DOCSLIB.ORG

Recruitment of Banksia Spp. in an Anthropogenically Disturbed Mediterranean Climate Type Woodland in Western Australia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Recruitment of Banksia Spp. in an Anthropogenically Disturbed Mediterranean Climate Type Woodland in Western Australia Recruitment of Banksia spp. in an anthropogenically disturbed mediterranean climate type woodland in Western Australia This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of Murdoch University 2011 Submitted by Roberto Crosti Bachelor with Honours of Natural Science (University “La Sapienza” Rome Italy) 1 Table of Content DECLARATION 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES 6 ABSTRACT 14 GENERAL SUMMARY OF THE DIFFERENT CHAPTERS OF THE THESIS 17 1 CHAPTER 1: BANKSIA WOODLANDS ON THE SWAN COASTAL PLAIN 24 1.1 INTRODUCTION 25 1.1.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF BANKSIA WOODLANDS 26 1.1.2 FLORA OF BANKSIA WOODLANDS 27 1.1.3 THE SOIL SYSTEM 28 1.2 VEGETATION CHANGES IN BANKSIA WOODLANDS 30 1.2.1 IMPACTS WITHIN BANKSIA WOODLAND 31 1.2.2 INTER -RELATED PERTURBATIONS 37 1.3 THE LOCATIONS OF THE STUDY 37 1.3.1 KINGS PARK BUSHLAND (KP) 37 1.3.2 THE OTHER LOCATIONS AT WHICH INVESTIGATIONS WERE UNDERTAKEN 41 1.4 THE INVESTIGATED SPECIES 44 2 CHAPTER 2 THE VEGETATION CHANGES STUDY 46 2.1 INTRODUCTION 47 2.2 AIM 51 2.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 51 2.3.1 THE 1939 MAPPING 52 2.3.2 THE 1999 RE -SURVEYING 52 2.4 RESULTS 56 2.5 DISCUSSION 62 3 CHAPTER 3: SEED PRODUCTION AND DISPERSAL 70 3.1 INTRODUCTION 71 3.2 AIM 73 3.3 MATERIALS AND METHODS 73 3.3.1 TAGGED INFLORESCENCES 74 3.3.2 SEED TRAPS 75 3.3.3 QUADRATS USED TO ESTIMATE POST -FIRE SEED FALL 77 3.4 RESULTS 79 3.4.1 TAGGED INFLORESCENCES 79 3.4.2 SEED TRAPS 89 3.4.3 QUADRATS USED TO ESTIMATE POST -FIRE SEED FALL 96 2 3.5 DISCUSSION 98 4 CHAPTER 4: SEED PREDATION 102 4.1 INTRODUCTION 103 4.2 AIM 107 4.3 PRE -DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION 107 4.3.1 THE STUDY ON PRE -DISPERSAL SEED -PREDATION 109 4.3.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 109 4.3.3 RESULTS 112 4.4 POST -DISPERSAL SEED PREDATION 118 4.4.1 THE STUDY OF POST -DISPERSAL PREDATION 120 4.4.2 MATERIAL AND METHODS 121 4.4.3 RESULTS 128 4.5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 150 4.5.1 PRE -DISPERSAL PREDATION 150 4.5.2 POST -DISPERSAL PREDATION 153 5 CHAPTER 5: SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING SURVIVAL 160 5.1 INTRODUCTION 161 5.2 AIM 163 5.3 GENERAL MATERIALS AND METHODS 163 5.3.1 SURVEYS AND EXPERIMENTS 163 5.3.2 SEEDS 164 5.3.3 GREENHOUSE 165 5.3.4 TYPES OF SUBSTRATA 166 5.3.5 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 168 5.4 AIM , METHODS , RESULTS , DISCUSSION OF SINGLE SURVEYS AND EXPERIMENTS 169 5.4.1 A: TRANSECTS TO QUANTIFY NATURAL GERMINATION OF BANKSIA IN THE BUSHLAND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT (INCLUDING SANDY TRACKS ) 169 5.4.2 B: SEED MANIPULATION ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBSTRATA (IN KINGS PARK BUSHLAND WITH THE DOMINANT SPECIES ) 181 5.4.3 C & D: SEEDS TESTED FOR GERMINATION IN NATURAL HABITAT CONDITIONS WITH BANKSIA SPP . (SEEDS PLACED IN AUTUMN AND IN EARLY SUMMER IN THE SOIL SEED BANK ) 188 5.4.4 E: BANKSIA SEEDS SOWN IN THE BUSHLAND IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT IN A 1X1 METRE QUADRAT SCHEME 208 5.4.5 F: EXPERIMENT IN THE GLASSHOUSE , INVESTIGATING GERMINATION OF BANKSIA SPP , ON DIFFERENT TYPES OF SUBSTRATA 215 5.4.6 G: EXPERIMENT IN THE TUNNEL HOUSE WITH ALL SPECIES ON DIFFERENT SUBSTRATA AS IN THE B FIELD EXPERIMENT 221 5.5 GENERAL DISCUSSION 227 6 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 232 6.1 IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT 241 REFERENCES 244 APPENDICES 267 3 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text. 