Great Basin Naturalist

Volume 57 Number 4 Article 1

10-31-1997

Mayfly fauna of New Mexico

W. P. McCafferty Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

C. R. Lugo-Ortiz Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

G. Z. Jacobi New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, New Mexico

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Recommended Citation McCafferty, W. P.; Lugo-Ortiz, C. R.; and Jacobi, G. Z. (1997) "Mayfly fauna of New Mexico," Great Basin Naturalist: Vol. 57 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/gbn/vol57/iss4/1

This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Great Basin Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. The Great Basin Naturalist PUBLISHED AT Pnovo, UTAH, BY BRIGHA:\1 YOUNG UNIVERSITY

ISSN 0017-3614

VOLUME 57 31 OC'TOBER 1997 No.4

Great Basin Naturalist ,57(4), © 1987, pp. 28,3-314

MAYFLY FAUNA OF NEW MEXICO

\\ZP McCaffertyl, GR. Lugo-Ortizl, and GZ. Jacobi2

AB.~WrRACT.-An inventory and analysis of the mayfly (Insecta, Ephemeroptera) hmna of New ~lcxico, based on the published literature and study of extensive materials from diverse collections, indicate the presence of 12 f~lmilies, 37 genera, and 81 species. Ofthese species, 25 represent new state records: Acentrella turbida, Ameletus falsus, A. sparsatus, Baelis adonis, B. hicaudatus, B. jlavislriga, Baetodes de./iciens, Caenis latipcnnis, Callibaetis jluctuans, Cinygmula par, Ephemera simulons, Hexagenia bilineata, IsoHychia sicca, Labiohaetis propinquus, Lachlania saskatchewanensis, Lepto­ phlehia bradleyi, Leucrocuta petersi, Neochoroterpes nanita, Pamleptophlehia debilis, P. hetemne(J, Procloeon conturha­ tum, Bhithrogena plana, R. rohusta, R. vitta, and Thratdodes gonzalesi. Baetodes deficiens represents a new USA record. For 37 ofthe 56 previously reported ,md confirmed species, 124 new county records are provided. With respect to conti­ nental affinities, :-;4 species are western, 27 southwestem, 13 widespread, 1 is a southern USA species, and 1 eastern. or the major drainage systems in the state, the Gila system is the most species rich with 48 species, followed hy the Rio Grande (46), Pecos (39), Canadian (28), and San Juan (2.'5). Relationships between drainage systems and between t\ew Mexico and broadly adjoining states are discllssed. Lachlania dencyannae, the only endemic species in New J'vlexieo, oecurs in the Gila system and is rare and endangered. Certain other species from the Gila system me also noted as being at risk. From other drainages, B. adonis, Ephemerella mollitia, and L petersi also are of some cuncern at the nationallevcl. Additional species that are rare in Ne',.v Mexivo and are of concern at least at the state level include AmetroTJus albrighti, C. fit/ctt/ans, II. bilineata, L. bradleyi, N. nanita, P cunturbatum, and R. hageni.

[(ell words: E'phemeroptera, New Mexico, species inventory.

The first report ofa mayfly fl'om New Mex­ mainly piecemeal. First reports ofspecies were ico was that of Ephernerella sp. by Needham contributed by 21 authors since the descrip­ (1905). which was taken trom the upper Pecos tion of R. undulata (Needham 1927, Traver River in San .Miguel County. This record later 19:35, Allen and Edmunds 1959, 1961, 1963, proved to be applicable to the common west­ 1965, Peters and Edmunds 1961, Koss 1966, ern mountain species Drunella grandis (Eaton). 1972, Allen 1968, 1978, Koss and Edmunds The next ,species was recorded when Banks 1970, Kilgore and Allen 1973, Allen and Chao (1924) descrihed Epeorus undulatus [now Rhith­ 1978a, 1978h, Morihara and McCafferty 1979a, ragena undulata (Banks)] from the Jemez River Pescador and Peters 1980, Allen and Murvosh in Sandoval County. The discovery ofadditional 1983, Kondratieff and Voshell 1984, Waltz and species of mayflies in New Mexico has been McCafferty 1987, Provonsha 1990, Hemy 1993,

lDepilrtmenl of' Enlomology, I'LlrdLle University. W,,,t Lilbyetl", IN 47fKl7, 2E""imn",,,"hLl S"i"n"" and Mallag«",cnt, "I",," Mexim Highland, University, Las VCg:HS, NM 8770),

283 284 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

Durfee and Kondratieff 1995, Lugo-Ortiz and whole with respect to faunal elements within McCafferty 1995c, Zloty 1996). Based on reports it. Importantly, our data have served as tl,e of these workers, 56 species of mayflies have bases for evaluating a number of New Mexico been known from New Mexico prior to this species that can now be seen to be at environ­ study. mental risk either within the state or nation­ Six species of mayflies were described orig­ ally. A fine account of the history of New Mex­ inally from New Mexico and thus have their ico's hydrologic setting, beginning with the type localities within the state. These species influences of the 12th-century pueblo-dwell­ are Ametropus albt'ighti Traver, Gloeodes macro­ ing Native Americans, can be found in The lameUu.> Waltz and McCafferty, Homoeoneuria Fishes of ew Mexico by Sublette et aI. (1990). alieni Pescador and Peters, Lochlania den­ cyannae Koss, Rhithrogena ,mdulata (Banks), STUDY AREA and Thraulodes bronneus Koss. Only L. den­ cyannae has proven to be endemic to New New Mexico (Fig. 1) is the 5th largest state Mexico. in the USA, covering some 195,685 km2. It OUf interests in the New Mexico mayfly possesses a diverse geologic and topographic fauna first developed in the mid-1960s when landscape, with elevations ranging from slightly one of us (WPM) became involved in exten­ less than 1050 m at Red Bluff Reservoir in the sive collecting excursions across the state with southeastern part ofthe state, where the Pecos Arwin Provonsha and Dick Koss. All of the River enters Texas, to over 4550 m at Wheeler material from those trips eventually came into Peak in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, the possession ofWPM and Purdue University approximately 50 km south of the Colorado in the 1970s. Those collections and another border. Although New Mexico is the 3rd most collection made by WPM, Arwin Provonsha, arid state in the USA, it does receive 108,176 and Dan Bloodgood in the early 1980s have hectare meters ofwater annually either as pre­ contributed significantly to previous published cipitation or inflow (Harris 1984). There is sig­ revisionary studies of mayflies as well as the nificant precipitation in some higher elevations, present study. In the late 1970s another of us while lower elevations are typical of deserts (GZJ) became involved with the New Mexico (see Eisenhood 1979). For example, the eastern Environment Department and later joined the slopes of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains and faculty of New Mexico Highlands University. Jemez Mountains in the north central part of GZJ, his students, and colleagues have sampled the state receive over 180 cm of precipitation mayflies in New Mexico for several years, often per year. mainly as snow; Mount Taylor in the in association with various ecological studies. western sector, the Mogollon Mountains in the Another ofus (CRL) developed extensive exper­ southwestern sector, and the Sacramento Moun­ tise on the systematics of southwestern mayflies tains in the south central sector of the state while conducting research on the mayflies of receive 80-120 cm of precipitation; and south­

Mesoamerical and his familiarity with the Mex­ ern valleys such as the Rio Grande and Tula­ ican fauna has been invaluable in the assess­ rosa receive 40 cm or less, ment ofNew Mexico. Five major and 3 mioor drainage systems in The aforementioned collections of mayflies the southwestern USA have headwaters or along with materials loaned or donated to us near-headwater flow in New Mexico. An in­ from Brigham Young University, Colorado State depth treatment of these systems has been University, and the University of Utab have given by Suhlette et aI. (1990); howeve~ the provided a large body of material upon which following briefdiscussion will serve the imme­ we have based much of the present study. We diate purposes ofthis study. also review all published data relevant to the The Canadian River drainage system head­ New Mexico mayfly fauna, provide extensive waters are in the northern Sangre de Cristo new site records for those species previously Mountains. The Canadian River flows east­ known from New Mexico, and provide new ward through the Canadian Escarpment from state records for an additional 25 ''pecies. We the Las Vegas and Raton plateaus into the offer commentary on drainage distribution of northern panhandle ofTexas. In the same area each of the New Mexico species and synthe­ of New Mexico but north ofthe Canadian, the size all specific data and analyze the fauna as a Dry Cimarron River (not to be confused with 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 285

I I I COL 0\ R ADO - - -'1<:---\--+-+ . , -- • .'. TA OS ,' , . . COLFAX Sn/l JUlin <>,,#!, ,i. ~ ,- .... 1'--'" :e Jl:!heeler PIc. UNION SAN JUAN J RIO:.ARRIBA 1 0 \ Cimarron ~ -- • (j 1-' <\':" ~ ,. (D ~ ~. I.1- '_ a:- ,"'------c--- ".. ---..' "~,,.t(h,.,. I .,'(y' I , U : 7'l- ----, ------. ~l:G:J'=~.L._ ,'-,\'.,'<:l ..: ...... "'11IO'" MORA l!I!;, G , .....Q' r:-'~- , " HA RDI N , .. I e .LOS, 1-.\11 __ ... ,L_ MCKI NLEY ... ·i·~..... : ~ l~~Lf s I ~~...... _------\~ , ....v;~ (J 1 't-J,. '\ ,• ~\~ Concha~\ , •.• .{ I 4' \ , .....C;o~ ~: SANMIGuU:;E~L;.r ..... Res. '-I- '=\ ...... ,--r1. --_1_\I SANDOVAL ISANTAIIFE, " ..... __ J WeRt's. ~\--\---t---l : f------r/ p..ivtt I \ \ BERNALI LLO 1- ..1 1 ~ $antaRosllRts. QUA Y , , , ' ,-- ~ ,/"----' (' VALENCIA I --1----J GUADALUPE ! JJ • .' I I -e. r--l S I I ~ ....Sumtier Rtos. ...- ; , TORRANCE I ,..---- .--,--/ CURRY c ------4------,------... L, I 1 II -- ...J I I 1 I -t z -::~~'-~., 1 1 : DE BACA : L m , L. ., -l I I CATRON , I I I )( o SOCORRO J 1-"'1 ,-_.... ~ .... r I • -' I ROOSEVELT » N .' , , I LINCOLN l I rJ (I) ,I L.,, en ': ••, •••• .. J\ ••••• \ 1 1);0 1 L-_, : 1 1"---' ('J l r--1.---- "";'_L_ , ------..-1 ~JJ 4'.ob I 1 Elephant T------I» HOl1do ~ Butte Res. r I.. __., 1 I r ;. 1 I I l II' ~--- J 1 ~-r...... ". I b !"'------'1 ... -l -"0 ~ LEA Caballo ReJ..... 1 . -0 1 r ~ '" 1 ,r , $Co >A I, 1 1,. BraIltl~ &so I r ' ;.. I r OTERO L. ---"1 L , lP , 1, , , , ,, , , ~\.\--''-, i....'-J...,.",.,,,.--_.1-' .. TEXAS MEXICO '"c: (Chihuahua) 0' --'-----"-1

Fig. 1. New Mexico, with main rivers, drainage systems, and counties indicated.

the Cimarron River in Colfax County, which is Cristo Mountains. The Pecos River flows south­ a tributary of the Canadian River within New ward for about 640 km through the Pecos Plaius Mexico) flows eastward off the Trinidad Escarp­ of New Mexico into west Texas, exiting New ment and the north slope of Capulin Mountain Mexico in Eddy County, and ending with its (mainly the northern tier of Union County). confluence with the Rio Grande at the Texas­ These 2 river drainage systems are part of the Mexico border. larger Arkansas River drainage system, a major The Rio Grande, the 5th largest river in the south central tributary ofthe Mississippi River USA, ha'i its headwaters in south central Col­ drainage system. orado. It flows almost directly south for over Headwater streams ofthe Pecos River drain­ 720 km through New Mexico. The Rio Chama age originate from the southern Sangre de in Rio Arriba County is a major tributary of 286 GREAT BASIN NATURAUST [Volume 57 the Rio Crande drainage system in northern METHODS ANI) PRESEN1ATlON ow Ytexit.'O. Two rivers in nurthw~stcrn New Me~ico arc Extensive c..'Ollcctions of cw Mexico mav-, part of thc middle Colorado River dminage flics were examined and material was identi­ system. The (i40-km-long San Juan River, with fied to species whenever possible. Collections headwaters in southern Colorado, flows for arc noted in the data section with the follow­ ahout 100 km in New Mexico (mainly San Juan ing acmnyms: BYU (Brigham Young University County) to the four corners area of Utah, Col­ Collection, I'rovo, Utah), CSU (Colorado State omdo, New Mexico, and Arizona, and then University Collection, FDrl Collins, Colorado), through extreme southeastern Utah to Lake NMHU (Ncw Mexico Highlands University Powell and the Colorado Hiver. Thc small Zuni Collection, Las Vegas, New Mexico), and Rivm~ which originah~s in the Zuni Mountains I'ERC (Purdue Entomological Research Col­ in New Mexico south of the San Juan River, lection, Wcst Lafayette, Indiana). flows mainly in southern McKinley County In the Species A!:counts section of this work. west to the Little Colorado River in northern species are presented ,Jphabetically by family, Arizona. genus, and specics. Species that are newly Two main rivers in southwestern New Mex­ reported for New Mexico are indicated with ico are part ofthe lower Colorado River drain­ an asterisk For each species. numerous data age system. The San Fnmdsco River dminagc are given. First, useful descriptions uf adults system originates in castern Arizona, but a and larval stages uf the species are referenced major portion of it Hows in southwestem New under the heading Descriptions. Such dala are Mexico (Catron County) before returning: to important hecause keys for the species are Arizona, where it Joins tlte Gila HiveI'. Head­ generally not avaitable ,-md such descriptions waters of the Gila River drujnage system are are part of the basis for species identification. located ncar Mogollon Baldy, a peak over 3,500 In most cascs the original description is noted III high in the Mogollon Monntains. The Gila and if a subsequent, more comprehensive and HiveI' flows for abollt 160 km (mainly in Grant useful description is available, it is referenced County) to the Arizona border and continues also, as are published keys when pertinent through southern ArizOIl

