over the life of the plan, excluding effects of drying climate that are outside the scope of this plan.

Criteria for failure:

 Decline in condition rank of 10% or more of the area of the community over the life of the plan, excluding effects of drying climate that are outside the scope of this plan.  Failure to achieve an increase in the area managed for conservation over the life of the plan.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Summary of recovery actions: 1. Liaise with stakeholders to implement recovery 2. Seek to minimise further clearing of the community 3. Verify occurrences as required 4. Continue to monitor the extent and boundaries of occurrences 5. Install markers 6. Encompass monitoring in an adaptive management framework 7. Implement weed control and rehabilitation as required 8. Develop and implement a fire management strategy 9. Interpret and map disease areas 10. Implement disease hygiene procedures 11. Design and conduct research 12. Seek long term protection of the community for conservation 13. Report on recovery plan implementation

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a 1 Background

1.1 History, defining characteristics, and conservation significance

The significance of this diverse Banksia community was recognized in 1992 during a survey of remnant vegetation on the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain (Keighery and Trudgen 1992). The floristic community was then defined through statistical analysis of data from 500 quadrats, in Gibson et al. (1994). Gibson et al. (1994) named the community ‘Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands’. The community type is often referred to as ‘Swan Coastal Plain community type 20a’ in reference to the numerical identifier applied in Gibson et al. (1994).

Banksia attenuata woodlands are known from small to medium-sized sand ridges between Chittering and Gosnells. Occurrences additional to those identified in Trudgen and Keighery (1992) and Gibson et al. (1994) have been recognized through further work undertaken by the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP 1996) for Bush Forever (Government of Western Australia 2000), surveys by local government authorities for the Perth Biodiversity Project, studies undertaken by various consultants and surveys by staff from state agencies.

The Banksia attenuata woodlands are very restricted in distribution and are the richest of any Banksia community found on the Swan Coastal Plain. The average number of species recorded in 100m2 quadrats established for Gibson et al. (1994) was 67, with some sites having over 80 species per 100m2. Sites of Banksia attenuata woodlands were differentiated from the other two subgroups (20b, 20c) by the occurrence of species such as Alexgeorgea nitens, Daviesia nudiflora, Synaphea spinulosa, Hibbertia racemosa, Stylidium androsaceum and a variety of other taxa occurring at low frequency (Gibson et al. 1994).

Banksia attenuata woodlands are regionally rare. The community is restricted to the sands at the base of the Darling Scarp in the Forrestfield area and north of Perth in the Koondoola area on the Perth Swan Coastal Plain 2 IBRA Region and the Chittering area on the Dandaragan Plateau Swan Coastal Plain 1 IBRA Region. It is likely that there has been a severe decline in the area of the Banksia attenuata woodlands due to land clearing on the Swan Coastal Plain.

The community was only known from about 120 ha in 1996. Further survey work has since identified a total of about 585 ha, and includes 290.5 ha in Crown reserves, 270.5 ha freehold, 19.2 ha public roads, and 4.7 unallocated Crown land. The remaining areas of the community comprise highly fragmented occurrences, some of which would historically have been contiguous, but are now separated as a consequence of clearing (e.g. occurrences 20-21, 39-42, 51 and 55). Approximately 366 ha (62%) of the community type is found in conservation reserves (165 ha in nature reserves and 201 ha in reserves managed for conservation by local government authorities). The remaining 219 ha is on private property and on reserves vested in other authorities.

The majority of the community is in ‘very good’ condition or better, and the remainder is in ‘good condition’ (as defined in Bush Forever 2000 Vol 2).

In a re-assessment of the status of the Banksia attenuata woodlands in 2014 the Threatened Ecological Community Scientific Committee recommended that the community retain its endangered ranking. This was partly because many recommendations held in Bush Forever that would increase the protection of the community had not yet been implemented.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Forty five occurrences covering about 433 ha are within Bush Forever sites and are proposed to be provided increased protection through reservation or through other planning processes. Occurrences 1-4, 6-29, 34-35, 38-41, 44 (part), 45-47, 51, 54-57, 64, 66, and 74 are included in Bush Forever, in areas of ‘regionally significant bushland to be retained and protected forever’ (Bush Forever 2000). Additional occurrences not included in Bush Forever occur on private property, or on local government reserves, and were identified after the publication of Bush Forever, and/or are outside of the boundary covered by Bush Forever. The Bush Forever document recommends that any proposals likely to affect occurrences of threatened ecological communities will be dealt with through the ‘Bush Forever planning process’, coordinated by the WA Planning Commission. Bush Forever (page 6 Vol. 1) states a ‘Presumption against clearing’ for bushland that contains TECs.

The most significant threats to the community are land clearing for roads, housing and related infrastructure, too frequent fire, weeds, sand quarrying and hydrological change. With many of the occurrences occurring within the greater Perth metropolitan area, the frequency of fires, impact of recreational users, weed invasion and incidence of illegal rubbish dumping are generally increased. These factors can all lead to degradation of vegetation and alteration of structure, species composition or loss of component taxa.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Figure 1: Location map

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

1.2 Habitat critical to survival, and important occurrences

The habitat critical to the survival of Banksia attenuata woodlands is the area of occupancy of known occurrences, the sandy soils on which the community occurs, the fresh superficial groundwater that probably helps to sustain key dominant trees in this community, and the catchment for this groundwater.

Occurrences that provide for representation of the community across its geographic range and that can be managed for conservation and/or with conservation included in their purpose are considered critical to the survival of this community.

All areas of the community within Bush Forever sites, and relatively large intact areas of the community that are in good condition outside of Bush Forever and that can be managed for conservation and/or with conservation included in their purpose are important occurrences (Occurrences 1-35, 40-41, 43-47, 51-52, 54-57, 64-66).

Recovery actions include survey for further occurrences that may lead to the identification of additional important occurrences.

1.3 Related biodiversity impacts and benefits

Recovery actions implemented to improve the quality or security of the community are likely to improve the status of any species within the community. Three declared rare (threatened) flora (DRF) taxa are associated with this community (Table 1). Conospermum undulatum is frequently recorded in southern occurrences, Chamelaucium sp. Gingin occurs within occurrence 5 and Macarthuria keigheryi occurs within occurrences 2 and 14. Ten Priority flora are also found in the community (Table 1).

Table 1: Threatened and priority flora taxa that occur in the TEC Species name Conservation status (WA) Conservation status (EPBC Act) Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis P3 - Chamelaucium sp. Gingin DRF (VU) EN Conospermum undulatum DRF (VU) VU Haemodorum loratum P3 - Hypolaena robusta P4 - Isopogon drummondii P3 - Jacksonia sericea P4 - Macarthuria keigheryi DRF (EN) EN Persoonia sulcata P4 - Persoonia rudis P3 - Platysace ramosissima P3 - Schoenus griffinianus P4 - Schoenus pennisetis P3 - CR = critically endangered; EN = endangered; VU = vulnerable

Other TECs and PECs (described in Gibson et al. (1994), Griffin (1994) and Keighery and Trudgen (1992)) that are found in bushland adjacent to occurrences of the Banksia attenuata woodlands are as follows:

 Corymbia calophylla – Kingia australis woodlands on heavy soils, Swan Coastal Plain’ (critically endangered in WA, endangered under EPBC Act)  Corymbia calophylla – Xanthorrhoea preissii woodlands and shrublands, Swan Coastal Plain’ (critically endangered in WA, endangered under EPBC Act)  Shrublands and woodlands of the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain (critically endangered in WA, endangered under EPBC Act)  Southern wet shrublands, Swan Coastal Plain (endangered in WA)

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

 Banksia attenuata and/or Eucalyptus marginata woodlands of the eastern side of the Swan Coastal Plain (endangered in WA)  Corymbia calophylla – Eucalyptus marginata woodlands on sandy clay soils of the southern Swan Coastal Plain (vulnerable in WA)  Banksia ilicifolia woodlands (Priority 3)  Banksia woodland of the Gingin area restricted to soils dominated by yellow to orange sands (Priority 2).

Threatened, specially protected and priority fauna that occur within and close to occurrences of the Banksia attenuata woodlands include:  Bettongia penicillata ogilbyi (woylie) (critically endangered)  Calyptorhynchus latirostris (Carnaby’s cockatoo) (endangered)  Calyptorhynchus baudinii (Baudin’s Cockatoo) (endangered)  Calyptorhynchus banksia naso (forest red-tailed black cockatoo) (vulnerable)  Dasyurus geoffroii (chuditch) (vulnerable)  Hylaeus globiluferus (a native bee) (Priority 3)  Neelaps calonotos (black-striped snake) (Priority 3)  Tyto novaehollandiae novaehollandiae (southern masked owl) (Priority 3)  Macropus Irma (western brush wallaby) (Priority 4)  Synemon gratiosa (graceful sun moth) (Priority 4)  Isoodon obesulus fusciventer (quenda) (Priority 4)  Falco peregrinus (peregrine falcon) (other specially protected fauna)  Merops ornatus (rainbow bee-eater) (other specially protected fauna)

Recovery actions implemented to improve the quality or security of Banksia attenuata woodlands are likely to also benefit the threatened and priority flora populations, threatened and priority fauna and occurrences of other TECs and PECs that occur within or close to the community.

1.4 Biological and ecological characteristics

Plant taxa that commonly occur in the community are listed at Appendix 1. The mean species richness for seven quadrats in the community surveyed by Gibson et al. (1994) was 67.4 species in 100 square metres. This is higher than subgroup 20b (62.7 species) or 20c (64). An average of one weed species was also recorded per quadrat in the Gibson et al. (1994) study, which is lower than that found in Swan Coastal Plain community types 20b or 20c, and represents a low level of weed invasion. This summary floristic information does not include data for many additional occurrences on the threatened ecological communities database. Although the floristic community type of some of the occurrences listed in Appendix 2 has not been fully verified through analyses of quadrat data, the sites are considered to be the Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands as they were once part of contiguous bushland areas identified as the community but are now separate occurrences as a consequence of land clearing, or based on analyses of key taxa and habitat features by experienced staff from Department of Parks and Wildlife or by environmental consultants.

The following is mainly an extract from Gibson et al. (1994), with additional information from data collected after 1994. “Community type 20 occurs from Koondoola south to Yarloop. Sites in this community type were generally Banksia attenuata woodland, Eucalyptus marginata – Banksia attenuata woodlands or shrublands. The three subgroups of this community type share high frequencies of species in species group O with community type 28 which encompasses much of the Banksia woodland sites on Spearwood Dunes. However this community lacks most species of group A which are common on the Spearwood System.”