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis took a lot of time to be completed and was possible thanks to the support of many people. I am really grateful to my main supervisor Phil Ladd for his combined expertise, experience, patience and his “trans-hemisphere” frequent flights. Phil taught me a great deal about research and helped throughout the project, in the field, in laboratory and with thesis production. I was mainly based at the Science Directorate at the Botanic Garden and Parks Authority (BGPA) and I’m really grateful to Kingsley Dixon who supervised me in the research in the Kings Park bushland and in the experiment undertaken in the greenhouse facilities. Thanks are also due to the staff and students of the Murdoch University and of the Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority for assistance and use of facilities. In particular I really would like to thank: Bob Dixon, Deanna Rokich, Siegy Krauss, Keran Keys, Anlie Tieu, Colin Yates, Matt Barrett, David Merritt, Russell Barrett, Katinka Ruthrof, Judy Fisher, Grant Wells, Ray Wills, Patrick Courtney, Michelle Carey, Andrew Batty and Tissa Senaratna Also Erika Wikus and Sandro Pignatti that always encouraged my research I need also to thank my mum and my sister for continuously asking...” when are we all going to Australia for the thesis ceremony? ” Finally to my beloved wife Antonella who helped in the field, supported me writing the thesis and always encouraged me to finish it. With Isabel and Nicola we are a beautiful family and now we will have more time to spend together. 5 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Chapter 1 Fig. 1.1 Distribution and extent of Banksia woodlands on the Swan Coastal Plain, in the southwest of Western Australia (modified from Beard 1989). Fig. 1.2 Soil systems of the Perth region (McArthur and Bettenay 1974). Fig. 1.3 The Australian continent and the Swan Coastal Plain. In the rectangular the Perth region where the investigated sites are located. KP= Kings Park; BP= Bold Park; Mu= Murdoch bushland; Rid= Ridges State Forest; Jand= Jandakot Regional Park. Chapter 2 Fig. 2.1 Perth, Western Australia and location of the study plots in Kings Park. Fig. 2.2 Thermopluviogram data taken from the nearest weather station to the study area, averages of temperature and precipitation from the 20 year periods before 1939 and 1999. The temperature bar chart and precipitation lines show this is a typical mediterranean climatic regime. Fig. 2.3 Comparison between plant density of the selected study species (hectare -1), in 1939 and 1999; mean ± 1SE based on 126 transects. Fig. 2.4 Comparison between plant relative frequency of the selected study species, in 1939 and 1999. Fig. 2.5 Structure of the Kings Park bushland: above 1939 and below 1999. Fig. 2.6 Non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination of 1939 and 1999 plots. NMDS in two dimensions with Bray-Curtis distance, function Stress = 0.07 Table 2.1 General attributes of the plots where transects were located in 1939 and resurveyed in 1999 in Kings Park. S=surveyed plots, N=number of transects, F=number of extensive wildfire in the 60 years period Table 2.2. Climate in the study area, for the 20 year periods prior to 1939 and 1999; Mx=mean maximum air temperature, Mn= mean minimum air temperature, Dm=absolute mean, P=Precipitation, S=Bright sunshine. Table 2.3. Mean values of trees (hectare -1) for transects within each plot and statistical significance, using t-test and sign test, based on paired comparison, between 1939 and 