UH Diving Safety Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

UH Diving Safety Manual Diving Safety Manual University of Hawai’i System Approved by The University of Hawai’i Diving Control Board University of Hawai’i April 14, 2020 rev. 5/14/2020 Acknowledgements and Forward This manual was revised from the 2016 University of Hawaii Diving Safety Manual, to include revisions and improvements embodied in the December 2018 AAUS Standards for Conduct of Scientific Diving Programs and Certification of Scientific Divers, and to extend the local standard of practice as per the needs of the University of Hawaii. The manual is also available online, at: http://www.hawaii.edu/ehso/diving-safety. Intermediary revisions and the most recent versions of forms in the Appendices may be found there. This document was authored and edited by the University of Hawaii Diving Control Board, as listed in Appendix 1. 2 April 2020 Revisions Summary Global replace of “shall” with “must” (with grammatical corrections) REVISED TO COMPLY WITH AAUS STANDARDS ver. December, 2018: Table of Contents – Simplified Chapter 1. General Policy Chapter 2, Diving Regulations Chapter. 3 Diver in Training Permit Chapter 4. Scientific Diver Training – Chapter 5 Diving Equipment Chapter 6 Breathing Gas Chapter 7 Medical Standards Chapter 10 Nitrox Diving – Large scale revision Chapter 11 Staged Decompression Diving Chapter 12 High-Concentration Oxygen Nitrox for Stage Decompression Chapter 13 Mixed Gas Diving Chapter 14 Rebreathers Chapter 15 Surface Supplied Diving – Hookah Chapter 16 Surface Supplied Diving – Heavy Chapter 17 Saturation Diving Chapter 18 Shipboard Diving Appendix 1. University of Hawai’i Diving Control Board Appendix 2. UH Diving Safety Program Links to Application Forms Appendix 3. Diving Medical Exam Instructions, Instructions to Physicians, and Exam Forms Appendix 4. Physicians with Expertise in Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Appendix 5. UH Personal Dive Log Reporting Form Appendix 6. UH Personal Dive Log Sheet Guidelines and Definitions Appendix 7. UH LOR Request Form and AAUS Reciprocity Letter Example Appendix 8. Diving Emergency Management Procedures Appendix 9. Diving Incident and Accident Report Form Appendix 10. UNOLS Research Vessel operating Committee Shipboard Diving Regulations Appendix 11. AAUS Safe Ascent Recommendations Appendix 12. Guidelines for non-Exempt Diving in Support of Science (NEDSS) Appendix 13. AAUS Scientific Diver Training Requirements Appendix 14. AAUS Rebreather Training Standards Appendix 15. AAUS Glossary and Definition of Terms Appendix 16 AAUS Statistics Collection Criteria and Definitions ERRATA 5/14/2020 Corrected embedded URL. 3 CHAPTER 1. GENERAL POLICY .................................................. 12 A. Purpose .......................................................................................................... 12 1. The Scientific Diving Standards ............................................................... 12 2. OSHA Scientific Diving Definition ............................................................. 12 3. OSHA Scientific Diving Exemption ........................................................... 12 4. Liability ..................................................................................................... 13 5. Compliance with AAUS ............................................................................ 13 B. Administrative Organization ............................................................................ 13 1. The Diving Safety Officer (DSO): ............................................................. 13 2. The Diving Control Board (DCB): ............................................................. 14 3. Diving Medical Advisor ............................................................................. 15 4. Diving Medical Advisory Panel ................................................................. 16 5. Unit Diving Coordinator ............................................................................ 16 C. Program Responsibility .................................................................................. 17 1. Ultimate Authority ..................................................................................... 17 2. Policy ....................................................................................................... 17 3. Policy Administration ................................................................................ 17 D. Operational Control ........................................................................................ 17 1. University Auspices Defined ..................................................................... 17 2. Diving Privileges ....................................................................................... 17 3. Authorization Types ................................................................................. 18 4. Equipment ................................................................................................ 18 5. Records .................................................................................................... 18 6. Sites ......................................................................................................... 19 7. Visiting Scientific Divers and Reciprocity ................................................. 19 E. Diving Personnel ............................................................................................ 