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CAPITALISM a Treatise on Economics George Reisman
CAPITALISM CAPITALISM A Treatise on Economics Prepublication, Interim Edition George Reisman Jameson Books, Ottawa, Illinois Copyright © 1998, 1996, 1990 by George Reisman. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any manner without written permission, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in reviews. Mail order copies of this book may be purchased from the publisher by call- ing 800-426-1357. All inquiries should be addressed to Jameson Books, 722 Columbus St., Ottawa, IL 61350. (815)-434-7905. Fax: (815)-434-7907. Distributed to the book trade by MidPoint Trade Books. All returns to the MidPoint warehouse. Bookstores, please call 800-243-0138 to order. Photocopying of excerpts from Jameson Books editions are licensed through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923. Call 508-750-8400 for information. ISBN: 0-915463-73-3 Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number: 96-78105 Manufactured in the United States of America 09 08 07 06 05 04 / 8 7 6 5 4 To Ludwig von Mises, my teacher, and Edith Packer, my wife. CONTENTS IN BRIEF PREFACE xxxix INTRODUCTION 1 PART ONE THE FOUNDATIONS OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER 1. ECONOMICS AND CAPITALISM 15 CHAPTER 2. WEALTH AND ITS ROLE IN HUMAN LIFE 39 CHAPTER 3. NATURAL RESOURCES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 63 PART TWO THE DIVISION OF LABOR AND CAPITALISM CHAPTER 4. THE DIVISION OF LABOR AND PRODUCTION 123 CHAPTER 5. THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR ON CAPITALISM I 135 CHAPTER 6. THE DEPENDENCE OF THE DIVISION OF LABOR ON CAPITALISM II: THE PRICE SYSTEM AND ECONOMIC COORDINATION 172 CHAPTER 7. -
Synthesis Report Synthesis Report
Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report Synthesis Report An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change This underlying report, approved paragraph by paragraph at IPCC Plenary XVIII (Wembley, United Kingdom, 24-29 September 2001), represents the formally agreed statement of the IPCC concerning key findings and uncertainties contained in the Working Group contributions to the Third Assessment Report. Based on a draft prepared by: Core Writing Team Robert T. Watson, Daniel L. Albritton, Terry Barker, Igor A. Bashmakov, Osvaldo Canziani, Renate Christ, Ulrich Cubasch, Ogunlade Davidson, Habiba Gitay, David Griggs, Kirsten Halsnaes, John Houghton, Joanna House, Zbigniew Kundzewicz, Murari Lal, Neil Leary, Christopher Magadza, James J. McCarthy, John F.B. Mitchell, Jose Roberto Moreira, Mohan Munasinghe, Ian Noble, Rajendra Pachauri, Barrie Pittock, Michael Prather, Richard G. Richels, John B. Robinson, Jayant Sathaye, Stephen Schneider, Robert Scholes, Thomas Stocker, Narasimhan Sundararaman, Rob Swart, Tomihiro Taniguchi, and D. Zhou Extended Team Q.K. Ahmad, Oleg Anisimov, Nigel Arnell, Fons Baede, Tariq Banuri, Leonard Bernstein, Daniel H. Bouille, Timothy Carter, Catrinus J. Jepma, Liu Chunzhen, John Church, Stewart Cohen, Paul Desanker, William Easterling, Chris Folland, Filippo Giorgi, Jonathan Gregory, Joanna Haigh, Hideo Harasawa, Bruce Hewitson, Jean-Charles Hourcade, Mike Hulme, Tom Karl, Pekka E. Kauppi, Rik Leemans, Anil Markandya, Luis Jose Mata, Bryant McAvaney, Anthony McMichael, Linda Mearns, Jerry Meehl, Gylvan Meira-Filho, Evan Mills, William R. Moomaw, Berrien Moore, Tsuneyuki Morita, M.J. Mwandosya, Leonard Nurse, Martin Parry, Joyce Penner, Colin Prentice, Venkatachalam Ramaswamy, Sarah Raper, Jim Salinger, Michael Scott, Roger A. Sedjo, Priyaradshi R. Shukla, Barry Smit, Joel Smith, Leena Srivastava, Ron Stouffer, Kanako Tanaka, Ferenc L. -
The Greenhouse Effect
The Greenhouse Effect I. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEWa This chapter examines what is variously called “climate change,” “global warming” and the “Greenhouse Effect.” These are all names for the same phenomenon: an increase in the Earth's temperature when heat is trapped near the surface. Most of this trapping is due to natural constituents of the air—water vapor, for example. But air pollutants also can trap heat, and as their concentrations increased so, too, can the Earth's temperature. Energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as sunlight. It strikes the surface, where it is converted into infrared radiation. Although the atmosphere is largely transparent to the visible radiation spectrum—sunlight—it is not to the infrared range. So heat that would other radiate into space is instead trapped in the atmosphere. That heat-trapping effect is good fortune for humanity and other life currently on Earth, because it raises the average temperature roughly 33 degrees Celsius above what it otherwise would be, making life as we know it possible.1 Over time, the energy entering the air has reached equilibrium with the energy leaving, creating Earth's current climate and, with it, the weather with which we are familiar on a day-to- day, week-to-week or year-to-year basis. With a Greenhouse Effect either greater or less than what has prevailed for millennia, the Earth would be quite different. In the absence of a Greenhouse Effect, the Earth would be ice covered. What it would be like with an enhanced Greenhouse Effect is the subject of this discussion. -
Open PDF File, 8.71 MB, for February 01, 2017 Appendix In
