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On Ttethernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks
On TTEthernet for Integrated Fault-Tolerant Spacecraft Networks Andrew Loveless∗ NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, 77058 There has recently been a push for adopting integrated modular avionics (IMA) princi- ples in designing spacecraft architectures. This consolidation of multiple vehicle functions to shared computing platforms can significantly reduce spacecraft cost, weight, and de- sign complexity. Ethernet technology is attractive for inclusion in more integrated avionic systems due to its high speed, flexibility, and the availability of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. Furthermore, Ethernet can be augmented with a variety of quality of service (QoS) enhancements that enable its use for transmitting critical data. TTEthernet introduces a decentralized clock synchronization paradigm enabling the use of time-triggered Ethernet messaging appropriate for hard real-time applications. TTEther- net can also provide two forms of event-driven communication, therefore accommodating the full spectrum of traffic criticality levels required in IMA architectures. This paper explores the application of TTEthernet technology to future IMA spacecraft architectures as part of the Avionics and Software (A&S) project chartered by NASA's Advanced Ex- ploration Systems (AES) program. Nomenclature A&S = Avionics and Software Project AA2 = Ascent Abort 2 AES = Advanced Exploration Systems Program ANTARES = Advanced NASA Technology Architecture for Exploration Studies API = Application Program Interface ARM = Asteroid Redirect Mission -
Ciena 5305 Service Aggregation Switch Datasheet
5305 SERVICE AGGREGATION SWITCH Features and Benefits The 5305 Ethernet/MPLS service aggregation > Features advanced Ethernet and MPLS to support demanding business, mobile switch is purpose-built for Carrier Ethernet backhaul, transport, and residential applications including L2VPN service to deliver cost-effective capacity, scalability, delivery and aggregation, 3G/4G wireless backhaul, FTTx and IP DSLAM and resiliency. With this switch, service Aggregation and L2 backhaul of L3VPNs > Delivers optimal density and service providers can keep pace with the constantly flexibility with a compact modular chassis, supporting incremental increasing demand for bandwidth and next- expansion of service and bandwidth capacity with linear CAPEX outlay generation services that support business, > Supports tens of thousands of services mobile backhaul, transport, and residential on a single system with robust scalability of up to 30,000+ VLANs and applications in metro networks. two million MAC addresses per chassis > Delivers high reliability, five-9s The 5305 is a modular, chassis-based system optimized for metro-edge deployments availability, and 50 ms protection in a wide variety of network topologies, including fiber and microwave rings, point-to- switching resiliency using state-of- the-art hardware and software design point fiber, microwave mesh, and fiber or copper to the subscriber. The switch coupled with advanced control plane supports high-density Gigabit Ethernet (GbE) connectivity to the subscriber edge and and Ethernet OAM capabilities -
Ethernet Alliance Hosts Third IEEE 802.1 Data Center Bridging
MEDIA ALERT Ethernet Alliance® Hosts Third IEEE 802.1 Data Center Bridging Interoperability Test Event Participation is Open to Both Ethernet Alliance Members and Non‐Members WHAT: The Ethernet Alliance Ethernet in the Data Center Subcommittee has announced it will host an IEEE 802.1 Data Center Bridging (DCB) interoperability test event the week of May 23 in Durham, NH at the University of New Hampshire Interoperability Lab. The Ethernet Alliance invites both members and non‐members to participate in this third DCB test event that will include both protocol and applications testing. The event targets interoperability testing of Ethernet standards being developed by IEEE 802.1 DCB task force to address network convergence issues. Testing of protocols will include projects such as IEEE P802.1Qbb Priority Flow Control (PFC), IEEE P802.1Qaz Enhanced Transmission Selection (ETS) and DCB Capability Exchange Protocol (DCBX). The test event will include testing across a broad vendor community and will exercise DCB features across multiple platforms as well as exercise higher layer protocols such as Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE), iSCSI over DCB, RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) and other latency sensitive applications. WHY: These test events help vendors create interoperable, market‐ready products that interoperate to the IEEE 802.1 DCB standards. WHEN: Conference Call for Interested Participants: Friday, March 4 at 10 AM PST Event Registration Open Until: March 4, 2011 Event Dates (tentative): May 23‐27, 2011 WHERE: University of New Hampshire Interoperability Lab (UNH‐IOL) Durham, NH WHO: The DCB Interoperability Event is hosted by the Ethernet Alliance. REGISTER: To get more information, learn about participation fees and/or register for the DCB plugfest, please visit Ethernet Alliance DCB Interoperability Test Event page or contact [email protected]. -
PROFINET for Network Geeks
