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$ ...... 7-39, 8-33 decompression dives ...... 9-7 Abducen nerve assessment ...... 5A-6 emergency free ascent ...... 7-38 Acclimatization ...... 3-50 from 40 fsw stop ...... 14-5 Acoustic nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 from under a vessel ...... 7-39 ADS-IV ...... 1-25 surface-supplied diving ...... 8-32 Advanced Cardiac Life Support surfacing and leaving the water ...... 7-40 embolized diver ...... 20-3 variation in rate ...... 9-8, 14-14 Air sampling Ascent rate CSS services ...... 4-9 air diving ...... 9-7 local ...... 4-10 closed-circuit diving ...... 18-27 procedures ...... 4-8 delays ...... 9-8 purpose of ...... 4-5 delays in arriving at first stop ...... 14-14 source ...... 4-6 delays in leaving stop ...... 14-15 Air supply delays in travel from 40 fsw to surface . . . . . 14-15 air purity standards ...... 8-13 early arrival at first stop ...... 9-11, 14-14 air source sampling ...... 4-6 MK 16 ...... 17-21 criteria ...... 6-25 ...... 3-16 duration ...... 7-14 Atmospheric air emergency gas supply requirements for enclosed components of ...... 2-14 space diving ...... 8-6 Atrium ...... 3-2 flow requirements ...... 8-14 MK 20 MOD 0 ...... 8-6 % emergency gas supply ...... 8-6 flow requirements ...... 8-6 Bacon, Roger ...... 1-3 MK 21 MOD 1 ...... 8-1 emergency gas supply ...... 8-2 body squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-8 flow requirements ...... 8-2 conditions leading to ...... 3-21 requirements ...... 8-2 external ear squeeze ...... 3-24, 3-25, 19-8 preparation ...... 8-23 face squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-9 pressure requirements ...... 8-14 general symptoms of ...... 3-21 primary ...... 8-15 inner ear ...... 3-26, 19-10 procurement from commercial source ...... 7-16 intestine ...... 3-26, 19-10 recompression chamber ...... 22-10 middle ear squeeze ...... 3-21, 19-8 secondary ...... 8-15 reverse middle ear squeeze ...... 3-25 shipboard air systems ...... 8-20 reverse sinus squeeze ...... 3-26 standby diver requirements ...... 8-15 round or oval window rupture . .3-27, 3-28, 19-10 surface air supply requirements ...... 8-13 sinus squeeze ...... 3-23, 19-8 water vapor control ...... 8-15 stomach ...... 3-26 Altitude squeeze ...... 19-9 air decompression ...... 9-39 thoracic squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-8 closed-circuit oxygen ...... 18-18 tooth squeeze ...... 3-24, 19-9 planning considerations ...... 6-17 Barracuda ...... 5C-4 Alveolar sacs ...... 3-6 Bends Alveoli ...... 3-2, 3-6 origin of name ...... 1-6 Aorta ...... 3-3 Biological contamination Aqua-Lung ...... 1-10 as a planning consideration ...... 6-17 Archimedes’ Principle ...... 2-13 Blasting plan Armored diving suits minimum information ...... 6-35 development of ...... 1-7 Blood Arterial gas embolism ...... 3-29, 20-1 controlling massive bleeding ...... 5B-1 diagnosing ...... 20-2 corpuscles ...... 3-3 preventing ...... 20-3 hemoglobin ...... 3-3 Arterioles ...... 3-2 internal bleeding ...... 5B-6 Ascent procedures

Index Index–1 platelets ...... 3-5 causes of ...... 3-17 white blood cells ...... 3-5 static lung load ...... 3-17 Bloodworms ...... 5C-13 technique Blowout plugs ...... 7-6 scuba ...... 7-30 Body squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-8 Breathing tubes Bottom diving with ...... 1-2 movement on the ...... 8-26 Bristleworms ...... 5C-13 searching on the ...... 8-27 Browne, Jack ...... 1-18 Bottom time Buddy diver as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 buddy breathing procedure ...... 7-35 definition ...... 9-2 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-9 equivalent single dive ...... 9-3 responsibilities ...... 6-33, 7-32 mixed-gas diving ...... 13-4 Buddy line Bottom type tending with ...... 7-36 as a planning consideration ...... 6-13 Boyle’s law ...... 2-17, 12-1 Archimedes’ Principle ...... 2-13 formula ...... 12-1 changing ...... 2-14 Bradycardia ...... 19-16 scuba ...... 6-24 Breathhold diving surface-supplied diving systems ...... 6-25 of ...... 3-19 water density ...... 2-13 restrictions ...... 3-19 Breathing bag & closed-circuit UBA ...... 17-3 Breathing bags Caisson ...... 1-5 diving with ...... 1-3 caisson disease ...... 1-6 Canister duration analysis ...... 16-8 MK 16 ...... 17-12 compressed air MK 25 ...... 18-11 purity standards ...... 4-4 Capillaries ...... 3-2 consumption rates ...... 13-8 Carbon dioxide continuous flow mixing ...... 16-7 causes of buildup ...... 19-3 heating system ...... 15-9 production of ...... 3-11 helium properties of ...... 2-16 purity standards ...... 4-5 removal ...... 17-2 increasing oxygen percentage ...... 16-5 scrubber ...... 17-3 mixing by ...... 16-1 toxicity ...... 3-15, 17-39, 18-6, 19-2 mixing by volume ...... 16-7 mixing by ...... 16-8 functions ...... 17-6 nitrogen Carbon monoxide purity standards ...... 4-5 poisoning ...... 3-18, 19-2 oxygen preventing ...... 3-19 purity standards ...... 4-4 symptoms of ...... 3-18 procured from commercial source treating ...... 3-19 purity standards ...... 4-4 properties of ...... 2-16 reducing oxygen percentage ...... 16-6 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation ...... 5B-1 requirements Caustic cocktail ...... 17-40, 18-8 deck decompression chamber ...... 15-4 Central nervous system ...... 3-1 system ...... 13-8 effects of on ...... 3-44 emergency breathing supply ...... 17-29 high pressure nervous syndrome ...... 3-45 emergency gas ...... 15-19 Chamber ventilation bill ...... 22-16 mixed-gas diving ...... 13-8 Charles’ law ...... 12-4 personnel transfer capsule ...... 15-1 formula ...... 12-4 surface-supplied diving ...... 13-8 Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s law ...... 2-19 treatment gas ...... 15-19 UBA ...... 15-19 Dive Record Sheet ...... 17-17 single cylinder mixing procedure ...... 16-2 and Planning ...... 6-38 Breathing hoses Emergency Assistance Checklist ...... 6-48 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-22 Environmental Assessment Worksheet ...... 6-9 Breathing resistance

