Canadian Nuclear Association Association Nucleaire Canadienne
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INIS-mf—13849 CA94OO179-([A94OO2O7 Canadian Nuclear Association Association Nucleaire Canadienne Winnipeg 1988 ISSN I0706-1^93 ISSN 0706-1293 28th ANNUAL CONFERENCE of the CANADIAN NUCLEAR ASSOCIATION PROCEEDINGS June 12-15,1988 Winnepeg, Manitoba Canada Published by the Canadian Nuclear Association 111 Elizabeth Street Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1P7 CONFERENCE COMMITTEES STEERING COMMITTEE Conference Chairman Ralph Bullock Bristol Aerospace Ltd. Conference Vice-chairman Mike Wright Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. CNS Program Chairman Heiki Tanun Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. CNA Office Jim Weller Canadian Nuclear Association Secretary Carol Orvis-Payette Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Treasurer Dave Wainwright Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chairman Mike Wright Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Secretary Carol Orvis-Payette Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Treasurer Dave Wainwright Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Public Relations Bob Dixon Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. Ray Windsor Canadian Nuclear Association Hotel arrangements Bud Christie Wardrop Engineering Inc. Grant Holmes Wardrop Engineering Inc. Publications Anita Schewe Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd- Registration Diane Waechter Canadian Nuclear Association Social & Tours Mel Cooper Bristol Aerospace Ltd. Jeanette Walker Bristol Aerospace Ltd. Teachers' Program Dave Studham Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd. TABLE OF CONTENTS SESSION 1 - POWER REACTORS ONTARIO HYDRO'S EXPECTATIONS FOR THE CANDU REACTOR - AN OUTLOOK OVER THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS R.W. Bartholomew Vice-President, Production Branch Ontario Hydro 3 PREPARING FOR THE NEXT GENERATION OF NUCLEAR POWER IN THE U.S. E.B. Abrams Duke Power Company 30 FUEL CHANNEL PERFORMANCE G.L. Brooks and E.G. Price Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - CANDU Operations 39 NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA TOWARD THE 21ST CENTURY Hahn Bong-Soo President Korea Electric Power Corporation 59 NUCLEAR POWER IN THE NETHERLANDS - THE POST-CHERNOBYL SITUATION H.F.G. Geijzers Ministry of Economic Affairs, The Hague .... 64 ISSUES AND TRENDS IN CANDU PERFORMANCE A.R. McKenzie Station Manager, Point Lepreau G.S. New Brunswick Electric Power Commission .... 70 REGULATION - VISIBLE AND VIGOROUS Z. Domaratzki Director General, Directorate of Reactor Regulation Atomic Energy Control Board 80 SESSION 2 - FUEL CYCLES URANIUM SUPPLY: CANADA IN THE CONTEXT OF A WORLD SITUATION Robert W. Morrison Director General, Uranium and Nuclear Energy Branch Energy, Mines and Resources Canada 97 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS AT THE CIGAR LAKE PROJECT G.A. Peebles General Manager Cigar Lake Mining Corporation . 113 ADVANCED FUEL CYCLES FOR CANDU REACTORS R.E. Green Vice President, Reactor Development and P.G. Boczar Advanced CANDU Project and I.J. Hastings Fuel Materials Branch Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Research Company 136 URANIUM ENRICHMENT: AN OPPORTUNITY WINDOW H.K. Rae and J.G. Melvin Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Research Company 158 SAFE, PERMANENT DISPOSAL OF USED CANDU FUEL William T. Hancox Vice President, Waste Management Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Research Company 173 SESSION 3 - PANEL: NUCLEAR POWER AND PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF NUCLEAR ENERGY IN THE UNITED STATES Bill Harris Senior Vice President U.S. Council for Energy Awareness , 195 NUCLEAR POWER AND PUBLIC OPINION - DEVELOPING A CLIMATE OF CONFIDENCE Jean-Pierre Chaussade Communication Manager, Nuclear and Fossil Generation Electricite de France 199 SOME STUDIES IN PUBLIC PERCEPTION IN BRITAIN Tom Margerison Nuclear Electricity Information Group 207 NUCLEAR ENERGY AND THE CANADIAN PUBLIC Rita Dionne-Marsolais Vice-President Information Canadian Nuclear Association 227 SESSION 4 - FUTURE TRENDS SLOWPOKE - HEATING REACTORS IN THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT J.W. Hilborn and G.F. Lynch Atomic Energy of Canada Limited 245 CANDU 300 - THE NEXT GENERATION R.S. Hart Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - CANDU Operations 265 MARINE NUCLEAR PROPULSION: PRESENT AND EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE CANADIAN NUCLEAR INDUSTRY J.S. Hewitt and A.F. Oliva Energy Conversion Systems 286 CANADA'S STRATEGY FOR THE ENGINEERING TEST REACTOR PHASE OF FUSION POWER DEVELOPMENT D.P. Jackson National Fusion Program 300 THE CENTRE CANADIEN DE FUSION MAGNETIQUE - PRESENT STATUS AND FUTURE PLANS Richard A. Bolton Directeur general Centre canadien de confinement magnetique .. 311 FUSION ENERGY DEVELOPMENT - THE INVOLVEMENT OF CANADA'S NUCLEAR INDUSTRY D. P. Dautovich Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project ... 319 SESSION 5 - APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY NON-MEDICAL USES OF RADIOISOTOPES Michael Spender Product Manager Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Radiochemical Company 343 THE ROLE OF ACCELERATORS: TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC Andrew J. Stirling Atomic Energy of Canada Limited 355 THE ROLE OF COBALT 60 AS A RADIATION SOURCE Jim Cuda Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Radiochemical Company ... 