1999, of 126 transects; **=P<0.01, *** =P<0.001. Table 2.4. Mean values of shrubs (hectare -1) for transects within each plot and statistical significance, using t-test and sign test, based on paired comparison, between 1939 and 1999, of 126 transects; **=P<0.01, *** =P<0.001; ns =not significant. Chapter 3 6 Fig. 3.1 B. attenuata and B. menziesii closed follicles. Mean percentage of the different sites in the four locations. Fig. 3.2 B. attenuata closed follicles . Mean percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.3 B. menziesii close follicles . Percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.4 B. attenuate mean of open, closed, predated/damaged follicles for “cone”. Fig. 3.5 B. attenuata mean percentage of developed and undeveloped “cones”, on the tree or fallen from the tree. Fig. 3.6 B. menziesii mean number of open, close, predated/damaged follicles for “cone”. Fig. 3.7 B. menziesii mean percentage of developed and undeveloped “cones”, on the tree or fallen from the tree. Fig. 3.8 B. attenuata developed fallen infructescences. Percentage of the different sites in the four locations. Fig. 3.9 B. attenuata developed fallen infructescences. Average percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.10 B. menziesii developed fallen infructescences. Percentage of the different sites in the four locations. Fig. 3.11 B. menziesii developed fallen infructescences. Average percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.12 B. attenuata undeveloped fallen infructescences. Percentage of the different sites in the four locations. Fig. 3.13 B. attenuata undeveloped fallen infructescences. Average percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.14 B. menziesii undeveloped fallen infructescences. Percentage of the different sites in the four locations. Fig. 3.15 B. menziesii undeveloped fallen infructescences. Average percentage of the different sites for each of the four locations. Fig. 3.16 B. attenuata and B. menziesii mean number of seeds m -2 y -1.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Banksia Vincentia (Proteaceae), a New Species Known from Fourteen Plants from South-Eastern New South Wales, Australia
    Phytotaxa 163 (5): 269–286 ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.163.5.3 Could this be Australia’s rarest Banksia? Banksia vincentia (Proteaceae), a new species known from fourteen plants from south-eastern New South Wales, Australia MARGARET L. STIMPSON1, JEREMY J. BRUHL1 & PETER H. WESTON2 1 Botany, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale NSW 2351 Australia Corresponding Author Email: [email protected] 2 National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia Abstract Possession of hooked, distinctively discolorous styles, a broadly flabellate common bract subtending each flower pair, and a lignotuber place a putative new species, Banksia sp. Jervis Bay, in the B. spinulosa complex. Phenetic analysis of individuals from all named taxa in the B. spinulosa complex, including B. sp. Jervis Bay, based on leaf, floral, seed and bract characters support recognition of this species, which is described here as Banksia vincentia M.L.Stimpson & P.H.Weston. Known only from fourteen individuals, B. vincentia is distinguished by its semi-prostrate habit, with basally prostrate, distally ascending branches from the lignotuber, and distinctive perianth colouring. Its geographical location and ecological niche also separate it from its most similar congeners. Introduction The Banksia spinulosa complex has a complicated taxonomic history (Table 1). Smith (1793) first described and named B. spinulosa Sm., and subsequent botanists named two close relatives, B. collina R.Br. and B.