Sites in Banksia attenuata woodlands were found on sandy soils near Koondoola and also the base of the Scarp at Forrestfield covering two distinct land form units, Southern River Unit (part of the Bassendean system), and Karrakatta unit (part of the Spearwood system). The Environmental Geology series (Gozzard 10

Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

1986) also places the sites north of Perth on the Spearwood Dunes. Structurally this community was recorded as either Banksia attenuata woodlands or Eucalyptus marginata – Banksia attenuata woodlands by Gibson et al. (1994), but additional structural units have since been identified that do not necessarily include Banksia attenuata, and can include Corymbia calophylla as a dominant in the overstorey. This group is the richest of any of the Banksia communities recorded, with an average species richness of 67.4 species/site. Weed frequency was low and the community was distinctive in having a diverse shrub layer and Mesomelaena pseudostygia occurs in all plots established in the type for Gibson et al. (1994) and surveys completed for Bush Forever (Keighery et al. 2012; Government of Western Australia 2000). Sites of Banksia attenuata woodlands are differentiated from the other two subgroups by occurrence of species such as Alexgeorgea nitens, Daviesia nudiflora, Synaphea spinulosa, Hibbertia racemosa, Stylidium androsaceum and a variety of other taxa at low frequency. These unusual Banksia woodlands were previously identified by Keighery and Trudgen (1992) and Keighery and Keighery (1992).

1.5 Soils

Banksia attenuata woodlands have been recorded from six different landform and soil types as defined by Churchward and McArthur (1978).

Twenty six occurrences are located on the Southern River aeolian deposit. This is described as ‘Sandplain with low dunes and many intervening swamps; iron and humus podzols, peats and clays’ (Churchward and McArthur 1978).

Twenty occurrences are on the Karrakatta Aeolian deposits. These are described as ‘undulating landscape with deep yellow sands over limestone’ (Churchward and McArthur 1978). Karrakatta sands are further described in Department of Conservation and Environment (DCE, 1980), as one of the ridges formed parallel to the coast that overlies Tamala limestone that is overlain by leached sand. This sand is said to be likely to be the decalcified remnants of the Pleistocene lime sand dunes. This aeolianite (wind deposited) limestone is mainly composed of shell fossils and quartz sands that formed ancient dune systems. These dunes were then believed to have been leached by percolating ground water and lithified by precipitation as lime cement (DCE 1980). The sands are composed of fine to coarse quartz grains, with some patches of calcareous sand remaining. The sands are typically off-white to grey, grading through buff to deep yellow where they occur close to limestone.

Fifteen occurrences are on the Forrestfield unit of the Ridge Hill Shelf. This is described as ‘laterised foothills of the Darling Scarp dominated by gravely and sandy soils’ (Churchward and McArthur 1978). This area consists of coalescing alluvial fans at the bottom of the scarp and remnants of marine terraces (Ecologia Environmental Consultants 1991). The Forrestfield Unit consists of a belt one to three kilometres wide between the Darling and Gingin Scarps and the Darling Fault, from Walyunga National Park to Harvey. This system has been extensively cleared for agriculture, mining, forestry, and urban development. Only nine percent of the original area of the unit remained uncleared in the Perth Metropolitan Region in 2000 (Bush Forever 2000).

Two occurrences are located on the Guildford Unit of the Fluviatile Deposit group as mapped by Churchward and McArthur (1978). The soils are otherwise known as the Guildford clays. The Guildford Unit is also part of the Pinjarra Plain System and constitutes most of the Pinjarra Plain. The Guildford Unit is found in flat terrain with medium textured deposits and yellow duplex soils of sandy loams over clay (Churchward and McArthur 1978). Only six percent of the original area of the unit remained uncleared in the Perth Metropolitan Region in 2000 (Bush Forever 2000).

Two occurrences are located on the Coonambidgee fluviatile deposit which is described as ‘gently sloping fringe to the Dandaragan Plateau; deep grey sands’ (Churchward and McArthur 1978).

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

The remaining occurrences are located on the Bassendean Complex (central and south). The Bassendean sands are defined as ‘sand plains with low dunes and occasional swamps; iron or humus podzols; areas of complex steep dunes’ (Churchward and McArthur 1978). Bassendean sands are further described in DCE (1980) as a series of dunes that are parallel to the coast and inland of the Tamala Limestone. The sands are generally fine to medium grained, but coarse in places. The soils form a 15km wide zone between the Pinjarra Plain and the coastal belt and consist of low hills of quartz sand with seasonal swamps.

1.6 International obligations

This plan is fully consistent with the aims and recommendations of the Convention on Biological Diversity, ratified by Australia in June 1993, and will assist in implementing Australia’s responsibilities under that convention. The Banksia attenuata over species rich dense shrublands community is not listed under any specific international treaty, however, so this plan does not affect Australia’s obligations under any other international agreements.

1.7 Affected interests

Parties affected by the implementation of this plan include Parks and Wildlife’s Swan Coastal and Perth Hills districts and Swan Region who manage nature reserves and other conservation lands that contain occurrences of the TEC; numerous private landholders; the cities of Canning, Gosnells, Stirling, Swan and Wanneroo and shires of Chittering and Kalamunda who own land that contains occurrences of the TEC. All of these parties have been informed of the importance of the TEC and will be involved in implementation of this IRP.

1.8 Indigenous interests

The South West Aboriginal Land and Sea Council (SWALSC), an umbrella group, covers the areas considered in this plan. According to the Department of Aboriginal Affairs, Aboriginal Heritage Sites Register there are a number of registered sites known to occur in or near occurrences of these Banksia attenuata woodlands. There are art sites in the vicinity of occurrences 6, 9, 16, 19, 20, 21, 30, 38, 40 and 41. There is a scarred tree site in the vicinity of occurrence 26, and an unspecified site near occurrence 8. A site called ‘Emu Swamp’ occurs near occurrence 3 and two occurrences are within Bennett Brook Registered site. Occurrences 7, 29, 60-63, 66, and 70-74 are within the site registered as Poison Gully Creek. Comment was sought from the Council about any aspects of the plan, but particularly about the proposed on-ground actions. Action 1 identifies the intention to continue liaison with relevant groups, including indigenous groups.

1.9 Social and economic impacts and benefits

The implementation of this recovery plan has the potential to have some social and economic impact as some occurrences are located on private property, or in areas not specifically managed for conservation, such as open space, local government reserves and reserves for other purposes. Areas on private land and other areas not specifically managed for conservation including those outside of Bush Forever sites may be regarded as having potential for uses other than conservation by landholders. Approaches that may minimise this potential impact could include covenants, management agreements or land acquisition. There is a mineral tenement in the vicinity of occurrence 5 in the Shire of Chittering, and existing open cut sand quarries in the immediate vicinity of occurrence 9. Recovery actions refer to continued liaison between stakeholders with regard to these areas. Development proposals are imminent over occurrences 37, 38, 53, 68, 69 and 75 and occurrences (or part occurrence) 12, 34, 39-42, 48, 51 and 58, may be targeted for development in the mid-term future.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

1.10 Guide for decision-makers

Proposed developments in the immediate vicinity of Banksia attenuata woodlands require assessment. Activities that may have a significant impact on the community include land clearing, too frequent burning, or significantly altering drainage in the immediate vicinity of the community may require assessment. Proponents should demonstrate that on-ground works will not have a significant impact on the community, or on the habitat that is defined as being critical for its survival.

1.11 Conservation status

The Banksia attenuata woodlands community was endorsed by the WA Minister for Environment in 2001 as meeting the following criterion for endangered (EN) ecological communities: B) Current distribution is limited, and: iii) there may be many occurrences but total area is small and all or most occurrences are small and/or isolated and very vulnerable to known threatening processes.

[The Banksia woodlands of the Swan Coastal Plain were listed as a TEC under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 on 16 September 2016. The listing encompassed a suite of WA threatened and priority ecological communities including the Banksia woodlands over species rich dense shrublands. threatened ecological community (TEC).]

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a 2 Threatening processes

Clearing

Although many occurrences are included in Bush Forever, actions recommended under Bush Forever have not yet been implemented for many areas, and security is not yet assured. Most of the Bush Forever sites are surrounded by urban development. Some parts of Bush Forever sites are likely to be targeted for clearing for road widening, or infrastructure such as installation of transmission line easements and access.

The presence of TECs is considered by the Department of Environment Regulation when evaluating the impact of proposed developments. As a result of amendments to the Environmental Protection Act 1986, any clearing of native vegetation requires a permit, unless done for an exempt purpose. Threatened ecological communities have been defined under the Environmental Protection (Clearing of Native Vegetation) Regulations 2004, as environmentally sensitive areas and any clearing proposals in a TEC are to be undertaken under a specific permit unless exempted under the Act itself.

There is generally no real security of tenure for sites outside of Bush Forever, and a series of areas are proposed for development. Occurrences 37, 38 and 48 are to be cleared for development. Part of Occurrence 34 is planned for infrastructure including a power substation. Occurrence 12 is likely to be in the path of planned power grid infrastructure. Occurrence 58 is proposed to be partly cleared for the construction of a water storage tank. Occurrences 39-42 and 53 are within Main Roads WA road reserves, and are within the area that may be considered for future redevelopment of the junction of Roe and Great Eastern Highway bypass road. Some newly identified occurrences of this community are also subject to clearing, including occurrence 69 that has already been cleared, occurrence 68 that is within the proposed Perth-Darwin National Highway Swan Valley bypass corridor and occurrence 75.

Occurrences that have already been cleared include an occurrence that formerly covered 9.4ha in Wangara which was quarried and then developed into a light industrial area; 2.6ha in Landsdale which was cleared for the extension of Hepburn Avenue; and 0.4ha along Roe Highway Hazelmere which was cleared for development. Two other areas located in Dianella and High Wycombe were considered to be the community, but were cleared before they were included in the TEC database.

Disease

Dieback disease caused by Phytophthora species has the potential to impact the community, although it is not known if these particular Banksia attenuata woodlands are very susceptible to the disease. Elevated dry sands, are not particularly conducive to dieback, and the disease may not spread rapidly despite the number of highly susceptible species in the overstorey (Appendix 1). Dieback usually spreads much more slowly on the yellow and orange sands on which these Banksia attenuata woodlands generally occur than it does on grey nutrient poor soils of the Bassendean system. Regardless, even small, slow-moving infestations of dieback can be exacerbated by soil disturbance and movement, and may be significant in small areas of remnant vegetation. Dieback assessment and mapping has been conducted at ten occurrences (2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 18, 22, 23, 37, 39, 40-42). Infestations of Phytophthora were found at occurrences 2 (6.5ha), 37 (0.6ha), 39 (1.25) and 42 (0.43ha).

Dieback disease results in the loss of susceptible species and may result in altered composition and structure of vegetation. Infected areas will need to be mapped to help guide future management such as rehabilitation, treatment of priority areas with phosphite to control dieback, and closure of specific tracks where vehicle or foot access may spread or amplify disease impact. The risk of introduction and spread can be further minimised by ensuring good hygiene practices that involve the adequate washing down of any equipment used on or adjacent to the community and restricting access by vehicles, people and machinery

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a to dry soil conditions. Areas adjacent to infected areas, those downslope from infected areas and areas where access is not controlled are highly susceptible to dieback infestation.

Other disease causing pathogens can be mistaken for dieback when appropriate interpretation has not been undertaken. These include aerial cankers and the Australian honey fungus, Armillaria (white rot). These pathogens can be highly destructive and particularly Armillaria could be carried into bushland areas with mulch as it survives on dead plant material. A small patch of Armillaria lubteobubalina was detected in occurrence 3.