20 1. Instructional Personnel ............................................................................. 20 2. Lead Diver (Diving Supervisor, Person-in-charge) ................................... 20 3. Authorized Diver ....................................................................................... 20 F. Departmental Control ...................................................................................... 20 G. Medical Examination ...................................................................................... 21 H. Waiver of Requirements ................................................................................. 21 I. Consequence of Violation of Regulations By scientific divers .......................... 21 J. Violation Review and Disciplinary Process. .................................................... 21 K. Record Maintenance ...................................................................................... 22 1. Records Retention ................................................................................... 22 2. Availability of Records .............................................................................. 22 4 CHAPTER 2. DIVING REGULATIONS ........................................... 23 A. General Policy ................................................................................................ 23 B. Diving Procedures .......................................................................................... 23 1. Solo Diving Prohibition ............................................................................. 23 2. Enclosed or Confined Spaces .................................................................... 23 3. Diver's Flag .............................................................................................. 23 4. Flotation Devices ...................................................................................... 23 5. Timing Devices, Depth and Pressure Gauges ......................................... 23 6. Decompression Management .................................................................. 23 7. Diving Tables ........................................................................................... 24 8. Dive Computers ....................................................................................... 24 9. Decompression Software ......................................................................... 25 10. Termination of Dive .............................................................................. 25 11. Refusal to Dive ..................................................................................... 25 12. Dive Plans ............................................................................................ 25 13. Pre -Dive Procedures ............................................................................ 26 14. Post- Dive Safety Checks ...................................................................... 27 15. Emergency Deviation from Regulations................................................ 27 16. Flying and Altitude Exposure After Diving............................................. 28 C. Dive Record Keeping Requirements .............................................................. 28 1. Personal Dive Log ...................................................................................... 28 2. Required Incident Reporting ..................................................................... 28 CHAPTER 3. DIVER-IN-TRAINING PERMIT .................................. 30 A. Eligibility ......................................................................................................... 30 B. Pre-Training .................................................................................................... 30 1. Application. ................................................................................................. 30 2. Medical Examination................................................................................... 30 3. Swimming Test ......................................................................................... 30 C. Entry-Level Scuba Training ...........................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification
    Requirements for Scientific Diver Certification The steps to become a Certified Scientific Diver at the University of Washington (UW) are outlined below. 1. Obtain sponsorship for scientific diving by an appropriate University department or unit. Applicants who do not have a departmental sponsor and want to learn to be scientific divers can complete the Scientific Diver Course at UW Friday Harbor Labs. This course meets the requirements for full Scientific Diver certification as outlined below, and includes research projects for students to receive dive training. 2. Read the UW Diving Safety Manual. UW divers must understand and follow the safety, procedural, and medical requirements outlined in the manual and submit a signed copy of the Dive Manual Acknowledgement form. 3. Complete and submit the Diving Registration Form to the UW Diving Safety Officer (DSO). This form must be signed by the department official sponsoring the diver (e.g., principal investigator, department chair) . Submission of this form is a onetime requirement while at the UW. The form is resubmitted if any diver information changes. 4. Complete and submit documentation of recreational SCUBA diver training to UW DSO. Diving applicants must have completed a recreational SCUBA diving training course as a pre-requisite for scientific diving certification at the UW. Recreational SCUBA diving training must be provided by a nationally recognized organization (e.g., PADI, NAUI, SSI, IANTD, TDI). 5. Obtain Diving Medical Clearance from the UW Employee Health Center. Applicants will contact the UW Employee Health Center (EHC) to obtain necessary information for completing a dive physical and for transfer of medical records.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding Diver Panic (.Pdf)