Index–2 U.S. Navy Diving Manual Neurological Examination Checklist ...... 5A-2 U.S. Navy ...... 1-14 Recompression Chamber Postdive Checklist 22-19 World War II ...... 1-13 Recompression Chamber Predive Checklist . 22-12 Command Smooth Diving Log ...... 5-2 Ship Repair Safety Checklist ...... 6-34, 6-38 abbreviations in ...... 9-3 Surface-Supplied Diving Operations minimum data items ...... 5-2, 5-9 Predive Checklist ...... 6-38 Communications Chemical contamination diver intercommunication systems ...... 8-20 as a planning consideration ...... 6-17 hand signals ...... 7-32 Chemical injury ...... 17-40, 18-7 line-pull signals ...... 7-32 causes of ...... 17-40, 18-7 ...... 15-3 managing ...... 17-40, 18-8 surface-supplied operations ...... 8-20 symptoms of ...... 17-40, 18-7 through-water systems ...... 7-32 Chokes ...... 3-13, 3-43, 20-7 Compass Ciguatera fish poisoning ...... 5C-18 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 Compressed air anatomy of ...... 3-2 purity standards ...... 4-4 function of ...... 3-2 Compression pains ...... 3-45 heart ...... 3-2 symptoms of ...... 3-45 pulmonary circuit ...... 3-2 Compressors systemic circuit ...... 3-2 air filtration system ...... 4-10 Civilian diving capacity requirements ...... 8-16 OSHA requirements ...... 6-35 certification ...... 4-10 Closed-circuit oxygen diving filters ...... 8-19 combat operations ...... 18-18 intercoolers ...... 8-17 medical aspects ...... 18-1 lubrication ...... 4-10, 8-17 personnel requirements ...... 18-20 specifications ...... 4-11, 8-17 Closed-circuit scuba maintaining ...... 8-17 history of ...... 1-10 pressure regulators ...... 8-19 Clothing reciprocating ...... 8-16 topside support personnel ...... 11-6 selecting ...... 8-16 CNS Cone shells ...... 5C-15 at the 40-fsw chamber stop ...... 9-25 Conshelf One ...... 1-22 causes of ...... 3-36, 18-3 Conshelf Two ...... 1-22 convulsions ...... 3-36 Contaminated water convulsions at 40-fsw or 50 fsw-stop ...... 14-22 diving in ...... 6-15 in nitrogen-oxygen diving ...... 10-2 Convulsions ...... 18-3 nonconvulsive symptoms at the 40-fsw stop . 14-22 at the 40-fsw chamber stop ...... 9-25 nonconvulsive symptoms at the 50-fsw stop . 14-21 clonic phase ...... 3-37 preventing ...... 17-37 CNS ...... 3-36 symptoms of ...... 3-36, 17-38, 18-2, 19-4 postictal phase ...... 3-37 treating tonic phase ...... 3-37 convulsions ...... 17-38, 19-4 treating CNS ...... 19-4 free swimming diver ...... 19-4 treating underwater ...... 18-4 nonconvulsive symptoms ...... 17-38 Coordination tests ...... 5A-5 tethered diver ...... 19-4 Coral ...... 5C-11 treating nonconvulsive symptoms ...... 18-4 Corners when employing oxygen treatment tables . . . 21-19 working around ...... 8-28 Coastal Systems Station Corpuscles ...... 3-3 fax number ...... 4-9 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves ...... 1-10, 1-22 Cochlea ...... 3-26 Cranial nerve assessment ...... 5A-6 Coelenterates ...... 5C-9 Currents Cold water diving types of ...... 6-14 navigational considerations ...... 11-1 working in ...... 6-15 planning guidelines ...... 11-1 Cylinders Color visibility ...... 2-6 blowout plugs and safety discs ...... 7-6 Combat swimming charging methods ...... 7-17 closed-circuit oxygen ...... 18-18 charging with compressor ...... 7-19 operating limitations ...... 18-19 Department of Transportation specifications . . 7-4 planning considerations ...... 6-6 handling and storage ...... 4-13, 7-6

Index Index–3 high pressure ...... 8-19 Oxygen in Nitrogen ...... 17-21 inspection requirements ...... 7-6 Residual Nitrogen Timetable for Repetitive manifold connectors ...... 7-6 Air Dives ...... 9-14 operating procedures for charging ...... 7-18 Standard Air Decompression Table ...... 9-12 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-21 Surface Decompression Table Using Air . . . . 9-28 pressure gauge requirements ...... 7-6 Surface-Supplied Helium-Oxygen Decompression sizes of approved ...... 7-4 Table ...... 14-3 topping off ...... 7-19 Deep diving system transporting ...... 4-13 emergency procedures ...... 15-31 valves and manifold assemblies ...... 7-6 Deep diving systems ADS-IV ...... 1-25 ' applications ...... 15-1 breathing gas requirements ...... 13-8 Dalton’s law ...... 2-25, 12-11 components formula ...... 12-12 deck decompression chamber . . . .1-24, 15-3 Davis Submersible Decompression Chamber . . . . 1-20 personnel transfer capsule ...... 1-24, 15-1 Deane, Charles ...... 1-4 PTC handling system ...... 15-4 Deane, John ...... 1-4 development of ...... 1-24 Deck decompression chamber ...... 15-3 fire prevention ...... 15-4 atmosphere control ...... 15-18 MK 1 MOD 0 ...... 1-25 selecting storage depth ...... 15-15 MK 2 MOD 0 ...... 1-25 Decompression MK 2 MOD 1 ...... 1-26 emergency SUR D using oxygen ...... 14-11 Deep tendon reflexes ...... 5A-10 normal SUR D using oxygen ...... 14-8 Dehydration ...... 3-51 omitted ...... 17-35, 21-5 preventing ...... 3-52 saturation ...... 15-33 Demolition missions surface ...... 9-22, 14-5 planning considerations ...... 6-6 theory of ...... 9-1 Depth Decompression schedule as a planning consideration ...... 6-13 definition ...... 9-2 maximum ...... 9-2 selecting ...... 9-6 single-depth limits definition ...... 18-16 Decompression sickness ...... 3-42, 20-4 stage ...... 9-2 altitude ...... 20-8 direct bubble effects ...... 3-42 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 treatment ...... 3-43 scuba requirements ...... 7-1 in the water ...... 14-28, 17-41 Depth limits indirect bubble effects ...... 3-43 mixed-gas diving ...... 13-3 musculoskeletal ...... 3-43 MK 16 ...... 17-1 preventing ...... 3-44 MK 20 MOD 0 ...... 8-5 pulmonary ...... 3-43 MK 21 MOD 1 ...... 8-1 saturation diving ...... 15-37 MK 25 ...... 18-16 spinal cord ...... 3-42 open-circuit scuba ...... 6-24, 6-52 symptoms of ...... 3-43 surface-supplied air diving ...... 6-24 treatment of ...... 3-44 surface-supplied mixed-gas diving ...... 14-1 Type I ...... 15-37, 20-5 Desaturation Type II ...... 15-39, 20-6 of tissues ...... 3-41 Decompression stop Descent procedures definition ...... 9-2 aborted dive during descent ...... 14-11 Decompression table scuba ...... 7-29 definition ...... 9-2 surface-supplied operations ...... 8-25 Decompression Tables with less than 16 percent oxygen ...... 14-4 Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen 9-22 Descent rate Decompression tables closed-circuit mixed-gas diving ...... 17-19 Closed-Circuit Mixed-Gas UBA Decompression Descent time Table Using 0.7 Constant Partial Pressure definition ...... 9-2 Oxygen in Helium ...... 17-21 Closed-Circuit Mixed-Gas UBA Decompression gas mixtures ...... 2-27 Table Using 0.7 Constant Partial Pressure of light ...... 2-6