    [Show full text]
  • Preliminary Report on Conospermum (Proteaceae)
    preliminary Report on COnO~pexnI~m(Proteaceae) Ref. Program Resources PO 590383 (Aug 25-Sep 25, 1992) ~ichardW. Spjut, Director & Plant Explorer World Botanical Associates Ground and aerial reconnaissance has been conducted of the coastal areas of Western ~ustraliafrom Perth north to Kalbarri to assess the available biomass of Conospermum stoechadis, C. incurvum, and closely related species; additionally, samples of these species have been obtained for quantitative analysis of conocurvone--an active chemical within the plant species that may have potential for treating AIDS. An estimated 1.1 million kg of root of C. stoechadis is available in the Kalbarri region and more than 2 million kg of root of C. incurvum occurs within 50 square km just north of Eneabba. several other promising areas have been noted from aerial reconnaissance, but the plants have yet to checked by ground survey. The southeastern part of Western Australia has not yet been surveyed where other closely-related species occur, particularly C. distichum, C. floribundum, C. filifolium. ~hirty-three samples of Conospermum spp. have been obtained of C. incurvum, C. stoechadis, and also from variants of C. triplinervium. Planning in Perth The first week was spent obtaining photocopies of locality data on herbarium records from PERTH (herbarium name indicated in Index Herbariorum) and entering these data into a database. species filed alphabetically in the herbarium from A-G were photographed before Neville Marchant, Acting Senior Botanist in charge for Jim Armstrong who has taken on another position under the Executive ~irector(Syd shea), complained about taking proprietary information. Photographing was actually done with permission from other staff at the herbarium; however,.this complaint and recognition of my visit led to further meetings with my partner, Ross smith, Jim Armstrong and our (WBA) attorney to work out a satisfactory agreement between CALM and WBA.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants Used by Carnaby's Black Cockatoo
    Plants Used by Carnaby's Black Cockatoo List prepared by Christine Groom, Department of Environment and Conservation 15 April 2011 For more information on plant selection or references used to produce this list please visit the Plants for Carnaby's Search Tool webpage at www.dec.wa.gov.au/plantsforcarnabys Used for Soil type Soil drainage Priority for planting Sun Species Growth form Flower colour Origin for exposure Carnaby's Feeding Nesting Roosting Clayey Gravelly Loamy Sandy drained Well drained Poorly Waterlogged affected Salt Acacia baileyana (Cootamundra wattle)* Low Tree Yellow Australian native Acacia pentadenia (Karri Wattle) Low Tree Cream WA native Acacia saligna (Orange Wattle) Low Tree Yellow WA native Agonis flexuosa (Peppermint Tree) Low Tree White WA native Araucaria heterophylla (Norfolk Island Pine) Low Tree Green Exotic to Australia Banksia ashbyi (Ashby's Banksia) Medium Tree or Tall shrub Yellow, Orange WA native Banksia attenuata (Slender Banksia) High Tree Yellow WA native Banksia baxteri (Baxter's Banksia) Medium Tall shrub Yellow WA native Banksia carlinoides (Pink Dryandra) Medium Medium or small shrub White, cream, pink WA native Banksia coccinea (Scarlet Banksia) Medium Tree Red WA native Banksia dallanneyi (Couch Honeypot Dryandra) Low Medium or small shrub Orange, brown WA native Banksia ericifolia (Heath-leaved Banksia) Medium Tall shrub Orange Australian native Banksia fraseri (Dryandra) Medium Medium or small shrub Orange WA native Banksia gardneri (Prostrate Banksia) Low Medium
    [Show full text]
  • PROTEACEAE – It's All About Pollination
