DOCSLIB.ORG

ANGIOSPERMS: the Flowering Plants

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ANGIOSPERMS: the Flowering Plants AMBORELLALES Amborella trichopoda: (1) 2:6 6:58 Cabomb- MAGNOLIIDS MAGNOLIIDS An isolated species. aceae 5:13 ANGIOSPERMS: The flowering plants Evidence suggests it Water lilies, Widespread 22:200 Canellaceae Yerba is sister to all other Barclaya S & E Asia, 5:3615 mansa 5:6 Water lilies Trees Himant- 5:11 50:2500 Trees, Aromatic Nymphaeaceae N & S Am 2:75 Piperaceae Saururaceae 5-8:480 A chart of flowering plant families flowering plants. (2) Degeneri- andraceae Sweetshrub Lauraceae shrubs, lianas trees: (Sub)trop E As, N Am Cosmopolitan, Magnoliaceae Trees 1:2 Shrubs, trees Siparunaceae Am, Gtr Afr Pepper, Pepper elder, Birthwort, Pipe- (3) freshwater aceae Cinnamon, Bay, Monimiaceae Herbs NYMPHAEALES Trees and shrubs Fiji 1:2 SE Asia, Calycanthaceae Trop Am, W Afr White cinn- Betel pepper,Kava,Cubeb vine, Snake-root This chart depicts a phylogeny of all existing flowering plants. The disks represent 1:12 Austr Aromatic Avocado, Camphor, (Sub)tropics, amon 1:1 (1) & (2) aquatics with Magnolia,Champak, N Am, E As, Sassafras: Trees, Austr, S Am, Shrubs, herbs, Aristolochiaceae families of plants. Groups of related families are indicated by a hierarchy of regions. Amborell- Annual, Tulip tree NE Austr shrubs, trees, small trees and lianas Herbs, shrubs,vines Lactori- aceae tufted aquatics diverse flower structure. few lianas shrubs, parasitic SE Asia 4-7:60-90 Root 1:1 daceae Some of these groups are named. Insets below explain how to interpret the chart New (3) many characters 2: 227 129:2220 vines: (Sub)trop, Winteraceae Pantropical, parasites Widespread, Juan Fern- and describe the information associated with each family. Caledonia Hydatellaceae Eupom- 6-7:16 Hydnoraceae anomalous. Annonaceae atiaceae 1:3 SE As,S Am Trees and shrubs forests not Arctic andez Is Shrub Austr, NZ, Forest Athero- 1:1 5:55 Winter’s bark Gtr Afr, 2:7 Shrub trees, often Ylang-ylang,Sweetsop, Trees,shrubs spermataceae Greasenut India 4:75 Gomorteg- Warm mts & cool C&S Am For more than 250 years, families of flowering plants and relationships between aromatic Soursop,Custard apple, New Guinea E&W S Pacific aceae Hernandiaceae temp:S hemis, Herbs, Pawpaw (Asimina), E Austr Trees, shrubs Chile Trees, shrubs, families were determined mainly by morphology (the structure, shape and number shrubs, trees Myristicaceae Aromatic LAURALES not Afr Chloranthaceae Indian mast tree Blackheart tree vines of plant parts). Since the early 1990s, genetic information has become available CHLORANTHALES Nutmeg, Mace Trees, shrubs, lianas sassafras Pantropical, PIPERALES Position unclear, Pacific,S&E As, coastal and now the affinity of species, genera and families is based primarily on this 1:1-2 tropical Am, Pantropical Pantropical,N Am, Austro- possibly sister to 20:475 Old World molecular evidence. The previous morphological classifications were, to some baileyaceae the Magnoliids. Madgscr CANELLALES NE Austr extent, supported by the molecular analysis. However, major changes have been Lianas MONOCOTS 189:2361 necessary both to the circumscription of some families and to the placement of MAGNOLIALES Orchids, ARECALES ALISMATALES including vanilla, Arecaceae families relative to each other and to the corresponding higher groupings. 