Index–4 U.S. Navy Diving Manual assistance and emergencies ...... 6-38 qualifications ...... 6-31 closed-circuit oxygen diving ...... 18-23 responsibilities while underway ...... 6-30 debriefing the ...... 6-51 Diving team establish mission objective ...... 6-38 buddy diver ...... 6-33 identify tasks and procedures ...... 6-38 Commanding Officer ...... 6-29 mixed-gas operations ...... 13-9 cross training and substitution ...... 6-34, 13-8 personnel assignments ...... 6-38 diver tender ...... 6-33 review ...... 6-38 Diving Medical Officer ...... 6-31 scuba operations ...... 7-24 Diving Officer ...... 6-29 Dive knife diving personnel ...... 6-31 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 ...... 6-30 Dive Record Sheet ...... 17-17 explosive handlers ...... 6-35 Dive Reporting System ...... 5-10 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-7 Dive site manning levels ...... 6-27 selecting ...... 11-7 Master Diver ...... 6-29 shelter ...... 11-7, 11-8 medical personnel ...... 6-33 Diver candidate pressure test ...... 22-26 personnel qualifications ...... 6-31, 13-9 Diver fatigue ...... 13-9 physical requirements ...... 6-34 Diver protection recorder ...... 6-33 as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 selecting and assembling . . . . .6-27, 13-8, 15-14 Diver tender standby diver ...... 6-32 qualifications ...... 6-33 support personnel ...... 6-34 responsibilities ...... 6-33 underwater salvage demolition personnel . . . 6-35 and qualification ...... 6-34, 13-8 Diving technique ascent training ...... 20-4 factors when selecting ...... 6-22 closed-circuit mixed-gas diving ...... 17-8 Donning gear closed-circuit oxygen diving ...... 18-20 ...... 7-24 emergency medical training ...... 19-16 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-7 causes and prevention ...... 19-13 saturation diving ...... 15-14 treatment ...... 19-13 ...... 6-5 Dry deck shelter underwater ship husbandry ...... 6-3 technical program manager ...... 4-2 Divers Personal ...... 5-9 Dyspnea ...... 3-17 preventing ...... 3-18 Davis Submersible Decompression Chamber 1-20 development of ...... 1-3 ( Diving craft and platforms criteria for ...... 6-26 Ear small craft requirements ...... 6-26 external ear Diving dress preventing squeeze ...... 3-25 armored diving suits ...... 1-7 prophylaxis ...... 15-21 Deanes Patent Diving Dress ...... 1-4 squeeze ...... 3-24, 19-8 development of ...... 1-3 inner ear MK V ...... 1-8 barotrauma ...... 19-10 Siebe’s Improved Diving Dress ...... 1-4 cochlea ...... 3-26 Diving injuries decompression sickness ...... 20-7 initial assessment ...... 5A-1 dysfunction and vertigo ...... 3-26 Diving Medical Officer symptoms of barotrauma ...... 19-11 responsibilities ...... 6-31 treating barotrauma ...... 19-11 Diving Officer vestibular apparatus ...... 3-26 responsibilities ...... 6-29 middle ear Diving Safety and Planning Checklist ...... 6-38 eardrum ...... 3-21, 3-27 Diving Supervisor incus ...... 3-22, 3-27 closed-circuit mixed-gas diving brief ...... 17-17 malleus ...... 3-22, 3-27 closed-circuit oxygen diving brief ...... 18-23 preventing squeeze ...... 3-23 closed-circuit oxygen diving check ...... 18-23 reverse squeeze ...... 3-25 postdive responsibilities ...... 6-30 squeeze ...... 3-21, 19-8 predive checklist ...... 8-24 stapes ...... 3-22, 3-27, 3-28 predive responsibilities ...... 6-30

Index Index–5 treating reverse squeeze ...... 19-9 subcutaneous ...... 3-30, 19-6 treating squeeze ...... 3-23 treating ...... 19-6 Eardrum ...... 3-21 Enclosed space diving rupture ...... 19-10 hazards ...... 8-27 Electrical shock hazards MK 20 MOD 0 emergency gas supply as a planning consideration ...... 6-18 requirements ...... 8-6 Emergency assistance planning considerations ...... 6-6 as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 safety precautions ...... 8-28 checklist ...... 6-48 Energy Emergency breathing supply classifications deployment procedures ...... 17-35 kinetic energy ...... 2-5 gas supply requirements ...... 17-29 potential energy ...... 2-5 Emergency breathing system heat ...... 2-10 MK 16 ...... 17-29 conduction ...... 2-10 Emergency gas supply convection ...... 2-10 MK 20 MOD 0 enclosed space diving ...... 8-6 radiation ...... 2-11 MK 21 MOD 1 ...... 8-2 Law of Conservation of ...... 2-5 saturation diving ...... 15-12 light ...... 2-5 Emergency operating procedures mechanical ...... 2-6 approval process ...... 4-3 sound format for ...... 4-3 effects of water depth on ...... 2-7 non-standardized equipment ...... 4-3 effects of water on ...... 2-7 proposed changes or updates to transmission ...... 2-7 submitting ...... 4-3 types of ...... 2-4 saturation diving ...... 15-17 Entry hole standardized equipment ...... 4-2 ...... 11-8 surface-supplied diving systems ...... 8-15 Environmental Assessment Worksheet ...... 6-9 Emergency procedures Environmental conditions atmosphere contamination ...... 15-31 as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 bottom time in excess of table ...... 14-17 mixed-gas diving ...... 13-4 damage to helmet and diving dress ...... 8-31 Environmental control emergency assistance checklist ...... 6-48 saturation diving ...... 15-19 equipment failure ...... 6-50 Environmental hazards falling ...... 8-31 biological contamination ...... 6-17 fouled descent line ...... 8-31 chemical contamination ...... 6-17 fouled umbilical lines ...... 8-30 contaminated water ...... 6-15 fouling and entrapment ...... 6-48 identifying ...... 6-15 free ascent ...... 7-38 marine life ...... 6-20 inability to shift to 40 percent oxygen at 100 nuclear radiation ...... 6-20 fsw during decompression ...... 14-19 temperature ...... 6-15 lightheaded or dizzy diver on bottom ...... 14-26 thermal pollution ...... 6-17 loss of carbon dioxide control ...... 15-31 underwater obstacles ...... 6-17 loss of communications ...... 6-50 underwater visibility ...... 6-15 loss of depth control ...... 15-32 Equipment loss of gas supply ...... 6-50 accessory for surface-supplied diving ...... 8-12 loss of helium-oxygen supply on the bottom . 14-17 air supply criteria ...... 6-25 loss of oxygen control ...... 15-31 alteration of ...... 4-2 loss of oxygen supply at 50 fsw ...... 14-19 ancillary for ice/cold water diving ...... 11-7 loss of oxygen supply at the 40-foot stop . . . 14-20 as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 loss of temperature control ...... 15-32 Authorized for Navy use ...... 6-25, 7-2 lost diver ...... 6-50, 11-13 authorized for Navy use ...... 4-1 searching for ...... 11-13 demand regulator assembly ...... 7-2 notification of ships personnel ...... 6-48 diving craft and platforms ...... 6-26 oxygen supply contaminated with for working in currents ...... 6-15 helium-oxygen ...... 14-21 full face mask ...... 7-4 unconscious diver on the bottom ...... 19-12 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-4 Emphysema mixed-gas diving ...... 13-3 mediastinal ...... 3-30, 19-6 mouthpiece ...... 7-4 treating ...... 19-6 open-circuit scuba ...... 7-2

