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German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War
EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE, FLORENCE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND CIVILIZATION EUI Working Paper HEC No. 2004/1 The Expulsion of the ‘German’ Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War Edited by STEFFEN PRAUSER and ARFON REES BADIA FIESOLANA, SAN DOMENICO (FI) All rights reserved. No part of this paper may be reproduced in any form without permission of the author(s). © 2004 Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees and individual authors Published in Italy December 2004 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50016 San Domenico (FI) Italy www.iue.it Contents Introduction: Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees 1 Chapter 1: Piotr Pykel: The Expulsion of the Germans from Czechoslovakia 11 Chapter 2: Tomasz Kamusella: The Expulsion of the Population Categorized as ‘Germans' from the Post-1945 Poland 21 Chapter 3: Balázs Apor: The Expulsion of the German Speaking Population from Hungary 33 Chapter 4: Stanislav Sretenovic and Steffen Prauser: The “Expulsion” of the German Speaking Minority from Yugoslavia 47 Chapter 5: Markus Wien: The Germans in Romania – the Ambiguous Fate of a Minority 59 Chapter 6: Tillmann Tegeler: The Expulsion of the German Speakers from the Baltic Countries 71 Chapter 7: Luigi Cajani: School History Textbooks and Forced Population Displacements in Europe after the Second World War 81 Bibliography 91 EUI WP HEC 2004/1 Notes on the Contributors BALÁZS APOR, STEFFEN PRAUSER, PIOTR PYKEL, STANISLAV SRETENOVIC and MARKUS WIEN are researchers in the Department of History and Civilization, European University Institute, Florence. TILLMANN TEGELER is a postgraduate at Osteuropa-Institut Munich, Germany. Dr TOMASZ KAMUSELLA, is a lecturer in modern European history at Opole University, Opole, Poland. -
The Reconstruction of Nations
The Reconstruction of Nations The Reconstruction of Nations Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, 1569–1999 Timothy Snyder Yale University Press New Haven & London Published with the assistance of the Frederick W. Hilles Fund of Yale University. Copyright © by Yale University. All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections and of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Snyder, Timothy. The reconstruction of nations : Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus, ‒ / Timothy Snyder. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN --- (alk. paper) . Europe, Eastern—History—th century. I. Title. DJK. .S .—dc A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. For Marianna Brown Snyder and Guy Estel Snyder and in memory of Lucile Fisher Hadley and Herbert Miller Hadley Contents Names and Sources, ix Gazetteer, xi Maps, xiii Introduction, Part I The Contested Lithuanian-Belarusian Fatherland 1 The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (–), 2 Lithuania! My Fatherland! (–), 3 The First World War and the Wilno Question (–), 4 The Second World War and the Vilnius Question (–), 5 Epilogue: -
© Joanna Getka,Viktor Moisiienko, 2020 УДК 811.161.2ʼ28 (09) DOI
УДК 811.161.2ʼ28 (09) DOI 10.35433/ 2220-4555.17.2020.fil-4 Joanna Getka, habilitated doctor, head of the Department of Intercultural Studies Central and Eastern Europe Faculty of Applied Linguistics University of Warsaw ORCID: 0000-0001-5857-7257 [email protected] Viktor Moisiienko, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Professor of the Department of Ukrainian Zhytomyr Ivan Franko State University ORCID: 0000-0002-8420-1947 [email protected] ORIGINS OF THE UKRAINIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE POLISH HYPOTHESIS ON GENESIS POLISH LITERARY LANGUAGE The analysis of discussions, regarding the creation of the Polish literary language, has become a powerful stimulus for creating a completely new point of view on the beginnings of the Ukrainian literary language. This article proposes a new approach to research into Ukrainian literary standard. This term – much better than the somewhat outdated term «literary language», suggesting a certain artistry of the author's utterance – is, however, still used in parallel with the generally accepted term literary language. The authors start from the theory created by Stanisław Urbańczyk and developed by Bohdan Walczak, according to which one can speak about literary language with the emergence of the first norm. The norm of the Ukrainian literary language has undoubtedly been created for many centuries and taking into account various cultural influences. However, undoubtedly its origins can be traced back to the period of Kyivian Rus. Similarly to Latin for Polish language, the Church Slavonic language for Ukrainian became an incentive to create one's own literary standard. The process of shaping the Polish and Ukrainian standards, however, was not the same. -
Czeslaw Milosz - Poems