367 MEDICAL USES OF RADIOISOTOPES Dr. A.E. Peterdy, M.D. Nuclear Medicine Section Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg 375 A KAON FACTORY AS A GENERATOR OF INDUSTRIAL OPPORTUNITY J. Carey, D. Dohan, D. Gurd, A. Otter, R. Poirier, K. Reiniger, V. Verma TRIUMF 378 USE OF RADIATION FOR MATERIAL PROCESSING Stuart L. Iverson Radiation Applications Research Branch Atomic Energy of Canada Limited - Research Company 381 LUNCHEON ADDRESSES O2V BEING A NUCLEAR SAFETY COMMISSIONER F. Kenneth Hare Commi s s i one r Ontario Hydro Safety Review 393 SPEAKING NOTES FOR AN ADDRESS The Honourable Perrin Beatty, P.C., M.P. Minister of National Defence 398 Session 1 POWER REACTORS Chairman: J.M. McNally, Hydro-Quebec ONTARIO HYDRO'S EXPECTATIONS FOR THE CANOU REACTOR - AN OUTLOOK OVER THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS R.W. Bartholomew Vice-President, Production Branch Ontario Hydro Toronto, Ontario 1.0 INTRODUCTION It 1s the purpose of this paper to discuss the past, present and future performance!1J of Ontario Hydro's nuclear units with special emphasis on future performance over the next 20 years. Ontario Hydro Is a public utility serving the nearly 9 million people of Ontario. Installed capacity, as of December 1987, 1s greater than 30 000 MW(e), divided amongst three generation types: Type MW(e) Net Hydraulic 6 537 Thermal 13 253 Nuclear 10 526 TOTAL 30 316 Energy production In 1987 was 126 terawatt-hours, of which 50% (63 TWh) was from nuclear power. Ontario Hydro's Nuclear Program, based upon the CANDU reactor design, 1s currently made up of 16 units (Table 1) 1n service with a net capacity of 10 526 MW(e). The 4 unit Oariington station, (Table 2) now under construction, will bring this total to more than 14 000 MW(e) by the year 1992. Cumulative operating experience with our nuclear program to the end of 1987 was 172 reactor years. The forecasted energy production!2! for the year 1997 1s approximately 166 terawatt-hours of which approximately 60% will come from nuclear power. Ontario Hydro Is currently Involved 1n a Demand/Supply Planning Strategy which will determine the need for and type of electrical generation that the Province will require after the year 1997. One of the options 1s the construction of further nuclear generation facilities. The forecasted energy production!2! for the year 2006 1s approximately 191 terauatt-hours. If nuclear generation 1s Included 1n the option chosen, 1t is estimated that approximately 60% of this forecast will come from nuclear power. Since the start of Its nuclear program In 1962, Ontario Hydro has used a system of Management by Objectives to achieve excellence and ensure excellence 1n the future. The five key objective areas are: (1) Worker Safety (2) Public Safety (3) Environmental Protection (4) Reliability (5) Product Cost Each area 1s quantified by standards and targets. By measuring actual performance against these standards and targets, Ontario Hydro management 1s able to assess the relative performance of Its nuclear program, set priorities and make appropriate program decisions. This paper 1s structured around each of the objective areas, Details of the current nuclear program are shown 1n the following tables: Table I Ontario Hydro Units 1n Service Nuclear Generating Number Net Capacity In-Serv1ce Station Of Units HW (e) Dates Pickering NGS-A 4 060 1971-1973 Pickering NGS-B 4 064 1983-1986 Bruce NGS-A 4 056 1977-1979 Bruce NGS-B 4_ 3 346 1985-1987 Total 16 10 526 Table II Ontario Hydro Units Under Construction Nuclear Generating Number Net Capacity In-Serv1ce Station Of Units HW (e) Dates Darlington NGS 4 3 520 1989-1992 2.0 WORKER SAFETY The worker safety goal of the Nuclear Generation Division of Ontario Hydro 1s to have Its employees be safer at work than when not at work, safer than non-nuclear workers at Ontario Hydro and safer than workers 1n other Industries. The program emphasizes both conventional and radiological safety. In the 26 years since the start of commercial nuclear operations, Ontario Hydro's nuclear worker safety record has been very good. Highlights Include: (1) Over 133 million hours of work 1n Ontario Hydro nuclear stations without a fatality to a nuclear employee. (2) No employees have been known to be Injured as a result of radiation exposure. (3) The Injury rate to Ontario Hydro nuclear employees has been less than 7% of the average experienced In all Ontario manufacturing Industries over the last ten years. Radiation dose to our workers per unit of energy produced continues to be very low. Dose has been managed by a dose control program which ensures that workers are never exposed to greater than the regulatory limits. Actual average worker dose 1s considerably less than these limits. The historical Information for the period 1968-1987 can be seen 1n Figures 1 and 2. In 1985 we achieved the lowest radiation dose per unit of energy produced since 1968 1n spite of the Increase In operating units from 2 to 16. The 1985 performance was 0.024 rem/GWh(e) and 1n 1987 0.027 rem/GWh(e). The 1987 experience equates to an average of approximately 0.34 rem for all exposed workers. The pressure tube replacement at Pickering Units 1 and 2 had potential for high radiation doses to our workers.