Planning for Better Noise and Health Outcomes in the City of Cockburn

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Planning for Better Noise and Health Outcomes in the City of Cockburn Planning for Better Noise and Health Outcomes in the City of Cockburn cockburn.wa.gov.au City of Cockburn’s Noise Attenuation Policy Policy and Guidelines describe: • When to engage an Acoustic Consultant • Reporting processes for Planning, Building • Clarifies requirements for the City of Cockburn in accordance with: o Environmental Protection (Noise) Regs (EPNRs) o SPP 4.1 – State Industrial Buffer o EPA Guidance No. 3 Separation Distances Between Industrial & Sensitive Land Uses o SPP 5.3 – Jandakot Airport Vicinity o SPP 5.4 - Road & Rail Transport Noise • Clarifies that amenity considerations are required for planning applications Where is the City of Cockburn? City of Fremantle City of Melville City of Canning City of Gosnells 8km south of Fremantle 24 km City of south of Armadale Perth Shire of City of Kwinana Serpentine Jarrahdale Mixed Use Development Areas ‘Intensive Mixed Use Community Areas’ • Transport Noise (SPP5.3 and SPP5.4) • What about other intrusive noise?? o Industrial and/or Commercial Noise Sources (EPNRs and SPP4.1) o Ambient Noise . ‘Vibrant’ Town Centre Notification on Title? Cockburn Central West 8.5.2 Road Noise 8.5.1 Land Use Generated Noise… Cockburn Central West Midgegooroo Road Cockburn Central West • Land Use Generated Noise?? o Pre-Existing Industrial and New Commercial Noise Sources Midgegooroo Road Midgegooroo (EPNRs/SPP4.1) Industrial Area o Noise Emissions from Proposed Development (EPNRs) o Future Ambient Noise?? o What about the ARC?? . Isn’t exempt noise still intrusive? Cockburn Aquatic and Recreation Centre Whistle Blow Mechanical Plant Noise NB: Gabriels Environmental Design are now called Gabriels Hearne Farrell Farrington Road Infill Development North Lake Roe Highway Lakes Revitalisation Strategy and Scheme Amendment Kwinana • Project aims to guide residential Freeway infill across South Lake and parts of Bibra Lake and North North Bibra Lake Lake Road Lake • Scheme Amendment to “Recode” to higher density South Lake • Project Area affected by numerous Transport Corridors Freight Rail Line Transport Noise Impact Assessment Purpose: • Assess transport noise impacts • Determine if noise requirements could guide rezoning Bibra Lake Noise and Vibration Assessment included: Monitoring Sites • Broad uncalibrated modelling for road noise due to size of project area • Noise and vibration measurements for freight rail line undertaken in one area • Discussion of how built form and topography affected noise levels Transport Noise Impact Assessment Outcome: • Higher noise areas, greater acoustic benefit in larger buildings (shielding) R20/R30 2 Storey 3D Model • Larger buildings had limited Vibration Monitoring acoustic benefit where noise 20m from Track levels were lower 100dB 90dB BUT – need to consider other planning 80dB principals for increasing density in 70dB these areas… 60dB and how development will actually 50dB occur… 40dB More investigation recommended 30dB Freight Rail Noise Monitoring Freight Rail Noise & Vibration Assessment Criteria Image Below: Noise and Vibration Monitoring • SPP5.4 – using the Freight and Locations Logistics Council Model (LAeq mean + SD; LAmax mean + SD) • Vibration Criteria AS2670.2:1990 Freight Rail Noise & Vibration Assessment 100dB 90dB (mm/s) , dB , 80dB r.m.s Aeq L 70dB 60dB Velocity, 50dB Frequency (Hz) LAeq, 5min, dB 37 Meller Road Noise Measurements 37 Meller Road Vibration Measurements Noise Monitoring Vibration Monitoring 37 Meller Road 142 Bibra Lake 14 6 139 Freight Rail Noise & Vibration Assessment Freight Train Noise Investigation Outcome 300m setback indication 300m setback indication Freight Rail Noise & Vibration Assessment Freight Train Vibration Investigation Outcome Freight Rail Noise & Vibration Assessment Freight Rail Noise Area Special Control Areas: a planning tool for where the use or development of land must be specially controlled. The area is subject to special controls under the Town Planning Scheme that apply irrespective of the lot zoning. FRNA – requires a DA for single dwellings, additions, grouped/multi-dwellings (irrespective of normal exemptions under R-Codes) which must then implement: a) Notification on Title; and either b) Deemed to Satisfy Packages; or c) Development specific Acoustic Report • The proposed FRNA LPP allows the City some discretion concerning vibration attenuation… Freight Rail Noise – SPP5.4 vs FLCWA model Lakes Scheme Amendment – Implementing Recommendations Using FLCWA Model with LAmax and LAeq (mean average + SD) Using SPP 5.4 Model LAeq only (mean average + SD) PatriciaName Surname Orr SeniorPosition Environmental / Title Health Officer HealthQualifications Services TT 0808 94119411 34443444 EE [email protected]@cockburn.wa.gov.au cockburn.wa.gov.aucockburn.wa.gov.au.