3:92 Mainly families of aquatic plants, (Sub)tropics - Kadsura,Star 1-2:6 helleborines,salep etc. anise: Trees, W Pacific (except (1) and (2)), with the only few Afr & temp shrubs & climbers Trimeniaceae truly marine flowering plants. (3) PANDANALES Orchidaceae Trees, shrubs, vines This chart is based on the extensive recent work aimed at resolving the molecular Schisandraceae Trees,vines, includes Lilaeaceae and Maundia, Cosmopolitan,wet tropics Palms: Date, Sago, phylogeny of flowering plants (see the references below) and is updated as new N&C America, (1) shrubs (4) Limnocharitaceae. 12:225 Smilax, Mycorrhizal herbs, many Coconut,Rattan, results become available. It depicts a classification in terms of a hierarchical S&E Asia 7:102 Woolly 1:1-10 Panama hat Sarsaparilla lily-like herbs epiphytic, some lianas Areca,Talipot grouping of families. Most placements are now well-established, but uncertainties Cosmopolitan, Ditchgrass 1:9 plant 16:635 Med, Austr Lanariaceae and subterranean temperate Ruppiaceae Cyclanthaceae Smilacaceae Liliaceae Afr Cape Austr, remain - these we have tried to indicate on the chart (see the inset below for details). Potamogetonaceae Posidoni- Herbs, Prickly climbers 788:20000 S&E Asia1:6 AUSTRO- Subaquatic, aceae climbers Herbs, shrubs, Lily, Fritillary, 1:1 Freshwater herbs coasts Submarine Widespread Hypoxis Hanguan- BAILEYALES Pondweed Stemonaceae lianas Tulip,Calochortus Marshaceae Spiderwort, The aim of the chart is to present some of the recent work in plant phylogeny in an (1) includes 5:16 Tropic Am Herbs: corms 2-4:36 Tradescantia (Potamogeton) Cymodoce- E As, Austr, 2:315 Geophytic herbs Astelia 1:4 herbs attractive and easily assimilable form and, at the same time, to provide a map of Illicium. or rhizomes Blandfordi- Commelinaceae 4:154:15 aceae E N Am N temp,E As, Asteliaceae flowering plant families with brief notes on each family. We hope that this will provide Arrowgrass Manatee grasses 4:27 N Am Hypoxidaceae aceae Succulent herbs, (Triglochin) 2:14 Undersea grass Trees, S&C Pacific, Lily-like herbs 4:5 a useful resource. Conservation of all biodiversity is both highly important and urgent. Marsh herbs Eel-grass 8:48 shrubs, lianas Tropics-temp, few climbers Juncaginaceae Trop & warm Herbs: S Africa Indian Ocean E Austr Herbs (Sub)tropics Many species of significance in plant phylogeny are particularly endangered. JuncaginaceaeMarsh herbs Zosteraceae sea,Austr (Sub)tropics Screw pines saprophytic Herbs Philydraceae Cosmopolitan, 1:6 7-9:200 40:652 Cosmopolitan Undersea grass Triuridaceae Pandanaceae Corsiaceae SW Pacific E Asia, coastal (3) Non-green Austr 106:4025 Subtropical- OW (sub)tropics, W Pacific, Rhipogon- (1) Araceae