    Understanding Diver PANIC By John R. Yarbrough, Ph.D Panic refers to a sudden and often unpredictable onset of intense, sometimes blinding, fearfulness or terror, usually associated with feelings of impending Photo William M. Mercadante doom. W e associate panic with a associated with a specific phobia, knowing when of if the symptoms number of physiological symptoms, such as a fear of sharks or a fear of will recur. such as shortness of breath, a feeling going too deep (called of not getting enough air, bathophobia). In these instances, Cognitive and Physiological palpitations, chest pain and fear of divers most likely avoid placing Symptoms of Panic losing control. Panic symptoms themselves in such situations so as At one time or another, everyone usually build to a crescendo in 10 to minimise the chances of an experiences mild symptoms of minutes or less. episode. anxiety. Perhaps the most common and familiar form is performance According to the DSM-IV (the Situationally predisposed panic anxiety or stage fright. People may American Psychiatric Associations attacks usually occur in the presence feel apprehensive or embarrassed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of of a trigger: they do not always occur that all eyes are focused on them, Mental Illness, 4th edition), people in every situation, however, or they waiting for them to demonstrate a experience three major types of might not occur immediately. 0or particular skill. Often apparent in panic attack: example, an apprehensive novice dive training, this occurs when may make two successful dives to 10 students are observed practicing Situationally bound, or cued attacks; metes, but has an overwhelming skills such as clearing a flooded mask.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Navy Diver
    U.S. Navy Diver Requirements, Training and Rate Information for Navy Diver (ND) Updated: May 2016 Job Description: Navy Diver’s (ND) conduct and supervise diving operations using all types of underwater breathing apparatus which include open circuit SCUBA, closed and semi­closed mixed gas underwater breathing apparatus, surface supplied air and mixed gas diving systems and equipment and saturation diving systems. Their duties include use of explosive demolitions, small arms proficiency and (command specific) parachute operations. The NAVY DIVER (ND) rating performs multiple missions depending on the command a member is assigned. Salvage Operations: Navy Divers perform open ocean, harbor and combat/expeditionary ​ salvage operations. These operations are conducted in water up to 300 feet deep and range from salvaging entire ships and aircraft to recovering debris spread over miles of ocean floor using state of the art mixed­gas diving systems, high­tech ROV equipment and explosives for clearing channels and waterways. Battle Damage and Ship Repair Operations: Highly ​ complex underwater repairs to surface ships and submarines is a mainstay of the Navy Diver. Ships damaged in battle or requiring maintenance must be fixed to keep the fleet operational. From placing cofferdams for flood prevention during repairs to replacing 80 ton ship propellers, if it's under the waterline, Navy Divers are called to complete the job. Battle Damage and Ship repair operations require the use of state of the art diving equipment, underwater cutting and welding, Non­Destructive testing, digital video equipment, complex rigging operations, hydraulic tool systems and precision demolition materials. Special Warfare Supporting Operations: A growing area of the ​ Navy Diving field is supporting the underwater operations of the SO and EOD communities.
    [Show full text]
  • US Navy Diving Manual
    ,QGH[ $ decompression . 7-39, 8-33 decompression dives . 9-7 Abducen nerve assessment . 5A-6 emergency free ascent . 7-38 Acclimatization . 3-50 from 40 fsw stop . 14-5 Acoustic nerve assessment . 5A-7 from under a vessel . 7-39 ADS-IV . 1-25 surface-supplied diving . 8-32 Advanced Cardiac Life Support surfacing and leaving the water . 7-40 embolized diver . 20-3 variation in rate . 9-8, 14-14 Air sampling Ascent rate CSS services . 4-9 air diving . 9-7 local . 4-10 closed-circuit oxygen diving . 18-27 procedures . 4-8 delays . 9-8 purpose of . 4-5 delays in arriving at first stop . 14-14 source . 4-6 delays in leaving stop . 14-15 Air supply delays in travel from 40 fsw to surface . 14-15 air purity standards . 8-13 early arrival at first stop . 9-11, 14-14 air source sampling . 4-6 MK 16 . 17-21 criteria . 6-25 Asphyxia . 3-16 duration . 7-14 Atmospheric air emergency gas supply requirements for enclosed components of . 2-14 space diving . 8-6 Atrium . 3-2 flow requirements . 8-14 MK 20 MOD 0 . 8-6 % emergency gas supply . 8-6 flow requirements . 8-6 Bacon, Roger . 1-3 MK 21 MOD 1 . 8-1 Barotrauma emergency gas supply . 8-2 body squeeze . 3-25, 19-8 flow requirements . 8-2 conditions leading to . 3-21 pressure requirements . 8-2 external ear squeeze . .3-24, 3-25, 19-8 preparation . 8-23 face squeeze . 3-25, 19-9 pressure requirements . 8-14 general symptoms of .
