J.M. POWELL Cronartium Comandrae in Canada, Its Distribution and Hosts

130 VOL. 50, N0.4, CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. DEC., 1970

CRONARTIUM COMANDRAE IN CANADA, ITS DISTRIBUTION AND HOSTS

Abstract

Distribution maps and reports of Cronartium comandrae Pk. on the coniferous hosts Pinus banksiana, P. contorta, P. pon erosa P s lvestris and the alternanosts Comandya umbellata- ssp.dumbelia&,h: allida, and Geocaulon lividum are presented for Canada. C. comandrae Eccurs in all provinces and territories except Newfoundland,-Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island, although native or introduced hosts do occur in these areas. New records of C. comandrae on P. contorta in Saskatchewan. on C. umbellata ssp. umbellata -in Saskatchewan-and Manitoba, and on 5. lividum in Ontario and Saskatchewan, are reported. There is doubt about an earlier record of the rust on C. umbellata- from the Northwest Territories.

Introduction Comandra blister rust caused by material. Information from the Forest Insect Cronartium comandrae Pk. has been reported on and Disease Surveys, Canadian Forestry one introduced and eleven native hard pine Service, have also been used extensively for species in North America (8,151, ranging from compilation of the distribution maps, New Brunswick to the Yukon and southward to especially in the Prairie and British Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, New Mexico, Columbia Regions , where such surveys have and California. It has not been found in been quite thorough. Intensive surveys were Alaska or Mexico although susceptible pines also carried out by the author in Alberta and occur there. The uredial and telial states southwestern Saskatchewan. The alternate of the rust have been recorded over a similar host genus Comandra has recently been range on the alternate hosts, Comandra and modified by Piehl (17) to include four sub- Geocaulon of the family Santalaceae. A species of one species (C. umbellata) instead generalized distribution map for C. comandrae of five species, while he confirms Fernald's on Pinus spp. and Comandra spp. in North (11) study of separating Geocaulon lividum AmerGas recently published by Krebill from the genus Comandra. I attempted to (13). Information on the hosts and follow Piehl's arrangement of the sub-species distribution of C. comandrae in Canada is by using his distribution map, but this was scattered. To- date, the rust has been not totally satisfactory as he indicates reported on three native and one introduced large intermediate zones between some of the hard pine species, and on both alternate host subspecies, e.g. a wide band across the genera in Canada. This waper attempts to Prairies between ssp. pallida and ssp. bring together the information and to report umbellata. recent collections which have extended the known distribution of the rust in Canada.