Index–6 U.S. Navy Diving Manual optional for scuba operations ...... 7-10 puffer fish poisoning ...... 5C-20 planned maintenance system ...... 4-2 scromboid fish poisoning ...... 5C-20 postdive procedures ...... 7-41, 8-35 sea cucumber irritation ...... 5C-22 preparation for ice/cold water diving ...... 11-9 sea lion bites ...... 5C-5 reference data sea snake bites ...... 5C-17 MK 21 MOD 1 lightweight surface-supplied sea urchin stings ...... 5C-14 helium oxygen ...... 13-12 shark bites ...... 5C-1 required for closed-circuit mixed-gas dives . . 17-13 sponge stings ...... 5C-18 required for closed-circuit oxygen dives . . . . 18-21 stingray wounds ...... 5C-9 required for scuba operations ...... 7-1 toxic fish wounds ...... 5C-7 selecting ...... 6-25 venomous fish wounds ...... 5C-6 system certification authority ...... 4-2 viral and bacterial shellfish poisoning ...... 5C-21 Equivalent single dive bottom time Fleuss, Henry A...... 1-10 definition ...... 9-3 Flying after diving EX 14 closed-circuit oxygen dives ...... 18-18 technical program manager ...... 4-2 saturation diving ...... 15-39 Exceptional exposure dives ...... 9-34 Formulas Excursion Boyle’s law ...... 12-1 transit with excursion limits definition ...... 18-14 calculating available EBS volume ...... 17-30 Excursion time calculating oxygen partial pressure ...... 14-15 transit with excursion limits definition ...... 18-14 calculating partial pressure ...... 2-27 Explosions ...... 2-8 Charles law ...... 12-4 Explosive ordnance disposal Daltons law ...... 12-12 employing single, untended diver ...... 17-15 emergency gas supply duration ...... 15-12 planning considerations ...... 6-4 for N2O2 diving safety procedures ...... 17-16 measured in fsw ...... 2-31 External ear squeeze ...... 3-24, 3-25, 19-8 equivalent air depth for N2O2 diving measured Extreme exposure suits ...... 11-6 in meters ...... 2-31 Extremity strength assessment ...... 5A-8 estimating explosion pressure on a diver . . . . . 2-9 fire zone depth ...... 15-20 ) general gas law ...... 12-8 MK 16 gas endurance ...... 17-11 Face mask partial pressure measured in ata ...... 2-31 clearing ...... 7-30 partial pressure measured in fsw ...... 2-31 full ...... 7-4 partial pressure measured in psi ...... 2-31 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-4 recompression chamber primary system predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 capacity ...... 22-11 Face squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-9 recompression chamber secondary system Facial nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 capacity ...... 22-12 Failure Analysis Report recompression chamber volume ...... 22-6 MK 16 ...... 5-10 surface equivalent value ...... 2-27 MK 20 MOD 0 ...... 5-10 T formula for measuring partial pressure . . . . 2-31 MK 21 MOD 1 ...... 5-10 UBA gas usage ...... 15-11 MK 25 ...... 5-10 open-circuit scuba ...... 5-10 * Finger-to-nose test ...... 5A-6 Gagnan, Emile ...... 1-10 barracuda bites ...... 5C-4 Gas analysis ...... 16-8 bloodworm and bristleworm bites ...... 5C-13 ciguatera fish poisoning ...... 5C-19 Boyle’s law ...... 2-17, 12-1 coelenterate wounds ...... 5C-10 Charles’ law ...... 12-4 cone shell stings ...... 5C-15 Charles’/Gay-Lussac’s law ...... 2-19 coral wounds ...... 5C-11 Dalton’s law ...... 2-25, 12-11 killer whale bites ...... 5C-4 general gas law ...... 2-21, 12-7 massive bleeding ...... 5B-1 Henry’s law ...... 2-28, 12-14 moray eel bites ...... 5C-5 Gas mixtures octopus bites ...... 5C-13 analyzing constituents ...... 16-9 paralytic shellfish poisoning ...... 5C-21 calculating partial pressure ...... 2-27

Index Index–7 calculating surface equivalent value ...... 2-27 Heat continuous-flow mixing ...... 10-9, 16-7 conduction ...... 2-10, 3-47 diffusion ...... 2-27 convection ...... 2-10, 3-47 dives deeper than 200 fsw ...... 14-2 excessive ...... 3-49 dives shallower than 200 fsw ...... 14-2 excessive loss of ...... 3-47 emergency gas supply ...... 14-2 loss through conduction ...... 2-11 exceptional exposure dives ...... 14-2 protecting a diver from loss of ...... 2-11 gases in liquids ...... 2-28 radiation ...... 2-11, 3-47 humidity in ...... 2-28 Heel-shin slide test ...... 5A-6 increasing oxygen percentage ...... 16-5 Heel-to-toe test ...... 5A-5 mixing by partial pressure ...... 16-1 Helium mixing by volume ...... 16-7 properties of ...... 2-15 mixing by weight ...... 16-8 purity standards ...... 4-5 nitrogen-oxygen diving ...... 10-3, 10-9 Helium-oxygen diving partial pressure ...... 2-25 charting ...... 14-17 reducing oxygen percentage ...... 16-6 origins of ...... 1-16 single cylinder mixing procedure ...... 16-2 Helmets ...... 2-28 protection from ...... 1A-2 surface-supplied mixed-gas diving ...... 14-1 Hemoglobin ...... 3-3 Gases Henry’s law ...... 2-28, 12-14 in diving High pressure nervous syndrome ...... 3-45 atmospheric air ...... 2-14 Hoods carbon dioxide ...... 2-16 protection from sonar ...... 1A-2 carbon monoxide ...... 2-16 Hose helium ...... 2-15 clearing ...... 7-30 hydrogen ...... 2-16 Hot water suits ...... 11-6 neon ...... 2-16 Humidity ...... 2-28 nitrogen ...... 2-15 controlling in air supply ...... 8-15 oxygen ...... 2-14 Hydrogen kinetic theory of ...... 2-16 properties of ...... 2-16 measurements ...... 2-3 Hydrogen-oxygen diving Gauges origins of ...... 1-18 calibrating ...... 4-11 ...... 3-15, 17-39, 18-6 helical Bourdon ...... 4-12 causes ...... 19-3 maintaining ...... 4-11 causes of ...... 3-15 pressure gauge requirements for scuba ...... 7-6 preventing ...... 18-7 selecting ...... 4-11 symptoms of ...... 3-15, 17-40, 18-6, 19-2 General gas law ...... 2-21, 12-7 treating ...... 3-16, 17-40, 18-6, 19-3 formula ...... 12-8 ...... 3-49 Glossopharyngeal nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 cooling measures ...... 19-14 preventing ...... 3-50, 3-51 + symptoms ...... 19-14 symptoms of ...... 3-50 Haldane, J.S...... 1-7 treatment ...... 19-14 Halley, Edmund ...... 1-3 Hyperventilation ...... 3-13 Hand signals effects of ...... 3-20 closed-circuit oxygen ...... 18-20 treating ...... 19-5 scuba ...... 7-32 unintentional ...... 3-20 Harness ...... 7-7 voluntary ...... 3-20 Harness straps and backpack Hypoglossal nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-22 Hypoglycemia ...... 3-52 Heart causes of ...... 3-52 anatomy of ...... 3-2 preventing ...... 3-52 aorta ...... 3-3 ...... 3-47, 11-13 atrium ...... 3-2 effects of ...... 3-48 inferior vena cava ...... 3-2 rewarming techniques ...... 19-15 superior vena cava ...... 3-2 signs and symptoms of ...... 3-49 ventricle ...... 3-2 symptoms ...... 19-14 treating ...... 19-15

