Film and TV Content in VOD Catalogues 2020 Edition

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Film and TV content in VOD catalogues 2020 Edition

Christian Grece & Marta Jiménez Pumares October 2020

A publication of the European Audiovisual Observatory Table of Contents

A. Main findings - Film and TV content in VOD catalogues in the EU27

B. Films in VOD catalogues in the EU27

C. TV content in VOD catalogues in the EU27

For each section, six subsections: 1. Size of catalogues 2. Number of unique content available in catalogues 3. Origin and circulation of content 4. Focus on services’ core business and ownership 5. Composition of catalogues by national and EU27 non-national content 6. Focus on the export of EU27 content in the EU27 on TVOD and SVOD Introduction

The aim of this report is to provide a second global insight into the composition of VOD catalogues in the 27 Member States of the European Union (hereafter EU27), the first since the United Kingdom left the European Union, looking at both film and TV content with 7 research questions addressed:

What is the average and median size of TVOD and SVOD catalogues, for film and TV content? What are the regions of origin of unique titles in VOD catalogues? What are the shares of films and TV content by region of origin in VOD catalogues? On average, what is the country and service circulation of unique titles by region of origin? Which players offer the largest number of film and TV content, and what are the shares of this content by region of origin? What is the share of national and EU27 non-national works in VOD catalogues? Which EU27 production countries are the main exporters of film and TV titles on VOD in the EU27?

For film data, 138 TVOD catalogues and 185 SVOD catalogues were analysed based on JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital and EUROVOD catalogue data. The data was collected in May 2020 and the titles were matched through databases with their countries of production.

For TV content, the analysis was based on JustWatch data from 160 Subscription Video-On-Demand (SVOD) catalogues in 20 EU countries and on 47 Transactional Video-On-Demand (TVOD) catalogues in 14 EU countries. The data was collected in May 2020 and the TV titles were matched through databases with their countries of production. Methodology A film is defined as a feature film, fiction film, documentary or other film content available in the “Film” / “Movie” section of the VOD catalogues part of the sample.

For the TV content section, all content classified under as “TV” on VOD services is considered.

The contents were analysed as unique and cumulated titles (for films), and as unique and cumulated seasons or episodes (for the TV content) available on VOD.

For the origin of a title, only the first country of production was considered. The production countries are based on data collected from the European Audiovisual Observatory’s LUMIERE database on admissions to films in Europe, IMDb and the Movie database.

4 regions of origin for a title are considered: ‘EU27’ titles have an EU27 country as first production country, ‘Other European’ (EUR OBS) titles have as a first production country a European country part of the European Audiovisual Observatory, ‘US’ titles from the United States of America and ‘Other region’/’Other international’ titles from all other countries.

The shares included in this report are only indicative and minor identification errors might have occurred.

Please quote this report as “Film and TV content in VOD catalogues – 2020 edition”, European Audiovisual Observatory.

If you wish to reproduce tables or graphs contained in this publication, please contact the European Audiovisual Observatory for prior approval.

Opinions expressed in this publication are personal and do not necessarily represent the view of the European Audiovisual Observatory, its members or the Council of Europe. A – MAIN FINDINGS – FILM & TV CONTENT

Main findings – Film and TV content

This section builds on the analysis of film + TV content put together, on TVOD and SVOD. The samples for film and TV content being partially different, these results should be taken as indicative. Average size of catalogues: the impact of choice of indicators on the results

On average, there were more film titles than TV seasons, mainly on TVOD (5 times more). Considering TV episodes, TV content offer was on average nine times bigger than film offer on SVOD, and 3 times bigger on TVOD.

Size of TVOD catalogues in average number of content Size of SVOD catalogues in average number of content

21 563

16 347 10 153

6 203

987 9 122

1 675 5 216 5 216 644 1 031 1 031 Film + TV seasons Film + TV episodes Film + TV seasons Film + TV episodes

Film TV Film TV

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Bigger offer of unique film titles than of unique TV seasons on VOD The offer of unique film titles was 7 times higher than the offer of unique TV seasons on TVOD, and 3 times higher on SVOD. Proportionally, TVOD was more film-oriented and SVOD was more series-oriented. The presence of more niche TVOD services than SVOD services, specialised in art-house films, also increased the number of unique film titles on TVOD.

Number of unique content titles by business model, in number

60 028

41 981

12 358 8 766

TVOD SVOD

Film titles TV seasons

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Origin by region of Films and TV seasons and of Films and TV episodes – all VOD On VOD (TVOD and SVOD), EU27 content represented 20% when films and TV seasons were counted, 16% if films and TV episodes were considered. EU27 films and TV seasons originated mainly in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Denmark, Sweden and Austria with 84% of all EU 27 TV seasons and films. Origin of Film and TV seasons or episodes found on VOD Origin of EU27 Film and TV seasons found on VOD

Other 16 EU27 countries 13 345 6% CZ 3 487 2% Film + TV seasons IE 4 400 2% 153 551 Film + TV seasons 15% 212 517 BE 6 121 3% 20% Film + TV episodes NL 6 755 3% Film + TV 508 931 episodes 16% AT 7 464 631 579 … 4% Film + TV FR 60 459 episodes Film + TV 28% 283 168 seasons SE 8 078 4% 9% 106 453 10% DK 7 947 4%

Film + TV episodes ES 15 185 7% 1 705 816 55% Film + TV seasons 578 576 55% IT 21 756 DE 57 520 10% 27%

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Origin by region of Films and TV seasons, of Films and TV episodes On TVOD, EU27 content represented 22% when films and TV seasons were counted, 21% if films and TV episodes were considered. On SVOD, the share of EU27 content was 17% when considering films and TV seasons but fell to 12% when counting films and TV episodes: European TV series are shorter in episodes than other origins series. After Brexit, British content moved under the Other European category, decreasing EU27 shares by 8% in average. On SVOD, content from regions other than Europe or the US were second in share and showed longer in episodes.

Origin of Film and TV seasons or episodes found on TVOD Origin of Film and TV seasons or episodes found on SVOD

Film + TV seasons Film + 84 734 Film + Film + TV seasons 11% TV seasons TV seasons 49 091 Film + 163 426 68 817 Film + 17% TV episodes 22% Film + 24% TV episodes 163 204 Film + 192 018 TV episodes Film + 11% TV episodes 12% 316 913 TV episodes 468 375 Film + 21% 144 187 28% TV seasons Film + 9% 28 934 TV episodes Film + 10% 138 981 TV seasons 10% 77 519 10% Film + TV episodes Film + 864 059 TV episodes 58% 841 757 Film + 51% TV seasons Film + 435 541 TV seasons 57% 143 035 49%

EU27 EUR OBS US Other intl. EU27 EUR OBS US Other intl.

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Country circulation of unique content by region and by business type (SVOD-TVOD)

EU27 content circulated in less countries than content from all other regions. EU 27 Films circulated more than TV content on TVOD, but less on SVOD.

