Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter National W Ildlife Refuges
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U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter National Wildlife Refuges Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter National Wildlife Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan and Environmental Assessment Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex 752 County Road 99W Willows, CA 95988 Sacramento, Delevan, Telephone:530/934-2801 Fax: 530/934-7814 http://sacramentovalleyrefuges.fws.gov Colusa, and Sutter California Relay Service TTY: 1 800/735-2929 Voice: 1 800/735-2922 National Wildlife Refuges U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1 800/344-WILD http://www.fws.gov Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan March 2009 and Environmental Assessment Volume 1 March 2009 Volume 1 March 2009 Photo © Steve Emmons Vision Statement “Located in the Sacramento Valley of California, Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter National Wildlife Refuges are some of the most important wintering areas for waterfowl along the Pacific Flyway and in North America. The Refuges’ wetland, vernal pool, alkali meadow, grassland, and riparian communities will provide high-quality habitat for a diverse array of wildlife species including migratory waterfowl, shorebirds, birds of prey, and songbirds. These habitats will also provide food, water, and cover for threatened and endangered species including vernal pool plants and invertebrates, and giant garter snakes. Working with partners, the Refuges will provide a wide range of environmental education programs and promote high quality wildlife-dependent recreation in order to maintain a refuge support base and attract new visitors. Compatible wildlife-dependent recreational opportunities for hunting, wildlife observation, and photography, environmental education, and interpretation will be provided on the Refuges.” Disclaimer CCPs provide long term guidance for management decisions and set forth goals, objectives, and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes and identify the Service’s best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition. Sacramento, Delevan, Colusa, and Sutter National Wildlife Refuges Final Comprehensive Conservation Plan Prepared by: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region Refuge Planning Office 2800 Cottage Way, W-1832 Sacramento, CA 95825 and Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex 752 County Road 99W Willows, CA 95988 March 2009 Approved: _______________________________________ Date: __________________ Regional Director, Pacific Southwest Region Implementation of this Comprehensive Conservation Plan and alternative management actions/programs have been assessed consistent with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (42 USC 4321 et seq.) Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations................................................................vii Chapter 1. Introduction and Background ............................................1 1. Introduction ..........................................................................................1 2. Purpose of and Need for Plan ............................................................3 3. Legal and Policy Guidance .................................................................3 3.1. National Wildlife Refuge System Improvement Act ..............3 3.2. Appropriate Use Policy ...............................................................4 3.3. Compatibility Policy.....................................................................5 3.4. Biological Integrity, Diversity and Environmental Health Policy .....................................................................................................6 4. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ...................................................6 5. The National Wildlife Refuge System ..............................................7 6. The Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge Complex......................8 7. Sacramento National Wildlife Refuge ............................................10 8. Delevan National Wildlife Refuge...................................................12 9. Colusa National Wildlife Refuge .....................................................13 10. Sutter National Wildlife Refuge ....................................................15 11. Refuge Purposes ..............................................................................16 11.1. Sacramento Refuge Purposes.................................................16 11.2. Delevan Refuge Purpose.........................................................17 11.3. Colusa Refuge Purposes..........................................................17 11.4. Sutter Refuge Purposes ..........................................................17 12. The Refuges’ Vision.........................................................................18 13. Existing and New Partnerships.....................................................18 14. Ecosystem Context..........................................................................19 15. Conservation Priorities and Initiatives.........................................22 16. Wilderness Review ..........................................................................23 Chapter 2. The Planning Process .........................................................25 1. Introduction ........................................................................................25 2. The Planning Process........................................................................25 3. Planning Hierarchy ...........................................................................26 4. The Planning Team............................................................................28 4.1. Core Team ...................................................................................28 4.2. Expanded Team..........................................................................29 5. Pre-Planning.......................................................................................29 6. Public Involvement in Planning.......................................................29 7. Public Outreach..................................................................................31 8. Issues, Concerns, and Opportunities ..............................................31 9. Development of the Refuge Vision ..................................................32 10. Determining the Refuge Goals, Objectives, and Strategies ......33 10.1. Goals ...........................................................................................33 10.2. Interim Refuge Goals...............................................................33 10.3. Objectives, Rationale, and Strategies....................................33 11. Development of the Refuge Management Alternatives.............35 11.1. Alternative A: No Action .........................................................35 11.2. Alternative B: Emphasize Biological Resources..................35 11.3. Alternative C: Proposed Action..............................................35 11.4. Alternative D: Emphasize Visitor Services ..........................36 12. Selection of the Proposed Action ...................................................36 13. Plan Implementation.......................................................................36 i Chapter 3. The Refuge Environment...................................................37 1. Refuge Descriptions..........................................................................37 1.1. Sacramento Refuge....................................................................37 1.2. Delevan Refuge ..........................................................................38 1.3. Colusa Refuge.............................................................................39 1.4. Sutter Refuge .............................................................................40 2. Geographic/Ecosystem Setting .......................................................41 2.1. The Sacramento Valley Ecosystem.........................................42 3. Physical Environment.......................................................................43 3.1. Climate and Air Quality ............................................................43 3.2. Water Supply..............................................................................45 3.3. Contaminants and Water Quality ............................................48 3.4. Geology, Hydrology, and Soils .................................................49 4. Habitat ................................................................................................51 4.1. Vegetation ...................................................................................51 4.2. Wetlands......................................................................................56 4.3. Grasslands...................................................................................61 4.4. Riparian Habitats.......................................................................61 4.5. Agricultural Croplands..............................................................62 5. Habitat Management ........................................................................63 5.1. Water Management ...................................................................65 5.2. Vegetation Management...........................................................68