Myrtle Rust (Puccinia psidii s.l. syn. Uredo rangelii) is an airborne fungal disease that has the potential to infect many species of plants belonging to the family Myrtaceae (Department of Agriculture and Food 2015). It was first detected in a commercial nursery in eastern Australia in 2010. Dispersal of rust spores can occur through wind, honey bees, and via contaminated clothing, infected plant material and insect movement. A suite of Myrtaceae species occur in this community (Appendix 1) and are potentially vulnerable to infection by this disease if it is introduced into the State.

Altered fire regimes

There are few data available through which fire regimes that enhance/protect the composition of Banksia attenuata woodlands can be elucidated, so that what actually constitutes an appropriate fire regime will require investigation. It seems likely that fire regimes such as long periods of fire exclusion, sustained frequent burns, and post-fire grazing (eg by rabbits) will be detrimental to the community. Many of the occurrences of this community are within the Perth urban area, and have been burnt relatively frequently in recent years. Brundrett and Longman (2015) are currently studying the effects of hot summer wildfire on plant diversity and have documented the timing and method of recovery of some species in Banksia woodland. Early results on comparisons of diversity, density and cover of native and weed species pre and post fire show that nine months following a hot wildfire, the total number of native plant species pre and post fire was similar, however composition had altered with the biggest change being in weed diversity post fire.

Burrows (2008) notes that there is no single optimum fire regime that will meet all management objectives, but that there are fire regimes that can be applied based on available evidence. Burrows (2008) recommends fire regimes based on vital attributes, regimes that provide for diversity of frequency, season and intensity, and provide habitat diversity, and a fine-grain mosaic of habitats. Burrows (2008) suggests that if these fire regimes are implemented in an adaptive management framework, they provide good data and can lead to better fire management.

Burrows et al. (2008) recommended a minimum period between fires that are lethal to fire-sensitive plants (obligate seeders with long juvenile periods) of at least twice the juvenile period of the slowest maturing species. That is, the juvenile period of plant taxa that are killed by fire and only reproduce from seed can be used as a guide to determine minimum inter-fire intervals. In fire sensitive habitats, this may be increased to 3-4 times the juvenile period for fire sensitive species (Barrett et al. 2009).

The juvenile period of many species that occur in the community is listed in Appendix 1. Although the juvenile periods of many taxa are not known, the data included in Appendix 1 can be used as a guide. In the case of this community, Petrophile macrostachya is a serotinous species that is killed by fire and only reproduces from seed. The juvenile period is 60 months, therefore a minimum inter-fire interval of ten years, and up to 20 years would be recommended for occurrences that contain this species. The juvenile period for other taxa that are unlikely to survive fire in the Banksia attenuata woodlands is also quite long. For example, Eremaea pauciflora, Patersonia occidentalis and Gompholobium tomentosum have juvenile periods of 48, 36 and 31 months respectively. Other species that are likely to survive fire also have long juvenile periods. These include Banksia attenuata and Eucalyptus marginata (both 48 months). These long juvenile periods should also be taken into account when designing appropriate fire regimes for this community.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

A recent study by Wilson et al. (2014) produced a model to assist development of suitable ecological burning regimes for Banksia woodlands and similar ecosystems. The study incorporated both flora and fauna responses to fire in Banksia woodlands on the Gnangara Groundwater System in Perth’s north metropolitan area. These guidelines estimated the ideal age class distribution at a landscape level to aid the determination of the maximum and minimum fire intervals of crucial fire response species.

Drying climate also needs to be considered when designing appropriate fire regimes. It is likely that reduced rainfall will cause diminishing growth rates, and plant maturation times may also therefore increase. Longer inter-fire intervals are therefore likely to be desirable.

Disturbances within remnants often lead to an increase in weed invasion, particularly where remnants are small. Therefore, fire frequency should be minimised unless studies indicate that fire is not occurring frequently enough. In addition, the risk of fire is increased by the presence of grassy weeds in the understorey, as they are likely to be more flammable than the original native species in the herb layer. The increased number of fires may well be impacting the community in terms of structure, composition and level of weed invasion. Areas that have been recently burnt should be monitored to determine if weed control is required. Monitoring the general floristics of as many sites in comparatively good condition as possible is also required to elucidate the community’s response to fire.

Disturbance due to recreational use and maintenance activities

Many occurrences are in areas utilized heavily for public recreation where visitation is high and the impact from recreational users from trampling, rubbish and track creation is increased. Parts of occurrences 10-11 and 33-34 have also been used as unofficial rubbish tips. Apart from being visually unappealing, rubbish, in particular garden waste, introduces weeds and seeds into the bushland and increases the fire hazard.

Almost all occurrences would be expected to be affected by firebreak construction and maintenance as they occur in small vegetation remnants. It is important to construct and maintain firebreaks, however this should be strategic and will need to be undertaken with minimal disturbance to the vegetation.

Weed invasion

In a recent study of Banksia resilience to climate change, weed invasion was shown to be a major factor influencing local extinctions of Banksia spp. (Randell 2016). Current weed levels in most occurrences are still quite low, with the exception of some localized areas within occurrences that have been subject to heavy disturbance historically. Many sites are burnt relatively frequently in fires that are deliberately lit by arsonists, and have suffered increased weed invasion as a consequence (eg occurrences 3, 10, 11, 13 and 46). Most of the occurrences of this community are close to or surrounded by urban areas that act as weed sources, and would be vulnerable to weed invasion following any disturbance. Common weeds in occurrences include Aira caryophyllea, Ehrharta calycina, Vulpia sp. and Gladiolus caryophyllaceus.

Hydrological change The Banksia attenuata woodlands are deep-rooted perennial vegetation and include eucalypts and banksia species that are considered facultative phreatophytes; species that utilise groundwater when rainfall and surface water are unavailable. The component understorey of the Banksia attenuata woodlands comprise shrubs, herbs, sedges and grasses that utilise moisture at varying depths and are not dependent on specific hydrological conditions (Sommer and Froend 2011).

Banksia attenuata woodlands are one of a number of groundwater dependent ecosystems in southwestern Western Australia that are threatened by groundwater abstraction (Sommer and Froend 2011), and in addition to this threat, is an ongoing decline in regional water tables due to a drying climate. These groundwater dependent communities are generally adapted to natural fluctuating groundwater levels, 16

Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a however, a sudden drawdown may exceed their adaptive capacity. Coupled with long-term climatic drying, groundwater drawdown may cause the rate of groundwater decline to exceed potential root reach or growth rate, or physiological tolerance (Sommer and Froend 2011).

These Banksia attenuata woodlands are likely to rely on groundwater for survival. If abstraction of groundwater or developments that may otherwise impact groundwater quality or levels are planned in areas near the community, the following issues should be considered: • natural patterns of recharge should be maintained; • seek to minimise disruption to groundwater levels; and • seek to maintain groundwater quality.

There are a series of bores listed in the Department of Water’s Groundwater Information System (DoW 2015) located close to or within occurrences of the community, for which data can be extracted to determine groundwater levels over a long period of time. Some data indicate that static water levels are well below the natural ground surface when bores were drilled. There are additional data for some of the areas where the community occurs and these data would be a useful indicator for further field analyses to determine water levels and quality in this community. Groves (2014) used available data from the Water INformation (WIN) database to assess risk to three Banksia woodland types located on the Swan Coastal Plain between Pinjar and Serpentine, and determined trends in the water table levels in the superficial aquifer for the years 1990- 2011. Figure 2 taken from Groves (2014) indicates groundwater levels for Koondoola Regional bushland, the largest occurrence of these Banksia attenuata woodlands. The data shows an increasing depth to groundwater level over the past 20 years. Groves (2014) noted that increasing groundwater abstraction and reductions in rainfall in the region will likely continue to cause groundwater levels to continue to decline into the future. Continued groundwater decline also has the potential to change the composition and structure of the Banksia attenuata woodlands from deep rooted to shallow rooted plant species.

Quarrying

The yellow sands commonly associated with this community are a focus for quarrying. Existing open cut sand mines occur in the immediate vicinity of occurrences 9, 24, 25-28, 44, 55 and 57.

Grazing

Rabbits have invaded a number of occurrences, causing damage to vegetation root structure through warren construction. Rabbits are likely to cause alteration to species composition by selective grazing of edible species and introducing nutrients that promote weed growth. Grazing is likely to impact the establishment of young plants and limit natural recruitment. Rabbits also spread weeds, and seedlings are frequently seen germinating next to rabbit droppings, indicating they are a major vector for weeds (Brundrett and Longman 2015).

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a 3 Recovery objectives and criteria

IRP Objective(s): To maintain or improve the overall condition of the Banksia attenuata woodlands over species rich dense shrublands in the known locations and reduce the level of threat with the aim of ensuring it does not meet criteria for a higher threat rank.

Criteria for success:  an increase in the number of occurrences of this community managed for conservation and/or with conservation included in the purpose over the life of the plan.  representative areas of the community across its geographical range maintained in the same or improved condition (Bush Forever condition scales) over the life of the plan.  90% or more of the aerial extent of occurrences maintained at the same condition rank, or improved over the life of the plan, excluding effects of drying climate that are outside the scope of this plan.

Criterion for failure:  decline in condition rank of 10% or more of the aerial extent of the community over the life of the plan, excluding effects of drying climate that are outside the scope of this plan or  failure to achieve an increase in the area managed for conservation over the life of the plan.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a 4 Recovery Actions

The responsible authority is frequently listed as the relevant Parks and Wildlife District. This refers largely to initiating and guiding actions. In general the relevant Parks and Wildlife District, in liaison with Species and Communities Branch and the relevant recovery team share the primary responsibility for securing funds for recovery and coordinating the implementation of recovery actions.

Completed actions

Relevant managers of lands that contain the Banksia attenuata woodlands have been notified of the importance of the community.

The extent and boundaries of all accessible occurrences have been mapped.

A biodiversity strategy that details recovery actions for all reserves managed by the City of Wanneroo is in place (City of Wanneroo 2011). The City of Wanneroo has management plans that specifically detail recovery actions for;  Koondoola Regional Bushland, that contains occurrence 3 (City of Wanneroo 2008),  Montrose Conservation Reserve, that contains occurrence 31 (City of Wanneroo 1995a),  Highview Park, that contains occurrences 35 and 36 (City of Wanneroo 1995b),  Marangaroo Conservation Reserve, that contains occurrence 1 (City of Wanneroo 1990).

Community groups in the City of Wanneroo assist in managing areas that contain the Banksia attenuata woodlands including: Koondoola Regional Bushland, Landsdale Park, and Marangaroo Conservation Reserve.

A biodiversity strategy is in place for areas of this community managed by the Shire of Kalamunda, (Shire of Kalamunda 2008), City of Swan (City of Swan 2015), City of Gosnells (City of Gosnells 2010). The City of Stirling has developed management plans for regionally significant conservation reserves. The City of Canning considers natural bushland as key assets that they actively manage with the support of friends groups. An Environment Management Plan has been prepared for Telstra Corporation to oversee management of the community at Cullacabardee (BSD Consultants Pty Ltd 2002).