temp saprophytic coast & marsh S S Am aceae Cormose Austr 9:33 MONOCOTS Apono- herbs Climbers 14:116 Arum,Philodendron, 15:88 3:885 3:30 herbs 1:3 1:2 Boryaceae Pickerelweed, Relationship with getonaceae Aquatic and Petro- 9:240 Herbs Ixioliriaceae Doryanth- Water hyacinth Bloodwort, Taro,Monstera,Anthurium, Marsh saviaceae Xeromorphic Kangaroo paw Magnoliids and Cape pondweed, Scheuch- marsh herbs Xeromorphic Paris, Trillium, SS Am Egypt to aceae Pontederiaceae Duckweed,Water lettuce Alismataceae Herbs & myco shrubs Lapageria Giant herbs ‘lily trees’ Water hawthorn zeriaceae -trophs 2:4 False hellebores C As Aq/marsh herbs Haemodoraceae Eudicots: possibly Herbs,climbers,aquatics Aqu/marsh herbs Arrowgrass Water plantain Philesiaceae E Austr N polar: 1:1 S&EAs Velloziaceae 2:12 (Sub)tropics, Austr, S Af, Am, 16:94 sister to Eudicots. including Lemna OW trop,S Afr NPod-grasspolar 1:1 Cosmopolitan, Melanthiaceae 8:23 temp,Am (1) Arid: Tropical Shrubs, 2:2 New Guinea Marsh herbs Age: > c110-120 Cosmopolitan, 1:43 (4) N temp,Am N hemisphere, vines Tecophilae- Rapateaceae tropics PETRO- S Am,Gtr Afr, E As, EN Am aceae 67:1800 Herbs 4:16 Mya (earliest re- 18:116 1:1 COMMELINALES Trop S Am, 5:260 OW temp SAVIALES China 16:170 Cormose herbs Iridaceae Dasypogon- 57:1400 Yellow-eyed POALES cognised monocot Small herbs Frogbit, Elodea aceae Guiana mtns, 1:2-4 Butomaceae Bog Chile, Calif, Crocus, Iris, Freesia, 2:35 Stout Bromeliaceae grass (Xyris) (1) includes pollen). 2:4 1 sp W Af 1:2-30 Acoraceae Tofieldiaceae Hydrocharitaceae Flowering asphodel 5:170 Gtr Afr Crocosmia, Gladiolus Banana, herbs to Bromeliads: Airplants, Xyridaceae Mossy Sparganiaceae. Sweet flag rush SW Pacific small trees Hornwort SE USA,N S Am Submersed aquatics, 13:126 Nartheciaceae Alstroemer- Manila hemp 1:15 Pineapple,Spanish moss Marsh herbs 1:4 herbs Wet: N Am, Campynem- Perennial herbs Musaceae W&S Austr Mayacaceae Cosmopolitan N temp including marine Mycotrophic N temp, NS Am, ataceae Herbs, iaceae 120-150: Lowiaceae (Sub)tropics to 2:4 Ceratophyllaceae Eurasia (2) Widespread Giant herbs Bird Herbs and shrubs, Am, 1 sp in 3-5:27 Cosmopolitan, forest herbs, SE Asia:Herbs Herbs climbers:Peruvian 2300-2650 Orchid-like of paradise xerophytes & epiphytes warm temp, Thurniaceae Submerged tropics inc Thismia OW (sub)trop N Am Afr rootless ACORALES (2) 4-5:41 lily, Bomarea Asparagaceae Xero- forests forest herbs Strelitziaceae (Sub)tropic Am, Pipewort Grassy herbs herbs Burmanniaceae C&S Am,NZ, Widespread: Squill, nemataceae SE Asia S Am,Gtr Afr Cattail, S Afr,S Am Tropics, E As, Yams, 1:1 3:7 1 sp W Af Grassy herbs (1) Austr Asparagus, Hyacinth, Large herbs Bur-reed 98:4350 CERATOPHYLLALES NZ,(US?) Black bryony, E Austr Asphodel, 1:2 NZ, New Eriocaulaceae EUDICOTS Petermanni- Yucca, Agave, Ruscus, Caledonia Typhaceae (1) Cyperaceae Position unclear, possibly EUDICOTS Bat plant, Ube, aceae Aspidistra, Cordyline Aloe, Daylily ZINGIBERALES Scattered, 7:430 Age: c125 Mya sister to the Eudicots. CORE EUDICOTS Polynesian