Index–8 U.S. Navy Diving Manual ...... 3-11, 17-39, 18-4 octopuses ...... 5C-12 causes of ...... 3-13, 17-39, 19-2 parasites ...... 5C-22 preventing ...... 3-14 sea cucumbers ...... 5C-22 symptoms of ...... 3-13, 17-39, 18-5, 19-1 sea lions ...... 5C-5 treating ...... 3-14, 17-39, 18-6, 19-2 sea snakes ...... 5C-16 treating divers requiring decompression . . . . 17-39 sea urchins ...... 5C-14 sharks ...... 5C-1 , sponges ...... 5C-18 stingrays ...... 5C-9 Incus ...... 3-22, 3-27 toxic fish ...... 5C-7 Inert gases venomous fish ...... 5C-6 absorption of ...... 3-38 Master Diver Inferior vena cava ...... 3-2 qualifications ...... 6-30 Intestinal gas expansion ...... 3-26 responsibilities ...... 6-29 preventing ...... 19-10 Matter atoms ...... 2-1 . elements ...... 2-1 molecules ...... 2-1 states of ...... 2-2 Kelvin temperature scale ...... 2-3 Maximal breathing capacity Killer whales ...... 5C-3 definition of ...... 3-9 Maximum depth / definition ...... 9-2 Maximum expiratory flow rate Lambertsen, C. J...... 1-12 definition of ...... 3-9 Lethbridge, John ...... 1-3 Maximum inspiratory flow rate Life preserver definition of ...... 3-9 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-3 Maximum ventilatory volume predive procedures ...... 7-22 definition of ...... 3-9 scuba training requirements ...... 7-1 Measurement Lifelines absolute pressure ...... 2-13 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-8 ...... 2-12 Light barometric pressure ...... 2-12 color visibility ...... 2-6 gas measurements ...... 2-3 diffusion ...... 2-6 gauge pressure ...... 2-12 effects of ...... 2-6 hydrostatic pressure ...... 2-13 refraction ...... 2-5 measuring small quantities of pressure . . . . . 2-27 Line-pull signals pressure ...... 2-12 scuba ...... 7-32 Temperature Lungs Celsius scale ...... 2-3 alveolar sacs ...... 3-6 Fahrenheit scale ...... 2-3 alveoli ...... 3-2, 3-6 Kelvin scale ...... 2-3 thoracic squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-8 Rankine scale ...... 2-3 Measurement systems 0 English ...... 2-2 International System of Units (SI) ...... 2-2 Malleus ...... 3-22, 3-27 Mechanical energy Mammalian reflex ...... 19-15 underwater explosions ...... 2-8 Manifold connectors ...... 7-6 Mediastinal emphysema ...... 3-30, 19-6 Man-in-the-Sea Program ...... 1-22 treating ...... 19-6 Marine life ...... 6-20 Mental status exam ...... 5A-5 barracuda ...... 5C-4 Middle ear bloodworms ...... 5C-13 overpressure ...... 3-25 bristleworms ...... 5C-13 oxygen absorption syndrome ...... 18-8, 19-11 coelenterates ...... 5C-9 symptoms ...... 18-8 cone shells ...... 5C-15 treating ...... 18-9, 19-11 coral ...... 5C-11 squeeze ...... 3-21, 19-8 killer whales ...... 5C-3 preventing ...... 3-23 moray eels ...... 5C-4 treating ...... 3-23

Index Index–9 treating reverse ...... 19-9 1 Mission objective defining ...... 6-2 Narcosis establishing during dive briefing ...... 6-38 nitrogen ...... 3-32 Mixed-gas diving Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory . . 15-6 depth limits ...... 13-3 Navigation lines evolution of ...... 1-16 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-8 helium-oxygen Navy Experimental Diving Unit ...... 15-5 descent procedures ...... 14-2 Neon emergency procedures ...... 14-17 properties of ...... 2-16 origins of ...... 1-16 Nervous system hydrogen-oxygen diving central nervous system ...... 3-1 origins of ...... 1-18 peripheral nervous system ...... 3-1 medical considerations ...... 13-1 Neurological assessment ...... 5A-2 method consideration ...... 13-3 Nitrogen selecting equipment ...... 13-3 properties of ...... 2-15 MK 1 MOD 0 ...... 1-25 purity standards ...... 4-5 MK 16 ...... 3-32 emergency breathing system ...... 17-29 signs of ...... 3-33 emergency operating procedures ...... 4-2 Nitrogen-oxygen diving Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 advantages/disadvantages ...... 10-1 operating procedures ...... 4-2 breathing gas purity ...... 10-9 static lung loading in ...... 3-17 CNS oxygen toxicity risks ...... 10-2 technical program manager ...... 4-2 equipment ...... 10-7 MK 2 MOD 0 ...... 1-25 fleet training ...... 10-7 MK 2 MOD 1 ...... 1-26 gas mixing techniques ...... 10-9 MK 20 MOD 0 gas systems ...... 10-12 air supply ...... 8-6 repetitive diving ...... 10-5 depth limits ...... 8-5 selecting gas mixture ...... 10-3 description ...... 8-5 NOAA ...... 6-17 enclosed space diving ...... 8-27 No-Decompression Limit Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 definition ...... 9-3 flow requirements ...... 8-6 Nohl, Max Gene ...... 1-18 operation and maintenance ...... 8-5 Nuclear radiation technical program manager ...... 4-2 as a planning consideration ...... 6-20 MK 21 MOD 1 air supply ...... 8-1 2 depth limits ...... 8-1 description ...... 8-1 Object recovery emergency gas supply requirements ...... 8-2 planning considerations ...... 6-3, 6-7 Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 Ocean Simulation Facility ...... 15-5 flow requirements ...... 8-2 Octopuses ...... 5C-12 operation and maintenance ...... 8-1 Oculomotor nerve assessment ...... 5A-6 pressure requirements ...... 8-2 Off-oxygen interval technical program manager ...... 4-2 definition ...... 18-16 MK 25 Olfactory nerve ...... 5A-6 emergency operating procedures ...... 4-2 Omitted decompression ...... 14-23, 17-35, 21-5 Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 Open-circuit scuba maximizin operational range ...... 18-19 components ...... 7-2 operating procedures ...... 4-2 demand regulator assembly ...... 7-2 operational duration ...... 18-11 depth limits ...... 6-24, 6-52 purge procedure ...... 18-24 Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 static lung loading in ...... 3-17 history of ...... 1-9 technical program manager ...... 4-2 Operating procedures Moray eels ...... 5C-4 approval process ...... 4-3 Mouthpiece ...... 7-4 charging scuba tanks ...... 7-18 clearing ...... 7-30 format for ...... 4-3 non-standardized equipment ...... 4-3