Negotiations with land owners have resulted in the transfer of a number of occurrences to more secure tenure purposed for the conservation of flora and fauna. Occurrence 6 that was previously privately owned freehold land is now a Class A nature reserve. Occurrence 5 previously Crown freehold is now a Class C nature reserve managed by Parks and Wildlife. Occurrences 3, 33 and 43 previously freehold land are now Crown reserves vested with the City of Wanneroo. Occurrence 29 previously privately owned freehold land is now a reserve for the conservation of flora and fauna managed by the Shire of Kalamunda. Freehold land that accounts for around half of occurrence 34 is now a reserve for the conservation of flora and fauna managed by the City of Swan. Lots 30-31, 43-44 and 63 within Crown Reserve 37997 (part of Occurrence 2), previously managed by WA Planning Commission was transferred to the Conservation Commission of WA (now the Conservation and Parks Commission) and is now managed by Parks and Wildlife for the protection of fauna and flora.

Actions recently completed for occurrence 2 include completion of fencing of reserves 37997 and 37260. Internal rabbit proof fencing, rabbit baiting, translocation (re-establishment) of Macarthuria keigheryi have been completed, and rehabilitation of degraded areas of Reserve 37997 has been initiated.

Edith Cowan University has initiated a PhD research project aimed at defining the habitat preferences for the Banksia attenuata woodlands and Conospermum undulatum. A survey of vegetation condition and

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a threatening processes coupled with this study will assist in developing a risk assessment framework to assist future management.

Recommended recovery actions

1. Liaise with stakeholders to implement recovery

Many of the occurrences are managed by authorities other than Parks and Wildlife, or are privately owned. Liaison with all land managers will be required in seeking conservation management and avoiding further loss or damage to the community. Indigenous groups will also be consulted about relevant on-ground actions in this plan.

Information about the community will continue to be provided by local Parks and Wildlife staff to all stakeholders including landholders and managers of land containing the community to help prevent accidental destruction of the community, and gain public support for its conservation. This will include information from the TEC database, maps indicating the location of the community, and this recovery plan.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (Swan Coastal District (SC) and Perth Hills District (PH)) and Species and Communities Branch (SCB)) Cost: $2,000 per year Completion date: Ongoing

2. Seek to minimise further clearing of the community

Further clearing or destruction by other means, especially of areas of the community in good condition, will be minimised wherever possible by acquisition, negotiation, planning and provision of advice about the community to regulators assessing proposals that impact the community.

There is approximately 433 ha of Banksia attenuata woodlands recorded on the TEC database that is within Bush Forever sites however a suite of recommendations held in Bush Forever have not yet been implemented (parts or whole of occurrences 1, 8, 14, 16 and 17).

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH and SCB), relevant local authorities, Department of Planning and the Department of Environment Regulation Cost: Costs included in action 1, other costs to be determined Completion date: Ongoing

3. Verify occurrences as required

There is a suite of occurrences that are considered to be the Banksia attenuata woodlands based on key combinations of component taxa and habitat features and the identity of these, and any other potential occurrences, should be confirmed where possible (occurrences 11, 13, 43). Quadrats will need to be installed as per methods in Gibson et al. (1994) and appropriate statistical analyses completed to assign the community type. In addition, in some cases the analysis of quadrat data did not return conclusive results, and further investigation may clarify their identity. The TEC database will then be amended as required.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH and SCB) Cost: $5,000 per year Completion date: Ongoing

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

4. Continue to monitor the extent and boundaries of occurrences

To date many of the occurrences have been manually mapped or mapped using aerial photographs. Extent and boundary information will continue to be updated on the TEC database.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH and SCB) Cost: $3,000 Completion date: Ongoing

5. Install markers

To reduce the likelihood of accidental destruction, Parks and Wildlife will encourage land managers to mark roadside occurrences of threatened ecological communities, and occurrences located on tracks or firebreaks, with the same pegs as used to mark threatened flora. These will be placed about 50 m either side of the boundaries of the community to provide a protective buffer.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH) Cost: To be determined Completion date: Ongoing

6. Encompass monitoring in an adaptive management framework

A monitoring program will be established for a representative subset of the Banksia attenuata woodlands and management practices. A quantitative method such as the line intercept will be used, which will consist of installing a transect or number of transects, and/or utilising the permanent plots already in place from the Gibson et al. (1994) survey wherever possible. Monitoring protocols will be based on those developed through the Resource Condition Monitoring project (Clarke 2009, and Brown and Clarke 2009). The monitoring will be linked to areas where active management or impacts are anticipated, so analysis of results can be incorporated to improve management of fire, hydrology, grazing by native or feral animals, weed invasion, disease and other factors, as is recommended for an adaptive management framework.

The occurrences will be monitored every five years, or following a disturbance event such as fire to provide information on condition and response to environmental variables. Data collected will then be entered on to a database and analysed. The results of data analyses will be added to the TEC database. This information is essential for determining changes in the community over time and the effects of specific events such as fires.

The limits of tolerance to change in water levels and quality are not known and will only be determined through the application of an adaptive management framework. Hydrology will be examined with detailed quantitative monitoring of floristic composition and structure linked to areas where there is likely to be significant change in groundwater levels or quality.

Remote sensing data such as ‘Vegetation Trend’ from Landsat TM provides a coarse measure of change in vegetation cover. The interpretation of these data requires ground truthing as factors such as recovery from fire may not otherwise be evident. This remote sensing method may be suitable for some aspects of monitoring in future.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH) Cost: $6,000 every fifth year Completion date: Ongoing

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

7. Implement weed control and rehabilitation as required

Weed control plans will be developed for areas of bushland that contain the community and will be based on information from weed mapping. Plans will identify the highest priority weeds that pose the greatest threat to the community in the early stages of invasion. Appropriate methods of weed control are found in Brown and Brooks (2002) and Brown and Bettink (2009). Methods may include hand weeding or localised application of herbicide. The herb layer is an integral part of this plant community and care will be taken to minimise disturbance of native herbs in any weed control program.

Rehabilitation through reintroduction of local native species may be necessary if areas are no longer capable of regenerating following weed control. Piles of weed-contaminated soil in any occurrences should be removed and the areas replanted. Tracks excess to requirements should be left to revegetate naturally. Seed from the same occurrence should ideally be used for rehabilitation but this may not be practical, in particular where species richness of sites is depleted. Where seed from the site is not available, seed from nearby occurrences of the local species should be used.

Highest priorities include maintenance and control of perennial/annual grass weeds, including Ehrharta calycina, Eragrostis curvula and Vulpia sp. (annual), the cormous Iridaceae Gladiolus caryophyllaceus and cormous Watsonia meriana that have potential for significant impact. The highest priority occurrences to target for weed control are 2, 5, 6, 7, 51 and 55.

Local government authorities who manage land on which this community occurs, contribute substantially to weed control and rehabilitation.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (Swan Region( SR), SC, PH) in consultation with landholders, land managers) Cost: $10,000* per annum for weed control; rehabilitation costs to be determined Completion date: Ongoing * Parks and Wildlife managed lands

8. Develop and implement a fire management strategy

There is an urgent need for research into the fire-response of the community, and to determine the implications of findings for management. This would also include developing a fire history map of the occurrences, which is updated annually. A fire management strategy will include recommendations on fire frequency, intensity, season, and control measures, including the location of fire-breaks in occurrences. Close liaison with all stakeholders will be required to develop a fire management strategy.

The outcomes of implementation of a particular regime on the composition and structure of the community should be quantitatively monitored and results and data analyses incorporated into an adaptive management framework.

Based on the fire response of one of the most fire sensitive taxa in the community, Petrophile macrostachya, a minimum inter-fire interval of ten years and up to 20 years is initially recommended for the community.

Drying climate also needs to be considered when designing appropriate fire regimes. It is likely that reduced rainfall will cause diminishing growth rates, and plant maturation times will also therefore increase. Longer inter-fire intervals will therefore be desirable.

Given the peri-urban location of most of the occurrences long-term fire exclusion is unlikely due to the frequency of wild fires in bushland with easy access close to human population centres.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Maintenance of existing firebreaks is appropriate where firebreaks are already constructed, unless maintenance is likely to cause spread or intensification of disease or otherwise degrade the community. Careful use of herbicides is the preferred method of maintenance of firebreaks to minimise soil movement and risk of disease spread in the community. No new firebreaks should be constructed in intact vegetation in occurrences. Local Parks and Wildlife staff should be involved in planning fire break construction and maintenance for the community.

Fire management or response plans are recommended especially for important occurrences. Fire fighting authorities need to recognise the importance of not constructing new tracks during their operations, including during wild fires. The use of heavy machinery to create new fire breaks within the community should be avoided where safe and practical to do so, to avoid further degrading the community.

A local Parks and Wildlife staff member will ideally be present during wild fires and controlled burns in remnants that contain occurrences of the community, to advise on protecting the conservation values of the community.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SR, SC, PH); in consultation with all stakeholders Cost: $10,000 in first year and $5,000 each following year Completion date: Ongoing

9. Interpret and map disease areas

Data on dieback presence and impact, and future biodiversity implications such as loss or decline of threatened and/or priority taxa, or structurally or functionally important taxa, are likely to be important determinants of the priority of treatment of individual occurrences.

Areas of the Banksia attenuata woodland community affected by dieback should be mapped and treatment applied according to the Dieback Protocol (Dieback Working Group (2000)). Guidelines according to the Department of Parks and Wildlife’s Policy statement No 3 Management of Phytophthora disease (2015c) will be followed.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife Cost: $2,500 per year Completion date: Ongoing

10. Implement disease hygiene procedures

The disease susceptibility of the Banksia attenuata woodlands community is likely to vary greatly depending on local habitat and flora. Risk of introduction of disease will be minimized by ensuring good hygiene procedures. This will involve adequately washing down any equipment and footwear used near or in the Banksia woodland, and restricting access by vehicles and machinery to dry soil conditions. No vehicle access should be allowed onto areas of the Banksia attenuata woodlands.

Hygiene management plans should be prepared for all occurrences in conjunction with disease mapping (Action 9).

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH in consultation with landholders and land managers) Cost: $1,500 per year Completion date: Ongoing

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

11. Design and conduct research

Research will be designed to increase understanding of the biological and ecological characteristics of the community to assist future management. Research will ideally include:

1. Improving characterisation of the floristics of the Banksia attenuata woodlands; 2. Defining habitat preferences for the Banksia attenuata woodlands (and the rare flora taxon Conospermum undulatum) that is associated with numerous southern occurrences of the community; 3. Verifying vegetation condition and threatening processes in each occurrence; and 4. Utilising improved data on vegetation condition and threatening processes to develop a risk assessment framework to assist future management.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (Science and Conservation Division, SCD) Cost: TBD Completion date: Year 5

12. Seek long term protection of the community for conservation

If suitable areas containing the community and funding avenues become available, Parks and Wildlife will seek to acquire the remnants, including an adequate buffer as relevant, or otherwise ensure their protection. These areas will be protected through perpetual protection agreements (such as conservation covenants) or reserved as conservation reserves vested with the Conservation and Parks Commission.

A series of occurrences or part thereof, are in Bush Forever sites that are proposed for future conservation management (eg 20, 21, 40, 44, 46, 51, 54, 55, 57, 66, 70-74).