PROFINET for Network Geeks (and those who want to be) Introduction PROFINET is an open Industrial Ethernet standard. It is a communication protocol that exchanges data between automation controllers and devices. With over 25 million installed nodes (as of 2018), PROFINET is one of the most widely used Industrial Ethernet standards worldwide. But even though millions of users are familiar with PROFINET, not all users understand how it works. This white paper starts with a brief overview of Ethernet and the 7-layer ISO-OSI model. Then, it describes how PROFINET’s 3 communication channels fit in the model: TCP/IP and UDP/IP, Real-Time (RT), and Isochronous Real-Time (IRT). 1 Ethernet The transition from using 4-20 mA analog signals for I/O communication to digital fieldbuses provided the benefits of reduced wiring, access to network data, and robust diagnostics. The later transition from digital fieldbuses to Ethernet was also similarly a shift to a more modern technology. Ethernet incorporated and improved upon the benefits of fieldbuses. Ethernet is ubiquitous and PROFINET uses standard Ethernet. Ethernet gives PROFINET the ability to provide faster updates, more bandwidth, larger messages, an unlimited address space, and even more diagnostic capabilities. Also, as commercial Ethernet evolves, PROFINET can take advantage of these physical layer improvements. Figure 1 ISO-OSI Model The ISO-OSI Model Ethernet-based communications can be represented by a seven-layer model: the ISO/OSI Reference Model. The model generically describes the means and methods used to transmit data. Each layer has a specific name and function, as shown in Figure 1. -
Žilinská Univerzita V Žiline Elektrotechnická Fakulta Katedra Telekomunikácií
Žilinská univerzita v Žiline Elektrotechnická fakulta Katedra telekomunikácií Teoretický návrh a realizácia sieťového uzla na báze protokolov 802.1Q, IP a BGP Pavol Križan 2006 Teoretický návrh a realizácia sieťového uzla na báze protokolov 802.1Q, IP a BGP DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCA PAVOL KRIŽAN ŽILINSKÁ UNIVERZITA V ŽILINE Elektrotechnická fakulta Katedra telekomunikácií Študijný odbor: TELEKOMUNIKÁCIE Vedúci diplomovej práce: Ing. Peter Zuberec Stupeň kvalifikácie: inžinier (Ing.) Dátum odovzdania diplomovej práce: 19.05.2006 ŽILINA 2006 Abstrakt Diplomová práca popisuje základy fungovania počítačových sietí VLAN, protokoly, ktoré sa v nich využívajú a základy smerovacích protokolov, špeciálne Border Gateway Protokol (BGP). Práca sa tiež zaoberá vytvorením modelu sieťového uzla, ktorý bude poskytovať smerovanie s použitím BGP protokolu, podporu VLAN a vysokú redundanciu zariadení alebo liniek. This diploma work is dealing with basic functions of Virtual Local Area Networks, protocols used in those netwoks and basics of routing protocols, specially Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). It describes creation of network node, which will provide routing using BGP protocol, VLAN support and high redundancy of devices or links . Žilinská univerzita v Žiline, Elektrotechnická fakulta, Katedra telekomunikácií ________________________________________________________________________ ANOTAČNÝ ZÁZNAM - DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCA Priezvisko, meno: Križan Pavol školský rok: 2005/2006 Názov práce: Teoretický návrh a realizácia sieťového uzla na báze protokolov 802.1Q, IP a BGP Počet strán: 50 Počet obrázkov: 23 Počet tabuliek: 0 Počet grafov: 0 Počet príloh: 0 Použitá lit.: 16 Anotácia: Diplomová práca popisuje základy fungovania počítačových sietí VLAN, protokoly, ktoré sa v nich využívajú a základy smerovacích protokolov, špeciálne Border Gateway Protokol (BGP). Práca sa tiež zaoberá vytvorením modelu sieťového uzla, ktorý bude poskytovať smerovanie s použitím BGP protokolu, podporu VLAN a vysokú redundanciu zariadení alebo liniek. -
IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008)
IEEE Standard for Ethernet IEEE Computer Society Sponsored by the LAN/MAN Standards Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 New York, NY 10016-5997 (Revision of USA IEEE Std 802.3-2008) 28 December 2012 IEEE Std 802.3™-2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2008) IEEE Standard for Ethernet Sponsor LAN/MAN Standards Committee of the IEEE Computer Society Approved 30 August 2012 IEEE-SA Standard Board Abstract: Ethernet local area network operation is specified for selected speeds of operation from 1 Mb/s to 100 Gb/s using a common media access control (MAC) specification and management information base (MIB). The Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) MAC protocol specifies shared medium (half duplex) operation, as well as full duplex operation. Speed specific Media Independent Interfaces (MIIs) allow use of selected Physical Layer devices (PHY) for operation over coaxial, twisted-pair or fiber optic cables. System considerations for multisegment shared access networks describe the use of Repeaters that are defined for operational speeds up to 1000 Mb/s. Local Area Network (LAN) operation is supported at all speeds. Other specified capabilities include various PHY types for access networks, PHYs suitable for metropolitan area network applications, and the provision of power over selected twisted-pair PHY types. Keywords: 10BASE; 100BASE; 1000BASE; 10GBASE; 40GBASE; 100GBASE; 10 Gigabit Ethernet; 40 Gigabit Ethernet; 100 Gigabit Ethernet; attachment unit interface; AUI; Auto Negotiation; Backplane Ethernet; data processing; DTE Power via the MDI; EPON; Ethernet; Ethernet in the First Mile; Ethernet passive optical network; Fast Ethernet; Gigabit Ethernet; GMII; information exchange; IEEE 802.3; local area network; management; medium dependent interface; media independent interface; MDI; MIB; MII; PHY; physical coding sublayer; Physical Layer; physical medium attachment; PMA; Power over Ethernet; repeater; type field; VLAN TAG; XGMII The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. -
