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Continuing T Continuing the Warrior Tradition He Warrior Tradition He Warrior Tradition CONTINUING TTHEHE WARRIOR TRADITION American Indians in World War II Teacher and Student Materials for Virtual Field Trip videoconference The National World War II Museum 945 Magazine Street New Orleans, LA 70130 504-527-6012 www.nationalww2museum.org Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 1 © National World War II Museum The National WWII Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip TEACHER GUIDE Before your Virtual Field Trip 1. To better prepare your students for their National WWII Museum Virtual Field Trip, share with them the Vocabulary List on pages 8-9. 2. Make copies of the student hand-out materials, pages 5-7, and distribute them to your class when directed during the videoconference. 3. Make a Test Call to The National WWII Museum at least five (5) days prior to your Virtual Field Trip. E-mail [email protected] to arrange your test call. On the day of your Virtual Field Trip 1. With your students situated in your classroom or videoconference studio, dial the National WWII Museum’s IP address: 72.158.213.42. 2. If there is a loss of connection during the video-conference, hang up and try to re-dial. The telephone number in the Museum’s distance learning studio is 504-527-6012, x 351. 3. The Museum educator will greet your students and conduct the session. Students will be asked to participate by raising their hands. You may be asked to select students to answer certain questions or perform certain activities. You will be called upon to distribute hand- outs at the appropriate time. You are required to remain in the room during the entire video- conference. After your Virtual Field Trip 1. A list of post-visit activities is attached. 2. The Museum will email an evaluation form for you to fill out and email back. By filling the form out, you will help the Museum improve its educational programming. Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 2 © National World War II Museum The National WWII Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip PURPOSE: This videoconference explores the American Indian experience of WWII. OBJECTIVES: • Identify the “warrior code” and the culture of the American Indian • Explore the concept of stereotypes and how they have been applied to American Indians over the years • Briefly review American Indians participation in the U.S. military • Explore the experiences of American Indians during WWII • Examine the experiences of the Code Talkers; participate in a code-talking activity STANDARDS: Grades 5-8 o Explain how information and experiences may be interpreted by people from diverse cultural perspectives and frames of reference; o Explain why individuals respond differently to their physical and social environments and/or changes to them on the basis of shared assumptions, values and beliefs; o Articulate the implications of cultural diversity, as well as cohesion, within and across those groups; and o Use the facts and concepts drawn from history, along with the elements of historical inquiry, to inform decision making about and action-taking on public issues. Grades 9-12 o Explain the ways groups, societies, and cultures address human needs and concerns; o Apply an understanding of culture as an integrated whole that that explains the functions and interactions of language, literature, the arts, traditions, beliefs and values, and behavior patterns; o Demonstrate the value of cultural diversity, as well as cohesion, within and across groups; o Differentiate between historical knowledge and the concept of time as socially influenced constructions that lead historians to be selective in the questions they seek to answer and the evidence they use; and o Investigate, interpret, and analyze multiple historical and contemporary viewpoints within and across cultures related to important events, recurring dilemmas, and persistent issues, while employing empathy, skepticism, and critical judgment. Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 3 © The National World War II Museum The National World War II Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip LEARNING OUTCOMES The National WWII Museum in New Orleans has created this Virtual Field Trip video- conference to introduce students to the American Indians in World War II, and their contribution to the victory. By participating in this Virtual Field Trip students will: • Learn the following terms: American Indian Code Talker Code Talkers Recognition Act of 2002 Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 European Theater Home Front Nation Native American Pacific Theater Patriotism Prejudice Propaganda Reservation Stereotype Swastika Tribe Warrior Tradition • Explore the legacy of the “Warrior Tradition” and its impact on American History • Read a primary document related to the American Indians in World War II and: o Determine whether a document is a primary or secondary source o Analyze the contents of the document o Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different type of documents for historical research o Discuss and determine ways of further analyzing documents; and • Gain a knowledge of several career opportunities related to the study of history, including: o Museum curator o Museum educator o Historical researcher o Genealogical Researcher Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 4 © The National World War II Museum The National World War II Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip USMC Approval Letter from General Clayton Vogel (p. 1) Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 5 © The National World War II Museum USMC Approval Letter from General Clayton Vogel (p. 2) Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 6 © The National World War II Museum The National World War II Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip Use the following Navajo words to decipher the coded message on the screen. American Word Navajo Word Literal Translation REGIMENT TABAHA EDGE WATER COMMANDING GEN. BIH-KEH-HE (G) WAR CHIEF DECEMBER YAS-NIL-TES CRUSTED SNOW AMBUSH KHAC-DA AMBUSH AND DO AND ARTILLERY BE-AL-DOH-TSO-LANI MANY BIG GUNS ASSAULT ALTSEH-E-JAH-HE FIRST STRIKER BATTERY BIH-BE-AL-DOH-TKA-IH THREE GUNS COMMA TSA-NA-DAHL TAIL DROP INFANTRY TA-NEH-NAL-DAHI INFANTRY ELEMENT AH-NA-NAI TROOP REPRESENTING OTHERS TANK CHAY-DA-GAHI TORTOISE PLATOON HAS-CLISH-NIH MUD APPROACH BI-CHI-OL-DAH APPROACH CHEMICAL TA-NEE CHEMICAL NOW KUT NOW DIG IN LE-EH-GADE DIG IN Write the translated message here: Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 7 © The National World War II Museum The National World War II Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip VOCABULARY American Indian: The contemporary term for people with ancestry in the United States or Canada that precedes European arrival in the Western Hemisphere. This term is interchangeable with Native American. Code Talker: an American Indian in the U.S. military who used his language to send and receive coded messages. Code talkers were used in WWI, but more extensively in WWII, particularly Navajo Code Talkers in the Pacific Theater. Code Talkers Recognition Act of 2002 : A Congressional recognition of the valuable contribution made by Code Talkers to the Allied victory in WWII. Indian Citizenship Act of 1924: Congressional resolution granting U.S. citizenship to all American Indians. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934: Legislation meant to help relieve the poverty and poor living conditions on American Indian reservations. The act returned thousands of acres of land to reservations, provided federal financial and technical aid, and supplied health and education services, as well as returned local self-government on a tribal basis. European Theater: The area of WWII where the Allies fought against Germany and Italy. Home Front: The United States during WWII. Nation: A political unit of American Indians recognized by the United States government, made up of one or more tribes. Native American: same as American Indian Pacific Theater: The area of WWII where the Allies fought against Japan. Patriotism: love of country. Prejudice: prejudgment; making a decision about something or someone before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or event. Having a bias for or against someone based on who they are, what they look like, how they behave. Propaganda: government controlled advocacy meant to inspire or lead to certain public actions. Reservation: area of land managed by a Native American tribe under the United State Department of the Interior's Bureau of Indian Affairs. Stereotype: a preconceived idea that attributes certain characteristics to all the members of a group. The term is often used with a negative connotation when referring to an Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 8 © The National World War II Museum oversimplified, exaggerated, or demeaning assumption that a particular individual possesses the characteristics associated with the class due to his or her membership in it. Swastika: symbol of the Nazi Party in Germany before and during WWII; also an American Indian symbol depicting good luck. Tribe: as related to American Indians, a group of people who share the same culture and language, political organization, territorial boundaries, and historical experiences. Warrior Tradition: the legacy passed down through generations of American Indians to fight with bravery and honor. Continuing the Warrior Tradition, page 9 © The National World War II Museum The National WWII Museum The Warrior Tradition: American Indians in World War II Virtual Field Trip Post-Lesson Activities 1. Assign students to research and write a report about one particular tribe or nation’s WWII experience. Students can also make oral presentations on their findings to the class. 2. Hold a discussion, asking students, “If you were an American Indian during WWII, would you have fought for the United States?” Have students present their reasoning in an open forum.
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