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SC, PH, SCB, Land Unit), in consultation with all stakeholders Cost: To be determined Completion date: Ongoing

13. Report on recovery plan implementation

Reporting will be part of annual reports prepared by the Recovery Team, and will include results of analysis of monitoring within an adaptive management framework. A final report will be presented as part of review and update of the recovery plan, if deemed necessary.

Responsibility: Parks and Wildlife (SD, PH) Cost: $2,000 per annum Completion date: Year 5

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Table 2. Summary of costs for each recovery action

Recovery actions Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5 Liaise with stakeholders to implement recovery $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 Seek to minimise further clearing of the TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD community Verify occurrences as required $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 Continue to monitor the extent and boundaries of $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 $3,000 occurrences Install markers TBD - - - -

Encompass monitoring in an adaptive - - - $6,000 management framework Implement weed control and rehabilitation as $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 $10,000 required Develop and implement a fire management $10,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 $5,000 strategy Interpret and map disease areas $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 $2,500 Implement disease hygiene procedures $1,500 $1,500 $1,500 $1,500 $1,500 Design and conduct research TBD - - - - Seek long term protection of the community for TBD - - - - conservation Report on recovery plan implementation $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 $2,000 Total $36,000 $31,000 $31,000 $31,000 $37,000 TBD – to be determined Total of all costs over five years (not including uncosted actions): $166,000

5 Term of plan

The plan will operate from 2016 to 2021 but will remain in force until withdrawn or replaced. It is intended that, if the ecological communities are still ranked endangered in Western Australia after five years, the need for further recovery actions and for an updated recovery plan will be evaluated.

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a 6. References

Abbott, I. and Burrows, N. (eds.) (2003). Fire in ecosystems of south-west Western Australia: impacts and management. Bachhuys Publishers, Leiden, Netherlands. Barrett, S., Comer, S., McQuoid, N., Porter, M., Tiller, C. and Utber, D. (2009). Identification and Conservation of Fire Sensitive Ecosystems and Species of the South Coast Natural Resource Management Region. Department of Environment and Conservation, South Coast NRM. Albany, Western Australia. Bennett Environmental Consulting Pty Ltd (2008). Flora and Vegetation Bush Forever Site 401, Bougainvillea Avenue Forrestfield. Prepared for: MBS Environmental 4 Cook Street West Perth 6005. Brown, K. and Brooks, K. (2002) Bushland weeds; a practical guide to their management. Environmental Weeds Action Network (Inc.), Western Australia. Brown, K.L. and Bettink, K.A. (2009–) Swan Weeds: Management Notes, FloraBase — The Western Australian Flora. Department of Parks and Wildlife. https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/weeds/swanweeds/ Brown, K. and Clark, V.T. (2009). Monitoring Protocol: Weed control within Brixton Street Wetlands Herb Rich Shrublands in clay pans (FCT 8) Threatened Ecological Community. Department of Environment and Conservation, Western Australia. Brundrett, M. and Longman, V. (2015). Recovery of Banksia woodland after fire in Wildflower Society of WA Newsletter May 2015. Wildlife Society of WA (Inc.). BSD Consultants Pty Ltd (2002). Telstra PITC, Landsdale. Environment Management Plan. Unpublished report prepared for Telstra Corporation Ltd. Subiaco, Western Australia. Burrows N.D. (2008). Linking fire ecology and fire management in south-west Australian forest landscapes. Forest Ecology and Management. 255: 2394–2406. Burrows, N.D., Wardell-Johnson, G. and Ward, B. (2008). Post-fire juvenile period of plants in south-west Australia forests and implications for fire management. Journal Royal Society, Western Australia. 91: 163- 174. Churchward H.M and McArthur, W.M. (1978) Darling System Landform and Soils. Department of Conservation and Environment. Perth, Western Australia. City of Gosnells (accessed 2016). Natural area management plans. http://www.gosnells.wa.gov.au/About_our_City/Environment/Caring_for_our_environment/Bushland/Natu ral_area_management_plans City of Swan (accessed 2015). Our Conservation Estate. http://www.swan.wa.gov.au/Residents/Sustainable_Living/Conserve_Nature/Land/Focus_stories/Our_cons ervation_estate. Accessed June 2015. City of Wanneroo (1990). Marangaroo Conservation Reserve Draft Management Plan. City of Wanneroo. City of Wanneroo (1995a). Montrose Conservation Reserve Management Plan. City of Wanneroo. City of Wanneroo (1995b). Highview Park Management Plan. City of Wanneroo. City of Wanneroo (2008). Koondoola Regional Bushland Management Plan (July 2008). Prepared by Ecoscape for the City of Wanneroo. City of Wanneroo (2008). City of Wanneroo Local Environmental Plan 2009-2014. Wanneroo Western Australia. City of Wanneroo (2011). Local Biodiversity Strategy (2011-2016). City of Wanneroo. Clarke, V. (2009). Monitoring the impacts of fire and Phytophthora within the shallow soil plant communities of the Mt Lindesay Threatened Ecological Community, Denmark WA. Unpublished report prepared for Significant Native Species and Ecological Communities – Resource Condition Monitoring Project. Department of Environment and Conservation, Perth. Department of Agriculture and Food. https://www.agric.wa.gov.au/. Accessed June 2015. Department of Conservation and Environment (1980). Atlas of Natural Resources Darling System Western Australia. Perth. Department of Conservation and Environment (1983). Conservation Reserves for Western Australia as recommended by the Environmental Protection Authority - 1983. The Darling System, System 6. Part II: Recommendations for Specific Localities. Perth. 26

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Department of Environment and Conservation (2013a). Phytophthora Disease Interpretation Report Dundas Nature Reserve. Perth, Western Australia. Department of Environment and Conservation (2013b). Phytophthora Disease Interpretation Report Stirling Crescent TEC Site. Perth, Western Australia. Department of Environmental Protection (1996). System 6 update program unpublished site and area records and analyses. Environmental Protection Authority, Perth, Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife (2015a). Corporate Policy Statement No. 35. Conserving Threatened Species and Ecological Communities. Perth, Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife (2015b). Corporate Guideline No. 35. Listing and Recovery of Threatened Species and Ecological Communities. Perth, Western Australia. Department of Parks and Wildlife (2015c). Corporate Policy statement No 3. Management of Phytophthora disease. Ecologia Environmental Consultants (1991). Bushmead Rifle Range Development Draft Environmental Impact Statement: Biological Survey. Unpublished report for Australian Property Group. English, V. and Blyth, J. (1997a) Identifying and Conserving Threatened Ecological Communities in the South West Botanical Province. Project N702, Final Report to Environment Australia. Department of Conservation and Land Management. Perth, Western Australia. English, V. and Blyth, J. (1997b) Development and application of procedures to identify and conserve threatened ecological communities in the South-west Botanical Province of Western Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology 5, 124-138. Environmental Resources Management Australia (2004). Draft Report. Flora Survey Lot 15141 Alexander Drive, Malaga. Report prepared for LandCorp. Perth, Western Australia. Froend, R., Sommer, B. (2010) Phreatophytic vegetation response to climatic and abstraction-induced groundwater drawdown: Examples of long-term spatial and temporal variability in community response. Ecol. Eng. 36: 1191-1200. Gibson, N., Keighery, B., Keighery, G., Burbidge, A and Lyons, M. (1994) A floristic survey of the Southern Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished report for the Australian Heritage Commission prepared by the Department of Conservation and Land Management and the Conservation Council of Western Australia (Inc.). Government of Western Australia (2000). Bush Forever. Department of Environmental Protection, Perth. Gozzard, J.R. (1986). Perth Sheet 2034 II and part Sheets 2034 II and 2134 III, Environmental Geology Series. Geological Survey of Western Australia, Department of Minerals and Energy, Perth. Groves, H. (2014). Predicted risk to Banksia woodlands in the Swan Coastal Plain in response to groundwater decline. Study completed for the WA Department of Parks and Wildlife in accordance with the hydrogeological industry placement for the completion of a Master of Hydrogeology degree at the University of Western Australia. Heddle, E. M., Loneragan, O. W., and Havel, J. J. (1980). Vegetation Complexes of the Darling System, Western Australia. In Department of Conservation and Environment, Atlas of Natural Resources, Darling System, Western Australia Griffin E.A. and Trudgen M.E. (2015 revised). Analysis of floristic data from Ioppolo Road and Hepburn Avenue to assign sites to floristic community types. Prepared for Coffey Environments. E.A. Griffin and Associates with M.E. Trudgen and Associates. Griffin, E.A. (1994). Floristic survey of northern sandplains between Perth and Geraldton. Dept. of Agriculture Resource management technical report 144 South Perth. Keighery, G.J. and Keighery, B.J. (1992). Plant Communities of the Northern Swan Coastal Plain – with Special Reference to Uncommon and Potentially Rare Plant Communities. In: Bushland in Our Backyard. Editors N. Gibson and B.J. Keighery. Wildflower Society of WA Inc., Nedlands. Keighery, B.J. and Trudgen, M.E. (1992). The Remnant Vegetation of the Eastern Side of the Swan Coastal Plain. Unpublished report to the Department of Conservation and Land Management for the National Estate Grants Program. PGV Environmental (2016). Description on the vegetation condition of remnant bushland of Lot 25 Victoria Road Kenwick on behalf of property owners. Statement to Parks and Wildlife. Unpublished document.

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Randell, Sarah. (2016). Is Banksia resilient to climate change? Research Thesis dissertation Honours (Botany). The University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology. Shire of Kalamunda (2008). Local Biodiversity Strategy: Natural area planning in the Shire of Kalamunda (October 2008). The Shire of Kalamunda. Sommer, B and Froend R (2011). Resilience of phreatophytic vegetation to groundwater drawdown: is recovery possible under a drying climate? J. Ecohydrol. 4: 67-82. Tauss, C and Weston, A.S. (2010). The flora, vegetation and wetlands of the Maddington-Kenwick Strategic Employment Area. A survey of the rural lands in the vicinity of the Greater Brixton St Wetlands. Report to the City of Gosnells. Tauss and Associates Biodiversity Consultants, (2015). Flora and Vegetation Survey of Dianella Bushland. Part 1 Gay St, Lot 13 Dianella Drive & Cottonwood Crescent BFS (City of Stirling) Western Australia. Perth Airport Corporation (2014). Perth Airport Preliminary Draft Master Plan 2014. Perth. Western Australian Local Government Association and Perth Biodiversity Project (2004). Local Government Biodiversity Planning guidelines for the Perth Metropolitan Region. West Perth. Wilde, S.A. and Low, G.H. (1978). 1: 250,000 Geological Series – Map and Explanatory Notes. Perth Sheet SH50-14. Geological Survey of Western Australia. Perth. Wilson B.A. Kuehs, J., Valentine, E., Sonneman, T. and Wolfe, KM., (2014). Guidelines for ecological burning regimes in Mediterranean ecosystems: a case study in Banksia woodlands in Western Australia. Pacific Conservation Biology Vol. 20(1)57-74. Surrey Beatty & Sons, Sydney.