All species have a Remarks section associated Koss, WP YfcCalferty, and A.V. Provonsha \vith them. This generally includes a review of (exuviae, larvae). the overall distribution of the species, with H.E\1AHKS.-This species was described fi:om particular attention to states surrounding New Arizona by rVlcDunnough (1938) and previous to this studv has heen known from only .3 Mexico. Distribution ofthe species within New • • Mexico is also noted with respect to the drain­ counties in that state (see Zloty 1996). New age systems involved. Counties and drainage Mexico specimens of A. falsus agree with the systems may be located using Figure 1. Other Allen and Chao (1981) description ofArneletLis

pertinent taxonomic or environmental inforw sp. C, and it is possible that larvae of A. sp. B mation may also he included in the remarks. Allen and Chao also helong to this species The Faunistics section contains an analysis, (Zloty 1996). Arneletus sp. B was reported £i'om of the fauna in terms ofits broad affinities, and New Mexico by Allen and Chao (19SI) £i'om inter- and intrastate relationships. Species of Rio Arriba County in the upper Hio Grande special note because of their rarity and envi­ drainage in the Southern Rocky Mountain ronmental sllsceptibility are also noted here. Province. Thus, in New Mexico, A. falsus apparently occurs in tributaries of the upper SPECl ES ACCOUNTS Rio Grande and headwaters ofthe Pecos Rjver drainage system in the southern Sangre de Amelclidae Cristo Mountains. Ameletus doddsiaflll8 *Anwletus sparsatus Zloty, 1996 McDunnough, 1931 DESCRIPTJONS.-Adult: Traver (193.5) as A. DEscRJPnoNs,-Adult: McDunnough subnotatus Eaton; sec also Zloty (1996). Larva: (1931a); sec also Zloty (1996). Larva: McDun­ Allen and Chao (1981) as A. vewx Dodds. nough (193.5). PREVIOUS I\ECORus.-Zloty (1996): Taos Co. NE\V REcoRDs.-NMlIU: Otero Co, Agua NEyV COUKTY RECORDS.-CSU: Sierra Co Chiquita, nr Woods Canyon, 6-VIII-19S0, C.Z. (N fork Palomas Cr). NMHU: Santa Fe Co (Rio Jacobi and L. Smolka (larvae). en Mcdio). PERC: Grant Co (Cherry Cr). REMARKS.-This western species was re­ HEMAI\Ks.-Zloty (1996) provided no details ported from Alberta, British Columbia, Col­ of his report of this species in 11105 County, orado, Idaho, and Montana by Zloty (1996). New Mexico; however, one of us (GZJ) has Lugo-Ortiz and MeCaHerty (199.5a) reported collected material of this species from the it from Arizona. Records of A. aequivucus same county at a Rio Hondo (IJake .Fork) McDunnough in Colorado (McCafferty ct a!. beaver pond. Zloty also reported the species 1993) are also applicahlc to this species. In from Arizona, Colorado, and Utah. Certain New Mexico, A. spaTsatus has been taken only specimens reported as A. subnotatus in Col­ from the far southeastern part of the state in orado by McCafferty et al. (1993) belong to the lO\vcr Pecos River drainage system. this recently described species, and the histor­ Ametropodidae ical confilsion of what is now A. doddsianus and A. sulmaf.atll.' was discussed by Zloty (J996). Arnefropul} alhrighti The occurrence ofthis species in New Mexico Traver, 1935 in the Cila River and upper Rio Grande DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Allen and Edmunds drainage systems represents the southernmost (1976). Larva: Traver (193,5); sec also Allen and part ofits known range. Edmunds (1976). *Arneletus falsus PREVIOUS RECOj{IlS.-Traver (193.5): San Juan McDunnough, 1938 Co (San Juan R). HE.\1ARKS.-This psammophilous species was DESCBlPTIONS.-Adull: McDunnough (19.3S); originally described from near Farmington, sec also Zloty (1986). Larva: Allen and Chao New Mexico, by Traver (193.5). Since then it (19S1) as A. sp. C. has been reported only fi:om the Green HiveI' :"lEW RECORDS.-PERC: San Miguel Co, in southwestern \Vyoming and northeastern Pecos R, nr Cowles, 1-VIlI-1944 (larvae); 2.2 Utah (Edmunds and Musser 19(0) and the mi N of Pecos, Pecos R, 13-VII-1969, RW Yampa HiveI' in northeastern Colorado (Allen 288 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57 and Edmunds 1976), both ofwhich are part of from all USA states bordering New Mexico the upper Colorado River drainage system. In (see McCafferty et aI. 1993, Lugo-Ortiz and New Mexico it is known from the San Juan McCafferty 1995a, 1995b, McCafferty et aI. River drainage system in the extreme north­ 1997); however, it has not been taken in Mex­ western corner of the state, which is associ­ ico. In New Mexico, A. turbida has been found ated with the middle Colorado River drainage in the northern areas of both the Rio Grande system. It remains to be seen if the species and Pecos River drainage systems. still exists in New Mexico. • BMtis adonis Baetidae Traver, 1935 Acentrella insignificans DESCRIPfIONS.-Adult: Traver (1935). Larva: (McDunnough), 1926 unknown. NEW RECORDS.-PERC: Miguel Co, 5 mi DESCRIPfIONS.-Adult: McDunnough (1926) N ofPecos, Pecos R, at Dalton Fishing Site, as Baetis insignificans McDunnough. Larva: 7300 ft, 13-VIl-1969, RW Koss, WE McCaf­ Morihara and McCafferty (1979a) as B. insig­ ferty, and A.V Provonsha (male and female nificans. adults). PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Morihara and McCaf­ REMARKS.-This poorly known species is a ferty (1979a) as Baetis insignificans: Grant Co small-sized member of the rhodoni group that (Gila R); Mora Co (Mora R); San Juan Co (San Juan R). Durfee and Kondratieff (1995): was previously known only from the San Catron Co (Taylor Cr). Gabriel Mountains in California (Traver 1935). NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-CSU: Dona Ana Its discovery in New Mexico in the northern Co (Radium Springs). NMHU: Colfax Co Pecos River drainage system therefore repre­ (Cieneguilla Cr); Lincoln Co (Rio Ruidoso); sents a significant range extension. San Miguel Co (Pecos R); Rio Arriba Co (Rio • BMtis bicaudotus Chama); Sierra Co (Rio Grande). PERC: Catron Dodds, 1923 Co (Cottonwood Cr, Gila R, Taylor Cr, Tula­ rosa R, San Francisco R); San Miguel Co (Pecos DESCRIPfIONS.-Adult: Dodds (1923). Larva: R, Sapello R). Dodds (1923); see also Morihara and McCaf­ REMARKs.-This relatively common west­ ferty (1979a). ern species is known from all Mexican and NEW RECORDs.-NMHU: Mora Co, Jack's USA states adjoining New Mexico, excluding Cr, 3065 m, 18-VI-1991, M.D. Hatch (larvae). Oklahoma (see McCafferty et aI. 1993, Lugo­ PERC: Catron Co, 42 mi N of Silver City, Rt Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a, 1995b, McCaf­ 527 Gila R, at jet with Little Cr, 15-VII-1967, ferty and Lugo-Ortiz 1996a). In New Mexico Rand D. Koss (female adult); Tularosa R, 2 mi it is now known from throughout most of the above Aragon, 11-VI-1974, B. Stark (larvae); state and all major drainage systems. It is very Lincoln Co, Sierra Blanca Ski Lodge, Rio Rui­ common in Catron County. doso, 27-V1II-1976, M.W. Sanderson (larvae); San Miguel Co., Panchuela Cr, 9-VII-1944 *Acentrelln turbida (larvae); Santa Fe Co, Big Tesuque Cr, Big (McDunnough), 1924 Tesuque, 1O-VI-1974, B. Stark and TA. Wolff DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: McDunnough (1924a) (larva); Little Tesuque Cr, nr Hyde Park, 2960 as Pseudocloeon turbidum McDunnough; see m, 20-1V-1973, B. Stark and T Wolff (larva); also McCafferty et al. (1994). Larva: McCaf­ Taos Co, Rio Trampas above El Valle, 9-VI­ ferty et aI. (1994). 1974, B. Stark and TA. Wolff (larva); Red NEW RECORDS.-NMHU: Taos Co, Costilla River, 3 mi E of Questa, 9-V1-1974, B. Stark Cr, 17-VlII-1989, G.Z. Jacobi (larvae). PERC: and TA. Wolff (larvae). San Miguel Co, Pecos R, 29-VI-1939 (larvae); REMARKs.-This relatively widespread west­ 5 mi N of Pecos, Pecos R at Dalton Fishing ern species is found in mountainous streams, Site, 7300 ft, 13-VIl-1969, RW Koss, WE and it reaches the southernmost limits of its McCafferty, and A.V Provonsha (female adults); range in New Mexico. Although common in Pecos R, I-VIIl-1936 (female adult). Colorado (McCafferty et aI. 1993), it has not REMARKs.-Acentrella turbida is a wide­ been taken in Arizona, Mexico, or Texas. In spread continental species that was recently New Mexico it has been collected from all treated by McCafferty et aI. (1994). It is known major drainage systems except the San Juan 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 289

River in the extreme northwestern part of the PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Morihara and McCaf­ state. With the exception ofAlaska and parts of ferty (1979a) as Bactis 51'. B: Grant Co (Cherry Canada, BaeUs bicaudatu8 is most commonly Cr). confined to higher elevations. NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Colfax Co Bacti'! caclestis (Canadian R); Sierra Co (Main Diamond Cr); Tonence Co (Canon de Tajique). PERC: Catron Allen and Murvosh, 1983 Co (Glenwood, Gila R, Pueblo Cr); Lincoln Co DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: unknown. Larva: (Eagle C.; Rio Ruidoso). Morihara and McCafferty (1979a) as B. sp. A. REMAHKS.-This western species was origi­ PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Morihara and McCaf­ nally described as Baetis sp. B by Morihara ferty (1979a) as Bactis sp. A: Catron Co (San and McCafferty (1979a), hased on larvae from Francisco R); Otero Co (Penasco R). New Mexico, and it was later named by McCaf~ NEw COUNTY RECORDS.-BYU: Grant Co lerty and Waltz (1986). Known from western (Sapillo Cr). Nebraska to Panama (Lugo-Ortiz and McCar REMARKs.-Baetis caelRstis is a relatively lerty 1993, 1996a), it appears to he particnlarly common southwestern species, presently common in Arizona, New Mexico, and Col­ known from Arizona (Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ orado (see also McCafferty and Waltz 1986, ferty 1995a), Baja California (Allen and Mur­ Durfee and Kondratieff 1993). We have recently McCaf~ vosh 1983), Chihualma (Lugo-Ortiz and identified larvae of this species collected by ferty 1996a), and Texas (McCafferty and Davis Kondratieff and Baumann in March 1993 from 1992). In New Mexico, where it was originally the San Sabo River in Menard County, south­ lound by Morihara and McCafferty (1979a), it west central Texas. Baetis magnus is onc of the is Imown from the Gila, lower Pecos, and San few species of mayflies now known to occur in Francisco River drainage systems in the south­ both the Ncarctic and Neotropical biogeo­ ern part ofthe state. graphic regions. In New Mexico it is now *Baetis jlavistriga known from all major drainage systems except McDunnough, 1921 the San Juan River (part of the middle Col­ it DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: McDunnough (1921). orado drainage system); however, has been Larva: Ide (1937); see also Morihara and McCaf­ taken from the Colorado drainage system in ferty (1979a). Arizona and Colorado. NEW RECORDS.-PERC: San Juan Co, San Bactis notos Juan R, river mile 165, 1820 m, 29-VI-1960 Allen and Murvosh, 1987 (larva). REMARKS.-This relatively widespread North DESCRII'TlONS.-Adult: Durfee and Kon­ McCal~ American species is known mainly from the dratieff (199,5). Larva: Morihara and casteni half of the continent but also from the lerty (1979a) as B. sp. C. Black Hills of South Dakota (McCafferty 1990) PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Morihara and McCaf­ and several localities in Colorado (see McCaf­ lerty (1979a) as Baetis sp. C: Catron Co (Gila ferty et aJ. 1993); it was recently found in the R). Durfee and Kondratieff (1995): Catron Co Colorado drainage area of west central Utah (Taylor Cr). (McCafferty and MacDonald 1994). McCal~ NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Colfax lerty and Davis (1992) reported it from Texas, Co (Cieneguilla Cr); Grant Co (Gila R, Ciene­ and Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1994) found guilla Cr). PERC: Grant Co (Gila R). it in the adjoining Mexican state of Chi­ REMARKS.-This southwestern species is huahua. In New Mexico, B. fiavi,striga has also knowo li'om Arizona (Morihara and McCal~ been taken only in the San Juan River drain­ ferty 1979a), Colorado (Ward aud Stanford age system. 1990), and Texas (McCafferty and Davis 1992). It was recently discovcred in Veracruz by Lugo­ Baetis magnus Ortiz and McCafferty (1994) and thus is ex­ McCalferty and Waltz, 1986 pected to occur in northern Mexico also. Dur­ DESCRlPT!ONS.-Adult: Durfee and Kon­ lee and Kondratieff (1995) reared this species dratielf (1993). Larva: Morihara and McCal~ from Taylor Creek in Catron County, New lerty (1979a) as R. sp. B. Mexico. It has bccn collected in New Mexico 290 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57 only in the Gila, Canadian, and San Francisco Baetodes edmundsi River drainage systems. Koss, 1972 Baetis tricaudatus DESCHIPTJONS.-Adnlt: Koss (1972). Larva: Dodds, 1923 Koss (If)72). PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Koss (1972): Grant Co DESCHlJ'TIONS.-Adult: Dodds (1923). Larva: (Gila R). Dodds (1923); see also Morihara and MeCal~ NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: San Mi­ ferty (1979a). guel Co (Canadian 13). PHEVIOUS HECOHDS.-Peters and Edmunds REMARKS.-ln addition to New Mexico, (1961) as Baetis intermedius: San Juan Co (San Baetodes edmund'i has been reported li·om Juan R). Morihara and McCafferty (1979a): Arizona (Koss 1972), Texas (Edmunds 1950), Catron Co (San Francisco R); Mora Co (Mora and the Mexican states of Sinaloa and Sonora R); Otero Co (Rio Penasco); Rio Arriba Co (Allen and Murvosb 1987a). ln New Mexico it (Rio Brazos); San Miguel Co (Pecos R). has been taken only £i·om the Gila and Cana­ NEW COUNTY HECOHDS.-BYU: Grant Co dian River drainage systems, in the far south­ ('J]ukcy Cr, Gila R, Sapillo Cr); Lincoln Co west and northeast regions of the state, (Rio Hondo). NMHU: Colfax Co (Canadian R, respectively, Cieneguilla Cr); Eddy Co (Rio Penasco); Grant Co (Black Canyon, Cieneguilla Cr); Guadalupc Callibaetis !errugineus hageni Co (Pecos R); Lincoln Co (Rio Ruidoso); San­ Eaton, 1885 doval Co (Rio Cebolla, San Antonio Cr); Santa DESCHIPTJONS.-Adult: Eaton (1885) as C. Fe Co (Hio Grande); Sierra Co (Main Diamond hageni Eaton. Larva: Dodds (1923) as C. fusea C1; South Diamond Cr); Taos Co (Red R, Rio Dodds. Costilla). PERC: Colfax Co (Cimarron 13); Grant PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Peters and Edmunds Co (Cherry Cr); Lincoln Co (Eagle Cr, Rio (1961) as Cal/ibaeti, nigl'itus: San Juan Co (San Ruidoso); Sandoval Co (Jemez R); Santa Fe Juan R). Co (Hio Grande, '(esuque Cr); Taos Co (Goose NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-CSU: Catron Co Cr, La Junta Cr, Pueblo Cr, Red R, Santa Bar­ (Wall Lake). NMHU: 'TIlOS Co (beaver pond Oll bara R). Rio Hondo-Lake Fork). PERC: Eddy Co (Sit­ REMARKS,-This species is known from ting Bull Falls). throughout most of North America, including REMARKs.-This relatively widespread west­ Mexico (Lugo-Ortiz and McCaHerty 1994), ern subspecies ranges from Alaska southward and it is probably the most widespread and to Arizona (Lugo-Ortiz ancl McCaflerty 1995a) ubiquitous Bactis on the continent. Likewise, and New Mexico, and it is one of the most it is now known from all major drainage sys­ common mayflies in Colorado, where it was tems in New Mexico. treated under the synonym C. a.m.ericanus Banks by McCafferty et aJ. (1993). The exten­ *Baetodes deficiens sive synonymy of the species can be found in Cohen and Allen, 1972 McCafferty and Waltz (1990) and McCafferty DESCRlPTIONs.-Adult: unknown, but sub­ (1996). Cal/ibaetis ferrugineus hageni is not imagos were described by Flowers (1987). known from lcxas, and therefore Arizona and Larva: Cohen and Allen (1972). New Mexico apparently represent its south­ NEW HECOHDs.-BYU: Grant Co, Sapillo Cr, eastern range limits. It has been taken in jet with Gila 13, 1555 m, 26-V-1985, B. Jensen ponds and lakes in wide-ranging areas of New (larvae). Mexico as well as from the San Juan River. REMAHKS.-This is essentic:uly a Mexican species, It has heen known from the Mexican 'Cal/ibaetis fluctuans (Walsb), 1862 states of Guerrero, Jalisco, MorcIos, Sonora, and Veracruz (see MeCaHerty and Lugo-Ortiz DESCRIPTTONS.-Adult: Walsh (1862) as Cwe 1996). Its discovery in New Mexico is impor­ jluctuans; sec also Traver (1935). Larva: Burks tant because it represents a new USA record. (1953). In New Mexico it has been taken only from NEW HECORDs.-BYU and PERC: Eddy the Gila HiveI' drainage system in the Inter­ Co, Castle C1; Black River Village, 14-[-1987, montane Plateau. Baumann, Sargent, and Kondratieff (larvae). 1997J NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 291