Circulation on TVOD by number of countries Circulation on SVOD by number of countries

7,4 7,2 7,2 6,7 6,4

5,5 5,4

4,7 4,5 4,6

3,7

3,0 2,8 2,9 2,6 2,4

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

Film TV Film TV

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Tech and pure VOD players offer the largest amount of film and TV season

On TVOD, the bulk of film titles and TV seasons (70%) was found in catalogues of tech players. On SVOD, pure VOD players and tech players offered two thirds of all film titles and TV seasons. For both business models, over 70% of the works available are offered by tech and pure VOD players while service operated by incumbent TV and Telecom players made up 30% of the content offer on SVOD and 15% on TVOD.

TVOD – Films and TV seasons in catalogues SVOD – Films and TV seasons in catalogues Distributor Private Distributor 22 962 equity 8 160 3% 2 332 3% TV 1% TV 51 962 Telecom Pure VOD 35 047 7% 60 168 player 12% 8% 91 047 12% Pure VOD Telecom player 51 150 107 766 18% 37%

Tech 535 079 Tech 70% 85 422 29%

Number of Average number of film and Number of Average number of film and Core business TVOD catalogues TV seasons per catalogue Core business SVOD catalogues TV seasons per catalogue Distributor 15 2 038 Distributor 27 461 Pure VOD player 44 2 690 Pure VOD player 90 2 394 Tech 94 8 475 Tech 100 1 708 Telecom 19 5 574 Telecom 56 1 811 TV 13 7 637 TV 65 1 074 Private equity 7 602 Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Share of national and EU27 non-national Films and TV content in catalogues

EU27 non-national film and TV content represented the largest share of EU27 content, on both types of services but especially on SVOD where it represented close to three fourths of the EU27 content offer.

Share of EU non-national and national content on TVOD Share of EU non-national and national content on SVOD

Film + TV seasons 27% Film + TV seasons Film + TV 37% episodes 29% Film + TV Film + TV episodes episodes 46% 54% Film + TV Film + TV episodes seasons 71% 63% Film + TV seasons 73%

EU non-national National EU non-national National

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data EU27 non-national content exported on TVOD: French films and German TV seasons The most exported EU27 film titles on TVOD were French, while almost half of the exported TV content offer on TVOD was German. While EU-4 were the top exporting countries for films on TVOD, this was not true for TV content. Nordic content (SE, DK) also reached export success, notably for TV seasons.

Origin of EU27 non-national film titles on TVOD Origin of EU27 non-national TV seasons on TVOD

16 other EU countries CZ 11 other countries FI 8% BE 2% 4% IE 2% ES 3% 3% 3% BE 3% IE FR 4% AT 30% IT 4% 4% NL 4% DK 4% DE SE 46% 4% AT DK 6% 4%

ES SE 7% 8%

DE IT 22% 9% FR 16%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data EU27 non-national content exported on SVOD: from EU4, mainly French and German

On SVOD, the most exported titles, for both films and TV seasons, were French (around 25%). German, Spanish and Italian titles complete the top EU-4 export countries, both for films and TV seasons on SVOD, all four providing in both cases over two thirds of the offer on SVOD. Films and TV seasons from other origins included Nordic, Irish, Belgian and Dutch content.

Origin of EU non-national film titles on SVOD Origin of EU non-national TV seasons on SVOD

16 other EU AT 10 other countries countries FI PL 1% 3% 10% NL 2% PL 2% 3% BE 2% 3% CZ FR BE FR 3% 26% 4% 25% NL IE 3% 6%

DK 4% SE 6% AT 4% DK SE 6% 5% DE DE IT 19% 21% IT 7% 10% ES ES 11% 14%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data B – FILMS ON VOD

Films in VOD catalogues in the EU27 Overview of 138 TVOD catalogues and 185 SVOD catalogues B.1 – Size of film catalogues

TVOD services were more focused on films than SVOD services On average, a higher number of films and higher median films in catalogues for TVOD services, suggesting that TVOD services are selling recent and catalogue films in their vast catalogues while SVOD services propose a smaller, ever changing, selection of films and a broad repertoire of TV content.

Multi-country services had, for both business models, larger film catalogues Be it for TVOD or SVOD, multi-country services had a higher average and median number of films in their catalogues than national services. But national TVOD services had still a higher average and median number of films than SVOD services, multi-country or national.

Huge variances in sizes of catalogues reflect different approaches – curation versus large choice While multi-country TVOD services seemed to focus on offering a large choice to their customers, proposing recent and catalogues films, several national TVOD and SVOD services had more a logic of curation. Minimum Guarantee for TVOD services and license fees for SVOD services might also be an economical criteria in proposing a fewer number of films. The bulk of films available on both TVOD and SVOD are less than 10 years old in 2020 with over 50% films produced in or after 2010. Strong differences between TVOD and SVOD catalogues in the number of films

The median TVOD catalogue had more than 7 times as many films than the median SVOD catalogue. On average, TVOD catalogues had more than 5 times as many films than SVOD catalogues. TVOD services were more film-focused whereas SVOD services relied more heavily on TV content.

Average and Median size of film catalogues by business model, in number of films

5 216

3 724

1 031

502

Average number of films Median number of films

138 TVOD catalogues 185 SVOD catalogues

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Also strong differences between national and multi-country catalogues Be it on TVOD or SVOD, multi-country catalogues had a larger number of films than national services, with an average difference of 2 439 films for TVOD services and 359 films for SVOD services. TVOD catalogues, multi-country and national, showed a larger film offer than SVOD catalogues.

Size of TVOD film catalogues, in number of films Size of SVOD film catalogues, in number of films

5 640

1 080

3 779

3 201 721

549

1 978 414

Average number of films Median number of films Average number of films Median number of films

114 Multi-country TVOD catalogues 24 National TVOD catalogues 160 Multi-country SVOD catalogues 25 National SVOD catalogues

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data And huge disparities in the number of films for TVOD and SVOD services The maximum and minimum number of films show that multi-country TVOD (and some SVOD) services were more focused on a high amount of films than other service types. The disparities in the maximum and minimum number of films between the same types of services show however that some services might also have been more focused on curation of films or had an offer more focused on other types of content than films (TV content, niche content).

Maximum number of films in catalogue by business model Minimum number of films in catalogue by business model

20 309 26

12 744 11 372 14 13

3 576 5

Multi-country TVOD Multi-country SVOD National TVOD National SVOD Multi-country TVOD National TVOD National SVOD Multi-country SVOD

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data The bulk of films available on both TVOD and SVOD were less than 10 years old

More than 50% of all films available on SVOD were produced in 2013 or later and 63% were less than 10 years old in 2020. More than 50% of all films available on TVOD were produced in 2012 or later and 58% were less than 10 years old in 2020.

TVOD - Number of films by production year SVOD - Number of films by production year

60 000 25 000

50 000 20 000

40 000

15 000

30 000

10 000

20 000

5 000 10 000

1900 1911 1916 1921 1926 1931 1936 1941 1946 1951 1956 1961 1966 1971 1976 1981 1986 1991 1996 2001 2006 2011 2016

1897 1908 1915 1921 1927 1933 1939 1945 1951 1957 1963 1969 1975 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 2017

Source: JustWatch, Ampere, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data B.2 – Unique film titles available in VOD catalogues

On TVOD and SVOD combined, over 75 000 unique film titles were available EU27 unique film titles represented 36% of all unique film titles with 26 658 titles. US film titles were the most represented with 27 600 titles or 37% of overall unique titles. Other European titles made up 9%, with British titles making up 75% of all EUR OBS titles.