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Appendix 1: Vascular plants recorded from at least 40% of plots in occurrences (DEP 1996), including ecological characteristics of native flora commonly recorded in occurrences Taxon Fire response Months to Longevity Dieback response first flowering Alexgeorgea nitens Perennial Allocasuarina humilis Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 36 Perennial Inferred high susceptibility Amphipogon turbinatus Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers 12 Perennial Inferred evidence of resistance Banksia attenuata Survives 100% scorch, epicormics 48 Perennial Inferred high susceptibility Banksia menziesii Survives 100% scorch, epicormics 24 Perennial Some evidence of high susceptibility Banksia dallanneyi Perennial Bossiaea eriocarpa Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 12 Perennial Unknown Burchardia congesta Perennial Calectasia narragara Perennial Caustis dioica Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers - Perennial Unknown Conospermum undulatum (V) Perennial Conostephium pendulum Perennial Conostylis aurea Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 24 Perennial Unknown Conostylis setigera 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 24 Perennial Good evidence of resistance Cyathochaeta equitans Perennial Dampiera linearis Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers 24 Perennial Good evidence of resistance Dasypogon obliquifolius Perennial Dasypogon bromeliifolius Survives 100% scorch, large apical bud 6 Perennial Some evidence of variable susceptibility Daviesia triflora Perennial Daviesia divaricata Perennial Daviesia nudiflora Perennial Desmocladus fasciculatus Perennial Drosera erythrorhiza Geophyte (Survives 100% scorch) 11 Perennial Good evidence of resistance Drosera menziesii Geophyte (Survives 100% scorch) 8 Perennial Unknown Eremaea pauciflora 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 48 Perennial Unknown Eucalyptus marginata Survives 100% scorch, epicormics 48 Perennial Good evidence of moderate susceptibility *Gladiolus caryophyllaceus Perennial Gompholobium tomentosum 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 31 Perennial Inferred evidence of resistance Haemodorum laxum Geophyte (survives 100% scorch) 6 Perennial Inferred evidence of resistance Hemiandra pungens 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 24 Perennial Unknown Hibbertia hypericoides Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 22 Perennial Unknown Hibbertia huegelii Perennial Hypolaena exsulca Perennial Isopogon drummondii (3) Perennial Lambertia multiflora Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 24 Perennial Unknown Lomandra hermaphrodita Perennial Lomandra sericea Perennial Lyginia barbata Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 21 Perennial Inferred evidence of resistance Mesomelaena pseudostygia Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers - Perennial Unknown Monotaxis grandiflora Perennial Patersonia occidentalis 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 36 Perennial Inferred moderate susceptibility Petrophile linearis Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 25 Perennial Unknown Petrophile macrostachya 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 60 Perennial Unknown Philotheca spicata Perennial Phlebocarya filifolia Perennial

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Taxon Fire response Months to Longevity Dieback response first flowering Scaevola repens Perennial Stirlingia latifolia 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 24 Perennial Unknown Stylidium piliferum 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 12 Perennial Unknown Synaphea spinulosa Perennial Tetraria octandra Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers 12 Perennial Unknown Thysanotus sparteus Survives 100% scorch, soil suckers 12 Perennial Unknown Trachymene pilosa 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 12 Annual Unknown *Ursinia anthemoides 100% scorch kills, in soil seed storage 12 Annual Unknown Xanthorrhoea drummondii Survives 100% scorch, large apical bud 6 Perennial Unknown Xanthosia huegelii Survives 100% scorch, basal sprouts 32 Perennial Unknown All other data sourced from NatureMap (accessed, 2014)

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Figure 2: Taken from Groves (2014); Koondoola Regional Bushland average depth to groundwater for the period 1990-2010

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Appendix 2: Extent, location and threats to occurrences.

Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 1 GOLF01 Marangaroo Crown City of Wanneroo Parklands and 21.55 Site No. 328 Karrakatta Disease, illegal rubbish dumping, 80% Very Good, 20% Reserve fenced, hard-surface paths. Conservation reserve Recreation. weed invasion, inappropriate fire Good (2014) City of Wanneroo manage for Reserve, Decourcey 20091 regime (too frequent) conservation and Friends of Way, Le Grand and Marangaroo Conservation Reserve, Caroline Gardens, assist in bush care activities. Marangaroo 2 dundas01 Reserves 37260, Crown Department of Fire and Fire Training area; Road 39.61 Site No. 319 Southern River Clearing, disease ( site assessed and 70% Excellent, 20% Very Weed mapping of Reserve 37997 36238, 37981, reserve; Emergency Services (DFES); reserve; Depot; mapped for Phytophthora species Good-Very 10% Good in 2009. Cable fencing installed 37997, Lots 30, 31, 37997, Main Roads WA (MRWA); Conservation of Fauna September 2011 (DEC 2013a), (2015) around perimeter joins fencing 43, 44, 63, road 37260 Western Power; DPaW and Flora (CFF); no recreational activities, weed invasion, along north east boundary of DFES reserve nature (Conservation and Parks purpose listed inappropriate fire regime (too managed Reserve 37260. Dundas Road, reserve, Commission [CPC]); frequent) Threatened flora Conospermum Forrestfield freehold; Western Australian undulatum and Macarthuria road Planning Commission keigheryi, and priority flora reserve [WAPC] Isopogon drummondii (P3) occur in reserve. Rehabilitation of degraded area and translocation of Macarthuria keigheryi initiated in Reserve 37997 in 2014. Establishment of internal rabbit proof fencing and rabbit baiting undertaken in 2015. Two other TECs occur within Bush Forever site. 3 KOON01 Koondoola Crown City of Wanneroo Conservation and 104.79 Site No. 201 Karrakatta Inappropriate fire regimes (too 20% Excellent, 15% Very Friends of Koondoola Regional Regional Bushland reserve recreation. frequent), weed invasion. Good, 65% Good (2012) Bushland promote care of local (Reserve 48449) Recognised as area of The site assessed and mapped for bushland, organise regular walks Alexander drive, heritage significance and Phytophthora species September 2011 and assist in bush care activities. Koondoola in the National Trust’s with none found, however Armillaria Priority flora Jacksonia sericea (P4) Register of Heritage lubteobubalina was detected near occurs within this reserve. Reserve places (Government of water tower. fully fenced. City of Wanneroo Western Australia, 2000). manages site for conservation. 4 LAND01 Landsdale Park Crown City of Wanneroo Recreation 16.23 Site No. 199 Karrakatta Weed invasion, recreational activities, 95% Excellent, 5% Very Reserve fenced and gated. (24794) Landsdale reserve inappropriate fire regime (too Good (2014) Interpretation signage erected and road, Darch frequent), disease hard-surfaced paths installed. ‘Friends of Landsdale Park’ established to assist in the bush care activities. Landsdale farm school manages site for conservation.

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Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 5 IOPP Lot M2091 and 24 Freehold; Private landowner, DPaW Private land, 30.93 - Coonambidgee Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 95% Excellent (2010) Site jointly purchased by Parks & Ioppolo Road, Nature Conservation of flora and fire regime (too frequent), ground Wildlife and Commonwealth Gingin Reserve fauna (CFF) water decline. Disease interpretation Government for conservation to conducted in Crown reserve in 2009. help conserve TEC and threatened No Phytophthora spp. or other flora Chamelaucium sp. Gingin. diseases detected. Recent analyses indicates eastern area has affinities to FCT23b (northern Banksia attenuata – B. menziesii woodlands as per Gibson et al. 1994) (EA Griffin & Associates with ME Trudgen & Associates 2015 revised) 6 ACTIV01 Reserve 49709 Nature CPC; MRWA CFF 11.02 Site No. 122 Forrestfield Inappropriate fire regime (too 70% Excellent, 20% Very Wildfire in 2011. Weed mapping Adelaide St, Roe reserve – frequent), weed invasion, recreational Good, 10% Good (2012) and control between 2013-2015. Highway road ‘Hawkevale’ activities. Site assessed for Conospermum undulatum and reserve, High road Phytophthora species in 1999 - not priority flora Isopogon drummondii Wycombe reserve detected. (P3) occur within reserve. 7 SULT1/2 Lot 233, 497, 498, Freehold WAPC. Planned transfer to Planned purpose nature 15.14 Site No. 123 Southern River Track creation, disease, weed invasion, 75% Excellent, 10% Very Fencing installed. Conospermum 499 Sultana Road, DPaW reserve grazing by native or introduced Good, 15% Good (2011) undulatum, priority flora Isopogon High Wycombe species drummondii (P3) and Haemodorum loratum (P3) occur in reserve. 8 MYHART01 Hartfield Country Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation and Parklands 4.58 Site No. 320 Southern River Weed invasion, clearing, disease, 90% Pristine, 10% Conospermum undulatum and Club, Hartfield reserve inappropriate fire regime (too Excellent (2000) priority flora Isopogon drummondii Road, Forrestfield frequent) (P3) occur in site. Shire of Kalamunda manages site for conservation. 9 MYWHITE01 Lot 30, 800, White Freehold Private landowner, WAPC No purpose listed 7.71 Site No. 51 Forrestfield Grazing by rabbits, weed invasion 95% Excellent (2006) Conospermum undulatum and Road, Orange priority flora Isopogon drummondii Grove (P3) occur within site. Landowner manages weeds and feral animals at site. 10 MYPION01 Reserve 41156, Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation; Parkland and 1.78 Site No. 440 Southern River Weed invasion, inappropriate fire 95% Good-Excellent General area has been subject to Dawson Ave, reserve temporary refuse regime (too frequent), rubbish (2000) historical major disturbances Forrestfield disposal site dumping, disease, clearing including construction and maintenance of Roe Highway and a temporary rubbish tip. Conospermum undulatum and priority flora Isopogon drummondii (P3) occur in site. 11 MYPION02 Reserve 41156, Lot Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation; Parkland and 4.56 Site No. 440 Southern River Weed invasion, inappropriate fire 95% Good- Excellent General area subject to historical 1, Dawson Ave, reserve, temporary refuse regime (too frequent), rubbish (2000) major disturbances including Forrestfield Freehold disposal site dumping, disease, clearing construction and maintenance of the Roe Highway and a temporary rubbish tip. Conospermum undulatum and priority flora Isopogon drummondii (P3) occur within site. City of Kalamunda and Gateway WA initiated rehabilitation project in 2014 including fencing, installation of bollards, rabbit and weed control, seeding/planting of degraded areas