arrowroot 15:245 4:110 Widespread Grassy herbs, few (1) Climber Herbs,shrubs, Widespread, Austr Costaceae Marsh herbs (sub)tropics,S.Am shrubs and lianas Juncaceae (triaperturate Dioscoreaceae Gloriosa, Xanthorrhoeaceae trees,succs Large herbs 1:100-200 2:22-27 marsh areas Sedges,Clubrush,Coco Rushes, including pollen appears). Climbers, herbs Meadow saffron (4) Large herbs Woodrush Pantropical (3) Geophytic herbs Pantropical: Am, 10:1160 grass,Papyrus,Eleoch- RANUNCULALES PROTEALES Colchicaceae to ‘grass trees’ Heliconiaceae Joinville- aris(Water chestnut) Grassy herbs, shrubs 4:817 Geophytes, some 60:1605 SE As - Austr aceae Widespread, E Asia Nelumbo- 1:10 Geophytic herbs 35:900 Lobster-claw 1:2 Widespread,cool climbers (2) Costa (Heliconia) 1:4 Coarse herbs marsh, cool Euptele- 44:760 1:1-2 naceae 80:1600 DIOSCOREALES Malaysia, marshes aceae Sacred lotus Platanaceae OW, N Am Amaryllidaceae Aromatic S and C Am, Flagellari- W Austr & mtns Herbs, few Proteaceae (1) includes Taccaceae and (2) forest herbs aceae Pacific Tree, shrub shrubs,vines Am, S As, Plane trees Agapanthus, Garlic, SW Pacific Ecdeiocol- 1:2 N Austr Grevillea, Banksia, Thismiaceae, both provisionally.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN RESEARCHER DISCOVERS NEW GENUS Finding New Genus Rare in Modern Plant Taxonomy
    Date: October 15, 2010 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN RESEARCHER DISCOVERS NEW GENUS Finding New Genus Rare in Modern Plant Taxonomy (ST. LOUIS): An article published in the October issue of the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden describes a new genus of tree of the Aptandraceae family, a group that is related to the sandalwoods (order Santalales). The genus, which has been given the name Hondurodendron , is endemic to Honduras and means “tree of Honduras.” In the article, “Hondurodendron, a New Monotypic Genus of Aptandraceae from Honduras,” lead author Dr. Carmen Ulloa, associate curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, and co-authors Dr. Daniel L. Nickrent, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Dr. Caroline Whitefoord, The Natural History Museum in London, and Dr. Daniel L. Kelly, Trinity College in Dublin, describe the genus as a tree about 40-feet-tall, with minute male and female flowers less than 2 mm (1/8 inch) wide, borne respectively on separate plants. The tiny stamens have rather unusual anthers opening by three valves. The fruit measures 2 cm (1 inch) across; it is tightly wrapped by the calyx which enlarges greatly as the fruit matures and eventually may even project beyond as a flared limb. The authors named the single species known of this genus as Hondurodendron urceolatum with the Latin specific epithet meaning “shaped like a pitcher or urn” because of the striking form of the fruit. The first specimens of this genus were collected by Kelly and a team of researchers and students during a plot-based survey of the forest vegetation of Parque Nacional El Cusuco in northwest Honduras in 2004 and 2006.