A larger choice of unique titles on TVOD With over 60 000 titles, TVOD services had a larger film title offer than SVOD services with 41 981 titles.

And also a larger offer of EU27 unique film titles on TVOD services With 38% of all unique titles being of EU27 origin, representing 22 648 unique film titles, TVOD services offered a larger choice than SVOD services’ 12 838 unique EU27 film titles or 31% of all film titles available on SVOD.

French, German, Italian and Spanish titles make up the bulk of EU titles, both on TVOD and SVOD With 28% of EU27 titles, French titles were the most found titles on TVOD, followed by German titles with 22%, Italian with 14% and Spanish with 8%. On SVOD, German titles represented 22% of all EU27 titles, French 18%, Italian 17% and Spanish 8%. The rest of the top production countries’ origin of EU27 titles, both on TVOD and SVOD, were Belgian, Danish, Austrian, Swedish, Dutch, Czech and Polish titles. The rest of 16 EU countries made up 6% of all titles on TVOD and 8% on SVOD with just over 1 000 titles on both types of services. The top 11 EU27 countries produced 94% of all unique EU27 titles on TVOD and 92% on SVOD. Total number of unique film titles available in VOD catalogues

75 035 unique films titles were available to customers on both types of services For EU27 films, French, German, Italian and Spanish titles represented 69% of all unique EU27 film titles.

Origin of unique film titles in VOD catalogues by region of origin Origin of unique EU27 film titles in VOD catalogues by country of origin

Other 16 EU countries 1 882 7% NL 787 3% Other regions CZ 794 3% 13 688 18% PL 826 3% FR 6 676 25% EU 27 26 658 SE 893 3% 36% AT 930 3% 75 035 unique film titles DK 944 4%

BE 1 230 5%

US 27 600 37% ES 2 276 8% EUR OBS DE 5 530 21% 7 089 9% IT 3 890 15%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data

3 512 film titles could not be identified and have been excluded from the analysis. They represent 4,5% of all collected film titles. A larger choice of unique titles on VOD TVOD services offered the highest number of total unique films titles, with over 60 000 titles available. On TVOD services, EU27 unique film titles represented 38% of all unique titles, on SVOD 31%. On both types of services, US titles represented just under 40% of all titles. Other European titles, with the integration of British titles, made up around 10% on both types of services

Origin of unique film titles in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique film titles in SVOD catalogues

Other regions 8 826 Other regions 15% 8 847 21% EU 27 EU 27 12 838 22 648 31% 38%

60 028 unique 41 981 unique film titles film titles

US 22 587 37% EUR OBS US 3 755 EUR OBS 16 541 9% 5 967 39% 10%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data

*On TVOD, 1 406 film titles have not been identified (2,2 % of all film titles), on SVOD the number of unidentified titles was 2 263 or 5,1 % of all titles. They have been excluded for the analysis. Differences in the origin of EU titles by business model

On TVOD, French titles are the most represented EU27 titles while on SVOD German titles took the lead. The podium was completed for both business models by Italian titles and followed by Spanish titles. Also, the top 11 production countries were the same for both type of services and all the other 16 EU27 countries accounted for less than 10% of titles available.

Origin of unique EU27 film titles in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique EU27 film titles in SVOD catalogues

Other 16 EU countries PL 311 1% 1 392 6% Other 16 EU countries 1 006 8% CZ 475 2% NL 671 3% BE 258 2% DK 349 3% SE 715 3% AT 425 3%

AT 871 4% DE 2 859 22% FR 6 213 28% NL 491 4%

DK 878 4% SE 585 4% BE 1 154 5% CZ 624 5%

ES 1 861 8% FR 2 262 18% PL 714 6% DE 4 914 22%

ES 1 053 8% IT 3 193 14%

IT 2 212 17%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data The importance of GB titles in other European film titles British titles represented for both types of services around ¾ of all other European titles available. Russian, Turkish, Swiss and Norwegian titles completed the Top 5 of other European titles. The shift of British titles from EU-28 to other European titles had also a significant impact on the share of EU27 titles for both types of services compared to previous reports on the share of EU films.

Origin of unique EUR OBS film titles in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique EUR OBS film titles in SVOD catalogues Other 6 EUR IS 69 1% OBS countries Other 7 EUR 60 1% OBS countries 78 2% NO 268 5% NO 189 TR 307 5% 5% CH 200 5% CH 325 5% TR 233 6%

RU 416 7% RU 279 8%

GB 2 776 74% GB 4 522 76%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data B.3 – Origin and circulation of films 21% of all films found in 138 TVOD and 185 SVOD catalogues were of EU27 origin Titles from other European countries made up 10% on TVOD and 8% on SVOD, mainly from the United Kingdom. US titles made up 58% of films on TVOD and 48% on SVOD. Films from other regions had a much larger share on SVOD with 23% than on TVOD with 11%. For both business models, national services offered more EU27 films than multi-country services In the 24 national TVOD catalogues, EU27 films represented 43% of all films, on national 25 SVOD services their share was 40%. Other European films for both types of national services made up 9% of the film offering, here again largely composed of films of the United Kingdom. US films represented 38% of all films on national TVOD services and 42% on national SVOD services. EU27 films on multi-country services made up 19% of all films in 114 TVOD catalogues and 160 SVOD catalogues Other European films accounted for 10% on TVOD and 8% on SVOD. US films accounted for the lion share with 60% on multi-country TVOD catalogues and 49% on SVOD. Films of other regions accounted for 11% on TVOD and 24% on SVOD.

On average, an EU27 film title was available in 2,8 countries on TVOD and in 2,6 countries on SVOD Other European film titles were available on average in 5,5 countries on TVOD and 3,7 countries on SVOD. This circulation compares to 7,4 countries for US titles on TVOD and 4,7 countries on SVOD. On services, the circulation of EU27 titles was 6,5 TVOD services on average and 3 SVOD services on average compared to 17,3 TVOD services and 5,5 SVOD services for US titles. The circulation on SVOD services is also limited by the necessity to acquire rights for each country which is not the case for TVOD services. 21% of all films in VOD catalogues (TVOD and SVOD) were of EU27 origin

In total, over 901 640 films were available in the 323 VOD catalogues (TVOD and SVOD) of the sample. EU27 films represented 21% of all films available, while other European films accounted for 10%. The biggest EU27 production countries were France with 29% of all EU27 films, followed by Germany with 25%, Italy with 11% and Spain 7%. These 4 countries accounted for 72% of all EU27 available in the 323 VOD catalogues. US films with 55% accounted for the lion share of films available in VOD catalogues.