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Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 12 MYWELSH01 Lot 2, 501, 15, Freehold; WAPC; private landowner; No purpose listed; 5.07 Site No. 50 Forrestfield Grazing by native or introduced 100% Good-Excellent Conospermum undulatum, and reserve 32901, Crown Department for Planning private land; government species, rubbish dumping (2006) priority flora Isopogon drummondii 33963, road reserve reserve and Infrastructure (DPI) requirements; road (P3) occur in site. Schofield Road, reserve Wattle Grove 13 MYPION03 Reserve 41156, Crown Shire of Kalamunda, MRWA Recreation; parkland and 4.55 Site No. 440 Southern River Hydrological change (water quality 80% Good-Excellent, General area subject to major 36238 Dawson Ave, reserve temporary refuse and/or quantity), weed invasion, 20% Completely historical disturbances including Forrestfield disposal site; road inappropriate fire regime (too degraded (2000) construction and maintenance of reserve frequent), clearing, disease the Roe Highway and temporary rubbish tip. Conospermum undulatum and priority flora Isopogon drummondii (P3) occur in site. 14 QUEENS PARK Lot 500 Welshpool Freehold WA Planning Commission Parks and Recreation 0.63 Site No. 283 Southern River Inappropriate fire regime (too 80% Excellent, 20% Friends of Queens Park Bushland PLOT01 road, Queens Park frequent), weed invasion, recreational Good-Very Good (2001) assist in bush care activities. activities, disease 15 QUEENS07 Lot 500 Welshpool Freehold WA Planning Commission Parks and Recreation 0 Site No. 283 Southern River Inappropriate fire regime (too 100% Good-Very good Due to recent examination, this site Road, Queens Park frequent), weed invasion, recreational (2001) is now considered not to be activities, disease Banksia attenuata woodlands TEC . 16 MCDOWELL Reserve 984, road Crown City of Canning; MRWA Recreation; road reserve 1.46 Site No. 424 Southern River Weed invasion, rubbish dumping, 100% Very Good- Friends of Queens Park Bushland PLOT01 reserve McDowell reserve; inappropriate fire regime (too Excellent (2005) assist in bush care activities. St, Welshpool road frequent) reserve 17 MCDOWELL02 Reserve 984, Crown City of Canning Recreation 0.09 Site No. 424 Southern River Weed invasion, recreational activities, 100% Very Good- Friends of Queens Park Bushland McDowell St, reserve inappropriate fire regime (too Excellent (2005) assist in bush care activities Welshpool frequent) 18 APBF04 Reserve 29815 Crown Department of Agriculture Use and requirements of 0.78 Site No. 401 Southern River Clearing, inappropriate fire regime 85% Pristine, 15% Conospermum undulatum, priority Bougainvillea Ave, reserve and Food (DAFWA); DAFWA and CFF (too frequent), weed invasion, disease Excellent (2001) flora Haemodorum loratum (P3), Forrestfield Executive Director of DPaW Isopogon drummondii (P3) Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis (P3) occur 19 maidav03 Reserves 14088, Crown Shire of Kalamunda; Maida Recreation; school 1.11 Site No. 316 Forrestfield Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate Excellent 80%, Good 20% Conospermum undulatum and 18689 Ridge Hill reserve Vale Primary School fire regime (too frequent), disease (2013) priority flora Haemodorum loratum road, Maida Vale (Phytophthora present in parts) and (P3) occur. recreational activity Joint project between Shire of Kalamunda and Friends of Maida Vale (2014-2016) for weed control, access management, revegetation and dieback treatment. 20 BUSHM01 Lot 911, Bushmead Freehold Australian Government Army installation 13.56 Site No. 213 Forrestfield Weed invasion, recreational activities, 80% Excellent, 20% Very Priority flora Isopogon drummondii Rifle Range, Department of Defence inappropriate fire regime (too good (2011) (P3) and Persoonia sulcata (P4) Hazelmere frequent) occur. 21 BUSHM03 Lot 911, Bushmead Freehold Australian Government Army installation 1.75 Site No. 213 Forrestfield Weed invasion, recreational activities, 80% Excellent, 20% Very Priority flora Isopogon drummondii Rifle Range, Department of Defence inappropriate fire regime (too good (2011) (P3) and Persoonia sulcata (P4) Hazelmere frequent) occur.

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Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 22 maida01 Reserve 14088 Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation 0.98 Site No. 316 Forrestfield Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 90% Excellent, 10% Very Conospermum undulatum and Ridge Hill Road, reserve fire regime (too frequent), disease good (2013) priority flora Haemodorum loratum Maida Vale (Phytophthora present in parts), and (P3) occur. recreational activity Joint project between Shire of Kalamunda and Friends of Maida Vale (2014-2016) completed weed control, access management, revegetation and dieback treatment. 23 maidav02 Reserve 18689 Unvested Maida Vale Primary School School/college 0.42 Site No. 316 Forrestfield Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 90% Very Good- Conospermum undulatum and Kalamunda Road, Crown fire regime (too frequent), disease Excellent, 10% Good priority flora Haemodorum loratum Maida Vale reserve (Phytophthora spp. present in parts) (2011) (P3) occur. and recreational activity 24 TELSTRA Lot 1, Gnangara Freehold Telstra Corporation Radio transmitter 1.8 Site No. 196 Bassendean Central Disease, grazing by native or 100% Excellent (2002) Management plan for the site (BSD PLOT1 Road, and South introduced species, weed invasion 2002) recommended the TEC be Cullacabardee managed for conservation. 25 Telstra05 Lot 1, Gnangara Freehold Telstra Corporation Radio transmitter 0.71 Site No. 196 Bassendean Central Disease, grazing by native or 10% Excellent, 90% Good Management plan for the site (BSD Road, and South introduced species, weed invasion (2002) 2002) recommended the TEC be Cullacabardee managed for conservation. 26 Telstra06 Lot 1, Gnangara Freehold Telstra Corporation Radio transmitter 0.22 Site No. 196 Bassendean Central Disease, grazing by native or 100% Good (2002) Management plan for the site (BSD Road, and South introduced species, weed invasion 2002) recommended the TEC be Cullacabardee managed for conservation. 27 TELSTRA Lot 1, Gnangara Freehold Telstra Corporation Radio transmitter 0.69 Site No. 196 Bassendean Central Disease, grazing by native or 100% Good (2002) Management plan for the site (BSD PLOT2 Road , and South introduced species, weed invasion 2002) recommended the TEC be Cullacabardee managed for conservation. 28 Telstra08 Lot 1, Gnangara Freehold Telstra Corporation Radio transmitter 0.24 Site No. 196 Bassendean Central Disease, grazing by native or 100% Pristine (2002) Management plan for the site (BSD Road, and South introduced species, weed invasion 2002) recommended the TEC be Cullacabardee managed for conservation. 29 BRAE RD Reserve 50763 Brae Crown Shire of Kalamunda Conservation of flora and 1.05 Site No. 45 Forrestfield Grazing by introduced or native 90% Very good, Conospermum undulatum and PLOT1 Road, High reserve fauna species, rubbish dumping, 10%Degraded (2006) priority flora Isopogon drummondii Wycombe fragmentation (edge effect) (P3) occur within the reserve. 30 ALEXANDER Hepburn Park Crown City of Wanneroo Recreation 7.76 - Bassendean Central Weed invasion, illegal rubbish 75% Excellent, 25% Very City of Wanneroo manages the PLOT1 (Reserve 34683) reserve and South dumping, fire regime (too frequent) Good (2014) sites for conservation. Reserve is Alexander Drive, fenced. Landsdale 31 MONTROSE Montrose Park Crown City of Wanneroo Recreation 5.69 - Karrakatta Recreational activities, rubbish 10% Pristine, 90% Very The City of Wanneroo manages PLOT1 (Reserve 33343) reserve dumping, inappropriate fire regime Good-Excellent (2006) site for conservation. Reserve is Montrose Ave, (too frequent) fenced, with access gates and Girrawheen limestone tracks. 32 PALOMA Reserve 41225 Crown City of Wanneroo Recreation 4.96 - Karrakatta Recreational activities, rubbish 100% Excellent (2006) The City of Wanneroo manages PLOT1 Jefferson Drive, reserve dumping, inappropriate fire regime site for conservation. Reserve is Marangaroo (too frequent) fenced, with access gates and limestone tracks. 33 MIDDLETON Middleton Park Crown City of Wanneroo Conservation: Recreation: 2.02 - Karrakatta Clearing, rubbish dumping, 90% Very good, 10% The City of Wanneroo manages the PLOT1 (Reserve 47420) reserve Reserve recreational activities Completely degraded site for conservation. Reserve is Middleton Road, (2006) fenced, with access gates and Alexander Heights limestone tracks. 34 MALAGA Reserve 46410, Lot Crown City of Swan; Western Protection of flora; 7.62 Site No. 385 Karrakatta Clearing, weed invasion, rubbish 90% Pristine, 5% Majority of the mapped PLOT1 810, 15141 reserve; Power; Department of Vacant dumping Excellent, 5% Completely community is managed by the City Alexander Drive, UCL; Housing degraded (2004) of Swan for the protection of flora. Malaga Freehold

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 35 ERRINA06 Reserve 43415 Crown City of Wanneroo Recreation 1.25 Site No. 493 Karrakatta Clearing, track creation, weed invasion, 95% Excellent, 5% Occurrence was historically Highview St, reserve inappropriate fire regime (too Completely degraded contiguous with occurrences 36 Alexander Heights frequent), rubbish dumping (2010) and 46. Contains Priority flora Jacksonia sericea (P4). 36 ERRINA STH Lot 615 Daventry Freehold Minister for Education School 2.84 - Karrakatta Clearing, weed invasion, rubbish 80% Excellent,15% Good, Occurrence was historically PLOT1 Drive, Alexander dumping, disease, inappropriate fire 5% Completely degraded contiguous with occurrences 35 Heights regime (too frequent) (2005) and 46. Contains Priority flora Jacksonia sericea (P4). 37 WEBSTER01 Lot 21 Webster Freehold Private landholder No purpose listed 2 - Southern River Clearing, weed invasion, rubbish 90% Very Good- Conospermum undulatum and Road, Forrestfield dumping. Part of occurrence infested Excellent, 10% Degraded priority flora Isopogon drummondii with Phytophthora cinnamomi. (2009) (P3) occur. Occurrence planned to be cleared for development. 38 perth07 Lot 1 on LTO Plan Freehold Westralia Airports Government purposes 0 Site No. 386 Southern River Clearing 100% Pristine (1994) Proposed for clearing under airport 7481 Kalamunda Corporation (have lease of management plan. Road, South airport land) Guildford 39 STIRLCRES03 Road reserve, Road Main Roads WA Road reserve 7.29 Site No. 481 Southern River / Clearing, inappropriate fire regime 10% Excellent, 90% Very Site assessment by DEC (2013b). junction of Great reserve Forrestfield (too frequent), weed invasion, good (2001) Recommendation to limit access to Eastern Highway fragmentation (edge effects). Dieback site to prevent spread of Bypass and Roe assessment by DEC (2013b) found Phytophthora species. Proposed for Hwy, Hazelmere Phytophthora species in part of clearing for Roe Hwy upgrade. occurrence. 40 STIRLCRES Lot 2, 54, 148 and Road Main Roads WA; private Road reserve and private 9.92 Site No. 481 Forrestfield Fragmentation (edge effect), clearing, 50% Excellent, 50% Good Site assessment by DEC (2013b). PLOT01 road reserve Talbot reserve; landholder land weed invasion, inappropriate fire (2001) Recommendation to limit access to Road, Hazelmere Freehold regime (too frequent), grazing by site to prevent spread of native or introduced species Phytophthora species. Proposed for clearing for Roe Hwy upgrade. 41 STIRLCRES06 Talbot Road, Private Private landholder Private land 0.73 Site No. 481 Forrestfield Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 60% Very good, 40% Site assessment by DEC (2013b). Hazelmere Freehold fire regime (too frequent) Good (2001) Recommendation to limit access to site to prevent spread of Phytophthora species. 42 STIRLCRES01 Road reserve, Road Main Roads WA Road reserve 2.15 - Southern River Fragmentation (edge effect), clearing, 85% Pristine, 15% Very Site assessment by DEC (2013b). junction of Great reserve weed invasion, inappropriate fire good (2001) Recommendation to limit access to Eastern Highway regime (too frequent), rubbish site to prevent spread of Bypass and Roe dumping Phytophthora species. Proposed for Hwy, Hazelmere clearing for Roe Hwy upgrade. 43 APPLEBY01 Appleby Park. Crown City of Wanneroo Conservation 1.14 - Karrakatta Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 100% Very good (2005) Contains priority 4 flora Hypolaena Reserve 50941 reserve fire regime (too frequent), rubbish robusta. Appleby Dr, Darch dumping 44 Neerabup Lot 9000, Flynn Dr, Freehold City of Wanneroo No purpose listed 27.42 Site No. 295 Karrakatta Rubbish dumping, recreational 90% Excellent, 10% Very Only part of the Bush Forever site East Neerabup activities, disease good (2013) contains the community. 45 APBF07 Reserve 29815 Crown DAFWA/ Executive Director Conservation; 1.36 Site No. 401 Southern River Clearing, inappropriate fire regime 80% Very good, 20% Conospermum undulatum and Bougainvillea Ave, reserve of DPaW Government (too frequent), weed invasion, disease Good (2007) priority flora Haemodorum loratum Forrestfield requirements (P3), Isopogon drummondii (P3) Banksia pteridifolia subsp. vernalis (P3) occur. 46 ERRINA01 Lot 2 801, 691, 800, Freehold; WAPC; Department of No purpose listed; 10.35 Site No. 493 Karrakatta Inappropriate fire regime (too 70% Very Good, 30% Occurrence was historically Reserve 43415 Crown Housing; (City of Recreation frequent), weed invasion, rubbish (2014) contiguous with occurrences 35 Errina Road, reserve Wanneroo) dumping, clearing, grazing by native and 36 Alexander Heights or introduced species