    [Show full text]
  • "Santalales (Including Mistletoes)"
    Santalales (Including Introductory article Mistletoes) Article Contents . Introduction Daniel L Nickrent, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA . Taxonomy and Phylogenetics . Morphology, Life Cycle and Ecology . Biogeography of Mistletoes . Importance of Mistletoes Online posting date: 15th March 2011 Mistletoes are flowering plants in the sandalwood order that produce some of their own sugars via photosynthesis (Santalales) that parasitise tree branches. They evolved to holoparasites that do not photosynthesise. Holopar- five separate times in the order and are today represented asites are thus totally dependent on their host plant for by 88 genera and nearly 1600 species. Loranthaceae nutrients. Up until recently, all members of Santalales were considered hemiparasites. Molecular phylogenetic ana- (c. 1000 species) and Viscaceae (550 species) have the lyses have shown that the holoparasite family Balano- highest species diversity. In South America Misodendrum phoraceae is part of this order (Nickrent et al., 2005; (a parasite of Nothofagus) is the first to have evolved Barkman et al., 2007), however, its relationship to other the mistletoe habit ca. 80 million years ago. The family families is yet to be determined. See also: Nutrient Amphorogynaceae is of interest because some of its Acquisition, Assimilation and Utilization; Parasitism: the members are transitional between root and stem para- Variety of Parasites sites. Many mistletoes have developed mutualistic rela- The sandalwood order is of interest from the standpoint tionships with birds that act as both pollinators and seed of the evolution of parasitism because three early diverging dispersers. Although some mistletoes are serious patho- families (comprising 12 genera and 58 species) are auto- gens of forest and commercial trees (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • RECORDS of the HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY for 1995 Part 2: Notes1
    RECORDS OF THE HAWAII BIOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR 1995 Part 2: Notes1 This is the second of two parts to the Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 1995 and contains the notes on Hawaiian species of plants and animals including new state and island records, range extensions, and other information. Larger, more compre- hensive treatments and papers describing new taxa are treated in the first part of this Records [Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 45]. New Hawaiian Pest Plant Records for 1995 PATRICK CONANT (Hawaii Dept. of Agriculture, Plant Pest Control Branch, 1428 S King St, Honolulu, HI 96814) Fabaceae Ulex europaeus L. New island record On 6 October 1995, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Forestry and Wildlife employee C. Joao submitted an unusual plant he found while work- ing in the Molokai Forest Reserve. The plant was identified as U. europaeus and con- firmed by a Hawaii Department of Agriculture (HDOA) nox-A survey of the site on 9 October revealed an infestation of ca. 19 m2 at about 457 m elevation in the Kamiloa Distr., ca. 6.2 km above Kamehameha Highway. Distribution in Wagner et al. (1990, Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai‘i, p. 716) listed as Maui and Hawaii. Material examined: MOLOKAI: Molokai Forest Reserve, 4 Dec 1995, Guy Nagai s.n. (BISH). Melastomataceae Miconia calvescens DC. New island record, range extensions On 11 October, a student submitted a leaf specimen from the Wailua Houselots area on Kauai to PPC technician A. Bell, who had the specimen confirmed by David Lorence of the National Tropical Botanical Garden as being M.
    [Show full text]
  • Calatola Microcarpa (Icacinaceae), a New Species from the Southwestern Amazon
    Phytotaxa 124 (1): 43–49 (2013) ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/ Article PHYTOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.124.1.5 Three decades to connect the sexes: Calatola microcarpa (Icacinaceae), a new species from the Southwestern Amazon RODRIGO DUNO DE STEFANO1, JOHN P. JANOVEC2 & LILIA LORENA CAN1 1Herbarium CICY, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. (CICY), Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico; email: [email protected]; [email protected] 2Herbario MOL, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Apartado 456, Lima 1, Peru; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract A new species of Calatola (Icacinaceae), C. microcarpa, from the departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios, Peru, and the state of Acre, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The new taxon is well documented with staminate and pistillate flowers, and fruits. Its small leaves and fruit are similar to those found in Calatola laevigata and C. uxpanapensis. It is also compared with Calatola costaricensis, with which it sometimes grows sympatrically in Brazil and Peru. The conservation status of the new taxa is assessed against IUCN criteria. Key words: Brazil, IUCN, Peru Introduction The genus Calatola Standley (1923: 688), including C. mollis Standley (1923: 689) and C. laevigata Standley (1923: 689), was referred to Icacinaceae. Standley used the generic name to evoke the vernacular name of the plant as it is known in Mexico, “nuez de calatola” or “calatolazno.” Since then, five additional species were added to the genus: C.