Origin of films in 323 VOD catalogues Origin of EU27 films in 323 VOD catalogues by country of origin

Other regions Other 16 EU countries 12 510 7% 123 481 EU 27 14% CZ 3 330 2% 190 442 IE 3 710 2% 21% BE 5 526 3% NL 6 281 3%

AT 6 779 3%

FR 55 937 29%

SE 7 099 4% 901 640 films EUR OBS DK 7 113 4% 87 395 10% ES 13 273 7%

IT 20 736 11% DE 48 148 25%

US 500 322 55%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data

On TVOD, 4 996 films have not been identified (0,7% of all films), on SVOD the number of unidentified films was 3 910 or 2,1% of all films. They have been excluded for the analysis. 21% of all films on TVOD and SVOD are of EU27 origin In terms of availability, EU27 films represented 21% in all TVOD catalogues and 21% in SVOD catalogues Other European films represented 10% of all films on TVOD and 8% on SVOD services US films had a higher share in TVOD catalogues with 58% of all films and 48% in SVOD catalogues Films of other regions were better represented in SVOD catalogues with 23% compared to 11% in TVOD catalogues, showing the increased reliance of SVOD services on productions from around the world to complete their catalogues.

Origin of films in 138 TVOD catalogues Origin of films in 185 SVOD catalogues

Other regions 81 048 EU 27 11% EU 27 38 220 Other regions 152 222 21% 21% 42 433 23%

EUR OBS 714 847 films 186 793 films 15 795 EUR OBS 8% 71 600 10%

US 409 977 58% US 90 345 48%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data

On TVOD, 4 996 films have not been identified (0,7% of all films), on SVOD the number of unidentified films was 3 910 or 2,1% of all films. They have been excluded for the analysis. The difference between the share of EU27 and the share of all European films is significant The share of European films varies strongly depending on which countries qualify as “European films”. If only EU27 countries are considered the share of European films was 21% for TVOD and SVOD. If other European countries are taken into consideration, the share is 31% for TVOD and 29% for SVOD. Compared to the pro forma share of EU28 films, the share of EU27 films is decreased by 8% for TVOD and 6% for SVOD.

Origin of films in 138 TVOD catalogues Origin of films in 185 SVOD catalogues

EU 27+EUR OBS 31% EU 27+EUR OBS 29%

EU 28 pro forma (GB films included) 29% EU 28 pro forma (GB films included) 27%

EU 27 (without GB films) 21% EU 27 (without GB films) 21%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data National services had a high share of EU27 films National services, TVOD and SVOD, relied more on EU27 films to cater to national audiences than multi- country services. National TVOD and SVOD services complemented their film offering with films from other European countries and other regions. The reliance on US films was also lesser for national services than multi-country services.

Origin of films in 24 national TVOD catalogues Origin of films in 25 national SVOD catalogues

Other regions 7 494 Other regions 10% 1 493 9%

EU 27 EU 27 6 692 32 771 40% 43% 76 699 films 16 712 films

US 29 370 US 38% 7 093 42%

EUR OBS EUR OBS 7 064 1 434 9% 9%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data While multi-country services rely more on US films and less on EU27 films Multi-country TVOD services relied more on US films than SVOD services, with a share of 60% for TVOD and 49% for SVOD. EU27 films represented 19% of all films on multi-country TVOD and SVOD services. SVOD catalogues had a relatively high share of films of other regions with 24%, compared to TVOD’s 11%.

Origin of films in 114 multi-country TVOD catalogues Origin of films in 160 multi-country SVOD catalogues

Other regions 73 554 EU 27 11% EU 27 31 528 119 451 Other regions 19% 19% 40 940 24%

EUR OBS 638 148 films 64 536 170 081 films EUR OBS 10% 14 361 8%

US 380 607 60% US 83 252 49%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Lower percentages of EU27 films is explained by a lesser title circulation in countries The lower share of EU films in total compared to their share of unique films (21% of all films on TVOD compared to 38% of all titles; 21% of all films on SVOD compared to 31% of all titles) is explained by their lower circulation in countries, with an average of 2,8 countries on TVOD and 2,6 on SVOD. US and films of other regions travelled the best, crossing borders more easily than EU27 films.

TVOD – Average circulation of titles in countries by region of origin SVOD – Average circulation of titles in countries by region of origin 7,4 4,7 4,6

3,7 5,5 5,4

2,6 2,8

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

All VOD services –Average circulation of titles in countries by region of origin

7,5 5,7 5,8

3,1

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data And on services, EU27 titles tend to circulate less than titles of other regions On average, EU films were present in 6,5 TVOD catalogues and 3 SVOD catalogues, less than films of all other regions. US films circulated the best also on services, followed by other European films and films of other regions for all VOD services. TVOD – Average circulation of titles on services by region of origin SVOD –Average circulation of titles on services by region of origin 17,3 5,5 4,8 11,6 4,2

9,0 3,0 6,5

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions All VOD services – Average circulation of titles on services by region of origin 17,5

8,9 6,9

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data EU27 EUROBS US Other regions B.4 – Focus on services’ core business and ownership

Services owned by tech had the highest number of films in their catalogues, followed by pure VOD players 70% of all films found on TVOD were on services owned by tech companies (Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon) and 35% of all films found on SVOD were on services owned by tech players (Amazon, Apple). 30% of all films were found on SVOD services owned by pure VOD players (Netflix, MUBI, Filmin, FilmoTV) and 13% on TVOD (FilmDoo, Chili, Flimmit).

The origin of films in catalogues varies by the core business of service owner On TVOD and SVOD, services owned by film distributors and TV players had the largest share of EU27 films in their catalogues, while the lowest share was found in the catalogues of tech players. Services owned by tech, telecom and private equity players had the highest share of US films. On SVOD, tech and pure VOD players had also the highest share of films of other regions.

Services owned by EU players had the highest share of EU films while services owned by global players offered the largest number of films EU owned catalogues had on average a 34% share (TVOD) and a 37% share (SVOD) of EU27 films, while global services had a 17% share (TVOD) and a 16% share (SVOD) of EU27 films. With almost 3 times more films on TVOD and 4 times more films on SVOD, global players had a larger film offering than catalogues owned by EU players. Therefore, in absolute numbers, more EU27 films were available on services owned by global players than on EU27 players. Services owned by tech players had the highest number of films in their catalogues

Tech and pure VOD players such as Netflix had the highest number of films in their catalogues.

TVOD – Number of films by core business of service owner SVOD – Number of films by core business of service owner

TV 43 013 6% Distributor 22 463 3% Private equity 2 108 Distributor 7 581 4% 1% Pure VOD player 89 066 Telecom 57 140 8% 13% TV 23 125 13%

Pure VOD player 56 278 30% Telecom 32 429 17%

Tech 503 165 70% Tech 65 272 35%

Number of TVOD Average number of Number of SVOD Average number of Core business catalogues films/catalogue catalogues films/catalogue Distributor 12 1 872 22 345 Pure VOD player 37 2 407 47 1 197 Tech 71 7 087 50 1 305 Telecom 11 5 195 29 1 118 Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, TV 7 6 145 33 701 Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Private equity 4 527 Sharp differences in the composition of catalogues by core business of service owners Services owned by film distributors, TV and telecom players had the highest share of EU27 films. Tech and private equity players offered the smallest share of EU27 films. The highest share of US films were found on SVOD services operated by telecom and private equity players on SVOD and tech players on TVOD.