Index–10 U.S. Navy Diving Manual proposed changes or updates to data sources ...... 6-7 submitting ...... 4-3 depth ...... 6-13 recompression chambers ...... 22-15 diver protection ...... 6-1 saturation diving ...... 15-17 emergency assistance ...... 6-1 standardized equipment ...... 4-2 environmental conditions ...... 6-1 surface-supplied diving systems ...... 8-15 equipment ...... 6-1 Operational hazards ice/cold water diving ...... 11-1 chemical injury ...... 17-40, 18-7 identifying available resources ...... 6-1 communicable diseases ...... 19-17 information gathering ...... 6-7 explosions ...... 2-8 natural factors ...... 6-9 identifying ...... 6-8, 6-15 sea state ...... 6-9 marine life ...... 19-17 surface conditions ...... 6-9 otitis externa ...... 19-16 surface-supplied mixed-gas diving ...... 14-1 territorial waters ...... 6-20 temperature ...... 6-9 uncontrolled ascent ...... 19-16 and currents ...... 6-14 underwater trauma ...... 19-17 type of bottom ...... 6-13 vessel and small boat traffic ...... 6-20 weather ...... 6-1 Operational tasks Platelets ...... 3-5 identifying ...... 13-2 Pneumothorax ...... 3-30, 19-7 identifying during dive briefing ...... 6-38 simple ...... 3-30 job site procedures ...... 8-29 tension ...... 3-31 planning and scheduling ...... 6-36 treating ...... 3-32, 19-7 underwater ship husbandry (UWSH) ...... 8-29 Postdive procedures Optic nerve assessment ...... 5A-6 closed-circuit mixed-gas diving ...... 17-21 OSHA requirements closed-circuit oxygen diving ...... 18-27 civilian diving ...... 6-35 Diving Supervisor responsibilities ...... 6-30 Otitis externa ...... 19-16 equipment ...... 8-35 Oxygen ice/cold water diving ...... 11-12 consumption of ...... 3-10 personnel and reporting ...... 8-34 deficiency ...... 3-11, 17-39, 18-4, 19-1 recompression chamber ...... 22-19 MK 16 flask endurance ...... 17-9 saturation diving ...... 15-39 properties of ...... 2-14 scuba operations ...... 7-40 purity standards ...... 4-4 tasks ...... 6-37 Oxygen exposure limits Predescent surface check following mixed-gas or air dives ...... 18-18 scuba ...... 7-28 single-depth ...... 18-13 surface-supplied operations ...... 8-24 successive oxygen dives ...... 18-16 Predive inspection transit with excursion ...... 18-13 scuba operations ...... 7-25 Oxygen supply Predive procedures MK 25 ...... 18-11 air cylinder inspection ...... 7-21 Oxygen system failure ...... 9-23 air supply preparation ...... 8-23 Oxygen time breathing hose inspection ...... 7-22 single-depth limits definition ...... 18-16 closed-circuit oxygen diving ...... 18-22 transit with excursion limits definition ...... 18-15 completing the predive checklist ...... 8-22 depth gauge and compass inspection ...... 7-23 3 dive knife inspection ...... 7-23 diver preparation and brief ...... 7-24 Paired marked diving ...... 17-16 diving station preparation ...... 8-22 Parasitic infestation ...... 5C-22 Diving Supervisor inspection ...... 7-25 Pasley, William ...... 1-5 Diving Supervisor responsibilities ...... 6-30 Peripheral nervous system ...... 3-1 donning gear ...... 7-24, 8-24, 11-11 Permissible Exposure Limit (sonar) ...... 1A-1 equipment preparation ...... 7-21, 18-23 Personnel transfer capsule ...... 15-1 face mask inspection ...... 7-23 atmosphere control ...... 15-18 harness straps and backpack inspection . . . . 7-22 diving procedures ...... 15-29 inspection ...... 8-24 handling systems ...... 15-4 life preserver/buoyancy compensator Planning considerations inspection ...... 7-22 bottom time ...... 6-1 line preparation ...... 8-23 miscellaneous equipment inspection ...... 7-24