Recommended publications
  • Cultural Plan
    APPENDIX 12 ATTACHMENT 1 Cultural Plan 2021 - 2025 This plan is available upon request in alternative languages and formats upon request. joondalup.wa.gov.au ii City of Joondalup – Cultural Plan 2021 City of Joondalup – Cultural Plan 2021 iii Contents Executive Summary ............ iv Context .............................. 4 Culture in the City of Joondalup .............. 8 Developing the Plan ............ 14 The Plan ............................ 17 Reviewing the Plan and Monitoring Progress ........... 23 The City acknowledges the custodians of this land, the Whadjuk Noongar and their Elders past, present and emerging. The City acknowledges and respects their continuing culture and the contribution they make to the life of this city and this region. iv City of Joondalup – Cultural Plan 2021 Executive Summary Since its early days, the City has developed a The resulting Cultural Plan has been developed to reputation for managing high quality cultural respond to these community sentiments, increasing destinations, assets and events, many of which access to the arts, and embedding cultural moments appeal to visitors from the wider Perth metropolitan in everyday life. The Plan provides strategic direction area. In doing so the City has successfully for the City of Joondalup’s activities for the period of demonstrated how culture plays a significant 2021 - 2025, ensuring investment is directed towards role in visitor and resident attraction, community the programming and infrastructure most valued cohesiveness and quality of life. by the community. This includes strategic initiatives which grow the City’s cultural capacity and audience, From its inception as a newly formed local in consideration of future plans for signficant cultural government in the late 1990s, the City of Joondalup infrastructure including the proposed Joondalup has successfully implemented cultural events such as Performing Arts Facility.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Community Plan 2019-2029 2 City of Kwinana Contents
    Strategic Community Plan 2019-2029 2 City of Kwinana Contents 5 Message from the Mayor 6 The City of Kwinana 8 Our Community Profile 10 Our Economic Profile 12 Our integrated planning framework 13 How decisions are made 14 The structure of the Strategic Community Plan 14 Community visioning 16 Our vision for the future 18 Aspiration 1 – Rich in spirit 22 Aspiration 2 – Alive with opportunities 26 Aspiration 3 – Surrounded by nature 28 Aspiration 4 – It’s all here 33 How will we know if the plan is succeeding? 34 Measures Strategic Community Plan 2019-2029 3 To ensure our vision has remained in line with the growing and changing population, we have gone back to the Kwinana community and asked the question: ‘are the priorities that have been identified still a focus in the community?’. 4 City of Kwinana Message from the Mayor Welcome to the Strategic Community Plan 2019 -2029, the guiding document for the City of Kwinana over the next 10 years. It is with great pleasure that I present the City’s Strategic Community Plan. To ensure our vision has remained in line with the growing and changing population, we have gone back to the Kwinana community and asked the question: ‘are the priorities that have been identified still a focus in the community?’. Over 910 responses were received, helping the City to further prioritise the community aspirations you will see in this Plan: Rich in Spirit; Alive with Opportunities; Surrounded by Nature; It’s All Here. It is an incredible responsibility to plan for the social, environmental and economic future of a whole City, a responsibility that all local governments are required to demonstrate through their Strategic Community Plan.