REMARKS.-This species is known from Turkey Cr, Gila R); Lincoln Co (Tucson Mts); across the continent but is most common in McKinley Co (Thoreau); Sandoval Co (Galis­ the Miclwest. It has been taken as far west as teo Cr); San Miguel Co (Pecos R); Santa Fe Co California and Oregon in the north, but with (Galisteo Cr). respect to areas surrounding New Mexico, it REi\'IARKS.-This species occurs throughout has been reported only from Colorado (McCaf­ western North America as f~lr east as South ferty et a1. ] 993) and Texas (Lugo-Ortiz and Dakota (McCafferty 1990) and Texas (\tcCaf­ McCafferty 1995b). The isolated sample of ferty and Davis 1992), and south to Costa Rica this species from the extreme southern part of (Lugo-Ortiz and McCufferty 1996b). Jt is appar­ the Pecos River drainage system in New Mex­ ently one of the most common species of Cal­ ico represents the southernmost limits of its libaeti'i in New Mexico, where it has been taken western range. In southern Utah, C. jluctuans in the Gila River, Pecos Rivel~ Rio Grande, and has historically been misidentified as G.mon­ Zuni River drainage systems. tanus Eaton. Camelohaelidiwl' musseri Callibaetis montanus ('iraver and Edmunds), 1968 Eaton, 1885 DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: unknown. Larva: DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Eaton (1885). Larva: 'n'aver and Edmunds (1968) as Dactylohaetis Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1996b). musseri Traver and Edmunds; see also Lugo­ PREVIOUS HECORDS.-Traver (193.5): San Juan Ortiz and McCaflerty (] 995e). Co (San Juan R); Socorro Co (Rio Grande). PREVIOUS RECOHDS.-Lugo-Ortiz ancI NE\I\' COUNTY HECOHDS,-PERC: Catron Co McCafferty (]995c): Catron Co (San Francisco (Gila R), Dona Ana Co (Rio Grande). R, W fork Gila R, Gila R); Grant Co (E fork RE:\1ARKs.-Callihaetis nwntanus has heen Cila R). correctly reported from Arizona and New RE:\1ARKs.-This species is widespread in Mexico south to Nicaragua (Eaton 1885, 1892, .\!lexico and Central America (Traver and Banks 1900, Traver 1935, McCafferty and Edmunds 1968, Lugo-Ortiz and McCaHerty Lugo-Ortiz 1992). Records ofthe spedes north 1995c). Lugo-Ortiz and McCaflerty (1995c) of Arizona and New Mexico (e.g., Edmunds have recently shovvn that C. salinw,' Allen and 1954, Newell 1970, Hahcl and Kolar 1990) arc Chao, which had been taken in the USA in evidently misidentifications at' C. fluctuans, Arizona and Nevada, is a junior synonym of C. and records of it in lexas are probably all or rnusseri. In New Mexico the species appears mostly attributable to C. punctilusus McCaf­ to be restricted to the Gila and San Francisco ferty and Provonsha (see 'vfcCaflerty and Pro­ River drainage systems in the southwestern vonsha 1993, Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1994). portion of the state. In New Ylexico it has heen taken from diverse Cmnelobaetidius warreni areas of the Gila River, San Juan niver, and (Traver and Edmunds), 1968 Rio Grande drainage systems. DESCHIPTTONS.-Adult: Traver and Edmunds Callibaetis pictus (1968) as Dactylohaetis warreni Traver and (Eaton), 187] Edmunds. Larva: Traver and Edmunds (1968) DESCRIPTlONS.-Adult: Eaton (L871) as as D. warreni; see also Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ Bactis pictus Eaton. Larva; Seemann (1927) as ferty (1995c). C. pac{ficu'i Seemann; see also Lugo-Ortiz and PHEVIOUS J"'coeos.-A1len and Chao (1978a) McCafferty (1996b). as Dactylobaetis navis: San Juan Co (San Juan PHEVIOUS HECOI\DS.-Traver (19:3,5) as Calli­ R); as Dactylohaetis trivialis: Colfax Co (Cim­ baetis pacificus: Sandoval Co (Jemez Springs). arron II). Traver (19:35) as Callihaetis signatus: Socorro NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-CSU and PEHC: Co (Sabinal Cr). Catron Co (W fork Cila II, Gila H, San ~ran­ NEW COUI\"rY HECOHDS.-BYU; Grant Co cisco R). NMH U: Catron Co (San ~rancisco (Tnrkey Cr); Rio Arriba Co (Vaceros Canyon). R); Grant Co (E Fork Gila R). CSU: Sierra Co (Circle Seven Cr). PERC: REMARKS.-This is the most common and Catron Co (Cila National Forest); Chaves Co widespread species of Carnelobaetidius in the (Roswell); Grant Co (Cherry Cr, Sapilfo Cr, western USA (knovvn from Arizona, Calif()rnia, 292 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

Colorado, Idaho, aud Utah in addition to New Labiobaetis apache Mexico), and it also ranges through Mexico McCafferty and Waltz, 1995 (Baja California Sur, Chiapas, ChihuallUa, Guer­ DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Durfee and Kondra­ rero, Oaxaca, and Sonora) and Central Amer­ tieff(1997). Larva: McCafferty aud Waltz (1995). ica (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995c). It has PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Peters and Edmunds been known by many synonyms in the past as (1961) as Baetis propinquWJ (Walsh): Sau Juau shown by Lugo-Ortiz aud McCafferty (1995c), Co (Sau Juan R). wherein C. navi'3 (Allen and Chao) aud C. triv­ REMARKS.-This distinctive species was ialis (Allen and Chao), which bad been reported recently described from the Colorado drain­ previously from New Mexico, were synonym­ age system of northern Arizona and western ized with it. In New Mexico, C. warreni has Utah by McCafferty aud Waltz (1995). We have heen taken from the Canadiau, Gila, Sau Juan, acquired and studied the original material on and San Francisco River drainage systems. which Peters and Edmunds (1961) based their record of Baetis propinquWJ (now L. propin­ Cloeodes macrolamellWJ quWJ) from the San Juan River in New Mexico, Waltz and McCafferty, 1987 and it proved to be L. apache. Records of L. DESCRIPTlONs.~Adult: unknown. Larva: propinquWJ from Douglas Creek near Rangely, Waltz and McCafferty (1987). Colorado, in the Colorado drainage system PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Waltz aud McCaf­ (McCafferty et al. 1993) are also attributable to L. ferty (1987): Grant Co (Cheny Cr). apache according to Durfee aud Kondratieff (1997). The San Juan River drainage system in REMARKs.-Cloeodes macrolamellWJ was New Mexico is part of the middle Colorado originally described from New Mexico by drainage system, and thus L. apache remains Waltz and McCafferty (1987). More recently, it known only from the greater Colorado drain­ was shown also to occur in the northern Mexi­ age system in North America. can states of Chihnahua and Duraugo (Lugo­ Ortiz aud McCafferty 1994) and in the USA in •Labiobaetis propinquWJ Arizona (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a). (Walsh), 1863 In New Mexico it is known only from the Gila DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Walsh (1862) as C/oe River drainage system. vicina Walsh (nee Hagen); see also Morihara and McCafferty (1979b) as Baetis propinquWJ Falkeon quilleri (Walsh). Larva: Berner (1940) as Baetis spin­ (Dodds), 1923 osus McDunnough; see also Morihara and DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Dodds (1923) as McCafferty (1979b) as B. propinquWJ. Baetis quilleri Dodds; see also Traver (1935). NEW RECORDS.-PERC: Colfax Co, Ponil Larva: Morihara and McCafferty (1979a) as B. Cr, 4.5 mi E Cimarron, 14-VII-1969, R.Y\( Koss, qui/Ieri; see also Lugo-Ortiz et a!. (1994). Y\(P. McCafferty, AV Provonsha (larvae); Otero PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Morihara aud McCaf­ Co, Rio Penasco, 12-VII-1969, R.Y\( Koss, Y\(P. ferty (1979a) as Baetis quiZU;ri: Catron Co (Gila McCafferty, A.V. Provonsha (larvae). R); Graut Co (Cherry Cr, Sapillo Cr). REMARKS.-This primarily central aud east­ NEW COUNTY RECORDS.~BYD: Eddy Co ern USA species evidently attains its western­ most range limits in eastern New Mexico, where (Castle Cr). CSD: Sierra Co (Palomas Cr). we have seen it from the Canadian and Pecos PERC: Chaves Co (Rio Penasco); Dona Ana River drainage systems. Labiobaetis propinquWJ Co (small tributary of Rio Grande); Eddy Co was reported from Texas by McCafferty and (Castle Cr); Lincoln Co (Rio Ruidoso). Davis (1992) but is not known from Mexico. REMARKS.-This highly variable species is Published records of this species by Peters widespread in Central America, Mexico, and aud Edmunds (1961) from the San Juan River southwestern, central, and eastern USA (Lugo­ in New Mexico are attributable to L. apache Ortiz et al. 1994). In New Mexico it has thus (see above). far been taken only from the southern part of the state in the Gila River, Pecos River, and *Procloeon conturbatum Rio Grande drainage systems. It is, however, (McDunnough), 1929 known from the Colorado River drainage sys­ DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: McDunnough (1929) tem in Colorado (McCafferty et a!. 1993). as Centroptilum conturbatum McDunnough; 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFIJES 293 see also Lowen and Flannagan (1991) as C. where it has been taken only in the lower Pecos conturhatutn. Larva: Lowen and Flannagan River drainage system, was expected. (1991) as C. conttwbatum. NEW RECOROS.-PERC: San Juan Co, San Ephemerellidae Juan R, T32N, R6W, See 27, river mi 165, Attenella margarita 1820 m, 29-V1, 16-VIl-1960, WL. Peters (male ( 'eedham), 1927 adulls). REMARKs.-Specimcns li'om the Sun Juan DESCRIPTlONS.-Adult: McDunnough River drainage system of northeastern New (1931b) as Ephentel-ellCaenidae species range from British Columbia to New Mexico (Allen and Edmunds 1961, Argyle ;md Caellis bajaensis Edmunds 1962). 11 has not. however, been taken Allen and Murvosh, 1983 from Arizona or Texas. In New Mexico it is now DESCRIPTIO s.-Adult: Provonsha (1990). known from the upper Pecos River and upper Larva: Allen and .viurvosh (1983); see also Rio Grande drainage systems. This northern Provonsha (1990). region in New Mexico represents the south­ PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Provonsha (1990): ernmost limits ofthe range ofthis species. Catron Co (Gila National Forest); Grant Co Dnmella coloradensis (Cherry Cr.). (Dodds), 1923 NEW COUYfY RECORDs.-NMHU: Mora Co (WolfCr). DESCRIPTIONS.-Adlllt: Dodds (1923) as REMAIlKs.-Caen;" bajaemis is also lmown Ephernerella co/.oradells;" Dodds. Larva: Dodds from Arizona, Colorado, northern Mexico, and (1923) as E. colora