Index Index–11 recompression chamber ...... 22-12 safety precautions ...... 22-12 recompression chamber inspection and scheduled maintenance ...... 22-19 preparation ...... 8-24 ventilation ...... 22-16 regulator inspection ...... 7-22 Recompression treatment inspection ...... 7-23 Treatment Table 4 ...... 21-14 submersible wrist watch inspection ...... 7-23 Treatment Table 5 ...... 21-12 Surface-Supplied Diving Operations Predive Treatment Table 6 ...... 21-13 Checklist ...... 6-38 Treatment Table 6A ...... 21-14 swim fins inspection ...... 7-23 Treatment Table 7 ...... 21-15 weight belt inspection ...... 7-23 Treatment Table 8 ...... 21-17 Pressure ...... 2-12 Treatment Table 9 ...... 21-18 absolute ...... 2-13 Record keeping atmospheric ...... 2-12 documents ...... 5-1 barometric ...... 2-12 chamber atmosphere data sheet . . . . . 15-16 expressing small quantities of ...... 2-27 Command Diving Log ...... 15-16 gauge ...... 2-12 Command Smooth Diving Log ...... 5-2 hydrostatic ...... 2-13 Dive Reporting System ...... 5-10 indirect effects on the human body ...... 3-32 diver’s personal dive log ...... 5-9 terms used to describe ...... 2-12 Failure Analysis Report ...... 5-10 Puffer fish poisoning ...... 5C-20 gas status report ...... 15-17 Pulmonary overinflation syndromes ...... 3-28, 19-6 individual dive record ...... 15-17 arterial gas embolism ...... 3-29 machinery log ...... 15-17 mediastinal emphysema ...... 3-30, 19-6 master protocol ...... 15-16 pneumothorax ...... 3-30, 19-7 service lock ...... 15-17 preventing ...... 19-7 mixed-gas diving ...... 13-11 subcutaneous emphysema ...... 3-30, 19-6 objectives of ...... 5-1 Pulmonary oxygen toxicity ...... 3-35, 18-2 Recorder when employing oxygen treatment tables . . 21-20 responsibilities ...... 6-33 Purge procedure ...... 18-24 Recording ...... 9-3 errors ...... 18-25 Refraction ...... 2-5 Purity standards definition of ...... 2-5 air ...... 8-13 effect on distant objects ...... 2-5 compressed air ...... 4-4 effect on size and shape of objects ...... 2-5 helium ...... 4-5 Regulator nitrogen ...... 4-5 cold water ...... 11-3 oxygen ...... 4-4 demand assembly ...... 7-2 5 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-22 single hose ...... 7-2 Rankine temperature scale ...... 2-3 Repetitive dive Rapid alternating movement test ...... 5A-6 definition ...... 9-3 Recirculation system Repetitive dives ...... 9-14 description ...... 17-2 nitrogen-oxygen diving ...... 10-5 maintenance ...... 17-3 Repetitive group designation Recompression definition ...... 9-3 in-water ...... 21-9 Reporting in-water using air ...... 21-10 accidents in-water using oxygen ...... 21-10 criteria ...... 5-11 Recompression chamber required actions ...... 5-11 basic requirements ...... 22-1 equipment failure ...... 5-10 closed-circuit mixed-gas diving ...... 17-15 incidents general operating procedures ...... 22-15 criteria ...... 5-11 minimum manning requirements ...... 21-22 required actions ...... 5-11 modernized chamber ...... 22-6 mishaps/casualty ...... 5-9 optimum manning requirements ...... 21-22 objectives of ...... 5-1 postdive checklist ...... 22-19 surface-supplied air operations ...... 8-35 predive checklist ...... 22-12 Residual nitrogen predive inspection and preparation ...... 8-24 definition ...... 9-3 Residual nitrogen time

Index–12 U.S. Navy Diving Manual definition ...... 9-3 cold water diving ...... 11-2 exception rule ...... 9-22 communication systems ...... 7-32 Residual nitrogen timetable for repetitive air dives . 9-14 environmental protection when using ...... 6-24 mobility ...... 6-24 alveolar/capilary ...... 3-9 open circuit breathing control ...... 3-10 depth limits ...... 6-24 oxygen consumption ...... 3-10 operational characteristics ...... 6-24 phases of ...... 3-5 operational limitations ...... 6-24 respiratory apparatus ...... 3-6 portability of ...... 6-24 respiratory problems in diving ...... 3-11 swimming technique ...... 7-31 respiratory tract ventilation definitions ...... 3-7 Scuba diving upper respiratory tract ...... 3-6 optional equipment ...... 7-10 Respiratory apparatus ...... 3-6 predive procedures ...... 7-21 Respiratory cycle required equipment ...... 7-1 definition of ...... 3-7 Sea cucumbers ...... 5C-22 Respiratory Sea lions ...... 5C-5 definition of ...... 3-9 Sea snakes ...... 5C-16 Respiratory minute volume Sea state definition of ...... 3-8 planning considerations ...... 6-9 Sea urchins ...... 5C-14 definition of ...... 3-9 Sealab Program Respiratory rate Sealab I ...... 1-23 definition of ...... 3-8 Sealab II ...... 1-23 Sealab III ...... 1-23 respiratory tract ventilation definitions ...... 3-7 Search missions the respiratory apparatus ...... 3-6 planning considerations ...... 6-3 upper respiratory tract ...... 3-6 Security swims Reverse squeeze planning considerations ...... 6-4 middle ear ...... 3-25 Semiclosed-circuit scuba sinus ...... 3-26 history of ...... 1-12 treating ...... 19-9 Sensory function assessment ...... 5A-8 RNT Exception Rule ...... 9-22 Sharks ...... 5C-1 Romberg Test ...... 5A-6 Shellfish bacterial and viral diseases from ...... 5C-21 6 paralytic shellfish poisoning ...... 5C-20 Ship Repair Safety Checklist ...... 6-38 Safety discs ...... 7-6 Shock signs and symptoms of ...... 5B-6 planning considerations ...... 6-3 treating ...... 5B-7 Vietnam era ...... 1-30 Siebe, Augustus ...... 1-4 World War II ...... 1-29 Single dive Saturation definition ...... 9-3 of tissues ...... 3-38 Single marked diving ...... 17-16 Saturation diving Single repetitive dive breathing gas requirements ...... 13-8 definition ...... 9-3 Conshelf One ...... 1-22 Single-depth limits ...... 18-13 Conshelf Two ...... 1-22 Sinus deep diving systems ...... 1-24, 15-1 anatomy of ...... 3-23 evolution of ...... 1-21 overpressure ...... 3-26 Genesis Project ...... 1-22 preventing squeeze ...... 3-24, 19-9 Man-in-the-Sea Program ...... 1-22 reverse squeeze ...... 3-26 mission abort ...... 15-35 squeeze ...... 3-23, 19-8 Sealab Program ...... 1-22 treating reverse ...... 19-9 thermal protection system ...... 15-9 Snorkel Unlimited Duration Excursion Tables ...... 15-25 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 Scromboid fish poisoning ...... 5C-19 Solubility ...... 2-28 Scuba effects of temperature on ...... 2-29 buoyancy ...... 6-24 Sonar low frequency ...... 1A-16