    [Show full text]
  • The Huntington Botanical Gardens) Who Was Employed at the UC Garden at the Time
    June 30, 2005 Gary Lyons, Editor-in-Chief Joanne Gram, Editor Welcome to The Jumping Cholla. Click on the titles below to go directly to each article, or simply read the articles in order by scrolling down. Most photos may be viewed in a larger size if you click on them. When you want to return to the newsletter, just click on your Back button. If you have questions or comments, please feel free to email the editors by clicking on their names above. That will open a blank email pre-addressed to them. Contents Yuccas in the Huntington Desert Garden Milieu The Weird and Wonderful Boojum Tree, Fouquieria columnaris, and its Relatives Curator’s Comments New Additions to the Huntington's Website and a Little Desert Collections History Yuccas in the Huntington Desert Garden Milieu by Gary Lyons, Curator of the Desert Garden The spiky-leaved yuccas are among the oldest plants in the Huntington landscape. Plantings dating back to 1908 and still thriving give the garden much of its character. Their bright festive panicles of white blossoms add a cheery background and accent to the symphony of spring color in the lower Desert Garden. According to the latest authorities there are 45 yucca species and 14 varieties and they are placed in the agave family. Most of the species are found in the Southwest, northern and central Mexico and Baja California. But the genus is more widespread with species found along the Atlantic seaboard, the Great Plains, into Canada, and south as far as Guatemala. Yucca blossoms, with the exception of at least one species (the rose-tinged Yucca endlichiana) are mostly creamy white.
    [Show full text]
  • Abundancia Y Diversidad De Hongos Formadores De Micorrizas Arbusculares (Hfma) Asociadas a La Vegetación Circundante En Un
    ABUNDANCIA Y DIVERSIDAD DE HONGOS FORMADORES DE MICORRIZAS ARBUSCULARES (HFMA) ASOCIADAS A LA VEGETACIÓN CIRCUNDANTE EN UN ÁREA DE MINERÍA DEL MUNICIPIO DE SANTA-ISABEL, TOLIMA HERIK JOHAN GUZMÁN LASSO YESSICA LORENA PERDOMO USECHE Trabajo de grado como requisito parcial para optar el título de Biólogo DIRECTOR MARYEIMY VARÓN LÓPEZ Doctor en Ciencias CODIRECTOR HILDA ROCÍO MOSQUERA Doctor en Ciencias- Biológicas UNIVERSIDAD DEL TOLIMA FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS PROGRAMA DE BIOLOGÍA 2017 DEDICATORIA 2 A nuestras familias que fueron nuestro más grande apoyo y al amor que nos permitió superar cada adversidad. 3 AGRADECIMIENTOS A nuestra directora, la Doctora Maryeimy Varón, por su valioso compromiso, dedicación y paciencia en cada etapa del proyecto. A la Doctora Hilda Rocío Mosquera, codirectora del proyecto, por su guía y amable acompañamiento. Al grupo de investigación GEBIUT, por su colaboración y gran orientación en el desarrollo del trabajo. A los funcionarios de la mina de Santa Isabel por el acompañamiento y por permitirnos realizar la toma de muestras. Al Magister Urley Adrián Pérez, por su amable orientación en la taxonomía y manejo de los HFMA. A nuestras compañeras y amigas Lily Julieth Vargas y Lizeth Ospina, por su respaldo y apoyo en el proceso de investigación. A nuestros amigos por su comprensión, valiosas ideas, y apoyo en diferentes procesos del trabajo. A la Universidad del Tolima y la oficina de investigaciones, por la financiación del proyecto. 4 CONTENIDO INTRODUCCIÓN .........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • GENOME EVOLUTION in MONOCOTS a Dissertation
    GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the Graduate School At the University of Missouri In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy By Kate L. Hertweck Dr. J. Chris Pires, Dissertation Advisor JULY 2011 The undersigned, appointed by the dean of the Graduate School, have examined the dissertation entitled GENOME EVOLUTION IN MONOCOTS Presented by Kate L. Hertweck A candidate for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy And hereby certify that, in their opinion, it is worthy of acceptance. Dr. J. Chris Pires Dr. Lori Eggert Dr. Candace Galen Dr. Rose‐Marie Muzika ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am indebted to many people for their assistance during the course of my graduate education. I would not have derived such a keen understanding