    [Show full text]
  • Public Safety Scuba Diving
    Industry Guide 47 A Guide to Public Safety Diving N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Division N.C. Department of Labor 1101 Mail Service Center Raleigh, NC 27699-1101 Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor N.C. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Program Cherie Berry Commissioner of Labor OSHA State Plan Designee Kevin Beauregard Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Scott Mabry Assistant Deputy Commissioner for Safety and Health Tom Savage Standards Officer Author Acknowledgments A Guide to Public Safety Diving has been prepared with materials and information from the General Industry Standards, 29 CFR 1910, Subpart T—Commercial Diving Operations, and OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-151 (U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration). This guide also contains information from sources such as U.S. Navy Diving Manual, National Association of Search and Rescue, California Department Fish and Game Diving Safety Manual, and the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA 1670—Standard on Operations and Technical Search and Rescue. Through an existing alliance established between the N.C. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Divi- sion and the North Carolina Public Safety Divers’ Association (PSDA), a collaborative effort was established to make this guide possible. The PSDA board of directors provided expertise involving public safety diving in sharing best practices and technical knowledge. A special thanks to Chuck Elgin, North Carolina Underwater Response Team, for his dedication and hard work assisting in the development of this publication. This guide is intended to be consistent with all existing OSHA standards; therefore, if an area is considered by the reader to be inconsistent with a standard, then the OSHA standard should be followed.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Recreational Closed-Circuit Rebreather Deaths 1998–2010 Andrew W Fock Abstract (Fock AW
    78 Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Volume 43 No. 2 June 2013 Analysis of recreational closed-circuit rebreather deaths 1998–2010 Andrew W Fock Abstract (Fock AW. Analysis of recreational closed-circuit rebreather deaths 1998–2010. Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine. 2013 June;43(2):78-85.) Introduction: Since the introduction of recreational closed-circuit rebreathers (CCRs) in 1998, there have been many recorded deaths. Rebreather deaths have been quoted to be as high as 1 in 100 users. Methods: Rebreather fatalities between 1998 and 2010 were extracted from the Deeplife rebreather mortality database, and inaccuracies were corrected where known. Rebreather absolute numbers were derived from industry discussions and training agency statistics. Relative numbers and brands were extracted from the Rebreather World website database and a Dutch rebreather survey. Mortality was compared with data from other databases. A fault-tree analysis of rebreathers was compared to that of open-circuit scuba of various configurations. Finally, a risk analysis was applied to the mortality database. Results: The 181 recorded recreational rebreather deaths occurred at about 10 times the rate of deaths amongst open-circuit recreational scuba divers. No particular brand or type of rebreather was over-represented. Closed-circuit rebreathers have a 25-fold increased risk of component failure compared to a manifolded twin-cylinder open-circuit system. This risk can be offset by carrying a redundant ‘bailout’ system. Two-thirds of fatal dives were associated with a high-risk dive or high-risk behaviour. There are multiple points in the human-machine interface (HMI) during the use of rebreathers that can result in errors that may lead to a fatality.
    [Show full text]
  • 8. Decompression Procedures Diver
    TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8. Decompression Procedures Diver 8.1 Introduction This course examines the theory, methods and procedures of planned stage decompression diving. This program is designed as a stand-alone course or it may be taught in conjunction with TDI Advanced Nitrox, Advanced Wreck, or Full Cave Course. The objective of this course is to train divers how to plan and conduct a standard staged decompression dive not exceeding a maximum depth of 45 metres / 150 feet. The most common equipment requirements, equipment set-up and decompression techniques are presented. Students are permitted to utilize enriched air nitrox (EAN) mixes or oxygen for decompression provided the gas mix is within their current certification level. 