Case 4:16-cv-00469-K Document 175 Filed 02/01/17 Page 1 of 10 PageID 5923 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS FORT WORTH DIVISION EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION, § § Plaintiff, § v. § No. 4:16-CV-469-K § ERIC TRADD SCHNEIDERMAN, § Attorney General of New York, in his § official capacity, and MAURA TRACY § HEALEY, Attorney General of § Massachusetts, in her official capacity, § § Defendants. § APPENDIX IN SUPPORT OF EXXON MOBIL CORPORATION’S BRIEF IN SUPPORT OF THIS COURT’S PERSONAL JURISDICTION OVER THE DEFENDANTS Exhibit Description Page(s) N/A Declaration of Justin Anderson (Feb. 1, 2017) v – ix A Transcript of the AGs United for Clean Power App. 1 –App. 21 Press Conference, held on March 29, 2016, which was prepared by counsel based on a video recording of the event. The video recording is available at http://www.ag.ny.gov/press- release/ag-schneiderman-former-vice-president- al-gore-and-coalition-attorneys-general-across B E-mail from Wendy Morgan, Chief of Public App. 22 – App. 32 Protection, Office of the Vermont Attorney General to Michael Meade, Director, Intergovernmental Affairs Bureau, Office of the New York Attorney General (Mar. 18, 2016, 6:06 PM) C Union of Concerned Scientists, Peter Frumhoff, App. 33 – App. 37 http://www.ucsusa.org/about/staff/staff/peter- frumhoff.html#.WI-OaVMrLcs (last visited Jan. 20, 2017, 2:05 PM) Case 4:16-cv-00469-K Document 175 Filed 02/01/17 Page 2 of 10 PageID 5924 Exhibit Description Page(s) D Union of Concerned Scientists, Smoke, Mirrors & App. -
Who Is Who 1997
2nd Volume Convention on Climate Change Who is Who in the UNFCCC Process 1996 - 1997 FCCC Directory of Participants at Meetings of the Convention Bodies in the period July 1996 to December 1997 UN (COP2 - COP3) Contents Introduction page 3 Representatives of Countries page 5 Representatives of Observer Organizations page 259 Appendix I - Intergovernmental organizations accredited by the Conference of the Parties up to its third session page 482 Appendix II - Non-governmental organizations accredited by the Conference of the Parties up to its third session page 483 Appendix III - Alphabetical index of entries page 486 Appendix IV - Information update form page 523 1 2 Introduction This is the second volume of the Who’s Who in the UNFCCC Process. As indicated by its subtitle, this CC:INFO product is a directory of delegates and observers having attended the second or third sessions of the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or any of its subsidiary body meetings in between (COP2-COP3). This Who is Who was developed to provide those involved in the Climate Change process with a single, easy-to-use document, enabling them to renew or establish contact with each other. The Who is Who provides the title and contact information (e.g., institutional and e-mail addresses, direct telephone and fax numbers, etc…) for each individual, as provided to the secretariat during conference registration. Some of this information is now no longer valid, due to, e.g., new professional reassignments, including in some cases to the Climate Change Secretariat. -
Ipcc), 1979-1992
Negotiating Climates: The Politics of Climate Change and the Formation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 1979-1992 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of PhD in the Faculty of Life Sciences 2014 David George Hirst Table of Contents Abstract .............................................................................................................................................................. 4 Declaration ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Copyright Statement ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................ 7 Key Figures in Thesis .................................................................................................................................... 8 List of Acronyms............................................................................................................................................ 10 Chapter 1 – Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 11 1. Aims of thesis .................................................................................................................................... 14 2. -
EXTENSIONS of REMARKS April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
11576 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS April 23, 1975 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FRANK J. LUCAS HONORED guiding principle has been that steady accustomed romantic beauty. (How spoiled employment with good pay and bene we New Yorkers a.re, but this is pa.rt of our dubious charm.) Downtown Brooklyn has no fits can only be realized when the em easy answer and is stlll fraughlt with real and HON. GLADYS NOON SPELLMAN ploying contractors are able to com continuing problems, but there 1s enough OF MARYLAND plete their contracts profitably, within visible accomplishment in terms o! design, specifications and in a timely manner. development and the creation a.nd reinforce IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. Lucas has been married for 43 ment of comm.unity and e.menity for a dozen Wednesday, April 23, 1975 years. He and his wife, the beautiful other cities. Eleanora, have one son, Francis Michael, Brooklyn's lessons in architecture and ur Mrs. SPELLMAN. Mr. Speaker, it was banism-which largely involve informed ef my pleasure to attend a testimonial din and two daughters, Mary Louise and forts to turn around an area. decimated by a ner on April 12, 1975, given by the Steam Ellen Gertrude, and they are blessed residential and commercial flight to the sub fitters local 603 of the United Associa with five grandchildren. For all of his urbs of the 1950's and 1960's--are hearten tion of Journeymen and Apprentices of life, Mr. Lucas has lived in the Wash ing. And so are the role and achievements of the Plumbing and Pipefltting Industry ington area. -
Russian Climate Politics: Light at the End of the Tunnel?