    PROTEACEAE – it’s all about pollination …….Gail Slykhuis Illustration Philippa Hesterman, images Ellinor Campbell & Marg McDonald A predominantly southern hemisphere plant family, Proteaceae is well represented in Australia, particularly in the West, but we do have our own equally special local representatives, some of which are outlined below. A characteristic feature of many genera within this plant family is the ‘pollen presenter’, which is a fascinating mechanism by which the pollen, which would otherwise be difficult to access for potential pollination vectors such as bees, birds and nectarivorous mammals, is positioned on the extended style of the flower, facilitating cross- pollination. The stigma, which is part of the style, is not mature at this time, thus avoiding self-pollination. A hand lens would enable you to clearly see pollen presenters on the following local representatives: Banksia marginata, Grevillea infecunda, Hakea spp., Isopogon ceratophyllus and Lomatia illicifolia. It is interesting to note that both Victorian Smoke-bush Conospermum mitchellii and Prickly Geebung Persoonia juniperina, also found in our district, do not have pollen presenters. Silver Banksia Banksia marginata This shrub or small tree is readily recognisable when flowering (Feb – July) by the conspicuous yellow pollen presenters, which are an obvious floral part of the banksia flower. These flowers then slowly mature into our iconic woody banksia cones. It is interesting to observe the changes in the nature of the pollen presenters as the flower develops. The white undersides of the leathery leaves provide a clue to the choice of common name with their tip being characteristically blunt or truncate. Anglesea Grevillea Grevillea infecunda One of our endemic plants, the Anglesea Grevillea was first named in 1986 and is Anglesea Grevillea found in several locations north west of Anglesea.
    [Show full text]
  • Cunninghamia Date of Publication: February 2020 a Journal of Plant Ecology for Eastern Australia
    Cunninghamia Date of Publication: February 2020 A journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia ISSN 0727- 9620 (print) • ISSN 2200 - 405X (Online) The Australian paintings of Marianne North, 1880–1881: landscapes ‘doomed shortly to disappear’ John Leslie Dowe Australian Tropical Herbarium, James Cook University, Smithfield, Qld 4878 AUSTRALIA. [email protected] Abstract: The 80 paintings of Australian flora, fauna and landscapes by English artist Marianne North (1830-1890), completed during her travels in 1880–1881, provide a record of the Australian environment rarely presented by artists at that time. In the words of her mentor Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker, director of Kew Gardens, North’s objective was to capture landscapes that were ‘doomed shortly to disappear before the axe and the forest fires, the plough and the flock, or the ever advancing settler or colonist’. In addition to her paintings, North wrote books recollecting her travels, in which she presented her observations and explained the relevance of her paintings, within the principles of a ‘Darwinian vision,’ and inevitable and rapid environmental change. By examining her paintings and writings together, North’s works provide a documented narrative of the state of the Australian environment in the late nineteenth- century, filtered through the themes of personal botanical discovery, colonial expansion and British imperialism. Cunninghamia (2020) 20: 001–033 doi: 10.7751/cunninghamia.2020.20.001 Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia © 2020 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/science/Scientific_publications/cunninghamia 2 Cunninghamia 20: 2020 John Dowe, Australian paintings of Marianne North, 1880–1881 Introduction The Marianne North Gallery in the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew houses 832 oil paintings which Marianne North (b.