10-Port 2.5GBASE-T Web Smart Switch with 2 X 10G SFP+ Slots
TEG-30102WS 10-Port 2.5GBASE-T Web Smart Switch with 2 x 10G SFP+ Slots TEG-30102WS (v1.0R) • 8 x 2.5GBASE-T RJ-45 ports with 2 x 10G SFP+ slots • 2.5GBASE-T supports up to 2.5Gbps connection speeds • Compatible with existing Cat5e or better cabling • Easy to use web-based management interface • Supports up to 32 IPv4/IPv6 static routes • Supports LACP, VLAN, and IGMP Snooping • IEEE 802.1p QoS with queue scheduling support • Per port MAC restriction and dynamic ARP inspection • Bandwidth control per port • 80Gbps switching capacity • 1U rack mountable (brackets included) TRENDnet’s 10-Port 2.5GBASE-T Web Smart Switch with eight 2.5GBASE-T ports and two 10G SFP+ slots, model TEG-30102WS, delivers advanced management features with an 80Gbps switching capacity. The TEG-30102WS is equipped with 2.5GBASE-T RJ-45 ports that provide higher gigabit speeds capable of up to 2.5Gbps over existing Cat5e or better cabling. This rack mountable IPv6 ready switch comes with an intuitive web-based interface. Advanced traffic management controls include IP routing, VLAN, QoS, access controls, link aggregation, troubleshooting, and SNMP monitoring, making this a powerful solution for SMB networks. TEG-30102WS Web Smart Management 2.5GBASE-T Ports 10G SFP+ Slots Provides an easy to use web-based GUI Equipped with eight 2.5GBASE-T RJ-45 Offers two 10G SFP+ slots for high-speed management interface for advanced traffic ports that provide higher gigabit speeds network connections providing a cost- management controls, IP routing, VLAN, capable of up to 2.5Gbps over existing effective solution in adding 10G link QoS, access controls, link aggregation, Cat5e or better cabling. -
Converged Networking in the Data Center
Converged Networking in the Data Center Peter P. Waskiewicz Jr. LAN Access Division, Intel Corp. [email protected] Abstract data center as a whole. In addition to the general power and cooling costs, other areas of focus are the physical The networking world in Linux has undergone some sig- amount of servers and their associated cabling that re- nificant changes in the past two years. With the expan- side in a typical data center. Servers very often have sion of multiqueue networking, coupled with the grow- multiple network connections to various network seg- ing abundance of multi-core computers with 10 Gigabit ments, plus they’re usually connected to a SAN: ei- Ethernet, the concept of efficiently converging different ther a Fiber Channel fabric or an iSCSI infrastructure. network flows becomes a real possibility. These multiple network and SAN connections mean large amounts of cabling being laid down to attach a This paper presents the concepts behind network con- server. Converged Networking takes a 10GbE device vergence. Using the IEEE 802.1Qaz Priority Group- that is capable of Data Center Bridging in hardware, ing and Data Center Bridging concepts to group mul- and consolidates all of those network connections and tiple traffic flows, this paper will demonstrate how dif- SAN connections into a single, physical device and ca- ferent types of traffic, such as storage and LAN traf- ble. The rest of this paper will illustrate the different fic, can efficiently coexist on the same physical connec- aspects of Data Center Bridging, which is the network- tion. -
Network Virtualization Using Shortest Path Bridging (802.1Aq) and IP/SPB
avaya.com Network Virtualization using Shortest Path Bridging and IP/SPB Abstract This White Paper discusses the benefits and applicability of the IEEE 802.1aq Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) protocol which is augmented with sophisticated Layer 3 routing capabilities. The use of SPB and the value to solve virtualization of today’s network connectivity in the enterprise campus as well as the data center are covered. This document is intended for any technically savvy network manager as well as network architect who are faced with: • Reducing time to service requirements • Less tolerance for network down time • Network Virtualization requirements for Layer 2 (VLAN-extensions) and Layer 3 (VRF-extensions) • Server Virtualization needs in data center deployments requiring a large set of Layer 2 connections (VLANs) • Traffic separation requirements in campus deployments for security purposes as well as robustness considerations (i.e. contractors for maintenance reasons needing access to their equipment or guest access needs) • Multi-tenant applications such as airports, governments or any other network with multiple discrete (legal) entities that require traffic separation WHITE PAPER 1 avaya.com Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 2. Benefits of SPB ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Network Service Enablement ............................................................................................................ -