Classic Poetry Series Czeslaw Milosz - poems - Publication Date: 2013 Publisher: Poemhunter.com - The World's Poetry Archive Czeslaw Milosz(30 June 1911 – 14 August 2004) Polish poet, prose writer and translator of Lithuanian origin and subsequent American citizenship. His World War II-era sequence The World is a collection of 20 "naive" poems. He defected to the West in 1951, and his nonfiction book "The Captive Mind" (1953) is a classic of anti-Stalinism. From 1961 to 1998 he was a professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley. In 1980 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Life Czeslaw Milosz was born on June 30, 1911 in the village of Šeteniai (Kedainiai district, Kaunas County) on the border between two Lithuanian historical regions of Samogitia and Aukštaitija in central Lithuania (then part of Russian empire). He was a son of Aleksander Milosz, a civil engineer, and Weronika, née Kunat. His brother, Andrzej Milosz (1917–2002), a Polish journalist, translator of literature and of film subtitles into Polish, was a documentary-film producer who created some Polish documentaries about his famous brother. Milosz emphasized his identity with the multi-ethnic Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a stance that led to ongoing controversies; he refused to categorically identify himself as either a Pole or a Lithuanian. He once said of himself: "I am a Lithuanian to whom it was not given to be a Lithuanian." Milosz was fluent in Polish, Lithuanian, Russian, English and French. Milosz memorialized his Lithuanian childhood in a 1981 novel, The Issa Valley, and in the 1959 memoir Native Realm. -
Joanna Aleksandra Getka a Discontinuation
Pobrane z czasopisma Studia Bia?orutenistyczne http://bialorutenistyka.umcs.pl Data: 19/03/2021 10:16:43 DOI:10.17951/sb.2020.14.279-295 Studia Białorutenistyczne 14/2020 LINGUISTICS ISSN: 1898-0457 e-ISSN: 2449-8270 Licence: CC BY 4.0 Joanna Aleksandra Getka University of Warsaw (Poland) Email: [email protected] ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5857-7257 A Discontinuation or a Preservation of the (Old) Belarusian Writing Tradition in the 18th Century? Contributions to the Discussion on the Development of the Literary Belarusian Language as Applied to Publications of the Basilian Printing Oices in Supraśl and Vilnius Przerwanie czy przetrwanie (staro)białoruskiej tradycji piśmienniczej w XVIII wieku? Przyczynki do dyskusji nad rozwojem literackiego języka białoruskiego na materiale wydań bazyliańskich drukarni z Supraśla i Wilna Заняпад ці эвалюцыя (стара)беларускай пісьмовай традыцыі ў XVIII стагоддзі? Да пытання пра дыскусію вакол развіцця літаратурнай беларускай мовы (на матэрыяле выданняў базыльянскіх тыпаграфій Супрасля і Вільні) UMCSAbstract The article presents elements of simple speech, the 18th century Ruthenian language, the testaments to which are the religious texts of that period published by theBasilian printing ofice in Supraśl (Sobranije pripadkov, 1722, Kratkoje soslovije, 1759, Pouczenije o obrjadach, 1788). The analysis of the Supraśl texts is supplemented by an analysis of a xtte published by the monastic printing ofice in Vilnius (Ecphonemata Liturgiey Greckiey 1671) inhe t Church Slavonic language but using the Latin script. Due to a variety of factors: whether political ones or scholarly stereotypes, religious texts were omitted in language research (on simple speech, Ruthenian language) and the Belarusian writing of the 18th century. -
Protection of Poland's Volhynian Ukrainian Minority, 1921-1939
Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 The Failure of the Entente: Protection of Poland's Volhynian Ukrainian Minority, 1921-1939 Suzanne Elizabeth Scott Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES THE FAILURE OF THE ENTENTE: PROTECTION OF POLAND’S VOLHYNIAN UKRAINIAN MINORITY, 1921-1939 By SUZANNE ELIZABETH SCOTT A Thesis submitted to the Department of History in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Suzanne Elizabeth Scott defended on June 24, 2009. Edward Wynot Professor Directing Thesis Jonathan Grant Committee Member Robert Romanchuk Committee Member The Graduate School has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For Bernard Szabo iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There have been many, many people along the way who have helped with research and/or encouraged me. First and foremost, I would like to thank my committee members for the countless hours spent discussing sources and instructing me in Russian and Ukrainian. I would also like to thank the people who helped direct my research at various institutions. Vadim Altskan, the program coordinator for the International Archival Division in the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C. bantered with me in Ukrainian and loaned me his copy of Shmuel Spector’s The Holocaust of Volhynian Jews, 1941-1944. Not an ideal “bed time story,” but vital for this thesis. -
Making Jews Modern in the Polish Borderlands