    [Show full text]
  • 5.3.1 Flora and Vegetation
    Flora and fauna assessment for the Calingiri study area Prepared for Muchea to Wubin Integrated Project Team (Main Roads WA, Jacobs and Arup) 5.3 FIELD SURVEY 5.3.1 Flora and vegetation A total of 296 plant taxa (including subspecies and varieties) representing 154 genera and 55 families were recorded in the study area. This total is comprised of 244 (82.4%) native species and 52 (17.6%) introduced (weed) species, and included 60 annual, 223 perennial species, one species that is known to be either annual or perennial and 12 unknown life cycles (Appendix 8). The current survey recorded a similar number of species to previous flora surveys conducted along GNH and higher average diversity (average number of taxa per km) (Table 5-7). Table 5-7 Comparison of floristic data from the current survey with previous flora surveys of GNH between Muchea and Wubin Survey Road Vegetation Taxa Av. taxa Families Genera Weeds length types (no.) per km (no.) (no.) (no.) (km) (no.) Current survey 19 25 296 16 55 154 52 Worley Parsons (2013) 21 12 197 9 48 114 29 ENV (ENV 2007) 25 18 357 14 59 171 44 Western Botanical (2006) 68 34 316 5 52 138 26 Ninox Wildlife Consulting (1989) 217 19 300 1 59 108 40 The most prominent families recorded in the study area were Poaceae, Fabaceae, Proteaceae, Myrtaceae, Asteraceae and Iridaceae (Table 5-8). The dominant families recorded were also prominent in at least some of the previous flora surveys. Table 5-8 Comparison of total number of species per family from the current survey with previous flora surveys Family Current survey Worley Parsons ENV (2007) Western Botanical Ninox Wildlife (2013) (2006) Consulting (1989) Poaceae 40 N/A1 42 4 15 Fabaceae 36 31 50 64 60 Proteaceae 30 N/A1 38 48 43 Myrtaceae 23 30 29 64 40 Asteraceae 19 N/A1 22 5 7 Iridaceae 14 N/A1 6 3 - 1 data not available.
    [Show full text]
  • Fungal Planet Description Sheets: 558–624
    Persoonia 38, 2017: 240–384 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/003158517X698941 Fungal Planet description sheets: 558–624 P.W. Crous1, M.J. Wingfield 2, T.I. Burgess3, G.E.St.J. Hardy3, P.A. Barber 4, P. Alvarado5, C.W. Barnes 6, P.K. Buchanan7, M. Heykoop8, G. Moreno8, R. Thangavel 9, S. van der Spuy10, A. Barili11, S. Barrett12, S.O. Cacciola13, J.F. Cano-Lira14, C. Crane15, C. Decock16, T.B. Gibertoni17, J. Guarro14, M. Guevara-Suarez14, V. Hubka18, M. Kolařík19, C.R.S. Lira17, M.E. Ordoñez11, M. Padamsee7, L. Ryvarden 20, A.M. Soares17, A.M. Stchigel14, D.A. Sutton21, A. Vizzini 22, B.S. Weir7, K. Acharya 23, F. Aloi13, I.G. Baseia 24, R.A. Blanchette 25, J.J. Bordallo 26, Z. Bratek 27, T. Butler 28, J. Cano-Canals 29, J.R. Carlavilla8, J. Chander 30, R. Cheewangkoon31, R.H.S.F. Cruz 32, M. da Silva 33, A.K. Dutta 23, E. Ercole 34, V. Escobio 35, F. Esteve-Raventós 8, J.A. Flores11, J. Gené14, J.S. Góis24, L. Haines28, B.W. Held 25, M. Horta Jung 36, K. Hosaka 37, T. Jung 36, Ž. Jurjević 38, V. Kautman 39, I. Kautmanova 40, A.A. Kiyashko 41, M. Kozanek 42, A. Kubátová18, M. Lafourcade 43, F. La Spada13, K.P.D. Latha 44, H. Madrid 45, E.F. Malysheva 41, P. Manimohan 44, J.L. Manjón 8, M.P. Martín 46, M. Mata 47, Z. Merényi 27, A. Morte 26, I.