N[~w COUNTY LU<;COlmS.-NMHU: Catron altOona has been collected from the Canadian Co (Gila R); Rio Arriba Co (Rio Brazos); San Hiver, Pecos River, and Rio Grande drainage Miguel Co (Gallinas R, Sapello H); Taos Co systems, and we provide the first records of it (Rio Fernando de 1\lOS). PERC: 'nlOS Co (Rio from the Gila River drainage system. In Ari­ Hondo Canyon). zona it has been collected from the middle HL<:MARKs.-New Mexico is the southern­ Colorado River drainage system in the north­ most range limit of this common western eastern part of that state, and therefore it may species (Allen and Edmunds 1962). It is not eventually be f(mnd in all major drainages in known from Arizona or 1cxas. In New Mexico New Mexico. it has heen taken fi'om the Canadian River, Gila Ephernerella inern1.is Hivcl~ Pecos HiveJ~ and Rio Grande drainage Eaton, 1884 systems. DESCRJPTlONS.-Adult: Eaton (1884). Larva: Drl1..nella grmulis gramlis Traver (1935); see also Allen and Edmunds (Eaton), 1884 (196.5) and Johnson (1978). DESCHLVJ'I()NS.-Adult: Needham (1927) as PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Traver (1935): San­ Epl~~ru;rel1

system. vVe have not seen material of this PREVIOUS REcoHDS.-Allen and Edmunds species from New .Mexico and therefore can­ (1963) as Ephemerella tibialis: Taos Co (Hed H). not he sure that previous reports were indeed REMARKS.-This species occurs throughout of E. h4j~equen8, rather than E. inermis, with the western USA and Canada (Allen and which it has commonly been confused in the Edmunds 1963), but it has rarely been taken past (see Johnson 1978). in Arizona and Nev" Mexico. In New Mexico, S. tibiali,.."has been known only from the upper Ephenwrella mollitia Rio Grande drainage system in the Rocky Seemann, 1927 Mountain Province. DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Seemann (lfJ27). Timpanoga hecuba hecuba Larva: Seemann (1927); see also Allen and (Eaton), 1884 Edmunds (1965). PHEVlOUS HEcoHDs.-Traver (1935): San DEscRlPnoNs.-Adult: MeDllnnough (1935) Juau Co (San Juan R). as Ephemerella hecuba Eaton. Larva; Eaton REMARKS.-This species has been known (1884) as Ephernerella, sedis incer[ae, nymph only from California and the northwestern cor­ #4; see also Allen and Edmunds (1959) as E. ner of New Mexico (San Juan River drainage hecuba hecuba. system). Allen and Edmunds (1965) ques­ PREVIOUS RECOHDs.-Allen and Edmunds tioned the validity of Traver's (1935) record, (1959) as Ephemerella hecuba hecuba: San stating that she may have actually based the Miguel Co (Pecos H). record on larvae of E. inennis. \Vc have not NEW COUNTY RECOHDs.-NMHU: Rio Arriba seen the material and therefore can neither Co (Hio Chama). confirm nor refute the record at this time. REMARKs.-This western species, which is conspicuously absent from most of the Great Serratella rnicheneri Basin and Arizona (Allen and Edmunds 1959), (Traver), 1934 reaches the southernmost part of its range in DESCIUPTlONS.-Adult: Traver (1934) as northern New Mexico, where it is now known Ephemerella rnicheneri Traver. Larva: Traver from the upper Pecos River and upper Rio (1934) as E. micheneri; see also Allen ,md Grande drainage systems. Edmunds (1963) as E. micheneri. Ephemeridae PREVIOCS RECORDS.-Peters and Edmunds (1961) as Ephemerella micheneri: San Juan Co *Ephemera simulans (San Juan R). Allen and Edmunds (1963) as Walker, 1853 Ephemerella rnicheneri: Rio Arriba Co (San DESCRIPTIONs.-Adult: Walker (185:3): sec Juan R). Kilgore and Allen (1973) as Ephem­ also Traver (1935). Larva: Ide (1935); see also erella micheneri: Catron Co (Negrito Cr); Col­ McCafferty (1975). lax Co (Poni! Cr); Grant Co (Little Cr). Nmv HECORDS.-NMHU: Rio AITiba Co, Rio NEW COU'ITY nECOl\Ds.-NMHU: Lincoln Chama, Hwy 84-64 hridge, 12-VI-1981, G.Z. Co (Hio Huidoso); Sandoval Co (Hio Ceholla); Jacobi (female subimago). Santa Fe Co (Rio Grande). REMAHKS.-This widespread North Ameri­ REMARKs.-This western species is known can burrowing species was shown by McCaf­ from Arizona, Baja California, California, Col­ ferty (1975) to occur from the east coast to orado, New Mexico, Oregon, vVashington, and Idaho and Utah. It is not known from Arizona, Wyoming (Allen and Edmunds 1963), hut it is Mexico, or Texas. 1'he new state record from absent from Idaho, Nevada, and Utah (essen­ the northern portion of New Mexico in the tially the Great Basin). In New Mexico it upper Rio Grande drainage system was some­ occurs in all major drainage systems. what unexpected, given the distribution pat­ Serratella tihialis tern of this species (McCafferty 1994). (MeDunnollgh), 1924 :::Hexagenia bilineata DESCIUPTlONS.-Adult: McDunnough (Say), 1824 (1924b) as Ephernerella tibialis McDunnough. DESCRlPI"Jo'ls.-Adult: Say (1924) as Baetis Larva: Walley (1930) as E. tibialis; see also bilineata Say; see also Spieth (1941). Larva: Allen and Edmunds (1963) as E. tibialis. Clemens (1913); sec also McCafferty (1975). 296 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

NEW RECORDs.-Eddy Co, Black R, 7 mi W Epearus albertae Malaga, 9-VII-1992, S.A. Sanders (male adult), (McDunnougb), 1924 7-VIII-1992, SA Sanders, C. Gonzales, G.Z. DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: McDunnougb (1924a) Jacobi (larvae). as Iran albertae McDunnough. Larva: Edmunds REMARKS.-The previous obscure record of and Allen (1964). this species by Spieth (1941) from tbe Red PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Allen and Chao River, ostensibly in New Mexico, which was (1978b): Rio Arriba Co (Rio Chama). further recorded by McCafferty (1975), was REMARKs.-Ward and Berner (1980) indi­ apparently not valid. This conclusion is based cated that this western species tended to on the fact that the only Red River in New replace other species of Epearus at lower ele­ Mexico is in Taos County and that stream does vations. Epeorus albertae is relatively common not have silt/marl substrate that would be in Colorado (McCafferty et al. 1993), but it has required by Hexagenia larvae (see Keltner and not been taken in Arizona, Mexico, or Texas. McCafferty 1986). Furthermore, the material In New Mexico it has been taken only in the on which Spieth (1941) based his New Mexico northern part of the state in the upper Rio record was from the Oklahoma Natural His­ Grande drainage system. tory Survey; and tbe Red River along the Okla­ homa-Texas border in the eastern parts ofthose Epeorus deceptivus states does possess substrate types required (McDunnough), 1924 by Hexagenia larvae. Nonetheless, we do pro­ DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: McDunnougb (1924a) vide the first valid record of this species in New as Iron deceptivus McDunnough. Larva: Mexico. The male adult from Eddy County, Edmunds and Allen (1964). New Mexico (lower Pecos River drainage sys­ PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Allen and Chao tem), clearly possesses the beaklike penes typ­ (1978b): San Miguel Co (Pecos R). ical of H. bilineata; however, both the larvae NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Sierra and adult are very lightly pigmented, which is Co (South Diamond Cr). PERC: Taos Co (Rio atypical of H. bilineata. Although H. bilineata Hondo). is known from Texas and Oklahoma, it has not REMARKs.-Edmunds and Allen (1964) been found north, west, or south of New Mex­ indicated that this species was confined to the ico, with the exception of a record from the intermountain western USA, and those authors Mexican state of San Luis PotosI by McCaf­ were the first to indicate its occurrence in ferty (1968). The most widespread species of New Mexico, but they did not provide any Hexagenia in North America, H. limbata (Ser­ specific locale data. Allen and Chao (1978b) ville), has not been found in New Mexico but recorded it from Gila County, Arizona. In New may eventually because it does occur in Col­ Mexico we know of this species from the orado and Texas. upper Pecos River and upper Rio Grande drain­ age systems, as well as the Gila River drainage Heptageniidae system in the southwestern part ofthe state. *Cinygmula par Epeorus longimanus (Eaton), 1885 (Eaton), 1885 DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Eaton (1885) as DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: Eaton (1885) as Iron Cinygma par Eaton. Larva: not published. longimanus Eaton. Larva: Dodds (1923) as Iron NEW RECORDS.-NMHU: San Miguel Co, nymph #1; see also Edmunds and Allen (1964). Elk Mtn (elev. 3540 m), below springs, VII­ PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Allen and Chao 1980, L.R. Smolka (male and female adults). (1978b): Rio Arriba Co (Canjilon Cr); San REMARKS.-This species occurs in the higher Miguel Co (Pecos R, Winsor Cr); Taos Co (Red elevations throughout much of western North R, Rio Pueblo, Rio Chiquito). Durfee and America, including Arizona (Eaton 1885) and Kondratieff (1995): Catron Co (Taylor Cr). Colorado (Dodds 1923). It is not known from NEW COUNTY RECORDs.-NMHU: Lincoln Mexico or Texas. In New Mexico, C. par is the Co (Rio Ruidoso). PERC: Lincoln Co (Eagle only species of the genus thus far taken, and it Cr). has been found only in mountain headwaters REMARKs.-Epeorus longimanus is the most of the Pecos River. widespread of the western species of Epeorus 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 297

(Edmunds and Allen 1964). It is very common Heptagenia solitaria at higher elevations in Colorado and Utah, but MeDunnough, 1924 somewhat less common in Arizona and New DEscRJPTloNs.-Adnlt: MeDunnough (1924a). Mexico. In New Mexico it has been taken Larva: Bednarik and Edmunds (1980). from the Gila River, upper Pecos River, and PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Peters and Edmunds upper Rio Grande drainage systems. (1961): San Juan Co (San Juan R). Epeorw.; margarita NEW COUNTY RECORDs.-PERC: Catron Co Edmunds and Allen, 1964 (Gila R); Colfax Co (Canadian R, Cimarron R); Grant Co (Gila R); Mora Co (Coyote Cr); San­ DEscRTITIONs.-Adnlt: Edmunds and Allen doval Co (Rio Crande). (1964). Larva: Edmunds and Allen (1964). REMARKs.-McCafferty et al. (1993) noted PREVIOUS RECOHDS.-Durfee and Kondra­ that in Colorado this western species was found tielf(1995): Catron Co ('Iltylor Cr). primarily on the western slope ofthe Colorado NEW COUNTY RECORDs.-PERC: Grant Co Plateau. It is one of the most common species (Cila R); Rio Arriba Co (Rio Brazos). of HerJtagenia in the West and has also been REMARKs.-We have numerous samples of found in the Gila River aud middle Colorado Epeof'us maTgarita from Catron County col­ drainage systems in Arizona (Lugo-Ortiz and lected in the 1960s and 1980s. The species is McCafferty 1995a). It is not known from Mex­ by far the most common species of Epeorus ico or Texas. In New Mexico it has heen taken found in the Gila River drainage system, and in the Canadian River, Gila Rivel~ Rio Grande, except for the Rio Brazos, a headwater stream and San Juan River drainage systems. in the upper Rio Grande drainage system, it has not been taken from the other major drain­ *Leucrocuta petersi age systems in the state. Epeorus margarita (Allen), 1966 was recently reported from numerous locali­ DESClUITTONS.-Adult: Allen (1966) as Hep­ ties in the Mexican state of Chihuahua by tagenia petersi Allen. Larva: Bednarik and Ed­ Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1996a), and the mnnds (1980) as H. petersi. species has been known from a few localities NEW l\ECORDS.-NMHU: Colfax Co, Six­ in Arizona (Edmunds and Allen 1964) and mile Cr, nr Hwy 64, 2530 m, 9-1X-93, G.Z. Baja California (Allen and Murvosh 1983). Jacobi (larvae). PERC: Catron Co, 2 mi N Sil­ Heptagenia elegantula ver City, Rt 527, Gila R at jct with Little Cl; (Eaton), 1885 15-Vl1-1967, Rand D. Koss (female adults); Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument, Gila DEsclUPrIONs.-Adult: Eaton (1885) as Rhi­ R at jet with Little Cr, 15-VlI-1967, R ;md D. throgena elegantula Eaton. Larva: Needham Koss (male and female adults); N Silver City, and Christenson (1927) as R. ekgantula; see middle fork Gila R, .25 mi above jet with W also Bednarik and Edmunds (1980). lark, 9-VlI-1969, RW Koss, WP McCafferty, PREVIOUS RECORDS,-Peters and Edmunds and A.V: Provonsha (female adult); Grant Co, (1961): San Jnan Co (San Jnan R). Allen and 65 km N Silver City, Rt 527, E fork Gila R, 15­ Chao (1978b): Colfax Co (Cimarron R, Ponil 16-VlI-1967, Rand D. Koss (larva). Cr). REMARKS.-This species was previously REMARKS.-This species is known from lmown only from the Green River (upper Col­ throughout much of western North America, orado Drainage) in southwestern Wyoming and inclnding Arizona and Colorado (Eaton 1885) northeastern Utah (Allen 1966). New records and Utah (Edmunds 1954). It has not been from New Mexico are theref()re signiflcant. In found in Mexico, Oklahoma, or Texas. Larvae New Mexico, L. petersi has been taken in the of Heptagenia ekgantula can be distinguished Canadian and Gila River drainage systems. It from the somewhat similar H. solitaria (see is possible that this species presently occurs bclow) with the use of the key by Bednarik only in New Mexico hecause of its possible and Edmnnds (1980). The species prefers silted extirpation in Utah and Wyoming. streams at lower elevations, and in New Mex­ Nixe criddlei ico it is known only from thc Canadian and (McDunnough), 1927 San Juan River drainage systems in the north­ ern part of the state. DEscl\lPTloNs.-Adnlt: MeDnnnough (1927) 298 CHEAT BASIN NATUHALJSI' [Volume 57 as Heptagenia criddlei McDunnough. Larva: Utah (Needham and Christenson 1927), and it Bednarik and Edmunds (1980) as H. criddlei. is relatively common in southern areas of Col­ PHIW10US HECOHDS.-Peters and Edmunds orado (e.g., McCallcrty et al. 1993). 1n Arimna (1961) as Heptagenia sp.: San Juan Co (San and New Mexico, R. lUlf4cni is known from Juan H). Allen and Chao (1978b) as Heptage­ only a single locality in each state (Allen and nia criddlei: Catron Co (San li'randsco R); Col­ Chao 1978b). In New Mexico it is knO\vn from fax Co (Cimarron R, Moreno Cr); Grant Co the upper Rio Grande drainage system. (Sapillo Cr); Lincoln Co (Bonito C,; Cr at Pine Lodge); Mora Co (Mora R); Hio Arriha Co Rhithrogena lHorrisoni (Wolf Cr); Taos Co (Hio Hondo); Valencia Co (Banks), 1924 (BIne Water Cr). DESCRIPT!oNs.-Adult: Banks (1924) as NE\V COUNTY HECOHDS.-CSU: Sierra Co Epeorus lTt01Tisoni Banks; see also '11'aver 1935. (Palomas Cr). PEHC; Sandoval Co (Jemez H); Larva: Seemann (1927) as Iron petulans See­ San Mignel Co (Pecos H). mann; see also key by Allen and Chao (1978b). RE/I.·fAHKS.-This relatively common species PREVIOUS RECOHlls.-Allen and Chao (1978b): is known from throughout the western USA Colfax Co (Cimarron R); San Miguel Co (Pecos (Mc])unnough 1927, 'n'aver 1935, Edmunds R); Taos Co (Red R, Hio Chiquita). 1954, Peters and Edmnnds 1961, Allen and NEW CO\;NTY HECOHlls.-NMIIU: San Juau Chao 1978b). Nixe criddlei has been taken Co (S,m Juan H). from all major drainage systems within New REMARKS.-This species is knovVIl from much ~dexico. of the West, li'om Alberta (McDunnough Nixe silItplicioides 1934) to Baja California in northern Mexico (McDunnongh), 1924 (Lugo-Ortiz 'md McCafferty 1994). With respect to the states adjacent to New Mexico, it is )JEscHlvl·!oNs.-Adult: McDunnongh (1924a) known only from Arizona (sce Lugo~Ortjz and as Ileptagenia silItplicioides McDunnough. McCafferty 1995a). Although McCaflerty et al. Larva: Bednarik and Edmunds (1980) as H. (1993) did not record R. morrisoni hom Col­ Sill1pliciuides. orado, they noted that materials commonly PHEVJOUS HECOHDS.-Pctcrs and Edmunds identified as R. (Banks) in Colorado (1961) as Hcptagenia simplicioicles: San Juan "ndulata and elsewhere were probably referahle to this Co (San Juan R). species. In New Mexico it has been taken in NE\V COUNTY HECOHDS.-BYU; Grant Co (Gila R, Turkey Cr); Sandoval Co (Jemez R). the northern part of the state, in the Canadian Hivel~ NMHU: Bio Arriba Co (Hio Chama). PERC: River, Pecos H,io Grande, and San Juan Catron Co (Gila H); Lincoln Co (Bonito Cr); River drainage systems. Mora Co (Coyote Cr); San Migucl Co (Pecos *Rhithrogena plana R). Allcn and Chao, 1978 REMAHKS.-This species is known from the western USA (Traver 193.5, Edmunds 1954, DESCRIPTIONs.-Adult: unknown. Larva: Petcrs and Edmunds 1961, Allen and Chao Allen and Chao (1978b). 1978b, Bednarik and Edmunds 1980) and NEW RECOHOS.-PERC: Grant Co, Duck Alherta (McDunnough 1924a). Previously, it Cr at Clift: US 180, 5-V-1981, vY.P. McCaflerty, was known fi'ol1l New :rvlexico only from the A.V. Provonsha, and D. Bloodgood (larva); Gila San Juan River drainage system in the north~ R at US 180, nr Cliff, 5-V-1981, w.P. McCaf~ west corner of the state. We report it fl'om all lerty, A.V. Provonsha, and D. Bloodgood (larva); major drainage systems in New Mexico. 'litOs Co, S I()rk of Red R, Carson National Forest, 27-VII-1937, C. Tarzwell (larvae). Rhithrogena haf4cni REMAI1KS.-This species was previously Eaton, 1885 known only from Arizona (Allen and Chao DESCHlPTloNs.-Adult: Eaton (1885). Larva: 1978b), where it was described Ii'om the White not described, but keyed by Day (1963). River in Navajo County. We report it for the PHEVIOUS HEcoRDs.·-Allen and Chao first time from New Mexico from the Gila River (1978b): 11los Co (Hed R). and Rio Grande drainage systems. McCafferty REMAHKS.-This western USA species is et a!' (1993) indicated that R. plana may even­ also known Ii'om Colorado (Dodds 1923) and tually prove to be a variant of R. morrisoni. 1997J NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 299