Out of the Shtetl Making Jews Modern in the Polish Borderlands NANCY SINKOFF OUT OF THE SHTETL Program in Judaic Studies Brown University Box 1826 Providence, RI 02912 BROWN JUDAIC STUDIES Series Editors David C. Jacobson Ross S. Kraemer Saul M. Olyan Number 336 OUT OF THE SHTETL Making Jews Modern in the Polish Borderlands by Nancy Sinkoff OUT OF THE SHTETL Making Jews Modern in the Polish Borderlands Nancy Sinkoff Brown Judaic Studies Providence Copyright © 2020 by Brown University Library of Congress Control Number: 2019953799 Publication assistance from the Koret Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non- Commercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecom- mons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. To use this book, or parts of this book, in any way not covered by the license, please contact Brown Judaic Studies, Brown University, Box 1826, Providence, RI 02912. In memory of my mother Alice B. Sinkoff (April 23, 1930 – February 6, 1997) and my father Marvin W. Sinkoff (October 22, 1926 – July 19, 2002) CONTENTS Acknowledgments....................................................................................... ix A Word about Place Names ....................................................................... xiii List of Maps and Illustrations .................................................................... xv Introduction: -
Western Ukraine Poland 1920-1939 (Ethnic Relationships)
WESTERN UKRAINE WITHIN POLAND 1920-1939 (ethnic relationships) by VOLODYMYR KUBI JOVYC ABOUT THE AUTOR Volodymyr Kubijor+, Ph. D. (*1900, in Ukraine), geopapher, demo- grapher, lecturer of the Cracow University, 1928-1939, professor of the Ukrainian Free University in Prague (Czechoslovakia), later in Munich (Germany). Numerous works and maps in the field of geography and demography. Editor-inchief of ,,Encyclopaedia Ukrainoznavstva" in Ukrainian (6 volumes have already appeared, 1949-1960). Editor-in-Chief of "Uluaine, a Concise Encyclopaedia" in English, published by Toronto University Press, 1963. Editor; Mykola Shlemkevych Cover Design by Petro Cholodnyj The publication of this booklet war facilitated by grants of Ukrainian Reread and Inf., Inrtitutt, Inc. - - Branch Chicago, ILL. VOLODYMYR KUBIJOVYC WESTERN UKRAINE POLAND 1920-1939 (ETHNIC RELATIONSHIPS) Ukrainian Reroarch and Information Institute, Inc., Chicr~oILL. - 1963 CONTENTS I . Western Ukraine: Territory and population ................................ 5 I1 . General Characteristic ..................................................................6 111. Galicia ..........................................................................................9 IV . Volhynia ......................................................................................19 V. Polisia ............................................................................................28 VI . Kholm Area and Podlachia ........................................................ 22 VII . Summary .................................................................................... -
Czesław Miłosz and “The Generation of Columbuses” in Lithuanian Literature: a Contribution to One More Parallel Biography*
WIELOGŁOS Pismo Wydziału Polonistyki UJ 2018; Special Issue (English version), pp. 59–70 doi: 10.4467/2084395XWI.18.012.9880 www.ejournals.eu/Wieloglos Beata Kalęba Jagiellonian University in Kraków Czesław Miłosz and “The Generation of Columbuses” in Lithuanian Literature: A Contribution to One More Parallel Biography* Keywords: Czesław Miłosz, Lithuanian literature, modernism, exile, comparative literary studies. The inspiration to undertake this subject was twofold. Firstly, it was born from a reading of the preface by Czesław Miłosz’s and the afterword by Alfonsas Nyka-Niliūnas, a Lithuanian poet, to a collection of Lithuanian translations of Miłosz’s poems entitled Epochos sąmoningumo poezija (The Poetry of an Epoch’s Self-Consiousness). This was published in 1955 in Buenos Aires by the editors of a Lithuanian emigrant literary journal “Literatūros lankai” (“Lit- erary Sheets”)1 as the first volume of a literary publishing series [see: Miłosz 1955]2. This paper is also concerned with the question regarding the motiva- * Polish original: (2014) Czesław Miłosz i litewscy „Kolumbowie”. Przyczynek do jeszcze jednej biografii równoległej.Wielogłos 2(20), pp. 65–80. 1 The journal was published in Buenos Aires in the years 1952–1959. It was edited by Juozas Kėkštas and Kazys Bradūnas. Its purpose was to serve the idea of including Lithu- anian literature in the Western literary current. The objective of the book series that accom- panied the journal and whose first volume was Miłosz’s Epochos sąmoningumo poezija was to present the works of contemporary literature incorporating the idea of “art for man’s sake”, or art consciously reflecting its epoch. -
East Slavic Dialectology: Achievements and Perspectives of Areal Linguistics