    [Show full text]
  • Pathogens Associated with Diseases. of Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron Spp
    PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES. OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM AND LEUCADENDRON SPP. Lizeth Swart Thesis presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture at the University of Stellenbosch Supervisor: Prof. P. W. Crous Decem ber 1999 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION 1, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and has not previously in its entirety or in part been submitted at any university for a degree. SIGNATURE: DATE: Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za PATHOGENS ASSOCIATED WITH DISEASES OF PROTEA, LEUCOSPERMUM ANDLEUCADENDRONSPP. SUMMARY The manuscript consists of six chapters that represent research on different diseases and records of new diseases of the Proteaceae world-wide. The fungal descriptions presented in this thesis are not effectively published, and will thus be formally published elsewhere in scientific journals. Chapter one is a review that gives a detailed description of the major fungal pathogens of the genera Protea, Leucospermum and Leucadendron, as reported up to 1996. The pathogens are grouped according to the diseases they cause on roots, leaves, stems and flowers, as well as the canker causing fungi. In chapter two, several new fungi occurring on leaves of Pro tea, Leucospermum, Telopea and Brabejum collected from South Africa, Australia or New Zealand are described. The following fungi are described: Cladophialophora proteae, Coniolhyrium nitidae, Coniothyrium proteae, Coniolhyrium leucospermi,Harknessia leucospermi, Septoria prolearum and Mycosphaerella telopeae spp. nov. Furthermore, two Phylloslicla spp., telopeae and owaniana are also redecribed. The taxonomy of the Eisinoe spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pollen Analysis of Samples from the Cooperage Archaeological Site, Darling Square West
    Appendix 3: Pollen Report _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Casey & Lowe Archaeological Investigation The Cooperage, South West Plot, Darling Square CHANGES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF DARLING HARBOUR: POLLEN ANALYSIS OF SAMPLES FROM THE COOPERAGE ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE, DARLING SQUARE WEST, HAYMARKET Mike Macphail View of estuarine deposits in Area A, Test Trench 7, Cooperage archaeological site Darling Square West (photograph by Sandra Kuiters, Casey & Lowe Pty. Ltd.) Report prepared 2 April 2015 for Casey & Lowe Heritage Consultants Pty. Ltd. (Leichardt) Consultant Palynological Services, 13 Walu Place, Aranda. A.C.T. 2614 Ph. 02-6251-1631/0432-233-230. E-mail [email protected] 1 1. INTRODUCTION Belated recognition (Gammage 2012) that much of the Australian landscape is a cultural landscape has refocused interest in the environments encountered by Europeans at the time of first settlement of Sydney Cove in 1788 – both as evidence for (i) the impact of millennia of skilful burning by Australia's Indigenous inhabitants and (ii) as a bench mark to assess change shaped by c. 225 years of European occupation. As for the Tank Stream Valley (Macphail 2014a), direct evidence of the 1788 environment is mostly limited to observations in early Colonial documents and fossils in late eighteen century or older sediments fortuitously preserved under younger cultural deposits. Redevelopment of the foreshore of Darling Harbour has provided a unique opportunity to reconstruct the pre- and post-European settlement landscapes encompassing Cockle Bay, the most eastern bay in the complex of bays called 'the harbour-within-the harbour' by Stephenson & Kennedy 1980). Unlike the eastern (Sydney CBD ridge) foreshore of Cockle Bay, which was occupied by Europeans in the 1790s, the southwestern (Ultimo-Pyrmont) foreshore was part of a large Colonial Period Estate (Harris Estate) that was quarantined from urban developments into the 1850s (Fitzgerald & Golder 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Grevillea Dryandroides Subsp. Hirsuta)
    HAIRY PHALANX GREVILLEA (Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta) RECOVERY PLAN Department of Conservation and Land Management Kensington Recovery Plan for Grevillea dryandroides subsp. hirsuta FOREWORD Interim Recovery Plans (IRPs) are developed within the framework laid down in Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) [now Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC)] Policy Statements Nos. 44 and 50. Note: the Department of CALM formally became the Department of Environment and Conservation (DEC) in July 2006. DEC will continue to adhere to these Policy Statements until they are revised and reissued. IRPs outline the recovery actions that are required to urgently address those threatening processes most affecting the ongoing survival of threatened taxa or ecological communities, and begin the recovery process. DEC is committed to ensuring that Threatened taxa are conserved through the preparation and implementation of Recovery Plans (RPs) or IRPs, and by ensuring that conservation action commences as soon as possible and, in the case of Critically Endangered (CR) taxa, always within one year of endorsement of that rank by the Minister. This Interim Recovery Plan will operate from May 2006 to April 2011 but will remain in force until withdrawn or replaced. It is intended that, if the taxon is still ranked Vulnerable, this IRP will be reviewed after five years and the need for a full recovery plan assessed. This IRP was given regional approval on 13 February, 2006 and was approved by the Director of Nature Conservation on 22 February, 2006. The provision of funds and personnel identified in this Interim Recovery Plan is dependent on budgetary and other constraints affecting DEC, as well as the need to address other priorities.