*Rhithrogena robusta *Rhithrogena vitta Dodds, 1923 Allen and Chao, 1978 DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Dodds (1923). Larva: DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: unknown. Larva: Dodds (1923); see also key by Allen and Chao Allen and Chao (1978b). (1978b). NEW RECORDs.-BYU: Grant Co, Gila R, NEW RECORDS.-NMHU: Santa Fe Co, Rio above mouth Turkey Cr, 1455 m, 27-V-1985, B. En Medio, 2990 m, 13-V-1992, G.Z. Jacobi (lar­ Jensen (larvae). PERC: Grant Co, E fork of vae). PERC: Grant Co, 1 mi S Cliff, tributary Gila R at Rd 15, Gila National Forest, 6-V­ to Gila R, 14-VII-1967, Rand D. Koss (larvae); 1981, w.P. McCafferty, A.Y. Provonsha, and D. Taos Co, creek in Hondo Canyon, nr Taos Ski Bloodgood (larvae). Valley, 22-II1-1967, RW. Baumann (larvae). REMARKS.-This species was previously REMARKs.-The new New Mexico state known only from Arizona, where it was de­ records of the distinctive R. robusta represent scribed from the White River in Apache and the southernmost limits ofthe known range of Navajo counties (middle Colorado drainage this boreal western species. In New Mexico it system) by Allen and Chao (1978b). In New has been taken in the Gila River and upper Mexico we found it in the southwestern por­ Rio Grande drainage systems. It co-occurs with tion of the state in the Gila River drainage sys­ R. plana in Grant County, where the species tem (also a part of the greater Colorado River are distinct from each other. Cohabitation by drainage system). Rhithrogena species is often common (Leonard and Leonard 1962, McCafferty et al. 1997). Isonychiidae Rhithrogena undulata Isonychia intermedia (Banks), 1924 (Eaton), 1885 DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Banks (1924) as Epe­ DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Eaton (1885) as Chi­ orus undulatus Banks. Larva: not published, rotonetes intermedius Eaton. Larva: Kondra­ but keyed by Flowers and Hilsenhoff (1975) tieff and Voshell (1984). and Allen and Chao (1978b). PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Kondratieff and PREVIOUS RECORDs.-Banks (1924) as Epe­ Voshell (1984): Catron Co (San Francisco R); orus undulatus: Sandoval Co (Jemez R). Peters Dona Ana Co (Rio Grande); Grant Co (Gila R). and Edmunds (1961): San Juan Co (San Juan NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Socorro R). Allen and Chao (1978b): Colfax Co (Cimar­ Co (Rio Grande). ron R); San Miguel Co (Pecos R); Taos Co REMARKs.-Isonychia intermedia is known (Red R). from several localities in Arizona and Chi­ NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Rio Arriba huahua (Kondratieff and Voshell 1984, Lugo­ Co (Rio Charoa). PERC: Grant Co (Gila R); Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a), in addition to Rio Arriba Co (Rio Brazos). those localities in New Mexico noted above. REMARKS.-Rhithrogena undulata is a west­ ln New Mexico it has been taken from the ern and central North American species, but it Gila River, Rio Grande, and San Francisco was originally described from New Mexico (Banks 1924). With respect to states adjacent River drainage systems in the southern part of to New Mexico, the species has been reported the state. We do not expect it to be found in from Arizona (Allen and Chao 1978b) and Col­ either the Rocky Mountain or Great Plains orado (Peters and Edmunds 1961), but it is prOVInces. not known from :Mexico, Oklahoma, or Texas. *Isonychia sicea McCafferty et a1. (1993) indicated that this (Walsh), 1862 species was confined to the western slope of the Colorado Plateau, and Lugo-Ortiz and DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Walsh (1862) as McCafferty (1995a) indicated that in Arizona it Baetis sicca Walsh; see also Kondratieff and was restricted to the Colorado River drainage Voshell (1984). Larva: Allen and Cohen (1977) system. However, it is not confined to the San as 1. sicea manGa (Eaton); see also Provonsha Juan River drainage system (middle Colorado and McCafferty (1982). River drainage system) in New Mexico but is NEW RECORDS.-BYU: Sandoval Co, Rio relatively widespread, being found in all main Grande, Coronado State Park, Bernalillo, 21­ drainage systems. VlII-1985, Baumann and Whiting (larvae). 300 CHEAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

RE.\1AHKs.-Isonychia sicca is a relatively REMARKs.-Tricorythodes candylus is a widespread species in North America (Kon­ southwestern species known from Arizona, dratieff and Voshell 1984), heing especially Chihuahua, New Mexico, and Sonora (Allen common in the Midwest, hut extending to 1967, Kilgore and Allen 1973, Lugo-Ortiz and Central America. \-Vith respect to arcas adja­ McCafferty 1994). In New Mexico it is known cent to New Mexico, it is common in Texas only from the Gila River drainage system. (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995h), hut has also heen reported from Chihuahua (Lugo­ Tricarythodes corpulenttts Ortiz and McCafferty 1996a) and Oklahoma Kilgore and Allen, 1973 (M cCafferty et al. 1997). Its discovery in New DESClUYnoNs.-Adult: unknown. Larva: Kil-· Mexico, where it is thus far known only from gore and Allen (1973). the Rio Grande drainage system, is somewhat PREVIOUS RECOHDS.-Kilgore and Allen expected. Larvae of 1. sicca and I. carnpestris (1973): Catron Co (Gila R). McDunnough, of which the latter occurs in REMARKS.-This species is known only from Alberta, Saskatchewan, Wyoming, northeast Utah, and northwest Colorado (Woodhury and the Gunnison River in Colorado ('''ard and Stanford 1990) and Gila River in New Mexico. Argyle 1963), cannot he distinguished confi­ dently (Kondratieff'md Voshell 1984). There­ McCafferty et al. (1993) pointed out that T. fc)re, although there is the possihility that lar­ corpulentus was only tentatively valid. \Ve vae we have seen helong to 1. carnpestris, the have not seen specimens ofthis species. Sandoval County record would appear morc Tricorythodes dimorphus consistent geographically with the range of 1. Allen, 1967 sicca. Also, the I. sicca identification is more consistent with larvae taken from the Rio DESCRIITIO'IS.-Adult: Kilgore and Allen Grande. Yanoviak and YlcCafferty (1995) (1973). Larva: Allen (1967). showed that 1. sicca is typically found in very PREVIOUS HECORDs.-Alleo (1967): Taos Co long stream regions (>200 km), whereas I. (Red R). Kilgore and Allen (1973): Catron Co carnpestris is known only from stream regions (N Glenwood); Grant Co (Sapillo Cr); Sierra 100--200 krn in length. Co (Rio Crande). RE\1ARKS.-This southwestern species is Leptohyphidae known from Arizona (Allen 1967, Kilgore and Leptohyphes apache Allen 1973, Gray 1981, Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ Allen, 1967 ferty 1995a), Chihuahua, and New Mexico (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1994). In New DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: unknown. Larva: Mexico it has heen taken from the Gila and Allen (1967). Rio Grande drainage systems. PREVIOUS HEcoRDs.-Allen (1967): Rio Arriha Co (Taylor Cr). Allen (1978): Catron Co Tricorythodes explicatus (San Francisco H); Grant Co (Gila R). (Eaton), 1892 REMARKS.-This southwestern species is known from Arizona and southern Utah (Allen DESCRIPTToNs.-Adult: Eaton (1892) as Tri­ 1967, 1978, Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a) corythus explicatus Eaton. Larva: Allen and and Chihuahua (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty Murvosh (1987c). 1994), in addition to New Mexico. In New PREVIOUS REcoHDs.-Allen and Murvosh Mexico, L. apache is known only from the Inter­ (1983): Dona Ana Co (trib Rio Grande). montane Plateau in the western part of the NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMIIU: Colfax state, including the Gila, San Francisco, and Co (Cieneguilla Cr, Six-mile Cr); Eddy Co San Juan River drainage systems. (Penasco R); Lincoln Co (Rio Huidoso); Rio Arriba Co (Rio Chama); Siena Co (Ilio Grande). Tricorythodes condylus PERC: S,m Juan Co (San Juan R). Allen, 1967 REMARKs.-This species is known from DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Allen (1967). Larva: Arizona and throughout northern Mexico (see Allen (1967). Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a, McCaf~ PHEVIOUS REcoHDs.-Kilgore and Allen ferty and Lugo-Ortiz 1996). In New Mexico, (1973): Catron Co (Gila R); Grant Co (Sapillo T. explicatus is relatively common and is now Cr). known from the Canadian River, Pecos River, 1997J NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 301