8.2 Qualifications of Graduates Upon successful completion of this course, graduates may engage in decompression diving activities without direct supervision provided: 1. The diving activities approximate those of training 2. The areas of activities approximate those of training 3. Environmental conditions approximate those of training Upon successful completion of this course, graduates are qualified to enroll in: 1. TDI Advanced Nitrox Course 2. TDI Extended Range Course 3. TDI Advanced Wreck Course 4. TDI Trimix Course 8.3 Who May Teach Any active TDI Decompression Procedures Instructor may teach this course Version 0221 67 TDI Standards and Procedures Part 2: TDI Diver Standards 8.4 Student to Instructor Ratio Academic 1. Unlimited, so long as adequate facility, supplies and time are provided to ensure comprehensive and complete training of subject matter Confined Water (swimming pool-like conditions) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Diving Safety Manual Revision 3.2
    Diving Safety Manual Revision 3.2 Original Document: June 22, 1983 Revision 1: January 1, 1991 Revision 2: May 15, 2002 Revision 3: September 1, 2010 Revision 3.1: September 15, 2014 Revision 3.2: February 8, 2018 WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION i WHOI Diving Safety Manual DIVING SAFETY MANUAL, REVISION 3.2 Revision 3.2 of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Diving Safety Manual has been reviewed and is approved for implementation. It replaces and supersedes all previous versions and diving-related Institution Memoranda. Dr. George P. Lohmann Edward F. O’Brien Chair, Diving Control Board Diving Safety Officer MS#23 MS#28 [email protected] [email protected] Ronald Reif David Fisichella Institution Safety Officer Diving Control Board MS#48 MS#17 [email protected] [email protected] Dr. Laurence P. Madin John D. Sisson Diving Control Board Diving Control Board MS#39 MS#18 [email protected] [email protected] Christopher Land Dr. Steve Elgar Diving Control Board Diving Control Board MS# 33 MS #11 [email protected] [email protected] Martin McCafferty EMT-P, DMT, EMD-A Diving Control Board DAN Medical Information Specialist [email protected] ii WHOI Diving Safety Manual WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION DIVING SAFETY MANUAL REVISION 3.2, September 5, 2017 INTRODUCTION Scuba diving was first used at the Institution in the summer of 1952. At first, formal instruction and proper information was unavailable, but in early 1953 training was obtained at the Naval Submarine Escape Training Tank in New London, Connecticut and also with the Navy Underwater Demolition Team in St.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin Training
    THIRD QUARTER 2017 Product No. 01224 TRAINING BULLETIN A Training and Education Update for PADI® Members Worldwide IN THIS ISSUE Divemaster Teaching Opportunities Expanded 2 Standards Updates 3 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) and Clarifi cations 5 IDC/IE Diving Fitness Attendance Requirement 8 Training Bulletin Required Reading This update is the primary training communication from your PADI Regional Headquarters to you. It announces PADI training standards and procedures changes and their implementation dates. Your PADI Membership commitment requires you to keep abreast of PADI standards by reviewing and putting into practice the information in this quarterly update. The Training Bulletin is published quarterly by PADI, the Professional Association of Diving Instructors® www.padi.com ©PADI 2017 1 TRAINING Divemaster Teaching Opportunities Expanded Eff ective immediately, PADI 2. Successfully completing a Specialty Divemasters may qualify to teach these Instructor Course taught by a specialty courses without dives: qualifi ed Specialty Instructor P Equipment Specialist Trainer. P Coral Reef Conservation 3. Receiving approval to teach from P Project AWARE Specialist the PADI Regional Headquarters aft er submitt ing a PADI Specialty P PADI Distinctive Specialty Diver Instructor Application and an courses that don’t include dives* eRecord (or the Instructor Candidate This is in addition to the two Information and Training Record TRAINING BULLETIN // standardized PADI Specialty Diver 10525) that shows completion of courses Divemasters may teach, the “Learning, Instruction and the once qualifi ed – Digital Underwater PADI System” presentation from the Photographer and Emergency Oxygen Assistant Instructor course. Provider. This new list of course options 4. Purchasing professional liability provides additional opportunities for insurance (where required).