East Slavic Dialectology: Achievements and Perspectives of Areal Linguistics Björn Wiemer & Ilja A. Seržant 1. Introductory remarks The aim of this introductory chapter is to provide uptodate insights into East Slavic dialectological tradition against a background of dialectologi cal traditions and areal linguistics in Western Europe. We have also tried to take insights from areal typology and theorizing on language contact into account. Because of this perspective, we have tried to keep sight of the chronology of approaches and goals in dialectological research since the nineteenth century, and we focus in particular on the evolution of dialect geography, as we consider it to be a kind of linkage between dia lectology and areal linguistics (and typology). The main idea behind this paper and the volume in general is to foster the integration of dialectol ogy into other linguistic subdisciplines. We will argue below that (areal) typology, theory of language contact, historical linguistics and various approaches to grammar may considerably benefit from dialectology and, of course, vice versa. The structure of this introduction is as follows. We start with a sketch of the main lines along which dialectology in Western Europe (1.1–1.2) and in East Slavic countries (1.3) has been developing. This sketch is also meant to highlight the ideological orientations and more global research endeavours within which dialectology has been embedded. The first sec tion ends with a critical assessment of one of the most neglected fields of dialectology, namely dialectal syntax (1.4), emphasizing the importance of annotated dialectal corpora for progress in contemporary dialecto logical research. -
JBS Eng 14 June Lulu
3 The Journal of Belarusian Studies From the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to the Belarusian Democratic Republic: the Idea of Belarusian Statehood during the German Occupation of Belarusian Lands, 1915 - 1919 BY DOROTA MICHALUK AND PER ANDERS RUDLING* Belarusian national identity was velopment. THe Russian imperial government left a legacy of a low level of education, few schools, and widespread illiteracy.1 Early national activists, such as the circle around the journal (1906-1915) argued for tHe use of tHe Belarusian language in all aspects of life. In 1907 it editorialises: now it is possible to nurture tHe hope tHat our darkened (ciomny) Belarusian will wake up from His sleep and recognise tHat He is a Human being. PerHaps one day we will even be able to Hear tHe great words of science in our native language (1907). Belarusian nationalist pioneers referred to nationally unconscious Belarusian peasants as ciomny narod (literally: darkened people), and perceived themselves as enlighteners who would bring the light of education and modernity to awaken * Dr hab. Dorota Michaluk is an Associate Professor in the Department of Eastern Europe at Nicolaus Department of History at Lund University, Sweden. While co-written, the introduction, sections on the , Ober Ost and the conclusions are written primarily by Per Anders Rudling. The sections on the ideology, politics and internal divisions of Belarusian nationalism and the politics of the BNR are written primarily by Dorota Michaluk. 1 According to the census of 1897, 70 per cent of the children above the age of 10 were illiterate in the only 25.7 per cent could read and write. -
Disembodied Teaching and Learning: Contributions from Speech Acts, Peircean Sign Theory and Multimodal Approaches to Embodied Cognition
E. Andrews/Glossos 15 summer(2020) 1-12 Disembodied Teaching and Learning: Contributions from Speech Acts, Peircean Sign Theory and Multimodal Approaches to Embodied Cognition Edna Andrews, Duke University The following article is the first of three in a series that attempts to frame a set of principles for measuring the outcomes of the introduction of remote teaching and learning across U.S. universities and K-12 schools during March-May, 2020. The framework of the first analysis is one of the common mediums and platforms for course realizations, Zoom, and how remote synchronous (real-time) teaching and learning measures up in comparison with typical campus-based, face-to-face classroom teaching and learning. Speech act theory, communities of practice and speech communities will be the focus of the analysis in order to provide a research basis for designing the analysis. The second article will be about embodied cognitions and neuroscience contributions to language learning, and the final article will focus on best practices in collecting behavioral data for cognitive neuroscience and linguistic studies of language acquisition, maintenance and loss. Key words: speech acts, remote learning, speech communities, communities of practice, face-to-face, online technologies contexts on a continuum of face-to-face, on- campus teaching and learning to hybrid By way of introduction models of remote and online courses. Understanding how languages are important Across the globe, the spring of 2020 to the channels and knowledge-sharing that brought about unprecedented changes in define the teaching experience is the teaching and learning across all levels of foundation for moving forward with (1) education – from elementary schools description and analysis of teaching and through vocational and technical schools, learning outside of the traditional classroom, community colleges, graduate and and (2) formulating robust research projects professional university programs.