Rio Grande, and San Juan River drainage sys­ drainage system in Arizona, Colorado, and tems. Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1995a) in­ Utah, it could eventually also be found in that dicated some possibility that T. explicatus and drainage system in New Mexico. T. minutus Traver were synonymous. *Leptophlebia bradleyi Tricorythodes minutus Needham, 1932 Traver, 1935 DESCl\IPTIONS.-Adult: Needham (1932). DESCRIPTlONS.-Adult: Traver (1935). Larva: Larva: Berner (1975). Kilgore and Allen (1973). NEW RECORDS.-CSU: Eddy Co, Sitting Bull PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Kilgore and Allen Falls, 16-1-1993, S. Fitzgerald and S. Hoffman (1973): Catron Co (San Francisco R); Chaves (larvae, male adults). Co (Rio Penasco); Colfax Co (Ponil Cr); Grant REMARKS.-This species is known from the Co (Gila R); Lincoln Co (Rio Ruidoso); Mora southcastern USA and Texas (Henry and Kon­ Co (Mora R); Rio Arriba Co (Rio Chama); San­ dratieff 1982). Here we report it Ii'om New doval Co (jemez R); San Juan Co (San Juan Mexico near Texas in the lower Pecos River R); Sierra Co (Rio Grande); San Miguel Co drainage system. The New Mexico record rep­ (Sapello Cr); Santa Fe Co (Rio Grande); Taos resents the westernmost limits of its presently Co (1aos Cr). known range. REMARKS.-Tricorythodes minuius is appar­ ently widespread and ubiquitous in much of Neochoroterpes kossi Canada and the USA. It has not been found in (Allen), 1974 Mexico or Texas. It was reported as common DESCRII'TIONs.-Adult: Henry (1993). Larva: throughout much of Colorado by McCafferty Allen (1974) as Chorotel'pes kossi Allen; sec et a!. (1993). In New Mexico, Kilgore and also Henry (1993). Allen (1973) have reported it from all major PREVIOUS HEcoRDs.-Henry (1993): Catron drainage systems, although we have not secn Co (San Francisco R). any material of this species from the many col­ NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-PERC: Grant Co lections we have examined. Lugo-Ortiz and (Cherry Cr, Little Cr). McCafferty (1995a) indicated that T. minutus REMARKs.-In addition to New Mexico, N. could be easily confused with r explicatus kossi has been known from Arizona (Allen (see above). 1974), from where it was originally described, Leptophlebiidae and Texas (Henry 1993). Previous and new records from New Mexico are confined to the Choroterpes inornata Gila River drainage system. Eaton, 1892 *Neochuroterpes nanita DESClUPTIONS.-Adult: Eaton (1892). Larva: (Traver), 1934 Kilgore and Allen (1973). PUEVIOUS RECORDS.-Kilgore and Allen DESCRIPTIONS.-Adult: Traver (1934) as (1973): Catron Co (San Francisco R); Colfax Choroterpes nanita Traver; see also Henry Co (Cimarron R); Grant Co (Sapillo Cr); San (1993). Larva: Allen (1974) as C. nanita; see Miguel Co (Windsor Cr). also Henry (1993). NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Sandoval NEW RECORDs.-NMHU: San Miguel Co, Co (Rio Cebolla). PERC: Mora Co (Coyote Cr). Canadian R at Sanchez, 21-IlI-1988, L.R. REf\'IARKS.-In addition to New Mexico, the Smolka (larvae). southwestern species C. inornat'a is kno\ivn from REMARKs.-This species was previously Arizona and northern Mexico (Eaton 1892), known only from Texas (Traver 1934). In Nm\' including Chihuahua (Allen and Murvosh Mexico it has been taken in the Canadian River 1987b), Colorado (Ward and Berner 1980), and drainage system, which continues east into more recently in Texas (Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ Texas. ferty 1995b) and Utah (McCafferty and Mac­ Neochoroterpes oklahoma Donald 1994). In New Mexico, C. inomata is (Traver), 1934 now known from all major drainage systems except the San Juan River drainage system. DESCl\IPTIONS.-Adult: Travcr (1934) as Since it is found in the greater Colorado River Choroterpes oklahoma Traver; see also Henry 302 GREAT BASI:'oi NATURALIST [Volume ,57

(1993), Larva: Allen (1974) as C. mexicanus NEW HEcoHDs.-NMHU: Mora Co, Jack's Allen; see also Henry (J 993), CJ; 10,650 ft, 18-VI-HJ91, M. Hatch (larvae); Rio PHEVIOUS HEcoHDs.-IIenry (1993): Chaves Arriba Co, San Pedro Park, south entrance, Co (Rio Penasco); Eddy Co (Sitting Bull Falls). 13-VI-J981, S. Cary (male and female adults). NEW COUliTY HECORDS.-CSU: Colfax Co REVIARKS.-McDunnough (1924a) first de­ (Vermejo R). NMllU: Otero Co (Dog Canyon), scribed Paraleptophlehia heteronea bum Alberta. PERC: Mora Co (Coyote Cr). The species was misidentified from Colorado HEMARKS.-This species, which has been as Leptophlehia pallipes Hagen [now E rnemo­ known morc commonly by the synonyms Chor­ rialis, see below] by Dodds (1923) and was oterpes rnexicanus Allen or Ncochorot'erpes similarly misidentified from Utah somewhat mexicana (Allen) (see McCafferty et a!' 1993 later by Needham and Christenson (1927). and llenry 1993), is known from Colorado, Howevel~ it was correctly reported from those parts of Mexico (including Chihuahua), Okla­ states by Ward and Bemer (]980) and Edmunds homa, and Texas (see Henry 1993, McCafferty (1954), respedively. Our new records of this et a!' ] 993, Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf!crty 1996a). species in New Mexico are based on both the In New Mexico this species is now known more identifiable adults as well as larvae. In from the eastern part of the state in hoth the New Mexico it has been taken in the northern Canadian and Pecos River drainage systems. part ofthe state in the Canadian River and Rio Grande drainage systems. *Paraleptophlebia debilis (Walker), ]853 Paraleptophlebia memorialis (Eaton), 1884 DESCHWrIONs.-Adult: Walker 1853 as Baetis dehilis Walker; see also key of Harper and DEscRw]']oNs.-Adu]t: Eaton (]884) as Lep­ Harper (1986). Larva: Ide (1930) as Leptophlehia tophlebia memorialis Eaton; sec also key of dehilis. Harper and Harper (l986). Larva: Seemann NEW REcoRDs.-BYU: Eddy Co, Castle Cr, (1927) as Leptophlehia rufivenosa Eaton 1884; Black River Village, 14-1-1987, Baumann, Sar­ see also Kilgore and Allen (1973), gent, and Kondratieff (larvae). PERC: Grant PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Peters and Edmunds Co, N of Silver City, Cherry CJ; 2.4 mi N of (196]) as Pamleptophlehia pallipes: San Juan Cherry Creek Campgrounds, 7-Vll-1969, R.W Co (San Juan R), Kilgore and Allen (1973): Koss, Wr. McCafferty, and A.V Provonsha (lar­ Catron Co (Whitewater R); Lincoln Co (Cr at vae); Sandoval Co, ca 32 km W of Los Alamos, Pine Lodge). Santa Fe National :Forest, Las Conchas Picnic NEW COUNTY HECOHDS.-BYU: Sandoval Co Site, E f{Jrk Jemez R, 1-lX-1969, R. and D, (Jemez R). PERC: Colfax Co (Cimarron R); Koss; San Miguel Co, 1 mi N of Pecos, Pecos San Miguel Co (Pecos R); Rio Arriba Co (Rio R, just helow Lisboa Springs Fish Hatchery, Brazos); Taos Co (Pueblo Cr). 31-V1II-1969, R. and D. Koss (larvae). RE:\1ARKs.-This common western species REMAHKS.-This transcontinental species is is known from all USA states adjacent to New known from Colorado (Ward and Stanford Mexico, except Oklahoma and Texas (Edmunds 1990) and Utah (Edmunds 19.54) but no otber ]954, Argyle and Edmunds 1962, Kilgore and states adjoining New Mexico. Its presence in Allen 1973). l'araleptophlehia rnernorialis bas New Mexico therefore appears to represent often been recorded under its junior synonym the southernmost range limits in western North Leptophlehia pallipes Hagen, which proved to America. In New Mexico, P debilis is presently be an unavailable name because it was a known from all major drainage systems with homonym of L. pallipes (Walker), 1875. Pam­ the exception of the San Francisco and San leptaphlebia rnellwrialis has been taken in Juan River drainage systems. Mexico only in Baja California (Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1994). In New Mexico it is *Paraleplophlehia heteronea now known from all major drainage systems. (McDunnough), 1924 Thraulodes hrunneus DEscHw]']oNs.-Adult: McDunnough (]924a) Koss, 1966 as Leptophlehia heteronea McDunnough; sec also key of Harper and Harper (]986). Larva: DESCHIPT!ONS.-Adult: Koss (1966). Larva: not published. Kilgore and Allen (1973). 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 303

PREVIOUS RECORDS.-Koss (1966): Grant Co record cited above) we have seen this species (N Silver City). in Catron County from the west fork of the NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-PERC: Catron Co Gila River and White Water Creek. In New (Gila R). Mexico the species is known only from the REMARKs.-Thraulodes brunne"" is known Gila River drainage system. from Arizona and New Mexico, and through­ Traverella albertana out much of Mexico including Chihuahua (McDunnough), 1931 (Allen and Murvosh 198Th). In the USA it has been taken only from the Gila River drainage Descriptions.-Adult: McDunnough (1931a) system. as Thraul"" albertan"" McDunnough; see also Traver and Edmunds (1967). Larva: Edmunds *Thraulodes gonzalesi (1948). Traver and Edmunds, 1967 PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Kilgore and Allen DESCRIPTION.-Adult: Traver and Edmunds (1973) as Traverella castanea: Catron Co (San Francisco R); Grant Co (Gila R). (1967). Larva: Traver and Edmunds (1967). NEW COUNTY RECORDS.-NMHU: Santa Fe NEW RECORDs.-BYU: Grant Co, Sapillo Co (Rio Grande). Cr, jet with Gila R, 1555 m, 26-V-1985, B. REMARKs.-Traverella castanea Kilgore and Jensen ~arva). NMHU: Grant Co, E fork Gila Allen was shown to he a junior synonym of T. R, nr Grapevine, 1950 m, 12-X-1993, P. Stew­ alhertana by Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1995a). ~arvae). art PERC: Grant Co, Sapillo Cr, Rd This western species, therefore, is known from 15, Gila National Forest, 7-V-1981, WP. McCaf­ Alberta and Saskatchewan south to Chihuahua ferty, A.v Provonsha, and D. Bloodgood ~arvae). (see Allen 1973, Allen and Murvosh 198Th, REMARKs.-Thraulodes salin"" Kilgore and Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995a, 1996a). Allen was recently shown by Lugo-Ortiz and Although it is known from the surrounding McCafferty (1995a) to be a junior synonym of areas of Arizona, Chihuahua, and Colorado, it T gonzalesi. Therefore, in addition to the new is not known from Texas. In New Mexico it New Mexico distribution, the species is known has been taken only in the Gila River, upper from Arizona (Kilgore and Allen 1973), Mexico Rio Grande, and San Francisco River drainage (including Chihuahua; Allen and Brusca 1978), systems. and Texas (Traver and Edmunds 1967). In New Oligoneuriidae Mexico it has been taken only in the Gila River drainage system, Homoeoneuria alleni Pescador and Peters, 1980 Thraulodes specios"" Traver, 1934 DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: unknown. Larva: Pes­ cador and Peters (1980). DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: Traver (1934). Larva: PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Pescador and Peters Mayo (1969). (1980): Dona Ana Co (Rio Grande). PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Durfee and Kondra­ REMARKS.-This species was originally de­ tieff (1995) as T arizonicus: Catron Co (Taylor scribed from New Mexico by Pescador and Cr). Peters (1980), and those authors also reported NEW COUNTY RECORDs.-BYU: Grant Co it from Chihuahua and Utah. It has since been (Turkey Cr). found in Colorado by Durfee and Kondratieff REMARKs.-Thraulodes arizonic"" Kilgore (1994). In New Mexico it is known only from and Allen was recently shown to be a junior the lower Rio Grande. synonym of T specios"" by Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty (1995a). This species previously Lachlania dencyannae has been known only from Arizona (Traver Koss, 1970 1934) and northern Mexico (Allen and Murvosh DESCRIITIONS.-Adult: Koss and Edmunds 198Th, Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1996a), (1970) as L. dencyanna. Larva: Koss and Ed­ including Chihuahua. Allen and Brusca (1978) munds (1970) as L. dencyanna. may have seen material from New Mexico be­ PREVIOUS REcoRDs.-Koss and Edmunds cause they plotted the species in New Mexico (1970): Grant Co (Gila R). on a range map but presented no substantiat­ REMARKs.-This is the only species of North ing data for it. In addition to the new county American mayflies known exclusively from 304 GREAT BASIN NATUHALlST [Volume 57

New Mexico and therefore endemic to the state from Mexico in adjacent Chihuahua (Lugo­ and the Gila River drainage system, It may Ortiz and McCafferty 1994) and as far south as eventually be found in the Gila River drainage Hidalgo (Lugo-Ortiz and McCaflerty 1996a), system area of eastern Arizona. We consider In New Mexico it has been taken in all major this species rare and endangered (sec Species drainage systems except the Canadian River of Special Concern below), The euding of the drainage system. specific epithet of this species has been emended to conform to rules of nomenclature because it FAUNISTICS was based on a modern female name (Deney Regional Affinities Anne) latinizcd by the original author and thus should have further been given the appropri­ We have categorized New Mexico mayflies ate genitive ending. by their general regional geographic affinities and present this data in Table 1. Western species *Lachlania saskatchewanensis arc those that have a considerable north-south Ide, 1941 distribution pattern in western North Amer­ DESCRIPTIONS,-Adult: Ide (1941); see also ica. Only those New Mexico mayflies found Edmunds (1951) as L. poweUi Edmunds, Larva: north of Colorado and Utah and not in Texas Edmunds (1951) as L. powelli, (unless restricted to west l:0xas) are consid­ NEW HECORDS,-PERC: San Juan Co, San ered in the western species category. 1wo sub­ Juan R, Blanco, State Hwy 17 bridge, lO-VIII­ categories of such western mayflies are infor­ 1961, D,W Argyle (larva); San Juan Co, Animas mative with respect to faunistics. These sub­ R, Hwy 17 bridge, Farmington, 25-X-1961, categories segregate those species in which D. W Argyle (larva), New Mexico is the southern limit of their REMARKs,-MeCafferty (1996) recently ranges, and those that occur further south showed S, powelli Edmunds from Utah (Ed­ than New Mexico and Arizona. Southwestern munds 1951) and Mexico (Lugo-Ortiz and species arc the 2nd main distributional cate­ McCaflerty 1994) to be a junior synonym ofL. gory for New Mexico mayflies. These species saskatchewanensi,s. Thus, L. saskatchewanen­ occur no further north than Colorado or Utah, sis, occurs from Saskatchewan to Guerrero in and no further east than Oklahoma or Texas. Mexico. It is known from the adjacent state of Widespread species are the 3rd main distribu­ Colorado (McCaflerty et al, 1993) but is not tional category. 111ese are New Mexico species reported from Arizona, Chihuahua, or Texas. that are western but also occur in at least 1 In New Mexico it has been taken only in thc other large region ofthe continent, i.e., central, San Juan River drainage system. northeastern, or southeastern. Mexican species Siphlonuridae constitute a 4th category. New Mexico species placed in this category are distributed mainly Siphlonurus occidentalis (Eaton), 1885 through Mexico and occur no further north DESCHIPTJON,~Adult: Eaton (1885) as than Arizona, New Mexico, or Texas. Southern Siphlurus occidentalis Eaton. Larva: Clemens species constitute a 5th category. New Mexico (1915), species placed in this category are distributed PIlEVlOUS RECoRD,~Traver (1935): Santa in the southern USA further east than Texas, Fe Co (Santa Fe R), Peters and Edmunds (1961): and range no further north than New Mexico San Juan Co (San Juan R), Durfee and Kon­ in the West. Eastern species constitute a 6th dratieff(1995): Catron Co (Taylor Cr), category. These species occur in the central NEW COUNTY RECOHDS,~BYU: Grant Co and northeastern USA in addition to New (Gila R, Turkey Cr), NMHU: Otero Co (Agua Mexico. Chiquita); Taos Co (Rio Hondo), PERC: Grant Table 1 shows that the largest component of Co (Buck Cl; Cherry Cr, Little Cr, Sapillo Cr); the New Mexico mayfly fauna is made up of San Miguel Co (Pecos R); Taos Co (Rio Grande), species generally well represented in the West. REMAI\Ks,-McCafferty et ai. (1993) indi­ Most ofthese western species are restricted to cated that S. occidentalis was the most common the USA and Canada, with New Mexico, or species of Siphlonurus in western North Amer­ New Mexico and Arizona, representing their ica. It is known from all USA states adjoining southern range limit. Moreover, many of these New Mexico except 1cxas, and was reported latter species (e,g" Drunella grandi.'!, Epeorus 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 305