    [Show full text]
  • Metropolitan Area Recreation Advisory Group Minutes
    Metropolitan Area Recreation Advisory Group Minutes Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries 264 Vincent Street, Leederville Thursday 4 July 2019 – 11am 1.0 WELCOME, ATTENDANCE AND APOLOGIES 1.1 Welcome Patrick Quigley welcomed attendees to the inaugural meeting of the Metropolitan Area Recreation Advisory Group (MARAG). Patrick advised that the aim of MARAG was to provide leadership, coordination, advocacy and strategic direction relevant to the development and operation of metropolitan sport and recreation facilities, programs, services and projects. 1.2 Attending Patrick Quigley - City of South Perth David Bruce - City of Bayswater Marissa MacDonald - WALGA Jonelle Morley – DLGSC Alyce Atkinson – DLGSC Clayton White - DLGSC Leith Fradd – PLAWA Colby Halpin – City of Armadale Courtney Amlett – Town of Cambridge Dean Burton – City of Cockburn Tim Dayman – Town of Bassendean Salvatore Siciliano – Town of Bassendean Dan Barber – City of Bayswater Rachael Rowcroft – City of Gosnells Shane Fraser – City of Joondalup Stewart Winfield – Shire of Mundaring Amanda Cronin - City of Nedlands Sam Hegney – City of Rockingham Jason Parker- Shire of Serpentine-Jarrahdale Jess Fordham – City of South Perth Julie Rechichi – City of Subiaco Amy Fuller – City of Subiaco Michael Hayes – City of Subiaco Sarah Perkins – City of Swan Sarah Kitis – Town of Victoria Park Wayne Grimes – City of Vincent Sandra Watson – City of Vincent Samantha Culliver – City of Wanneroo Craig Bartlett – City of Wanneroo Wayne Stuart – City of Wanneroo Dan
    [Show full text]
  • 10.1.1 Local Government Reform - Update
    COUNCIL MEETING 15 December 2014 10.1.1 LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM - UPDATE ATTACHMENTS 1. Letter Local Government Advisory Board 2. Media Statement Funding Package for Reforming Local Government 3. Media Statements Landmark Reports Sets Out New Look for Metro Perth 4. Local Government Advisory Board Notice Right to Request A Poll 5. Information Sheet Proposed City of Riversea Landmark report sets out new look for metro Perth Wednesday, 22 October 2014 Release of the Local Government Advisory Board report on metropolitan local government reform Board recommends Perth’s 30 councils be reduced to 16 Minister accepts all but two of the report’s boundary recommendations in the biggest shake-up of local government in 100 years Government to introduce City of Perth Act to reflect capital’s status New local governments will have increased financial sustainability and capacity to cope with Perth’s population growth The State Government today released the Local Government Advisory Board report, which provides the framework for the most significant reform of metropolitan local government in 100 years. Of the report's boundary recommendations for metropolitan Perth, Local Government Minister Tony Simpson has accepted all but two, those for the City of Perth/City of Vincent and the proposed City of Riversea, which includes five western suburbs councils. The Minister has rejected the Board’s recommendation for the City of Perth, on the basis that key icons such as The University of Western Australia (UWA) and the Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre (QEII), were not included. As a result of the flow-on effects from City of Perth changes, he has also rejected the recommendation for the proposed City of Riversea, which includes five western suburbs councils.