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 47 APBF01 Reserve 29815, Crown DAFWA/Executive Director Conservation; 3.18 Site No. 401 Southern River Clearing, inappropriate fire regime 95% Excellent, 5% Good Dawson Park Primary School has 29061, 35618 reserve of DPaW; Minister for Government (too frequent), weed invasion, disease, (2012) obtained funds to manage their Bougainvillea Ave, Education; Shire of requirements; Primary inappropriate access (school grounds) bushland area including fencing Forrestfield Kalamunda school; Reserve and weed control. Also used as an educational resource. 48 MARIJINUP01 Mornington Dr Freehold Private landholder Private land 7.76 - Karrakatta Weed invasion, rubbish dumping, 50% Excellent, 50% Very Site was proposed to be cleared at Mariginiup track creation good (2010) time of identification. 49 VICTORIA 22 Victoria Road Freehold Private landholders Private land 0.7 - Guildford Weed invasion 100%Very Good Identified by Tauss and Weston Kenwick (2010) 50 VICTORIA 24 Victoria Road Freehold Private landholder Private land 0 - Guildford Weed invasion (Ehrharta calycina, Good-Degraded (2015) Tauss and Weston (2010) Kenwick Avena sp and Briza sp.) identified. Following site survey by PGV Environmental (2016) occurrence considered degraded and therefore not extant. 51 ReidHwy01 Lot 500 Boyare Ave, Freehold; WAPC No purpose listed 46.26 Site No. 385 Karrakatta Clearing, recreational activities, 80% Excellent, 15% Very Parks and Wildlife completed weed Lot 196 Thyme Ct, Road rubbish dumping, weed invasion, Good, 5% Completely mapping and management. WAPC Lots 194, 195, 245, reserve disease, inappropriate fire regime (too Degraded (2010) provided funds for fencing, 246, 247, 248, 249, frequent). revegetation, feral animal control. 250, 251, 252, 253 Friends of Mirrabooka Bushland Victoria Road, Lots community engaged in bush care 197, 198, 199, 200, activities including revegetation of 243, 244, 8904 the internal degraded area. Northwood Dr, Lots 2, 3, 4, 5 Reid Hwy and road reserve, Mirrabooka 52 5C03 Lot M2091, 570 Freehold Main Roads WA Recently purchased for 68.5 - Coonambidgee Weed invasion, inappropriate fire Excellent-Pristine (2015) Recent analyses has affinities to Ioppolo Road the purposes of regime (too frequent), groundwater FCT23b (northern Banksia Chittering conservation decline. attenuata – B. menziesii woodlands as per Gibson et al. 1994) (EA Griffin & Associates with ME Trudgen & Associates 2015 revised) 53 RoeHwy03 Lot 61, Roe Hwy Freehold Commissioner of Main Road reserve 0 - Southern River Clearing 50% Very good, 50% Now cleared. Forrestfield Roads Good (2012) 54 CLIFFORD 01 Lots 2, 109. 110, Freehold, Commissioner of Main Residential; 5.43 Site No. 53 Guildford and Weed invasion, clearing, inappropriate 90% Excellent, 10% Good The site contains threatened flora 9008 and reserve Crown Roads Drainage Forrestfield fire regime (too frequent) (2013) species Conospermum undulatum. 44573, Clifford St reserve Northwest corner not yet fenced. Maddington Planned for Roe Hwy upgrade. 55 ReidHwy01_S Lots 197, 206, 207, Freehold WAPC; Private landholder No purpose listed 25.15 Site No. 385 Karrakatta Recreational activities, rubbish 90% Excellent, 10% Good Parks and Wildlife completed weed CDplot 239, 240, 241 and dumping, weed invasion, disease, (2014) mapping and management. 242 Australis Ave; inappropriate fire regime (too Friends of Mirrabooka Bushland Lots 8904 and 4773 frequent) community group assist in bush Northwood Dr; Lots care activities. 0, 3, 34, 35, 41, 48 WAPC provided funds to fully and 4775 Reid Hwy; fence Bush Forever site and feral Lot 500 Alexander animal control. Dr Mirrabooka

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 56 maida02 Lots 201, 203 and Freehold, Private landholders, Shire of Recreation, amenities. 9.2 Site No. 316 Forrestfield Clearing, weed invasion, inappropriate 90% Excellent, 10% Good Conospermum undulatum and Reserve 49122, Crown Kalamunda Primary school fire regime (too frequent), dieback (2013) priority flora species Haemodorum Watsonia Road, reserve present, recreational activity (archery) loratum (P3) occur. Reserves 33262 and Weed control, access management, 38489, Casuarina revegetation, dieback mapping and Road, Reserve treatment being completed- joint 14088, Ridge Hill project between Shire of Road Maida Vale Kalamunda and Friends of Maida Vale (2014-2016). 57 ReidHwy03 Lots 210, 211, 212, Freehold WAPC No purpose listed 6.32 Site No. 385 Karrakatta Recreational activities, rubbish 90% Excellent, 10% Good Parks and Wildlife has undertaken 213, 214 and 985 dumping, weed invasion, disease, (2014) weed mapping and management. Australis Ave inappropriate fire regime (too Friends of Mirrabooka Bushland Mirrabooka frequent) community group assist in bush care activities. WAPC provided funds to fully fence Bush Forever site and feral animal control. 58 JosephBanksBl Lot 8034, 9122 Freehold Water Corporation Storage tank; vacant 6.22 - Karrakatta Dieback present Good-Excellent Remnant bushland is surrounded vd Wallum Road by urban development and part of Banksia Grove bushland area likely to be cleared in future. 59 Hardcastle Lot 3000, 39 Freehold City of Wanneroo reserve 0.8 - Karrakatta Clearing, rubbish dumpling, weeds Good-Excellent Identity of TEC should be verified. Hardcastle Av, Contains Priority flora Jacksonia Landsdale sericea (P4). 60- Ibis Place Ibis Place, High Freehold Vacant No purpose 3 ha - Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good-Excellent The majority of bushland cleared in 63 Wycombe 2007, however it regenerated well. Recent analyses confirms site aligns with the TEC. Occurrences have now been amalgamated as one. 64 Dianella01 Between Crown City of Stirling Conservation, recreation, 9 ha Site No. 43 Karrakatta Clearing and weed invasion Very Good-Excellent Recently identified based on survey Cottonwood Cres, Reserve residential and plot based analyses. Gay St and Dianella 49875and Drive Dianella freehold 65 Dianella02 Between Hayes Ave, Freehold Private landholder Public recreation, Vacant 6.5 ha - Karrakatta Clearing and weed invasion Good-Excellent Recently identified based on survey Withnell St, Dianella residential and plot based analyses. Drive, Dianella 66 Poison 195 Dundas Road, Crown Shire of Kalamunda Public recreation 0.58 Site No. 45 Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey Gully01 High Wycombe Reserve ha and plot based analyses. 40228 67 Lawrence01 Crown Reserve Crown City of Swan Public recreation 2.6 ha - Southern River Clearing, rubbish dumpling, weeds Excellent Recently identified based on survey 43460, St Lawrence Reserve and plot based analyses. Drive Beechboro 43460 68 Baal01; 126 Park Street Freehold City of Swan No purpose 0 Site No. 198 Bassendean Clearing Excellent Recently identified based on Baal02 Cullacabardee Central and South survey and plot based analyses. Proposed to be cleared 69 Reid100 Lot 100 Reid Road City of Stirling Road reserve 0 - Bassendean Clearing Very Good Recently identified based on Highway reserve Central and South survey and plot based analyses. Now cleared. 70 Dundas05 206 Dundas Road Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation 0.34 - Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey High Wycombe Reserve ha and plot based analyses. 46525

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Interim Recovery Plan for Community 20a

Occ Site ID Location Land Land manager Purpose Est. Bush Forever site Soil type Major threats Condition Comments Tenure area (site number) From Churchward (ha) and McArthur (1978) and Heddle et al. (1980) 71 Dundas06 206 Dundas Road Crown Shire of Kalamunda Recreation 0.03 - Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey High Wycombe Reserve ha and plot based analyses. 46525 72 Dundas07 Lot 15531 Dundas Crown Public Transport Authority Railway; Yard 0.9 ha - Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey Road Forrestfield Reserve and plot based analyses. Planned 46526 for clearing 73 Dundas08 Lot 15531 Dundas Crown Public Transport Authority Railway; Yard 0.16 - Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey Road Forrestfield Reserve Shire of Kalamunda Recreation ha and plot based analyses. Planned 46526; for clearing 46522 74 Poison 195 Dundas Road, Crown Shire of Kalamunda Public recreation 0.08 Site No. 45 Southern River Clearing and weed invasion Very Good Recently identified based on survey Gully02 High Wycombe Reserve ha and plot based analyses. Planned 40228 for clearing 75 Hawtin01 Hawtin Road freehold Shire of Kalamunda House 1.4 ha - Forrestfield, Ridge Clearing and weed invasion Good-Excellent Recently identified based on Forrestfield Hill Shelf survey. Requires boundary survey. Conospermum undulatum occurs at the site. Data on all known occurrences of TECs are held in the Threatened Ecological Communities Database at DPaW’s Species and Communities Branch, Kensington Bold: Occurrences no longer considered extant

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