TABLE 1. Major geographic affinities of the New Mexico mayfly species. See text for detailed definitions ofthe distribu­ tional categories. Western species Southern limits at NM Southern limits south of NM Amewtus sparsatus tEphemerella infrequens Acentrella insignificans :tAmetropus albrighti Heptagenia elegantula Baetis magnus tAttenella margarita Heptagenia soli:taria Caenis bajaensis tBaetis bicaudatus Leucrocuta petersi Callibaetis rictus tCinygmula par Nixe criddlei Camelobaetidius warreni tDruneUa coloradensis Nixe simplicioides Lachla-nia saskatchewanensis tVruneUa dodds! fparaleptophlebia heteronea Paraleptophlebia memorialis tVruneUa grand" Procloeon conturbatum Rhithrogena rnorrisoni tEpeorus albertae tRhithrogena robusta Serratella micheneri tEpeorttS deceputntS t Serratella tibialis Siphlonurt/..S occidentalis tEpeorus longimanus tTimpanoga hecuba Traverella alhertana Ephemerella inermis Southwestern species Ameletus doddsianus Epeorus margarita Neochoroterpes oklalwnut Ameletus IOOus Ephemerella altana Rhithrogena hageni Baetis adonis Ephemerella moUitia Rhithrogena plana Baetf,s caelestis Homoeoneuria alleni :f:Rhithrogena vitta Baetis notos lsonychia intermedia Thraulodes gonzalesi Baetodes edmundsi tLabiobaetis apache Tric01"ythodes condylus Camelobaetidius mussed tuwhlania dencyanlUle Tricorytlwdes corpulentus Choroterpes inornata Neoclwroterpes kossi Tricorythodes dimorphus fCloeodes I1wcrolamellus Neochoroterpes nanita Tricorythodes explicatus

Widespread species AcentreUa turbida Callibaetis fluctuans Isonychia sicca Baetis jlavistriga Ephemera simulans Paraleptophlebia debilis Baetis tricaudatus Fallceon Quillen Rhithrogena undulata Caenis latipennis Hexagenia limhata Tricorythodes rninutus Callihaetis fel't'lJ.gineus Mexican species Baetodes deficiens Thraulodes brunneus Thraulodes speciosus Callibaetis rnontanus Southern species Leptophlebia hradleyi Eastern species Labiohaetis propinquus

tSpecies restricted to mountain streams. *FOund 0<11y in the greater (',olorado Hiver drainage ~y~tem. longimanus) are restricted to mountain streams, restricted to the greater Colorado River drain­ and some have their southern range limit in age system, the Rocky Mountain Province of northern Thirteen species in New Mexico are con­ New Mexico (e.g., Serratella tihialis). None of sidered widespread. Some of these are rela­ the western species whose ranges extend into tively ubiquitous (e.g., Baetis tricaudatus, Calr Mexico are restricted exclusively to mountain lwactis jerrugineus, Tricorythodes minutus). sb"eams. Ephemera simulans has its southwestern range The more geographically restricted, south­ limit represented in New Mexico. On the other western species in New Mexico make up almost hand, Caenis latipennis and Fallceon quilleri as large a component as the western species in are widely distributed in much of the USA but New Mexico. None of these species are re~ also occur through Mexico and Central Amer­ strided to mountain streams except Cloeodes ica. Acentrella turbida is widespread but gener­ macrolamellus, but that species is not found at ally found in cool, well-oxygenated water and high altitudes. The southwestern species Lab­ thus, in New Mexico, is found in mountain iobactis apache and Lachlania dencyannae are streams. 306 GHEAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

Four species represent an essentially Mexi­ can be made with a comparative index that can fauna in New Mexico. Of thcse, all hut takes into account the degrec of similarity and Callibaetis montanU8 arc restricted in distribu­ difference in the faunas of any 2 regions. We tion in New Mexico to the Gila River drainage have used Sorensen's (:oefficient of similarity systcm. Although C. montanus has invaded (SC) to compare New Mexico more thor­ other drainage systems in the state besides the oughly with each of its broadly adjoining Gila, it is restricted to lowcr lying areas (San states [SC = 2aI(2a + b + c), where a = num­ Juan River and southernmost area of the Rio ber of species in common between New Mex­ Grande dminage systcm). Baetocks defwiens is ico and a comparative SL1.te. b = the nmnber notable because its presence in Sapilla Creek of species in ew Mexico. and c = the num­ (Gila l\iver drainage system) is its only known ber of species in the comparativc state]. The occurrence in the USA, results of such calculations, taking into consid­ Two species show atypical distribution pat­ eration any recent taxonomic revisions such as terns by their presence in New Mexico. Lep­ Zloty (1996), are as follows: for New Mexico tophlehia hnulu,yi is a southern species that and Arizona. there are 52 species in common reaches it..;: westernmost limits in extreme south­ and SC = 0.41; for New Mexico and Chihua­ eastern New Mexicc. Labiohaetis pmpinquus bua, 18 species in common and SC = 0.35; for is a mainly central USA species that has its New Mexico and Colorado. 48 species in com­ southwestern range limit in northeastern and mon and SC = 0.35; and for New Mexico and south central New Mexico. We regard its dis­ Texas, 22 species in common and SC =:; 0.20. trihution in New Mexico ali anomaJous since it To a large extent, Arizona mirrors the aquatic does not Ht any predictable pattern. However, environment of New Mexico. 'The shared may­ the species may prove to he more widespread fly fauna of the 2 states is mainly southwestern in North America than now thought and there­ but also contains many of the western moun­ fore lall into tJ,e widespread category. tain species (Table 1). This acconnts lor the We have documented the occurrence of a high coefficient of similarity lor these 2 states. tohu of 12 families, 37 genera, and 81 species of Eighteen of the 27 species thns far known mayflies in the state of New Mexico. By com­ from Chihuahua occur in New Mexico, and parison with broadly adjoining states, 91amilies, this is the main reason for considerable simi­ 28 genera, and 66 species have been recorded larity between these states. With respect to re­ for Arizona (see Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty lationships with Colorado, just as with Arizona, 199,5a, Zloty 1996); 5 hlmilies, 14 genera, and over half of the New Mexico species are found 27 species have been recorded lor Chihuahua in Colorado also. However, less than half of (see Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995d, 1996a, the Colorado species are found in Ncw Mexico; McCafferty and Lugo-Ortiz 1996); 14 families, this is hecause of a considerable number of 44 genera, and 100 spccies lor Colorado (see more boreal transcontinental species that occur McCafferty et al. 1993, Durfee and Kondra­ in Colorado (McGaHerty et al. 1993) but not tieff 1994); and 11 families, 34 gcnera, and 92 New Mexico. The large number of shared species for Texas (see Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ mountain species (aU those mountain-restricted ferty 1995b). Thc low number of laxa for the species shown under the Western [southern Mexican state of Chihuahua is due to the more limits New Mexico] categories of Table 1) is restricted availability of freshwater habitats in oflset by the fact that many of the southwest­ that primarily desert area and also the fact that em species in ew Mexico do not reach Col­ cullecting eflarts there have not been on a par orado. thus giving a basically intermediate with those in the other states mentioned. On cocmcient of similarity between the 2 states. the other hand, thc relatively high mayfly laxa The low coefficient of similarity between New number in Colorado is due to the diverse Mexico and Texas is explained hy the fact that topography and array of freshwater habitats only one of the basically eastern and south­ availahle in that state as well as the fact that c..'ll)tcrn species of east and centrdl Texas (see Colorado has been one of the better worked Lugo-Ortiz and McCafferty 1995b) reaches New North American regions with respect to sam­ Mexico, and in the same respect, western moun­ pling; ofaquatic macroinve..tcbrates. tain species of New Mexico do not reach Texas. A more inf.ormative compiuison of the New 'n,e vast majority of the 22 specics shared hy Mexicc m"yfly f"una with that ofother regions New M.exico and Texas are southwestern or 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 307

Mexican species, but some arc widespread. (Fig. 2). By summing all intra-drainage coeffi­ Acent1'ella j,nsignificans represents a rare case cients for each ofthe drainage systems, we can of a species distributed mainly in the North­ see that the Rio Grande system fauna is most west, but which has also penetrated west Texas, representative of the entire New Mexico fauna, evidently via the Canadian and Pecos River whereas the San Juan and Canadian system drainage systems, faunas are least representative of the state. Eighteen New Mexico mayfly species are Drainage Sy,tcm Relatiomhips known exclusively from western drainages in In Table 2 we have sorted the New Mexico the state (San Jnan, Zuni, San Franci,eo, Gila), mayfly species by major drainage system. and 23 species are known exclusively from Species richness is greatest in the Gila system eastern drainages (essentially all drainages east (49 ,pecic,), followed elosely by the Rio Grande of the continental divide: Dry Cimarron, Cana­ (46 species), then Pecos (39 specie,), Canadian dian, Rio Grande, Pecos; see Table 2, Fig. 1). (29 species), and finally San Juan (25 species). The genera to which these exclusive drainage The Gila, although not large compared with system species belong can be considered with some other drainages, does have a unique com­ respect to their recent biogeographic origins plex of both western mountain species and (Edmunds et aJ. 1976, McCafferty et al. 1992). species that could be considered lowland Twelve of the 18 species confined to the west­ species, many of which are southwestern or ern drainage systems are species that arc mem­ Mexican. The species richness of the Rio bers of genera that have recent Neotropical Grande and Pecos systems is in large part due biogeographic origins (Baetodes, Camelohae­ to the western mountain species present in tidius, Leptohyplws, Tricorythodes, Thrau/odes, headwaters and mountain tributaries, and the Lachlnnia). On the other hand, nearly all species range of habitats represented over their rela­ (22 of23) that ale found exclusively in eastern tively long courses, including large, low-lying drainages in New Mexico belong to genera rivers. The Canadian and San Juan systems that have boreal Nearctic biogeographic ori­ are somewhat restricted both in area and in gins (Ameletus, Baetis, Labiohaetis, Caenis, habitats, both primarily with low-lying courses Attenella, Drunella, Ephemerella, Serratella, with considerable silting, particularly the San 1Ympanoga, Ephemera, Hexagenia., Cinygmula., Juan. A number of species collected from the Epeorus, Rhithrogcna, Isonychia, Ncochoro­ San Juan River prior to 1961 may no longer he terpes, Leptophkbia, Paral.eptophkbia, Horrweo­ present there (see Species of Special Concern ncuria). This comparison suggests that the below). greater Colorado drainage system has heen a If intrastate comparisons of the drainage­ major northern dispersal corridor for mayflies system mayfly faunas are made by calculating during its 3.5-million-year existence. It also Sorensen's coefficients (see formulation ahove), suggests that the greater Rio Grande drainage it becomes apparent that the greatest similar­ system has not been amenable to northern dis­ ity of any 2 systems is that shown by the Gila persal of austral taxa, but has been primarily and Rio Grande systems (Fig. 2), which also colonized from the north. However, mountain happen to be the richest systems. The Pecos species found exclusively in the eastern drain­ system is also relatively similar to both the age systems (there are 9 of these) evidently Cila and Rio Grande (Fig. 2). The least simi­ have heen limited to the northern part of the larity is shown between the Gila and Canadian state by topography. The 38 species of New systems, probably due to the distancc betwecn Mexico mayflies that occur in both eastern and them, compounded by the fact that one is a western drainage systems in the state helong western drainage and the other an eastern to a mix of Nearctic and Neotropical genera drainage, and by their overall dissimilarity in and demonstrate that none of the drainage habitat availability. The Canadian system has systems in New Mexico should be considered only 14 species in common with the San Juan one-way corridors. system and another 14 in common with the Species of Special Concern Gila system. Factoring in the f~lUnal size ofthe systems in question, however, shows that the Recent studies ofthe mayflies of the South­ Ccmadian and San Juan systems have a greater west indicate that only I endemic species occurs similarity than the Canadian and Gila systems in New Mexico. It is Lachlania dencyannae, a 308 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