of the learning process without the tutelage of Dr. Sandi Abell. Members of the Pires lab provided prolific support in improving lab techniques, computational analysis, greenhouse maintenance, and writing support. Team Monocot, including Dr. Mike Kinney, Dr. Roxi Steele, and Erica Wheeler were particularly helpful, but other lab members working on Brassicaceae (Dr. Zhiyong Xiong, Dr. Maqsood Rehman, Pat Edger, Tatiana Arias, Dustin Mayfield) all provided vital support as well. I am also grateful for the support of a high school student, Cady Anderson, and an undergraduate, Tori Docktor, for their assistance in laboratory procedures. Many people, scientist and otherwise, helped with field collections: Dr. Travis Columbus, Hester Bell, Doug and Judy McGoon, Julie Ketner, Katy Klymus, and William Alexander. Many thanks to Barb Sonderman for taking care of my greenhouse collection of many odd plants brought back from the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Bark Medicines Used in Traditional Healthcare in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: an Inventory
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(3): 301–363 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An inventory OM Grace1, HDV Prendergast2, AK Jäger3 and J van Staden1* 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 2 Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2002, accepted in revised form 14 March 2003 Bark is an important source of medicine in South Overlapping vernacular names recorded in the literature African traditional healthcare but is poorly documented. indicated that it may be unreliable in local plant identifi- From thorough surveys of the popular ethnobotanical cations. Most (43%) bark medicines were documented literature, and other less widely available sources, 174 for the treatment of internal ailments. Sixteen percent of species (spanning 108 genera and 50 families) used for species were classed in threatened conservation cate- their bark in KwaZulu-Natal, were inventoried. gories, but conservation and management data were Vernacular names, morphological and phytochemical limited or absent from a further 62%. There is a need for properties, usage and conservation data were captured research and specialist publications to address the in a database that aimed to synthesise published infor- gaps in existing knowledge of medicinal bark species mation of such species.
    [Show full text]
  • South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae)
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2013 South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) Lendel, Anita Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-93287 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Lendel, Anita. South American Cacti in time and space: studies on the diversification of the tribe Cereeae, with particular focus on subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae). 2013, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. South American Cacti in Time and Space: Studies on the Diversification of the Tribe Cereeae, with Particular Focus on Subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae) _________________________________________________________________________________ Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr.sc.nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anita Lendel aus Kroatien Promotionskomitee: Prof. Dr. H. Peter Linder (Vorsitz) PD. Dr. Reto Nyffeler Prof. Dr. Elena Conti Zürich, 2013 Table of Contents Acknowledgments 1 Introduction 3 Chapter 1. Phylogenetics and taxonomy of the tribe Cereeae s.l., with particular focus 15 on the subtribe Trichocereinae (Cactaceae – Cactoideae) Chapter 2. Floral evolution in the South American tribe Cereeae s.l. (Cactaceae: 53 Cactoideae): Pollination syndromes in a comparative phylogenetic context Chapter 3. Contemporaneous and recent radiations of the world’s major succulent 86 plant lineages Chapter 4. Tackling the molecular dating paradox: underestimated pitfalls and best 121 strategies when fossils are scarce Outlook and Future Research 207 Curriculum Vitae 209 Summary 211 Zusammenfassung 213 Acknowledgments I really believe that no one can go through the process of doing a PhD and come out without being changed at a very profound level.