April 2007 BRIEFING PAPER RUSSIAN CLIMATE POLITICS: LIGHT AT THE END OF THE TUNNEL? By Anna Korppoo 1 and Arild Moe 2 Russian climate politics were certainly a talking point a few years ago due to the country’s decisive role in the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol. The views of various potentially influential officials were reported by the world media almost on a daily basis. Since the ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by Russia in 2004, and its entry into force, Russian climate politics have received less attention. In this paper we update our previous analyses of Russian climate politics and policies, and report the latest developments, including material from the discussions in the ‘JI in Russia’ workshop 26 March 2007 organised by Oxford Climate Policy in co-operation with Climate Strategies. The main tasks of this paper are to review: • the readiness of Russia to implement the Kyoto mechanisms • the fulfilment of the compliance requirements of the Kyoto Protocol • the current political debate about climate policy by various key players • the emerging discussion on the post-2012 positions of Russia. 1 Associate Research Fellow, Fridtjof Nansen Institute, email: [email protected] 2 Senior Research Fellow, Fridtjof Nansen Institute, email: [email protected] Background cooperate. One of the explaining factors is the fact that climate change is still In Russia the climate change issue has not regarded by many as not being a serious gained a high profile on the national environmental problem. Russia has more political agenda. This contrasts with the country’s crucial role in the entry into immediate environmental problems on its force of the Kyoto Protocol; in the territory than those posed by climate absence of the US, the Russian change, and it is not uncommonly argued participation was necessary in bringing that climate change could even benefit the together countries accounting for 55% of country (Kotov 2004, pp.3, 6-7). -
The Libertarian Review September 1975
• © 1975, LIBERTARIAN REVIEW, INC an VOL. IV, NO.9-SEPTEMBER 1975 THE STATE By Franz Oppenheimer For centuries, the State and its intellectual apolo The State is unsurpassed in its analysis of the State as parasite and exploiter. gists have propagated the myth that the State is a Thus, Oppenheimer points out that there are two and only two ways by which voluntary instrument of society. Essential to that men can acquire income and wealth: One is through production and volun myth is the idea that the State arose on a volun tary exchange, what Oppenheimer calls "the economic means" to wealth, the tary, or at least on a natural, basis, arising organi means consonant with human nature and with the prosperity of mankind, the cally out of the needs of society. For if the State means which benefits all parties to the market and exchange process. The arose naturally or voluntarily, then it probably fol other means is robbery, the coercive looting and expropriation of someone :t>:;Y;:;:<1 ~::.:~:(" .;:,- ~:"~:: ::~:~:.., .. ~;;',:l~::::'i';; :'-:~::~:-: :~:~. lows that it fulfilled and still fulfills a vital societal else's production. This is the parasitic means, which not only violates the na function. Two major variants of the myth of State ture of man, but imposes a crippling burden on the victims and on production origins are the idea that the State arose out of a and economic growth. This path to wealth Oppenheimer called "the political "social contract" entered into by all members of means." Oppenheimer then goes on to define the State, on the basis of his society. -
Tracing Climate Change Denial in the United States and Looking for Impacts on the United States’ Science Diplomacy
CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE FORMATION EUROPEENNE SCHOOL OF GOVERNMENT INSTITUT EUROPEEN · EUROPEAN INSTITUTE Tracing Climate Change Denial in the United States and Looking for Impacts on the United States’ Science Diplomacy By Stephanie Baima A thesis submitted for the Joint Master degree in Global Economic Governance & Public Affairs (GEGPA) Academic year 2019 – 2020 July 2020 Supervisor: Hartmut Marhold Reviewer: Christian Blasberg PLAGIARISM STATEMENT I certify that this thesis is my own work, based on my personal study and/or research and that I have acknowledged all material and sources used in its preparation. I further