Materials and methods Hosts and distribution Arthur's Manual of the rusts in the United States and Canada (2) has been used as REPORTS OF THE RUST ON ITS VARIOUS HOSTS IN the base reference for information on CANADA distribution and hosts in Canada. More recent references on distribution have been -Pinus banksiana Lamb. gathered from the literature. Arthur (2) reported that 2. comandrae All the Cronartium comandrae materials occurred on this host in Alberta and have been seen or information on them Saskatchewan. It has also been reported obtained from the following herbaria from New Brunswick (lo), Quebec (18), (Herbarium codes follow Lanjouw and Stafleu Ontario (7), Manitoba (22), and the [14]): ALTA, BPI, CFB, DAOM, DAVFP, FFB, Northwest Territories (4). MFB, MONT, NY, PUR, QFB, QMP, SASK, UBC, WIN, WINF (14) , WSP, MacDonald College, (Ste. Anne Pinus contorta Dougl. de Bellevue, Que.,) and many of the regional laboratories of the United States Forest Reported in Alberta (2) , British Columbia Service, some of which contain Canadian (25) and the Yukon (16). Pinus ponderosa Laws. Research Scientist, Canadian Forestry Service, Department of Fisheries and Arthur (2) reported it from British Forestry, Edmonton, Alberta. Columbi a. VOL.50, NO.4, CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. DEC., 1970 131 pinus sylvestris L. north in Saskatchewan and Manitoba than present collections indicate (Fig. 1). The The rust has been reported on this rust extends across the Prairie grassland introduced pine from Manitoba (241, areas on C. umbellata ssp. palli$t through Saskatchewan (12) and Alberta (21). infections of the repetitive ure la1 state. Infections were often found more than one Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. umbellata hundred miles from the nearest pine source Piehl ( C. umbellata; 2. richardsiana). (Figs. 1 and 2). In eastern Canada, intensive surveys seem to be lacking and this Arthur (2) reported that the rust probably accounts for much of the non- occurred on this host in Ontario and continuous distribution. Local epidemics Quebec. have been reported and in one case a plantation suffered considerable damage (9 . Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. pallida Only one collection of the rust has been made (A.DC.)Piehl ( -C. pallida). in the Maritimes, despite considerable examination of pines and searching for the Arthur (2) reported it from Alberta, alternate host (G.A. Van Sickle, 1969, British Columbia, Saskatchewan, and the personal communication). There are no Northwest Territories. Bisby (5) records from Newfoundland or along the north reported its occurrence in Manitoba, and shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, east of Conners (7) in Ontario. latitude 65" . Natural stands of the Dine host art: absent in this area (6), but Geocaulon lividum (Richardson) Fernald. Comandra does occur (17) and susceptible pines have been introduced. Arthur (2) gave the distribution on this host (cited as Comandra livida) as New provincial distribution records for Manitoba and Quebec. ZillerMolnar the rust include two specimens (CFB (26) reported its occurrence in British 8406,8407) collected in 1968 on P. contorta Columbia, Molnar (16) in the Yukon, and in the Cypress Hills, SaskatcFewan. Two Baranyay et al. (4) in Alberta. Baranyay collections on C. richardsiana from Manitoba and Bourchier (3) collected it in 1962 in and Saskatchewan are in UBC (82625 and the Northwest Territories, although the 868771, and two others in WINF(M) (1746,3712) host was reported as Comandra. on C. richardsiana or C. umbellata are probsblymumbelrata ssp. umbellata DISTRIBUTION OF THE RUST IN CANADA, INCLUDING or an intermediate-between ssp. umbellata and NEW RECORDS ssp,. allida A collection made in 1937 by D.V. 'Baxter (DAOM 5558 and PUR 48514) from Fisures 1 and 3 show the distribution of Great Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, and C. comandrae on Pinus spp., and Figures 2 and labelled Comandra sp. proved to be 5. its distributia Comandra and Geocaulon lividum, which is the earliest collection on in western and eastern Canada. C. comandrae this host from that area. An unreported would appear to be more prevalent-in western specimen on G. lividum from Ontario is in Canada, where the distribution of the hosts DAOM (76368r, XZ7i specimen was collected is more continuous. Surveys have also been from Deception Lake, Saskatchewan, in 1969 more extensive in western Canada, especially (WINF(M) 12039). This host has a northern in southern Alberta where the author has been distribution and only just enters the United studying various aspects of the aerobiology States where infected specimens have been of the rust since 1964 (20). Generally, the collected only in Wisconsin (2), Idaho (BPI, northern distribution line for Canada on NY, and Pacific Northwest Forest Q Krebill's map (13) does not extend far enough Ra.Exp.Sta., Portland, Oregon), and Washinton north, especially in the Yukon and Northwest (BPI, DAOM) . Territories, and in Manitoba and Quebec. The collections from Great Whale River on $. There is doubt about location of the lividum have been incorrectly placed in collection of Comandra upon which Arthur (2) Ontario instead of Quebec. Sutton (23) gives based his Northwest Territories record. J.A. a generalized distribution for Saskatchewan Parmelee (personal communication, 1966) from reports for the years 1965-67. Figure believed this record was based on the DAOM 1 of this paper indicates that the specimen, No. 1861, from near Martin Cabin, distribution on pine is more continuous Slave Lake, Alberta, collected in 1929, and across Saskatchewan, and that the rust has that Arthur interpreted 'Slave Lake' as Great been recorded farther north on this host. Slave Lake, Northwest Territories, instead of Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta. However, Arthur The rust can be found in most young and (4) included the Northwest Territories in his mature stands of Pinus contorta and P. distribution list prior to the collection of banksiana in weste=naaa, often reaching the above DAOM specimen. There is no record local epidemic proportions when the pine is of Comandra from tne Northwest Territories or close to stands of Comandra umbellata ssp. the Yukon in the DAO or CAN herbaria, or more FalfFa iyn southern --aulon regional herbaria (ALTA, CAFB, UAC, UBC), and 1v1 um northern areas. In- it has nof been collected north of about 59" Canada, its distribution extends to the pine N latitude in Alberta. Porsild and Cody limits in the Yukon and Northwest (19), in their checklist of vascular plants Territories, but should be found farther in continental Northwest Territories, SlMlSIAlAS SnN!d a VSOMlaNOd SnNld 0 VlYOIN03 SflNld VNVISYNVE SnNld 0