    [Show full text]
  • Recommendation of Native Species for the Reforestation of Degraded Land Using Live Staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia)
    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI PADOVA Department of Land, Environment Agriculture and Forestry Second Cycle Degree (MSc) in Forest Science Recommendation of native species for the reforestation of degraded land using live staking in Antioquia and Caldas’ Departments (Colombia) Supervisor Prof. Lorenzo Marini Co-supervisor Prof. Jaime Polanía Vorenberg Submitted by Alicia Pardo Moy Student N. 1218558 2019/2020 Summary Although Colombia is one of the countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world, it has many degraded areas due to agricultural and mining practices that have been carried out in recent decades. The high Andean forests are especially vulnerable to this type of soil erosion. The corporate purpose of ‘Reforestadora El Guásimo S.A.S.’ is to use wood from its plantations, but it also follows the parameters of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). For this reason, it carries out reforestation activities and programs and, very particularly, it is interested in carrying out ecological restoration processes in some critical sites. The study area is located between 2000 and 2750 masl and is considered a low Andean humid forest (bmh-MB). The average annual precipitation rate is 2057 mm and the average temperature is around 11 ºC. The soil has a sandy loam texture with low pH, which limits the amount of nutrients it can absorb. FAO (2014) suggests that around 10 genera are enough for a proper restoration. After a bibliographic revision, the genera chosen were Alchornea, Billia, Ficus, Inga, Meriania, Miconia, Ocotea, Protium, Prunus, Psidium, Symplocos, Tibouchina, and Weinmannia. Two inventories from 2013 and 2019, helped to determine different biodiversity indexes to check the survival of different species and to suggest the adequate characteristics of the individuals for a successful vegetative stakes reforestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogeography of the Monocotyledon Astelioid Clade (Asparagales): a History of Long-Distance Dispersal and Diversification with Emerging Habitats
    Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2021 Biogeography of the monocotyledon astelioid clade (Asparagales): A history of long-distance dispersal and diversification with emerging habitats Birch, Joanne L ; Kocyan, Alexander Abstract: The astelioid families (Asteliaceae, Blandfordiaceae, Boryaceae, Hypoxidaceae, and Lanari- aceae) have centers of diversity in Australasia and temperate Africa, with secondary centers of diversity in Afromontane Africa, Asia, and Pacific Islands. The global distribution of these families makes this an excellent lineage to test if current distribution patterns are the result of vicariance or long-distance dispersal and to evaluate the roles of tertiary climatic and geological drivers in lineage diversification. Sequence data were generated from five chloroplast regions (petL-psbE, rbcL, rps16-trnK, trnL-trnLF, trnS-trnSG) for 104 ingroup species sampled across global diversity. The astelioid phylogeny was inferred using maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian inference methods. Divergence dates were estimated with a relaxed clock applied in BEAST. Ancestral ranges were reconstructed in ’BioGeoBEARS’ applying the corrected Akaike information criterion to test for the best-fit biogeographic model. Diver- sification rates were estimated in Bayesian Analysis of Macroevolutionary Mixtures [BAMM]. Astelioid relationships were inferred as Boryaceae(Blandfordiaceae(Asteliaceae(Hypoxidaceae plus Lanariaceae))). The crown astelioid node was dated to the Late Cretaceous (75.2 million years; 95% highest posterior densities interval 61.0-90.0 million years) with an inferred Eastern Gondwanan origin. However, aste- lioid speciation events have not been shaped by Gondwanan vicariance. Rather long-distance dispersal since the Eocene is inferred to account for current distributions.
    [Show full text]
  • Mabberley's Plant-Book: a Portable Dictionary of Plants, Their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J
    Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J. Mabberley Frontmatter More information MABBERLEY’S PLANT-BOOK Mabberley’s Plant-book is internationally accepted as an essential reference text for anyone studying, growing or writing about plants. With over 24 000 entries, this comprehensive dictionary provides information on every family and genus of seed- bearing plant (including gymnosperms), plus ferns and clubmosses. The book com- bines taxonomic details and uses with English and other vernacular names. In this new edition, each entry has been updated to take into consideration the most recent literature, notably the great advances in molecular analyses, and over 1650 addi- tional entries (including ecologically and economically important genera of mosses) have been added, ensuring that Mabberley’s Plant-book continues to rank among the most practical and authoritative botanical texts available. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants, their Classification and Uses: Third Edition David J. Mabberley Frontmatter More information To Stuart, Leslie, Glenn, Helen, Julian, Graham, Albert, Peter and, especially, Andrew, Laura and Marcus © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-82071-4 - Mabberley's Plant-Book: A Portable Dictionary of Plants,
    [Show full text]