certify that I have not copied or used any ideas or formulations from any book, article or thesis, in printed or electronic form, without specifically mentioning their origin, and that the complete citations are indicated in quotation marks. I also certify that this thesis has not previously been submitted for assessment in any other unit, except where specific permission has been granted from all unit coordinators involved, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarized the work of other students and/or persons. In accordance with the law, failure to comply with these regulations makes me liable to prosecution by the disciplinary commission and the courts of the French Republic for university plagiarism. Stephanie Baima 10 July 2020 1 Table of Contents Acknowledgements........................................................................................................................ 3 Abstract -
Wisconsin Legislative Directory
WISCONSINWISCONSIN LEGISLATIVE DIRECTORY LEGISLATIVE 2013 – 2014 SESSION State Legislative Hotline DIRECTORY (800) 362-9472 Madison Area Legislative Hotline 2013 -2014 SESSION (608) 266-9960 State TDD Legislative Hotline (800) 228-2115 Wisconsin Legislature Website www.legis.wisconsin.gov State of Wisconsin Website www.wisconsin.gov WISCONSIN FEDERAL DELEGATION – UNITED STATES SENATORS Tammy Baldwin (D) Ron Johnson (R) 717 Hart Senate Office Building 328 Hart Senate Office Building Washington, DC 20510 Washington, D.C. 20510 (202) 224-5653 (202) 224-5323 WISCONSIN CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS Office Name (Party) Phone (608) Governor Scott Walker (R) 266-1212 Lt. Governor Rebecca Kleefisch (R) 266-3516 Attorney General J.B. Van Hollen (R) 266-1221 Secretary of State Douglas LaFollette (D) 266-8888 Treasurer Kurt Schuller (R) 266-1714 Supt. of Public Instruction Tony Evers 266-1771 UNITED STATES HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES House Office Building, Washington, DC 20515 Rep. (Party) District Office Phone (202) Duffy, Sean (R) 7 1208 Longworth 225-3365 Kind, Ron (D) 3 1502 Longworth 225-5506 Moore, Gwen (D) 4 2245 Rayburn 225-4572 Petri, Thomas (R) 6 2462 Rayburn 225-2476 Pocan, Mark (D) 2 313 Cannon 225-2906 Ribble, Reid (R) 8 1513 Longworth 225-5665 Ryan, Paul (R) 1 1233 Longworth 225-3031 Sensenbrenner, James (R) 5 2449 Rayburn 225-5101 WISCONSIN ASSEMBLY – OFFICERS Rep. (Party) Name (Party) Capitol Room Phone (608) Assembly Speaker Robin Vos (R) 211-W 266-3387 Speaker Pro Tempore Bill Kramer (R) 103-W 266-8580 Majority Leader Scott Suder (R) 115-W 266-2401 Assistant Majority Leader Jim Steineke (R) 204-N 266-2418 Minority Leader Peter Barca (D) 201-W 266-5504 Assistant Minority Leader Sandy Pasch (D) 119-N 266-7671 Chief Clerk Patrick E. -
The Shame of the Jews
OCTOBER 1993 PUBLISHED BY AMERICANS FOR A SAFE ISRAEL administered the next blow--he has given control of the THE SHAME OF THE JEWS region--Gaza and Jericho today, the rest in nine months-- Herbert Zweibon to Yasser Arafat, a man who symbolizes the Arab goal of obliterating Zionism, a man whose hands are drenched with the blood of thousands of innocent Jews. In the summer of 1883, in the wake of yet Israel's leaders should be calling for Arafat's trial another malaria epidemic, Baron de Rothschild dis- as a war criminal. Instead, unbelievably, sacrilegiously, patched his agent, one Emile Meyerson, to the strug- they are investing him with legitimate authority over the gling Jewish settlement of Yesod Hama'ala, in the Huleh Land of Israel, forfeiting the age-old rights of the Jewish Valley. Meyerson explained to the settlers that while the people to the mass murderer of Jews. Elijah thundered to baron was deeply committed to the cause of resettling Ahab: "Has thou murdered and also inherited?" What the Holy Land, he now believed the health problems would Elijah say to the present rulers of Israel who hand afflicting Yesod Hama'ala were too severe to overcome. over the inheritance of the Jewish people to the world's The baron proposed that the settlers leave. "Some of master of murder? you will be able to settle in other villages in this country," Only a few have raised their voices against the Meyerson assured them. "As for the rest, those who want mindless euphoria, and they have spoken of the strategic compensation will receive it, and those who want to mistake Israel is making.