    [Show full text]
  • ECM 4772455 V15 Elected Members Functions and Events
    Council Policy - BEXB5.8 Elected Member Registers - Other City of Belmont Elected Members' Function and Events Attendance Register Period: 22/10/2019-24/08/2021 Name Position Ward Event/ Function Name Event/ Function Host Date Time Description Philip Marks Mayor East Citizenship Ceremony City of Belmont 11/09/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Staff Farewell Function Robin Garrett City of Belmont 02/09/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Ascot Kayak Club Breakfast Ascot Kayak Club 22/08/2020 09:00 to 10:30 Staff Farewell Function Tony Fairhurst and Rohit Philip Marks Mayor East City of Belmont 21/08/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Das Philip Marks Mayor East Citizenship Ceremony City of Belmont 14/08/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Staff Farewell Function James Pol City of Belmont 05/08/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Citizenship Ceremony City of Belmont 13/03/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Grant Workshop City of Belmont 12/03/2020 17:45 to 18:15 Philip Marks Mayor East Citizenship Ceremony City of Belmont 28/02/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Reception for the Birthday of His Majesty the Philip Marks Mayor East Consul-General of Japan in Australia 20/02/2020 18:30 to 20:30 Emperor of Japan Philip Marks Mayor East WALGA President's Farewell Cocktails City of Belmont 19/02/2020 17:30 to 19:30 Philip Marks Mayor East Kidz Fest City of Belmont 15/02/2020 11:00 to 17:00 Philip Marks Mayor East Citizenship Ceremony City of Belmont 14/02/2020 17:00 to 18:30 Opening and Welcome to Residents at Vantage Philip Marks Mayor East Vantage Riverside Apartments 13/02/2020 17:30 to 20:30 Apartments Workshop to 'Have a say in how flight paths are Philip Marks Mayor East Airservices Australia 06/02/2020 18:00 to 20:30 designed' Philip Marks Mayor East Annual Trophy Presentations Belmont Maters Swimming Club Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Ordinary Council Meeting
    Ordinary Council Meeting 8 May 2019 Minutes Members of the public who attend Council meetings should not act immediately on anything they hear at the meetings, without first seeking clarification of Council’s position. Persons are advised to wait for written advice from the Council prior to taking action on any matter that they may have before Council. Agendas and Minutes are available on the City’s website www.kwinana.wa.gov.au City of Kwinana Minutes for the Ordinary Council Meeting held on 8 May 2019 2 Vision Statement Kwinana 2030 Rich in spirit, alive with opportunities, surrounded by nature - it’s all here! Mission Strengthen community spirit, lead exciting growth, respect the environment - create great places to live. We will do this by - ● providing strong leadership in the community; ● promoting an innovative and integrated approach; ● being accountable and transparent in our actions; ● being efficient and effective with our resources; ● using industry leading methods and technology wherever possible; ● making informed decisions, after considering all available information; and ● providing the best possible customer service. Values We will demonstrate and be defined by our core values, which are: ● Lead from where you stand - Leadership is within us all. ● Act with compassion - Show that you care. ● Make it fun - Seize the opportunity to have fun. ● Stand Strong, stand true - Have the courage to do what is right. ● Trust and be trusted - Value the message, value the messenger. ● Why not yes? - Ideas can grow with a yes. City
    [Show full text]
  • The Complete Process for Building and Upgrading Roads in Western Australia And; Roads in the Southern River Electorate
    Arteries of Life: The Complete Process for Building and Upgrading Roads in Western Australia and; Roads in the Southern River Electorate By Gary Payne Prepared for Peter Abetz Executive Summary The purpose of this report was to examine the process for building and upgrading roads in Metropolitan Western Australia, and to review previous road projects in the Southern River Electorate on certain roads. Research for this report included a review of current literature from a number of sources, as well as two interviews of key persons in the road building industry and a number of email inquiries to road building authorities. In Part A, all of these findings have been organised into a road building process. The initial idea for a road project can come from a great many sources, but these are often confined to government and intergovernmental bodies. A road is legally planned by an amendment of the Metropolitan Regional Planning scheme, and Local Planning Schemes. The process for amending the schemes differ with the size of a road project. But a project needs to be funded if it is to become reality. There are processes in place to ensure that money is redistributed from those people who use the system, to those that maintain it. There are a number of strategies to deliver a project, but most use the private sector in some way. To fairly include and harness these contractors, a tendering process has been set up by Main Roads and Local Government. The design of a project is massively important to eventually assess its success.