VOVNV3 NM31S3M NI 3Nld NO 3VblONVW"' WnIlMVNOYD 40 NOllIlBlt2,lu VOL. 50, N0.4, CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. DEC., 1970 133

Figure 3. Distribution of Cronortium comondrae on pine in Eastern Canada.

~___ Figure 4. Distribution of Cronortium comondrae on Santalaceae in Eastern ,Canado. 134 VOL.50, N0.4, CAN. PLANT DIS. SURV. DEC., 1970 indicated that C. pallida was expected to Region, p. 76-96. In Annual report of occur, but at present the're is no record from the Forest Insectynd Disease Survey, the area. Piehl (17) also does not indicate 1967. Forest. Branch, Can. Dep. its presence north of 60"N latitude. Forest. Rural Develop. 143 p.

13. Krebill, R.G. 1968. Cronartium comandrae Peck. Commonwealth Literature cited Mvcoloqical Inst.. Distribution maws of piant diseases, Map 444. 1st ed. i p. 1. Arthur, J.C. 1927. (Uredinales) . Additions and corrections (concluded), 14. Lanjouw, J., and F.A. Stafleu. 1964. p. 797-848. In North American Flora 7, Index Herbariorum. Part I. The Part 12. New Srk Botanical Garden. herbaria of the world. 5th ed. Int. Bur. Plant Taxonomy and Nomenclature. 2. Arthur, J.C. 1934. Manual of the rusts Utrecht, Netherlands. 251 p. in the United States and Canada. Purdue Res. Found., Lafayette, Indiana. 15. Mielke, J.L., R.G. Krebill, and H.R. 438 p. Powers, Jr. 1968. Comandra blister rust of hard pines. U.S. Dep. Agr., 3. Baranyay, J.A., and R.J. Bourchier. Forest Serv., Forest Pest Leaflet 62 1963. Province of Alberta. Forest (Rev. August 1968). 8 p. disease conditions, p. 99-102. In Annual report of the Forest Insect a% 16. Molnar, A.C. 1960. Province of British Disease Survey, 1962. Forest Entomol. Columbia. Forest disease survey, p. and Pathol. Branch, Can. Dep. Forest. 105-110. In Annual report of the 134 p. Forest InsGt and Disease Survey 1959. Forest Biol. Div., Can. Dep. Agr. 121 4. Baranyay, J.A., R.J. Bourchier, and G.R. Stevenson. 1962. Province of Alberta. P. Forest disease survey, p. 102-106. In 17. Piehl, M.A. 1965. The natural history Annual report of the Forest Insect a% and taxonomy of Comandra (Santalaceae). Disease Survey, 1961. Forest Entomol. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22, no. 1. 97 p. and Pathol. Branch, Can. Dep. Forest. 136 p. 18. Pomerleau, R. 1942. Liste annotee des maladies parasitaires des arbres 5. Bisby, G.R. 1938. The fungi of Manitoba observees dans le Quebec. Quebec: and Saskatchewan. Nat. Res. Counc. Serv. Forest. Min. des Terres et Can., Ottawa. 189 p. Forets. 39 p. (mineo).

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Saskatchewan, p. 92-99. In Annual Forest Biol. Div., Can. Dep. Agr., report of the Forest Insect Gd Disease Victoria, B.C. 117 p. (mimeo). Survey, 1952. Div. Forest Biol., Can. Dqp. Agr. 154 p. 26. Zil.ler, W.G., and A.C. Molnar. 1953. Forest disease survey, p. 142-154. In 25. Zilzer, W.G. 1953. Annotated check list Annual report of the Forest Insect ax of the tree rusts in British Columbia. Disease Survey, 1952. Div. Forest Biol., Can. Dep. Agr. 154 p.