TVOD – Share of films by core business of service owner SVOD – Share of films by core business of service owner

7% 8% 7% 11% 14% 11% 10% 10% 23% 27% 33%

33% 19% 48% 47% 57% 46% 62% 64% 62% 12% 10% 46% 44% 9% 10% 11% 9% 9% 46% 46% 8% 10% 8% 16% 31% 33% 30% 26% 19% 23% 17% 15% 13%

Distributor Pure VOD player Tech Telecom TV Distributor Pure VOD Tech Telecom TV Private equity player EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Higher share of EU27 films for EU27 owned services…

The share of EU27 films in the catalogues of EU27 owned services was higher, with 34% on TVOD and 37% on SVOD while global services had a share of EU27 films of 17% on TVOD and 16% on SVOD.

TVOD – Share of films by origin of service owner SVOD – Share of films by origin of service owner

10% 12% 11% 26%

47% 41% 61% 50% 11% 9%

10% 8% 34% 37% 17% 16%

EU services Global services EU services Global services

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

Number of TVOD Average number of Number of SVOD Average number of Origin of service owner Source: catalogues films/catalogue catalogues films/catalogue JustWatch, Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EU 37 4 960 51 730 EUROVOD Global 101 5 261 134 1 116 catalogue data But the total offer of EU27 films was higher for global services

From an absolute numbers point of view, global services offered more films and thus also more EU27 films than EU owned services.

TVOD – Number of films by origin of service owner SVOD – Number of films by origin of service owner

531 343 films

63 188 149 545 films

38 170

324 134

183 504 films 75 193

17 860 37 248 films 85 843 54 631 4 263 11 857 16 969 15 152 3 938 89 390 24 325 62 832 13 895

EU services Global services EU services Global services

EU27 EUROBS US Other regions EU27 EUROBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data B.5– Composition of catalogues by national and EU27 non-national films

On TVOD, 36% of all EU27 films were of national origin, 27% on SVOD EU27 non-national films were the main source of EU films for both types of services. The share of national films was of course higher in the catalogues of larger film producing countries of the EU27.

Both on TVOD and SVOD, national services had a much higher share of national films than multi-country services, which relied more on EU27 non-national films for their EU27 film offering With a share of 58% of national films of EU27 films on TVOD and 53% on SVOD, national services had a higher share of national film offering. For multi-country services, national films represented 30% of all EU27 films on TVOD and 22% on SVOD. This shows that national services, for TVOD and SVOD, tended to cater to national tastes in their film offering for EU27 film content. What was the split between national and EU27 non-national films?

On TVOD, national films had a higher share than EU27 non-national films compared to SVOD. For both business models, EU27 non-national films represented the main source for EU27 films with 64% of all EU27 films on TVOD and 73% on SVOD.

TVOD - Split of national and EU27 non-national films SVOD - Split of national and EU27 non-national films

National 10 461 National 27% 54 690 36%

152 222 EU films 38 220 EU films

EU 27 non- national 97 532 EU 27 non- 64% national 27 759 73%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Differences between multi-country and national catalogues

On TVOD, national services had a higher share than multi-country services of national films in their EU27 film offering. On the other hand, multi-country services offered more EU films and thus also more national films. National films represent the main EU27 film offering for national TVOD services.

TVOD multi-country services TVOD national services - Split of national and EU27 non-national films - Split of national and EU27 non-national films

National 35 569 30%

EU 27 non- national National 119 451 EU films 13 650 31 528 EU films 19 121 42% 58%

EU 27 non- national 83 882 70%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data What is the split between national and EU27 non-national films?

On SVOD, national services relied also more on national films for their EU27 film offering with a 53% share of national films. As on TVOD, multi-country services offered more EU films and thus also more national films. EU27 non-national accounted for more than ¾ of the EU27 film offering for multi-country services.

SVOD multi-country services – SVOD national services – Split of national and EU27 non-national films Split of national and EU27 non-national films

National 6 934 22%

National EU 27 non- 3 527 6 692 EU films 53% 31 528 EU films national 3 165 47%

EU 27 non- national 24 594 78%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data B.6– Focus on the export of EU27 films in the EU27, on TVOD and SVOD

Only EU27 non-national films were considered

French films were the most exported films on TVOD and SVOD, making respectively up 30% and 26% of all exported EU27 films German films ranked second with 22% of all exported films on TVOD and 19% on SVOD. Italian films were the third most exported EU27 films on TVOD while Spanish films ranked third on SVOD. EU-4 (France, Germany, Italy and Spain) films represented 68% of all EU27 film exports on TVOD and 66% on SVOD. Spanish film titles circulated the best among these EU-4 titles with on average 4,1 export countries on TVOD and 5,2 on SVOD.

French films were the most exported EU27 films on national and multi-country services, on TVOD and on SVOD With 31% and 33% of all exported EU27 films in national TVOD and SVOD catalogues, French films were the first source of imported films on national services. They were also the first source of EU27 non-national films on multi-country services, with 30% on TVOD and 25% on SVOD.

Films from EU27 smaller film producing countries represented a much smaller share of EU27 film exports but when these titles countries managed to get exported, they circulated better on average than titles from larger producing countries As a rule of thumb, the lower the volume of titles, the better the average country circulation.

For other European films, British films made up the bulk of films with 81% of all EUR OBS films on TVOD and 75% on SVOD Which EU27 countries exported the most films on TVOD? French films dominated the export of EU27 films on TVOD services with 30% followed by the other 3 biggest film producing countries in EU27. Nordic countries, Dutch, Austrian, Belgian and Irish films completed the top 10 export countries for EU27 films while remaining 14 EU27 countries exported less than 5% of all EU27 films. TVOD – Number of EU films exported outside of their national market by country of origin DK 4 244 4% SE 4 173 4%

NL 3 681 4%

AT 3 639 4% ES 7 015 7% BE 3 275 3% GR 356 LT 190 0% 0% EE 247 0% IE 2 525 3% LU 392 0% SK 183 0% IT 9 017 9% FI 1 438 1% HR 170 0% CZ 1 436 1% PT 412 0% PL 1 409 1% LV 153 0%

Other 14 EU countries 4 644 5% SI 105 0% CY 48 0% BG 698 1% MT 39 0% DE 21 422 22% RO 938 1%

FR 29 614 30% HU 713 1%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data National and multi-country TVOD services had similar share of EU27 non-national films by country of origin

For EU27 films, the percentages of exports were comparable for national and multi-country catalogues. French, German, Spanish and Italian films represented 68% of all EU27 films exports for multi-country services and 71% for national services.

Export of EU films in 114 multi-country TVOD catalogues Export of EU films in 24 national TVOD catalogues

FI 1 250 2% PL 1 202 Other 14 EU countries 3 RO 149 1% Other 14 EU countries 823 5% 782 6% 1% FI 188 1% CZ 1 326 2% PL 207 1% IE 2 161 3% AT 342 2% BE 2 687 3% IE 364 3% NL 374 3% AT 3 297 4%

SE 521 4% NL 3 307 4% FR 25 376 30% FR 4 238 31%

DK 527 4% SE 3 652 4% BE 588 4%

DK 3 717 4% ES 1 172 9% ES 5 843 7% DE 19 154 23% DE 2 268 17%

IT 7 087 IT 1 930 14% 8%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Which other European countries exported the most films on TVOD? British films dominated the export of other European films on TVOD services with 81% of all EUR OBS films available on TVOD services. Films from Russia, Norway, Turkey, Switzerland and Island accounted for 18%. The other 1% of films from other European countries were provided by Georgia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania, Armenia, Macedonia and Liechtenstein.