    [Show full text]
  • LG301* LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1995 City of Subiaco Under The
    LG301* LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACT 1995 City of Subiaco PARKING FACILITIES AMENDMENT LOCAL LAW 2015 Under the powers conferred by the Local Government Act 1995 and under all other powers enabling it, the Council of the City of Subiaco resolved on 22 March 2016 to make the “City of Subiaco Parking Facilities Amendment Local Law 2015”. 1. Citation This local law may be cited as the “City of Subiaco Parking Facilities Amendment Local Law 2015”. 2. Commencement This local law comes into operation 14 days after the date of its publication in the Government Gazette. 3. Principal Local Law This local law amends the City of Subiaco Parking Facilities Local Laws as published in the Government Gazette of 8 August 1997 and as amended in the Government Gazette on 15 January 1999, 14 December 2001 and 3 October 2006. 4. Clause 1.3 amended Clause 1.3 is amended by— 4.1 deleting the following definitions— “bus”; “coin”; “commercial vehicle”; “courier vehicle”; “motor car”; “motor cycle”; “taxi”; “ticket issuing machine”; “tour coach”. 4.2 inserting the following definitions in alphabetical order— “authorised vehicle” means a vehicle authorised by the Local Government or an authorised person to park on a road or parking station or any portion thereof; “bicycle lane” has the meaning given to it in the Code; “bus” has the meaning given to it in the Code; “caravan” means a vehicle, whether motorised or drawn by another vehicle, that is fitted or designed for habitation by a person in the course of a journey, but excludes a motor car that has been fitted or adapted
    [Show full text]
  • Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 Aims to Support Increased Biodiversity and the Conservation of Native Fauna and Fauna Habitat Within the Local Environment
    Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014 – 2019 www.subiaco.wa.gov.au Goal statement The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 aims to support increased biodiversity and the conservation of native fauna and fauna habitat within the local environment. Acknowledgements The city would like to thank Danielle Bowler from the City of Joondalup, Tamara Kabat from Bird Life Australia, Mathew Swan from the Department of Parks and Wildlife and Jake Tanner from the City of Fremantle for assisting with the development of this plan. The City of Subiaco is committed to protecting the global environment through local action. By printing this publication on Australian made 100 per cent recycled paper, the city aims to conserve the resources of the city. The document is available via the Internet at www.subiaco.wa.gov.au TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of contents Executive summary 4 Key definitions 5 Introduction 6 Wildlife conservation and enhancement 7 Parks, reserves and street trees 7 Wetlands 7 Greenways and remnant bushland areas 8 Aboriginal cultural significance 8 Community education 8 Management of identified risks 10 Climate change 10 Feral animals 10 Domestic animals 10 Plant pathogens 10 Resources and useful links 11 References 12 Appendix A: Fauna list 13 Photo courtesy of Margaret Owen CITY OF SUBIACO 2014 –2019 WILDLIFE ENHANCEMENT PLAN | 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Executive summary The Wildlife Enhancement Plan 2014–2019 aims to support increased biodiversity and the conservation of native fauna and fauna habitat within the city’s local environment. The plan includes actions to enhance wildlife conservation, as well as provide education and participation opportunities for the community.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY AWARDS CHILDREN • ENVIRONMENT • HEALTH 2019 SHOWCASE Images Courtesy Of: PHAIWA This Work Is Copyright
    THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY AWARDS CHILDREN • ENVIRONMENT • HEALTH 2019 SHOWCASE Images courtesy of: PHAIWA This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from PHAIWA. To obtain further copies of this publication you can contact the following: PHAIWA GPO Box U1987 Perth WA 6845 Website: www.phaiwa.org.au Email: [email protected] Phone: (08) 9266 2489 Note the document may be accessed electronically from: www.phaiwa.org.au © November 2019 Public Health Advocacy Institute WA Acknowledgements PHAIWA would like to thank The Minister for Local Government; Heritage; Culture and the Arts, Healthway, the WA Local Government Association, the Commissioner for Children and Young People WA, Cancer Council WA and The Alcohol and Drug Foundation for their support and financial contributions towards the development and implementation of the Local Government Policy Awards. Finally, PHAIWA would like to sincerely thank all Local Government Officers and representatives for their outstanding nominations. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY AWARDS CHILDREN • ENVIRONMENT • HEALTH 2019 SHOWCASE CONTENTS A NOTE FROM OUR SUPPORTERS 2 THE POLICY AWARDS 4 ABOUT THE PUBLIC HEALTH ADVOCACY 4 INSTITUTE WA BACKGROUND TO THE CHILDREN’S ENVIRONMENT 4 AND HEALTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT POLICY AWARDS CATEGORIES 4 WHY A REPORT CARD? 4 NUMBER OF SUBMISSIONS 5 CITY OF SWAN OVERALL WINNER 7 CITY OF BUSSELTON REGIONAL WINNER 8 OVERALL CATEGORY WINNERS 10 ABORIGINAL CHILD HEALTH
    [Show full text]
  • Recognising Local Government Leaders and Representatives For
    Honours 2020 Recognising Local Government leaders and representatives for their considerable contributions to the sector and their communities Local Government Honours 2020 2020 Honours Recipients 3 Mayor Tracey Roberts JP President WA Local Government Association In a year such as 2020 – when tragic world events I’d like to acknowledge our Local Government have dominated our news feed – the value of Medal recipient Lynne Craigie OAM who has “community” has never been more important. given many years of service to both the WA During these unprecedented times, strong and Local Government Association and also to her committed community leadership has become local community of East Pilbara. Lynne’s inclusive critical in the efforts to expedite business and leadership style has been an inspiration to many economic recovery at the local level. of us, and her ability to negotiate with all levels of government has seen numerous major financial Despite the widespread impact of the COVID-19 windfalls for individual Local Governments, pandemic, we have seen stories appear everywhere particularly in regard to road funding. demonstrating the compassion of our neighbours in helping those less fortunate. Congratulations to our four Eminent Service Award winners Frank Cvitan, Barry Sammels, We are incredibly fortunate in Local Government to Norm Trenfield and Olwen Searle. All of you are have always had a high calibre of people working outstanding examples of community leaders who to improve our quality of life in so many ways, every have dedicated many years to improving the lives day, both before and during this pandemic. of others. The 2020 Honours Program recognises our Our Local Government Distinguished Officers leaders who, through many years of hard work and Award winners John Beaton, Gail Ipsen Cutts and personal commitment, have created communities Jim Epis have all worked above and beyond the that thrive and prosper, even in the face of global call of duty to improve opportunities and facilities adversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Register of Gifts and Contributions to Travel
    Form 4 Local Government Act 1995 Local Government (Administration) Regulations 1996 REGISTER OF GIFTS AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO TRAVEL 1. Gifts Section 5.82 of the Local Government Act 1995 Name of relevant Description of gift Name of person Address of person who Date gift was Estimated Nature of relationship person making who made gift made gift received value of gift between relevant disclosure at time it was person and person who made made gift Matthew Rowse, Ticket to 2019 Town Teams Creating 100 Jersey St 10/7/2019 $495.00 Ms Anderson is an Councillor Conference on Friday 13 Communities Jolimont WA 6014 'Activation Leader' who I September at 45 Murray St, Australia Australia have worked with closely Perth since 2013. (Accepted and retained by myself) Carol Adams, Mayor Travel and lunch Taipei Computer 3F, No. 2, Sec.3, Bade Road 28/3/2019 $40.00 Nil Association Songshan District, (Accepted and retained by Taipei City 60558 myself) Taiwan Mathew Smith, Manager Lunch and Travel South West Group 10 Almondbury Rd 28/3/2019 $40.00 Part of the SWG Information Technology Booragoon WA 6154 (Accepted and retained by Australia myself) City of Kwinana - Form 4 - Register of Gifts and Contributions to Travel 1/7/2015 to 19/10/2019 Printed 7/4/2020 | Page 1 of 7 Carol Adams, Mayor Travel, Lunch and Coffee Taipei Computer 3F, No. 2, Sec.3, Bade Road 27/3/2019 $40.00 Nil beverage Association Songshan District, Taipei City 60558 (Accepted and retained by Taiwan myself) Mathew Smith, Manager Travel and Lunch South West Group 10 Almondbury Rd 27/3/2019 $40.00 Part of the SWG Information Technology Booragoon WA 6154 (Accepted and retained by Australia myself) Carol Adams, Mayor Taxi Fare Taipei Computer 3F, No.
    [Show full text]