    [Show full text]
  • SCUBA: a Seaductive Diversion from Reality 20 17
    SCUBA: A SEAductive DIVERsion from Reality 20 17 504.888.4882 Metairie Diving School, Inc. 4709 Airline Dr. Metairie, LA 70001 (between Clearview & Transcontinental) 46 Years and counting . Homo Aquaticus: Frequently sighted from the intertidal zone to depths in excess of 100’, this creature is slow-moving and somewhat clumsy in comparison to other marine life. Varying greatly in color and size, this animal can be identi- fi ed by a prominent, cylindrical shaped dorsal fi n. Page 2 www.harrysdiveshop.com | 504-888-4882 Table of Contents SCUBA is for YOU if 4 Getting certifi ed is EASY 5 Rental Prices and Policies 7 Medical Questionnaire 8 Our SCUBA Course Policies 10 Myths & Misconceptions 13 In-Water Orientation Dates 14 SCUBA Weekday Open Water Course 16 Accelerated SCUBA Course 17 Private Open Water SCUBA 18 Puchasing Equipment 19 Checkout Dive Weekends 20 Your EARS and diving 22 LEAD weights and you 23 Specialty Courses 26 SCUBA Rangers Kidz Summer Camp 28 Refresher - SCUBA Skills Update 30 Perfect Buoyancy & Underwater SMB deployment 31 NITROX – the breathing gas of choice 32 Advanced SCUBA Diver 33 Master Diver 34 Spearfi shing 35 RESCUE Diver 36 CPR / First Aid / DAN O2 Provider 37 Closed Circuit Rebreather (CCR) 38 Extended Range/Technical Diving 39 Who is HARRY? 41 Who is DAN? 44 Swimming Lessons with Swim-Smart @ Harry’s 46 Saturday LAP Swimming and SCUBA 48 Snorkeling LESSONS 50 Try SCUBA Saturdays 51 Page 3 www.harrysdiveshop.com | 504-888-4882 HARRY’S DIVE SHOP, INC. (Since 1971) Metairie Diving School, Inc. 4709 Airline Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Spiromatic S7
    31440C01 SPIROMATIC S7 Operating Instructions WARNING! Before use of SPIROMATIC S7 SCBA in an emergency/rescue situation, the user must have been given proper training in its use, have read and understood these Operating Instructions and demonstrated proficiency to a responsible teacher or supervisor. Failure to do so can result in injury or death for the user and can have serious consequences for people to be rescued and/or items of value to be saved. INTERSPIRO’S LIMITED WARRANTY INTERSPIRO warrants this product against failure to comply with INTERSPIRO’s published specifications for the product and against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of twelve (12) months after date of purchase. Within that period, INTERSPIRO will, at its option, repair or replace the product or refund your purchase price if INTERSPIRO determines the product does not conform to INTERSPIRO’s specifications or is defective in material or workmanship. To make a warranty claim, contact your authorized INTERSPIRO distributor or INTERSPIRO directly. For telephone inquiries please have your product invoice or other proof of purchase available. If you write, include proof of purchase and a written explanation of the problem. Warranty servicing will be provided on-site or at one of INTERSPIRO’s authorized service facilities, at INTERSPIRO’s discretion. If shipment to an authorized service facility is required, shipping instructions will be provided by INTERSPIRO or your authorized INTERSPIRO distributor. Do not ship any product or component without shipping
    [Show full text]
  • Supervised Dive
    EFFECTIVE 1 March 2009 MINIMUM COURSE CONTENT FOR Supervised Diver Certifi cation As Approved By ©2009, Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. (RSTC) Recreational Scuba Training Council, Inc. RSTC Coordinator P.O. Box 11083 Jacksonville, FL 32239 USA Recreational Scuba Training Council (RSTC) Minimum Course Content for Supervised Diver Certifi cation 1. Scope and Purpose This standard provides minimum course content requirements for instruction leading to super- vised diver certifi cation in recreational diving with scuba (self-contained underwater breathing appa- ratus). The intent of the standard is to prepare a non diver to the point that he can enjoy scuba diving in open water under controlled conditions—that is, under the supervision of a diving professional (instructor or certifi ed assistant – see defi nitions) and to a limited depth. These requirements do not defi ne full, autonomous certifi cation and should not be confused with Open Water Scuba Certifi cation. (See Recreational Scuba Training Council Minimum Course Content for Open Water Scuba Certifi ca- tion.) The Supervised Diver Certifi cation Standards are a subset of the Open Water Scuba Certifi cation standards. Moreover, as part of the supervised diver course content, supervised divers are informed of the limitations of the certifi cation and urged to continue their training to obtain open water diver certifi - cation. Within the scope of supervised diver training, the requirements of this standard are meant to be com- prehensive, but general in nature. That is, the standard presents all the subject areas essential for su- pervised diver certifi cation, but it does not give a detailed listing of the skills and information encom- passed by each area.
    [Show full text]