TVOD – Number of EUR OBS by country of origin

IS 773 1% Other 6 EUR OBS CH 2 437 3% countries 535 1%

TR 2 994 NO 4% 3 210 4%

RU 3 992 6%

GB 57 659 81%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data And how many unique film titles were exported and present on average in countries? Countries with a lower number of films exports had a better country circulation – a low number of titles enhanced circulation. Spanish titles were the best circulating titles from EU-4 when they were exported, followed by French, Italian and German titles. Titles from smaller film producing like Bulgaria, Lithuania or Romania also had a high country circulation for a smaller number of titles. TVOD – Number of unique EU film titles exported outside of their country of origin and average non-national country presence 9,0

8,0 LT 16 7,8

7,0 BG 46 6,8 MT 4 6,5

6,0 LV 18 6,0 RO 103 5,7 EE 22 5,5 DK 450 4,0 5,0 IE 257 3,9 SI 16 4,1 PL 197 3,8 HR 24 4,3 ES 705 4,1 CY 6 4,2 4,0 CZ 302 3,5 FI 181 3,6 NL 615 3,2 FR 4 109 3,3 3,0 AT 735 3,0 PT 91 2,9 IT 1 512 2,8 SK 50 2,6 LU 112 2,2 SE 581 3,3 BE 383 4,0 2,0 DE 4 397 2,1 HU 98 3,3 GR 57 3,8

1,0

0,0 - 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000 3 500 4 000 4 500 5 000 Read the matrix as: 4 109 French titles were exported with an average country presence in 3,3 countries. Top 20 EU film titles exported on TVOD services 6 French, 5 Spanish and 3 Italian titles were among the most popular on TVOD services in 2020. The top list is completed by 2 German titles, 2 Irish and respectively 1 Bulgarian and 1 Danish title. 14 titles were co-productions of which 7 with the United States and 7 between at least 2 EU27 countries. The median production year was 2016 and 3 titles were less than 1 year old - 13 titles were produced in the past 5 years in 2020 and 7 titles were produced before 2015 (catalogue films).

Top 20 EU27 exported film titles in 138 TVOD catalogues Original title Year of production Production country Export EU services Export EU countries The Grinch 2018 FR,JP,US 82 19 Wonder Park 2019 ES,US 80 19 Call Me by Your Name 2017 IT,FR,BR,US 76 19 Lucy 2014 FR 74 18 Cold Blood Legacy 2019 FR,UA,BE 74 19 Hitman 2007 FR,US 73 18 Tadeo Jones 2: El secreto del Rey Midas 2017 ES 73 19 C'era una volta il West 1969 IT,US 71 19 55 Steps 2017 DE,BE 70 19 In the Name of the Father 1993 IE,GB,US 69 19 Conor McGregor: Notorious 2017 IE 69 18 Transporter 2 2005 FR 67 19 Atrapa la bandera 2015 ES 67 19 Grave 2016 FR,BE 67 17 Sniper: Legacy 2014 BG 64 19 Dolor y gloria 2019 ES,FR 64 15 The Leisure Seeker 2017 IT,FR 64 19 Gernika 2016 ES,US 63 18 Love Steaks 2013 DE 63 27 Under sandet 2015 DK,DE 62 19

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Which EU countries exported the most on SVOD? As it was the case for TVOD, France was also the top film exporter on SVOD with 26% of all EU27 film exports while EU-4 made up 66% of all exported EU27 films. The proportion of the bottom 14 export countries was also comparable, at 6% of all EU27 film exports.

SVOD – Number of EU films exported outside of their national market by country of origin

SE 1 388 5% AT 1 226 4%

DK 1 097 4% NL 952 3% CZ 739 3% GR 94 0% BE 732 3% LV 150 1% IT 2 759 10% SK 105 0% PL 592 2% BG 156 1% EE 64 0% IE 571 2% RO 361 1% LU 63 0% HR 165 1% ES 3 053 11% Other 14 EU countries 1 781 6% SI 63 0% LT 36 0%

PT 269 1% CY 17 0% MT 6 0% FI 319 1% DE 5 238 19%

FR 7 270 26% HU 274 1%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Comparable proportions of films on SVOD as on TVOD for multi-country and national services

For multi-country catalogues French, German, Spanish and Italian films represented 67% of all exported EU27 films. For national catalogues, due to the high number of German SVOD catalogues, Austrian films were surprisingly ranked at the second spot of exports with 11%, preceded by French films with 33%.

Export of EU films in 160 multi-country SVOD catalogues Export of EU films in 25 national SVOD catalogues

RO 327 1% Other 14 EU countries 1 503 6% IE 494 2% FI 62 2% CZ 514 2% PL 71 2% Other 14 EU PL 521 2% IE 77 2% countries BE 652 3% BE 80 3% 250 8%

NL 862 4% SE 81 3% FR 6 226 25% NL 90 3% FR 1 044 33%

AT 878 4%

DK 956 4% DK 141 4%

SE 1 307 5% ES 184 6% DE 4 963 20%

IT 2 522 10% CZ 225 7% AT 348 11%

IT 237 7% ES 2 869 12% DE 275 9%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data Which other European countries exported the most on SVOD?

Comparable to TVOD, British films made up the lion share of other European films with 75% on SVOD. Other European countries made up a comparable share of films, with Turkey, Russia, Switzerland, Norway and Island making up 24% of other European films on SVOD. 6 other European countries represented 1% of all EUR OBS films on SVOD.

SVOD – Number of EUR OBS films by country of origin

IS 108 1% Other 6 EUR OBS NO 665 4% countries 134 1%

CH 832 5%

RU 973 6%

TR 1 296 8%

GB 11 787 75%

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data And how many unique film titles are exported and present on average in countries? Of EU-4 countries, Spanish titles circulated the best, even with a lower number of titles, followed by French titles. Titles from smaller film producing like Croatia, Bulgaria, Latvia, Hungary also had a high country circulation for a smaller number of titles. Heavy exporters such as France and Germany had a lower circulation than many other countries but with much more titles exported.