Interactions Between TCP and Ethernet Flow Control Over Netgear
Interactions between TCP and Ethernet flow control over Netgear XAVB2001 HomePlug AV links Radika Veera Valli, Grenville Armitage, Jason But, Thuy Nguyen Centre for Advanced Internet Architectures, Technical Report 130121A Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne, Australia [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract—HomePlug AV links are usually slower than buffers along network paths. A side-effect of such loss- the surrounding wired LAN links, creating a bottleneck based CC behaviour is that all traffic sharing the bottle- where traffic may be buffered and delayed. To investigate neck will experience additional latency due to increased the interactions between TCP congestion control and average queueing delays [5]. This is particularly prob- Ethernet flow control we trialled four TCP variants over a lematic for real-time application flows (such as VoIP and HomePlug AV link using two Netgear XAVB2001 devices. We observed that the XAVB2001’s use of Ethernet flow online games) given the growth of arguably-gratuitous control effectively concatenates the buffers in both the buffering (“buffer bloat”) in network devices, interface XAVB2001 and the directly attached sending host. This led cards and network software stacks [6]. to multi-second RTTs when using NewReno and CUBIC In this report we borrow from, and extend, previous (loss-based) TCPs, which is significantly troublesome for work by one of the current authors [7]. Our new work multimedia traffic on home LANs. In contrast, Vegas explores in greater detail the latency and flow control and CDG (delay-based) TCPs kept buffer utilisation low, issues that emerge when end-to-end TCP is allowed to and induced five to ten milliseconds RTT. -
Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work
Optical Transport Networks & Technologies Standardization Work Plan Issue 24, February 2018 GENERAL ........................................................................................................................... 3 PART 1: STATUS REPORTS AS OF JANUARY 2018 ...................................................... 4 1 HIGHLIGHT OF ITU-T SG15 ........................................................................................ 4 2 REPORTS FROM OTHER ORGANIZATIONS ............................................................ 4 PART 2: STANDARD WORK PLAN ................................................................................... 8 1 INTRODUCTION TO PART 2 ...................................................................................... 8 2 SCOPE ......................................................................................................................... 8 3 ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ 8 4 DEFINITIONS AND DESCRIPTIONS .......................................................................... 9 4.1 Optical and other Transport Networks & Technologies (OTNT) ....................................................... 9 4.2 Optical Transport Network (OTN) (largely revised in 09/2016 reflecting B100G) ............................ 9 4.2.1 FlexE in OIF (updated in June-2017) .......................................................................................... 11 4.3 Support for mobile networks (reference to ITU-R M2375 added -
Chapter 2 Link Layer Verilog Hardware Implementation, and One Wireless Broadcast Link, I.E
Modern Computer Networks: An open source approach Chapter 2 Modern Computer Networks: An open source approach Chapter 2 package, one wired broadcast link, i.e. Ethernet in Section 2.4 along with its Chapter 2 Link Layer Verilog hardware implementation, and one wireless broadcast link, i.e. wireless LAN (WLAN) in Section 2.5 plus a brief on Bluetooth and WiMAX. PPP is Problem Statement popularly used in the last-mile dial-up services or routers carrying various network protocols over point-to-point links. Ethernet has occupied more than 95 percent of To effectively and efficiently transmit data over physical links from one node wired LANs. It is also poised to be ubiquitous in MANs and WANs. In contrast to to one or more nodes, there is much more to do than simply modulating or desktop PCs, which usually use wired links, many devices such as laptop PCs encoding bit stream into signal. Transmission impairments, such as crosstalk and cellular phones are mobile and prefer wireless links such as WLAN, Bluetooth, between two adjacent pairs, can unexpectedly change transmission signal and and WiMAX. thus result in errors. The transmitter might transmit faster than the receiver can Table 2.1 Link protocols. handle. The transmitter has to somehow indicate the destination(s), if on a PAN/LAN MAN/WAN broadcast link, i.e. LAN, and usually needs to name itself to let the receiver know Token Bus (802.4) DQDB (802.6) Token Ring (802.5) HDLC where the source is. If multiple stations share a LAN, an arbitration mechanism is HIPPI X.25 required to determine who can transmit next.