    [Show full text]
  • Isopogon & Petrophile
    A U S T R AL I A N N A T I V E P L A N T S A S S O C I A T I O N ( A U S T ) Isopogon & Petrophile Study Group Newsletter No. 22 April 2018 ISSN 1445-9493 Website http://anpsa.org.au/iso-petSG/ STUDY GROUP LEADERS/NEWSLETTER EDITORS Catriona Bate & Phil Trickett Email: [email protected] Ph: 0409 789 567 Isopogon teretifolius, Hi Vallee farm, Badgingarra WA, October 2017. See page 10 for our profile of this species. Back issues of the Isopogon and Petrophile Study Group Newsletter are available at http://anpsa.org.au/iso-petSG/IPSG-news.html Isopogon & Petrophile Study Group Newsletter April 2018 1 In this issue Editorial From our members Exchanging cuttings and seed Galls galore Cranbourne I&P Special Collection Painting I. formosus Plant profile – I. teretifolius Plant profile – P. sessilis Dryandra Woodland WA: discovering P. circinata and I. villosus Learnings from Cranbourne Special Collection A seed germination diary: I. anethifolius and P. pulchella Grafting update Seed vs cuttings: P. pedunculata Growing WA natives: experiences in the east and the west Petrophile fossils? Two names discovered In the press Financial report Dear Members, The traditional hot, dry summer reputation of Australia seems to have struck with a vengeance this year. Members have reported little useful rainfall for the entire summer with inland NSW and Victoria/South Australia suffering through one of their driest summers on record. Even here on the normally wet South Coast of NSW, we have had our driest summer since we moved here in 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Sage, LW Three New Species of Lechenaultia (Goodeniaceae)
    WESTERN AUSTRALIA’S JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC BOTANY ISSN 0085-4417 G Sage, L.W. Three new species of Lechenaultia (Goodeniaceae) from south-west Western Australia, and a new key to the genus Nuytsia 16(1): 157–166 (2006) All enquiries and manuscripts should be directed to: The Editor – NUYTSIA Western Australian Herbarium Telephone: +61 8 9334 0500 Dept of Environment and Conservation Facsimile: +61 8 9334 0515 Locked Bag 104 Bentley Delivery Centre Email: [email protected] Western Australia 6983 Web: science.calm.wa.gov.au/nuytsia/ AUSTRALIA All material in this journal is copyright and may not be reproduced except with the written permission of the publishers. © Copyright Department of Environment and Conservation . L.W.Nuytsia Sage, 16(1):157–166(2006) Three new species of Lechenaultia (Goodeniaceae) from south-west WA 157 Three new species of Lechenaultia (Goodeniaceae) from south-west Western Australia, and a new key to the genus Leigh Sage Swan Coastal District, Regional Services Division, Department of Environment and Conservation, 5 Dundebar Road, Wanneroo, Western Australia, 6065 Abstract Sage, L.W. Three new species of Lechenaultia (Goodeniaceae) from south-west Western Australia, and a new key to the genus. Nuytsia 16(1): 157–166 (2006). The new species, Lechenaultia galactites L.W. Sage, L. magnifica L.W. Sage and L. hortii L.W. Sage are described and illustrated. All three species are known from the South West Botanical province of Western Australia and all have conservation priority. A new key to Lechenaultia is provided. Introduction Lechenaultia R.Br. is an attractive genus in the Goodeniaceae that is predominantly Western Australian with approximately 90% endemic to the state (Morrison 1992; Western Australian Herbarium 2001).
    [Show full text]