SVOD – Number of unique EU film titles exported outside of their country of origin and average non-national country presence 7,0

6,0 HR 27 5,8

ES 543 5,2 5,0 LV 28 4,8

BG 32 4,3 PT 62 4,2 4,0 EE 16 3,4 SI 14 3,8 IE 157 3,2 PL 160 3,5 CY 3 3,3 BE 196 3,3 DK 320 2,9 LU 19 3,1 FR 2 070 3,1 3,0 RO 109 3,0 NL 303 2,9 GR 30 2,8 FI 103 2,7 IT 937 2,7 AT 425 2,5 HU 102 2,4 MT 3 2,0 SE 553 2,2 2,0 DE 2 257 2,0 Source: LT 18 1,9 JustWatch, SK 55 1,7 CZ 374 1,6 Filmtoro, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD 1,0 catalogue data

0,0 - 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 Read the matrix as: 2 070 French titles were exported with an average country presence in 3,1 countries Top 20 EU27 film titles exported on SVOD services French titles represented 11 titles in the top 20 list, followed by 2 Belgian titles and 7 titles from other EU27 country (Germany, Slovenia, Italia, Spain, Poland, Bulgaria, Denmark). 14 titles were co-productions of which 7 with the United States and 7 between at least 2 EU27 countries. The median production year was 2014 and 4 titles were produced in or after 2018 - 8 titles were produced in the past 5 years and 12 titles were produced before 2015 (catalogue films).

Top 20 EU exported film titles in 185 SVOD catalogues Original title Year of production Production countryExport EU services Export EU countries Lucy 2014 FR 31 18 Taken 3 2014 FR 28 15 Enemy at the Gates 2001 DE,US,GB,IE 26 16 Astérix: Le secret de la potion magique 2018 FR,BE 23 18 Barbarella 1968 FR,IT 23 15 Robin Hood: Men in Tights 1993 FR,US 22 16 Houston, We Have a Problem 2016 SI,HR,DE,CZ,QA 22 18 Iris 2016 FR,BE 22 16 Colombiana 2011 FR,US 22 14 Once Upon a Time in America 1984 IT,US 22 19 Anacleto: Agente secreto 2015 ES 22 18 Astérix : Le domaine des dieux 2014 FR,BE 21 11 The Queen's Corgi 2019 BE,US 21 15 Sammy's avonturen: De geheime doorgang 2010 BE,US 21 14 Zycie za zycie. Maksymilian Kolbe 1991 PL,DE 20 18 Intouchables 2011 FR 20 11 Day of the Dead: Bloodline 2018 BG,US 20 17 Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu - Day of the Departed 2016 DK,CN 20 19 Superstar 2012 FR 20 19 Jonas 2018 FR 20 19

Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, EUROVOD catalogue data C – TV CONTENT ON VOD

TV content in VOD catalogues in the EU27 Overview of 47 TVOD catalogues and 160 SVOD catalogues C.1 – Size of TV content catalogues

TV content in this section was analysed in number of cumulated TV seasons. Some indicators are also shown in number of cumulated TV episodes.

TVOD catalogues were bigger than SVOD catalogues in average number of seasons, while SVOD catalogues were bigger in median number of seasons On average, TVOD catalogues were bigger in number of TV seasons than SVOD catalogues. The median SVOD catalogue was bigger than the median TVOD catalogue, because more SVOD services counted a bigger TV content volume, as it is their core business.

Multi-country TVOD services were the biggest in average number of seasons Multi-country TVOD services had almost twice the average size of multi-country SVOD services. Multi-country VOD catalogues showed a larger average number of seasons than national VOD services

Huge disparities in absolute numbers of TV seasons for TVOD and SVOD services Multi-country services (both TVOD and SVOD) had a much higher amount of TV seasons than national services, which seems to be a matter of scale. SVOD services showed to be more focused on TV content and TVOD services, on films.

The bulk of TV series first seasons available on SVOD were less than 5 years old 59% of all TV series first seasons available on SVOD were produced in 2016 or later and 82% were less than 10 years old in 2020. TV series first seasons on TVOD were older, with just 28% of all first seasons available on TVOD being produced in 2016 or later and 63% being less than 10 years old in 2020. Strong differences between TVOD and SVOD services in the number of TV seasons

On average, TVOD catalogues had 53% more TV seasons than SVOD catalogues. The median SVOD catalogue, though, was 66% bigger than the median TVOD catalogue, because TV content being their core business, more services counted a significant volume of seasons. While 7 TVOD services counted 3 000 or more seasons, only 2 SVOD services counted around 3 000.

Average and Median size of TV seasons catalogues by business model, in number of seasons

987

644

467

282

Average number of TV seasons Median number of TV seasons

47 TVOD catalogues 160 SVOD catalogues

Source: JustWatch data Also, strong differences between national and multi-country services

Multi-country catalogues showed a larger average number of seasons than national services, with an average difference of 880 TV seasons for TVOD and 433 for SVOD services. Multi-country TVOD services had almost twice the average size of multi-country SVOD services.

Average and median size of TVOD catalogues, in number of seasons Average and median size of SVOD catalogues, in number of seasons

1 249

688

480 369 296 276 255 186

Average number of TV seasons Median number of TV seasons Average number of TV seasons Median number of TV seasons

33 Multi-country TVOD catalogues 14 National TVOD catalogues 144 Multi-country SVOD catalogues 16 National SVOD catalogues

Source: JustWatch data Huge disparities in absolute numbers of TV seasons for TVOD and SVOD services

Multi-country services (both TVOD and SVOD) had a much higher amount of TV seasons than national services, which seemed to be a matter of scale. 77% of TVOD catalogues and 81% of SVOD catalogues offered less than 1 000 TV seasons. SVOD services seemed to be more focused on TV content and TVOD services, on films.

Maximum number of seasons in catalogue by business model Minimum number of seasons in catalogue by business model

6 214

3 481

17 13 1 168 894

Multi-country SVOD Multi-country TVOD National SVOD National TVOD Multi-country SVOD National SVOD Multi-country TVOD National TVOD

Source: JustWatch data The bulk of TV series first seasons available on SVOD were less than 5 years old

59% of all TV series first seasons available on SVOD were produced in 2016 or later and 82% were less than 10 years old in 2020. TV series first seasons on TVOD were older, with just 28% of all first seasons available on TVOD being produced in 2016 or later and 63% being less than 10 years old in 2020.

TVOD - Number of TV series first seasons by production year SVOD - Number of TV series first seasons by production year

3000 10000

9000 2500 8000

7000 2000 6000

1500 5000

4000 1000 3000

2000 500 1000

0 0

1899 1947 1951 1955 1959 1963 1967 1971 1975 1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019

1899 1940 1950 1954 1958 1962 1966 1970 1974 1978 1982 1986 1990 1994 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018

Source: JustWatch data C.2 – Unique TV contents available in VOD catalogues

TV content in this section was analysed in number of unique TV seasons.

Over 21 000 unique TV seasons were available in VOD catalogues, 23% from EU27 23% of all (21 124) unique seasons were of EU27 origin and 37% of US origin. EU4: German (39%), French, Spanish and Italian TV seasons represented 75% of all unique EU27 seasons. Other European seasons, with the integration of British content, represented 19% of all available.

A larger choice of unique seasons on SVOD, more EU27 content on TVOD With over 12 000 unique TV seasons available, SVOD services offered more unique TV seasons than TVOD. On TVOD services, EU27 content represented one third of TV seasons (32%). On SVOD services, seasons from outside the US or Europe represented 28%, more than European seasons. Other European seasons, with the integration of British content, reached 23% on SVOD and 14% on TVOD.

Differences in origin of EU27 content by business model: more equilibrated on SVOD, dominated by German content On TVOD, German seasons represented half of EU27 total, and German TV seasons also came first on SVOD. Germany, France and Spain alone provide the bulk (85%) of EU27 content on TVOD. DE, ES, NL, FR, IT and BE provided the majority of TV seasons on SVOD (76%) .