Index Index–13 safe diving distance ...... 1A-1, 6-19 transferring a diver to the chamber ...... 8-34 ultrasonic ...... 1A-16 Surface decompression table worksheets ...... 1A-2 using air ...... 9-28 Sound using oxygen ...... 9-22 effects of water depth on ...... 2-7 Surface interval effects of water temperature on ...... 2-7 definition ...... 9-3 transmission ...... 2-7 Surface swimming Sound pressure level ...... 1A-1 scuba ...... 7-29 Spinal accessory nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 Surface-supplied diving Sponges ...... 5C-18 breathing gas requirements ...... 13-8 Squeeze depth limits ...... 6-24 body ...... 3-25, 19-8 origins of ...... 1-1 external ear ...... 3-24, 3-25, 19-8 Surface-Supplied Diving Operations Predive face ...... 3-25, 19-9 Checklist ...... 6-38 middle ear ...... 3-21, 19-8 Surface-supplied diving systems preventing ...... 19-9 buoyancy ...... 6-25 sinus ...... 3-23, 19-8 effect of ice conditions on ...... 11-5 suit ...... 19-9 environmental protection when using ...... 6-25 thoracic ...... 3-25, 19-8 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-4 tooth ...... 3-24, 19-9 mobility ...... 6-25 treating ...... 19-9 operational characteristics ...... 6-25 Stage depth operational limitations ...... 6-25 definition ...... 9-2 Swim fins Standard Air Decompression Table ...... 9-12 predive inspection for scuba operations . . . . . 7-23 Standby diver air requirements ...... 8-15 7 closed-circuit mixed-gas dives ...... 17-14 deploying as a working diver ...... 6-32 Technical program managers ice/cold water diving ...... 11-10 diving apparatus ...... 4-2 qualifications ...... 6-32 shore based systems ...... 4-2 Stapes ...... 3-22, 3-27, 3-28 Temperature Stillson, George D...... 1-26 as a planning consideration ...... 6-9 Stingrays ...... 5C-9 Celsius scale ...... 2-3 Storage depth ...... 15-25 converting Celsius to Kelvin ...... 2-3 compression to ...... 15-24 converting Fahrenheit to Rankine ...... 2-3 selecting ...... 15-15 Fahrenheit scale ...... 2-3 Subcutaneous emphysema ...... 3-30, 19-6 Kelvin scale ...... 2-3 treating ...... 19-6 regulating body ...... 3-47 Submarine salvage and rescue wind chill factor ...... 6-12 Deep Submergence Systems Project ...... 1-29 Tended diving ...... 17-17 USS F-4 ...... 1-26 Tending USS S-4 ...... 1-27 ice/cold water diving ...... 11-10 USS S-51 ...... 1-27 surface-supplied diver ...... 8-31 USS Squalus ...... 1-28 with no surface line ...... 7-37 USS Thresher ...... 1-28 with surface or buddy line ...... 7-36 Submersible wrist watch Territorial waters predive inspection ...... 7-23 operating in ...... 6-20 scuba requirements ...... 7-1 Thermal pollution Successive oxygen dives as a planning consideration ...... 6-17 definition ...... 18-17 Thermal problems in diving exposure limits ...... 18-16 excessive heat (hyperthermia) ...... 3-49, 19-14 Suit squeeze ...... 19-9 excessive heat loss Suits (hypothermia) ...... 3-47, 14-1, 19-14 hot water ...... 11-6 physiological effects of exposure to cold ice/cold water diving ...... 11-5 water ...... 19-15 protection from sonar ...... 1A-2 regulating body temperature ...... 3-47 variable volume dry ...... 11-6 Thermal protection system Superior vena cava ...... 3-2 saturation diving ...... 15-9 Surface decompression

Index–14 U.S. Navy Diving Manual Thomson, Elihu ...... 1-16 breathing technique ...... 7-30 Thoracic squeeze ...... 3-25, 19-8 ...... 11-9 Tidal volume closed-circuit mixed-gas diving ...... 17-19 definition of ...... 3-8 closed-circuit oxygen diving ...... 18-26 Tides and currents hose and mouthpiece clearing ...... 7-30 as a planning consideration ...... 6-14 mask clearing ...... 7-30 Tinnitus ...... 3-26, 3-36, 17-38, 18-2, 19-4 movement on the bottom ...... 8-26 Tissues searching on the bottom ...... 8-27 desaturation of ...... 3-41 tending ...... 11-10 saturation of ...... 3-38 working around corners ...... 8-28 Tools working inside a wreck ...... 8-28 working with ...... 7-37, 8-30 working near lines or moorings ...... 8-29 Tooth squeeze ...... 3-24, 19-9 Underwater ship husbandry Total lung capacity diver training and qualification requirements . . 6-3 definition of ...... 3-8 objective of ...... 6-2 Tourniquet ...... 5B-4 procedures...... 8-29 Toxic fish ...... 5C-7 repair requirements ...... 6-2 Transfer lock ...... 22-6 training program requirements ...... 6-3 Transit Unlimited Duration Excursion Tables ...... 15-25 transit with excursion limits definition ...... 18-14 Unlimited/Decompression tables Transit with excursion limits ...... 18-13 No-Decompression Limits and Repetitive definitions ...... 18-14 Group Designation Table for inadvertent excursions ...... 18-15 Unlimited/No-Decompression rules ...... 18-15 Air Dives ...... 9-11 Transportable recompression chamber system . . . 22-6 Unlimited/No-Decompression Limits and Repetitive Trigeminal nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 Group Designation Table for Trochlear nerve assessment ...... 5A-6 Unlimited/No-Decompression Turbidity ...... 2-6 Air Dives ...... 9-11 Upper respiratory tract ...... 3-6 8 USS F-4 salvage of ...... 1-26 Unconsciousness USS S-4 unconscious diver on the bottom . . . 14-26, 19-12 salvage of ...... 1-27 Uncontrolled ascent ...... 19-16 USS S-51 treating ...... 21-7 salvage of ...... 1-27 Underwater conditions USS Squalus ...... 1-28 adapting to ...... 7-37, 8-26 USS Thresher Underwater construction salvage of ...... 1-28 diver training and qualification requirements . . . 6-5 equipment requirements ...... 6-5 9 planning considerations ...... 6-5 planning resources ...... 6-5 Vagus nerve assessment ...... 5A-7 Underwater explosions ...... 2-8, 6-19 ...... 3-23, 3-26 effect of water depth on ...... 2-8, 3-46 Variable volume dry suits ...... 11-6 effects of location of explosive charge ...... 2-8 Venomous fish ...... 5C-6 effects of the seabed on ...... 2-8 VENTIDC ...... 3-36, 17-38, 18-2, 19-4, 21-19 effects on submerged divers ...... 2-9, 3-46 Ventilation formula for estimating explosion recompression chamber ...... 22-16 pressure on a diver ...... 2-9 Ventricle ...... 3-2 physiological hazards from ...... 3-45 Venules ...... 3-2 protecting diver from ...... 2-7, 2-10 Vertigo ...... 3-22 protecting divers from ...... 3-46 and inner ear dysfunction ...... 3-26 type of explosive and size of the charge ...... 2-8 persistent ...... 19-12 Underwater obstacles symptoms ...... 3-26 as a planning consideration ...... 6-17 transient Underwater procedures alternobaric ...... 3-26, 3-27, 14-26, 19-11 adapting to conditions ...... 7-37, 8-26 caloric ...... 3-22, 19-11 bottom checks ...... 8-29 Vestibular apparatus ...... 3-26

Index Index–15 Vital capacity Worksheets definition of ...... 3-8 Dive Record Sheet ...... 17-17 Dive Worksheet for Repetitive 0.7 ata : Constant Partial Pressure Oxygen in Nitrogen Dives ...... 17-23 Water Entry ...... 8-24 Diving Safety and Planning Checklist ...... 6-38 Water entry Emergency Assistance Checklist ...... 6-48 from the beach ...... 7-28 Environmental Assessment Worksheet ...... 6-9 rear roll method ...... 7-28 Recompression Chamber Postdive Checklist 22-19 step-in method ...... 7-28 Recompression Chamber Predive Checklist 22-12 Weather Repetitive Dive Worksheet ...... 9-14 as a planning consideration ...... 6-1 Ship Repair Safety Checklist ...... 6-34, 6-38 Weight belt Surface-Supplied Diving Operations predive inspection ...... 7-23 Predive Checklist ...... 6-38 Wet suits ...... 11-5 Wrecks Wind chill working inside ...... 8-28 as a planning consideration ...... 6-12

Index–16 U.S. Navy Diving Manual