TABLL~ 2. Drainage system distributions of New ~vIexico mayfly species. San Juan (including Zuni) Acentrella insignificans Ephemerella mollitia Paraleptophlehia memorialis Ametropus aUJrighti Heptagenia elegantula Procloeon conturbatum Baetis jlavistriga Heptagenia solitaria Rhithrogena morrisoni Baetis tricaudatus Labiobaetis apache Rhithmgena undulata Callihaetis jerrugineus Lachlania saskatchewanensis Serratella micheneri Callihaetis montanus Leptohyphes apache Siphlonurus occidentalis Callihaetis rictus Nixe criddlei Tricorythodes explicatus Camelohaetidius warreni Nixe simplicioides Tricorythodes minutu8 Ephemerel1a inennis Gila (including San Francisco) Acentrella insignificans Dmnella doddsi Paraleptophlebia debilis Ameletus dodds-janus Epeoms cleceptiws Paraleptophlebia memorialis Baetis hicaudatus Epeoms longimanus Rhithrogena plana Baetis caelestis Epeorus margarita Rhithrogena mbusta Baetis magnus Drunella grandis Rhithrogena undulata BaeUs 110tos Ephemerella altana Rhithrogena vitta 13aetis tricaudatus Ephemerella inermis Serratella micheneri Baetodes deficiens Fallceon quilleri Siphlonurus occidentalis Baetodes eclmunclsi Heptagenia solitaria Thraulodes brunneus Caenis !Jajaensis !sonychia intermedia Thraulodes gonzalesi Callihaetis jerrugineus Lachlania dencyannae Thraulodes speciosus Callibaetis montanus Leptohyphes apache Tnwerella albertana Calli!Jaetis pictus Leucrucuta petersi Tricorythodes condylus Camelo!Jaeticlius musseri Neochoroterpes kossi Tricorytlwdes corpulentus Camelohaeticlius warreni Nixe criddlei Tricorytlwdes dimorphus Choroterpes inoTnato Nixe simplicioides TricorytJwdes minutus Cloeodes macrolanl.ellus Canadian (including Dry Cimarron) Acentrella insign{{icans Drunella grandis Nixe simplicioides Bactis hicaudatus Ephemerello altona Paraleptophlebia debilis Bactis magnus Ephemerella inermis Paraleptophlebia heteronea 13aetis notos Heptagenia elegantula Paraleptophlebia memorialis Bactis tricaudatus Heptagenia solitaria Rhithrogena morrisoni Bactodes cdmundsi Labiobaetis propinquus Rhithrogena undulata Cacnis hqjoensis Leucrocuto petersi Serratella micheneri Camelohactidius warreni Neochoroterpes llonita Tricorythodes explicatus CJwroterpes irwrnata Neochoroterpes oklahoma Tricorythodes minutus Drunclla doddsi Nixe criddlei

notably distinct and unique mayfly with a age system can therefore be viewed as a re­ restrictive habitat (Koss and Edmunds 1970). fugium in New Mexico for certain southwest­ Most other species once thought to be ern species. In addition, Lachlania is a highly endemic to New Mexico have eventually been unusual group of mayflies with rapid flight f(mnd in Arizona, often in the same drainage habits and associated wing morphology unique system (middle or lower Colorado River draiu­ among the Ephemeroptera (see Edmunds et age system). Laddania dencyannae deserves al. 1976) and a molting process unique among special attention for other reasons, beside its all insects (see Edmunds and McCafferty 1988). being endemic. It is limited in distribution to Given the highly restricted rauge and remark­ the Gila River draiuage system. Camelobaetid­ able nature of this mayfly species, we recom­ ius musseri, CltJeodes macrolamellus, Rhithro­ mend that L. dencyannae be given special con­ gena vitta, Tricorythodes condylus, T. corpu­ sideration as a rare and endangered species, lentus, Neochoroterpes kossi, Thraulodes brun­ both at the state and federal levels. Because of neus, T. gonzalesi, and T. speciosus are addi­ the degradation of the Gila River, especially in tional New Mexico species that are found only Arizona (see e.g., McNamee 1994), and impend­ in the Gila River drainage system. This drain- ing degradation in New Mexico, we suggest 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 309

TABLE 2. Continued. Rio Grande Acentrella insignijlcans Epeoros deceptilJUS Paraleptophkbia Jwteronea &entrella turbida Epeorus IOflgitlUJIlUS Paraleptophhbia memoria/is Ameletus doddsWllus EpeOJll$ margarita Rhithrogena hageni Amefetus[alms Ephemera simulons Rhithrogena morrisoni AtteneUu margarita Ephemerella altQl10 Rhithrogena plana Saehs bicoudatus Ephemerella incrmis Rhithrogena robusta Baetis magnus Ephemerella infrequens Rhithrogena undulatl.l Baetis tli.caudatus Fallc€01'l QUillen Serratella micheneri Callibaetis ferrugineus Heptagenia solitario Serratella tibialis Callibaetis montanu8 Homoeoneuria alleni Siphlonurus occidenudis CaUibaetis pictus Isonychia intennedia Timpanoga hecuba Choroterpes inomata Isonychia sicca TravereUa albetiana Drunella colomdensis Nixe cridcflei Tmorythodes dimorphus Dnmella doddsi Nixe simplicioides Tricorytlwdes explicatus Dronella grandis Parafeptophlebia debit;., Tricorytlwdes minutus Epeorvs albertae Pecos AcentTeUa insignifican$ Callibaetfs pictus Lepwphlema bmdieyi Acentrella turbida Choroterpes inomata Neochoroterpe$ oklo.llOma Ameletw[alms Ci11lJgmukJ par Niu criddlei Ameletus sparsatus Drunella coloradensis Nixe simplicioid8$ Attenella margarita Dronella doddsi Paraleptophlebia debilis Baetis adonis Dnmclla grandis Paraleptophlebia memorialis Soetis bicaudatus Epeorus deceptivus Rhithrogena mornsoni Sociis caelestis EpeQrUS lottgimanus Rhithrogena undulata Baetis magnus Ephemerel1(1 altana Serratella micheneri Baetis tricaudatus Ephemerella inermis Siphlonurus occidentulis Caenis latipennis Fallceon Quillen Timpanoga hecuba Callibaetis ferrugineus Hexagenia bilineata Tncorythodes explicatus Callibaetis jluctuans Labiobaetis propinquus Tricorythodes minutus

that the other Gila IUver drainage system mayfly County Oower Pecos River drainage system). It species. mentioned above. minimally be con­ may have only recently invaded the state, and sidered at risk. we expect that it may become more widespread We consider the following mayfly species if it is relatively vagile as is typical of other rare or, in some cases, possibly recently extir­ species in the genus (McCafferty et al. 1992). pated in New Mexico. Ametropus albrighti is a Procloeon conturbatum is known in New Mex­ sand-dwelling mayfly with very specific habitat ico only from adult males taken at the San reqnirements (see Clifford and Barton 1979) Juan River. uptophlebia bradleyi is k'Tlown only that has been taken only in the San Juan River from a single sample from Eddy County, which in New Mexico and the Green River system in apparently is the westernmost record of this the region where Colorado, Wyoming, and Utab southern USA species. Neochoroterpes nanita is meet (Allen and Edmunds 1976). Although known from only 1 sample from the Canadian such sand-dwelling species can be difficult to River in San Miguel County. Otherwise, it is sample (McCafferty 1991), A. albrighti has not known only from central and east central been taken in New Mexico since 1935. Sub­ Texas (Henry 1993, Lugo-Ortiz and McCaf­ lette et al. (1990) discussed the changes to the ferty 1995b). Rhithrogena hageni is known San Juan River related to a recent host oflarge­ only from an isolated fringe population in the scale irrigation facilities in the San Juan Basin Red River in Taos County, upper IUo Grande and construction of the avajo Dam. Calli­ drainage system. A1tbough also rare in Arizona, blJ£lis jluctuans is a common species elsewhere, it is relatively common in Colorado. but in New Mexico it has been taken only from Hexagenia bilineata is a la.rge, common, and a single sample from Castle Creek in Eddy well-known species in eastern and central areas 310 GREAT BASIN NATURALIST [Volume 57

G c R p singular New Mexico record was questioned by Allen and Edmunds (1965), the fact that the species is also known in California from s 15[.291 13[.33] 16[.31] 14[.27) the San Gabriel Mountains (as is B. adonis above) would possibly add credence to the G 13[.25] 30[.39] 22[.36] New Mexico report. If it was taken from New Mexico, it may now be extirpated there due to alteration of habitats in the San Juan River c 17[.311 15[.31] that have occurred in the last half of this cen­ tury. It is possible that Leucrocuta petersi pres­ ently occurs only in Nevv Mexico. Outside of R 25[.37) New Mexico the species has been known only Fig. 2. Matrix of New Mexico species shared by, and from the Green River of northeastern Utah S()n~n~en's cocfIicients of similarity [in brackets] between, and southwestern Wyoming. However, the major drainage systems in New :\texico. S = San Juan + species may now be extirpated in these latter Zuni, G = Gila + San Francisco, C = Canadian + Dry states because the construction of Flaming Cimarron, R = Hio Grande, P = Pecos. Gorge Dam bas had some detrimental effects on mayflies of that area (Edmunds personal of North America. In Nevv Mexico, however, communication), and L. petersi has not been its distribution is disjunct, the population is found there subsequent to the collections of unusual (see Species Accounts above), and the the type material (1945, 1962; Allen 1966). The single habitat where it is found is a one-of-a­ species apparently is common in the Gila River kind area in the state. It consists of a 1-km­ drainage system in New Mexico, and it has also long, 2-m-deep pool with fine, calcareous sed­ been taken in a sample from the Canadian iments. It is located just upstream from Harkey River drainage system in another part of the crossing on the Black River (Eddy County). state. We doubt there is another habitat with this type ofburrowing substrate (required by Hexa­ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS genia mayflies) in New Mexico. The road cross­ ing mentioned above acts as a partial dam We thank Dick Baumann (Provo, Utah), across the limestone basin, and any alteration George Edmunds (Salt Lake City, Utah), and of the crossing or roadwork would seriously Boris Kondratieff (Fort Collins, Colorado) for affect the depositional nature and sediment the loan and donation of collections of New trapping feature ofthe extensive pool. Mexico mayflies. 'Ve also thank Arwin Provon­ Hornoeoneuria alleni is known somewhat sha (West Lafayette, Indiana) for the artwork. north and south of New Mexico. In New Mex­ To all those who have collected mayflies in New ico it has been taken only once from the lower Mexico beginning in the 1960s and wbose Rio Grande in Dona Ana County. However, names appear in the New Records sections of we expect that this sand-dwelling species is this paper, we offer our sincere gratitude for difficult to collect in larger rivers. Likewise, making this study possible. We also thank S.L. Lachlania saskatchewanensis, known only from Josepb and A.R. Alexander, who collected new the San Juan River drainage system in New county records, but whose names did not appear Mexico, is also difficult to sample and in reality in the text. The research was supported in part may not be rare. by a grant from the American Philosophical Baetis adonis, Ephernerella nwllitia, and Leu­ Society. Additional financial support for some crocuta petersi are apparently rare North Amer­ collections since 1991 was provided in part by ican species. Baetis adonis is known only from Grant F-59-R through the Federal Aid in Sport the San Gabriel Mountains of southern Cali­ Fisb Restoration Program administered by the fornia and the upper Pecos River in the foot­ New Mexico Department ofGame and Fish and hills of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in San the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for develop­ ~/Iiguel County, New Mexico. Ephemerella ment of an index of biotic integrity (!BI) for mollitia is also known only from California and surface waters of New Mexico. The study has New Mexico. Although it has not been reported been assigned Purdue Agricultural Researcb from the San Juan River since 1935 and this Program Journal Number 15347. 1997] NEW MEXICO MAYFLIES 311

LITERATURE Cmm croplera), with notes. Canadian Entomologist 119: 1095-1099. ALLEN, RK 1966. ~ew species oflieptagenia from western __-,-;" 19H7b. Leptophlebiidae of the southwestern North America (Ephemeroptera: Heptagcniidac). United Sates and northwestern Mexico (inseda: Canadian Entomologist 9H:80-82. Ephemeroptera). Creat Basin Naturalist 47:283-286. ~_",' 1967. Ne\v species of Kew World Lcptohyphinae __---,:. 1987c. Mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ihcorythidae) (Ephcmcroptcra: Tricorythidae). Canadian Entomol­ of the southwestern United States and Northern ogist 99:350-37,3. Mexico. Annals ofthe Entomological Society of Amer­ __",' H.l68. New species and records of Ephernerella ica 80:35-40. (EphemereUa) in western North America (Ephemerop­ ARGYU:, o.\V., AN)) C.E EO;-"1UI\OS, JI{. 1962. Mayflies tera: Ephcmercllidae). Journal of the Kansas Ento­ (Ephemeroptera) of the Cnrecanti Reservoir Dasin, mological Society 41:557-567. Gunnison River, Colorado. University of Utah Anthro­ __-;-" 1974, Neochoruterpes, a new subgenus of Chom­ pological Papers 59:178-189. ferpes Eaton from North America (Ephcmerop­ BAKKS, N. 1900. New genera and species of Nearctic neu­ tera: Leptophlebiidac). Canadian Entomologist 106: ropteroid insects. Transactions of the American 161-16H, Entomological Society 26:239-259. __-,-' 1978. The nymphs of :--.Jorth and Central American __-,--.1907. A new mayfly ofthe genus Caenis. Entomo­ Leptohyphes (Ephcmeroptcra: Tricorylhidae). Annals logical I\cws 18:13-14. ofthe Entomological Society of America 71:537~5.58. __-;;-' 1924. Descriptions of new neuropteroicl insects. ALLEN, R.K., AND RC. BRUSCA. 1978. Generic revisions of Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, mayfly nymphs. II. Thraulodes in Norlh and Central IIarvard University 62:2-22. America (Leptophlebiidae). Canadian Entomologist BEDNAHIK, A.E, AN)) G.P: EDMUNDS, JR. 1980. Descrip­ llOAI3-433, tions of larval Heptagcnia from the Rocky Mountain ALLEN, RK., AND E.S.M. CHAO. 1978a. Mayflies of the region (Ephcmeroptera: Heptageniidae). Pan-Pacific Southwest: new species and records ofDactylubaetis. Entomologist 56:51-62. Pan-Pacific Entomologist .54:300-304. BER\,JI£H, L. 1940. Hadine mayflies from Florida (Ephemer­ ___. 1978b. Mayflies of the Southwest: new species optern). Florida Entomologist 2,'3:33--45, 49-62. and records of Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera). Pan­ _-:c' 1975. The mayfly family Leptophlehiidae in the Pacific Entomologist .54:311-315. sOlltheastern United States. Florida EntonJUlogist ___. 1981. Mayflies of the Southwest: new records and 58,137-1.56, notes of Siphlonuridae. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 37: BURKS, B.D. 1953. The mayflies or Ephemeroptera of Illi­ 449-436. lwis. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin 26: ALLEN, RK., AND S.D. COHEN. 1977. Mayflies (Ephcmerop­ 1-216, tera) of Mexico and Central America: new species, CLEMENS, \VA. 1913. '\Jew species and new life histories descriptions, and records. Canadian Entomologist of Ephemeridae or mayflies. Canadian Entomologist 109::399-414. 45:246-262,329-,'341. ALLEN, RK., AND G.F EDMUNDS, JR. 1959. A revision of __-;c' 1915. Mayflies of the Siphlonurus group. Cana­ the genus Rphernerellu (Ephemeroptcra: Epheme­ dian Entomologist 47:245-260. rellidac). I. The subgenus Tirnpanoga. Canadian CLlFFOIID, H.F, A:-

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