Dominance of British content in Other European TV seasons GB content represented for both types of services over 90% of all Other European TV seasons available. The shift of British TV content from EU28 to Other European, had a significant impact on the share of EU27 TV seasons for both types of services. Over 21 000 unique TV seasons available in VOD catalogues, 23% from EU27 21 124 unique TV seasons were available to customers on both types of VOD services. 23% of all unique seasons were of EU27 origin and 37% of US origin. EU4: German (39%), French, Spanish and Italian seasons represented 75% of all unique EU27 seasons. Other European seasons, with the integration of British content, represented 19% of all available.

Origin of unique TV seasons in VOD catalogues by region of origin Origin of unique EU27 seasons in VOD catalogues by country of origin 13 Other countries 242 5% FI 111 2% Other intl. EU27 DK 122 2% 4 390 4 874 AT 142 3% 21% 23% SE 180 4% DE 1 890 39%

BE 208 4%

NL 226 5% 21 124 unique TV seasons IT 249 5%

EUR OBS US ES 580 12% 7 785 4 075 37% 19%

FR 924 19% Source: JustWatch data A larger choice of unique seasons on SVOD, more EU27 content on TVOD

With over 12 000 seasons available, SVOD services offer the highest number of unique TV seasons. On TVOD services, EU27 content represented one third of TV seasons (32%). On SVOD services, Other international seasons represented 28% of total, above any European origin. Non-EU27 European seasons, with the integration of British content, made 23% on SVOD and 14% on TVOD.

Origin of unique TV seasons in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique TV seasons in SVOD catalogues

Other intl. 969 EU27 Other intl. 11% 2 090 3 421 17% EU27 28% 2 784 32%

8 766 unique 12 358 unique TV seasons TV seasons

EUR OBS 2 834 23% US 3 772 43% EUR OBS 1 241 US 14% 4 013 32%

Source: JustWatch data Origin of EU27 content by business model: more equilibrated on SVOD, German TVOD On TVOD, German seasons represented half of EU27 total, due to numerous seasons per TV title. (*) On SVOD, German TV seasons come first, while there are more Dutch than French or Italian seasons. Germany, France and Spain alone provide the bulk (85%) of EU27 content on TVOD. DE, ES, NL, FR, IT and BE provide the majority (76%) of TV seasons on SVOD.

Origin of unique EU27 TV seasons in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique EU27 TV seasons in SVOD catalogues

8 Other DK 39 1% 14 Other countries IE 44 2% countries 77 4% SE 59 2% 126 5% PL 61 3% IT 63 2% DK 83 4% AT 129 5%

FI 99 5% DE 531 25%

ES 287 10% SE 121 6% DE 1 359 49%

BE 179 8%

ES 293 14%

FR 722 26% IT 186 9%

FR 202 10% NL 214 10%

(*) Also partly due to the weight of German and Austrian services in the sample. Source: JustWatch data The dominance of British content in Other European TV seasons GB content represented over 90% of all Other European TV seasons available ON TVOD and on SVOD. Turkish, Russian, Norwegian and Swiss titles completed the Top 5 of Other European content. The shift of British TV content from EU-28 to EUR OBS had a significant impact on the share of EU27 TV seasons for both types of services.

Origin of unique EUR OBS TV seasons in TVOD catalogues Origin of unique EUR OBS TV seasons in SVOD catalogues

NO 36 1% IS 11 1% RU 13 1% TR 12 1% CH 7 1% CH 4 0% IS 4 0% RU 60 2% AL 1 0% NO 20 2% TR 133 5% YU 1 0%

GB 1 185 95% GB 2 588 91%

Source: JustWatch data C.3 – Origin and circulation of cumulated TV content

TV content was analysed here in cumulated number of seasons, with some indicators in cumulated number of episodes.

ORIGIN

24% of cumulated TV seasons on TVOD are of EU27 origin, but only 10,5% on SVOD On SVOD services, EU27 content decreased from 17% unique seasons to 10% cumulated seasons. US TV seasons, over half of all cumulated content in VOD, multiplied by 13 times in SVOD and by 7 times on TVOD their unique presence. There was more TV content from outside the US or Europe (26%) than European (23%) in SVOD catalogues.

US TV content counted more seasons, while Other international counted more episodes Episodes from outside the US or Europe represent almost one third of all TV episodes in SVOD catalogues (29%), and were mostly composed of Japanese, Canadian and Korean animation and drama.

The difference between the share of EU27 and of all European TV seasons was significant on SVOD If other European countries (incl. UK) are considered, the European share is 37% for TVOD and 23% for SVOD.

National VOD services presented the highest shares of EU27 TV seasons National TVOD services complemented their offering with other European content, while national SVOD catalogues relied more on other international content.

Multi-country VOD services relied more heavily on US seasons, but offered more European content in volume EU27 TV seasons represented 22% on multi-country TVOD services but just 10% on SVOD services. C.3 – Origin and circulation of cumulated TV content

TV content was analysed here in cumulated number of seasons, with some indicators in cumulated number of episodes

CIRCULATION

EU27 TV seasons circulated in a smaller number of countries than other origins 32% of EU27 unique TV seasons represented only 24% of all cumulated content on TVOD, while on SVOD, 17% of EU27 unique TV content represented just 10% of cumulated. This is explained by the lower circulation of EU27 content than other origins, with an average of 2,4 countries on TVOD and 3 on SVOD. US and other regions TV seasons travelled best, crossing borders more easily than European content.

And on catalogues, EU27 TV content tended to circulate less than seasons from other regions On average, EU27 TV seasons were present in 5 different TVOD catalogues and in 3 SVOD catalogues. On TVOD, other European seasons (including GB) were found on an average 7,8 catalogues. While on SVOD, other international TV seasons circulated on an average 6,5 catalogues. US TV content circulated the best also in average number of catalogues, more importantly on TVOD (with 13,1 services). Around 150 000 cumulated TV seasons available in VOD catalogues, 15% from EU27 149 457 cumulated TV seasons were available to EU customers on 207 catalogues (TVOD and SVOD). 15% of all unique seasons were of EU27 origin compared to more than half of US origin (52%). Other European seasons, with the integration of British content, represented 13% of total available. EU4: German (39%), French, Spanish and Italian seasons represented 77% of cumulated EU27 seasons.

Origin of cumulated TV seasons in 207 VOD catalogues Origin of cumulated EU27 seasons in 207 VOD catalogues, EU27 by country of origin Other regions 22 075 FI 311 PL 263 1% 30 070 11 other countries 418 2% 15% NL 474 2% 1% 20% BE 595 3% AT 685 3% IE 690 3%

EUR OBS DK 834 4% 19 058 13%

149 457 cumulated SE 979 4% DE 9 372 42% TV seasons IT 1 020 5%

ES 1 912 9%

FR 4 522 21% US 78 254 52%

3 008 TV seasons have not been identified with a country of origin (2% of all seasons). They have been excluded for the analysis. Source: JustWatch data 24% of cumulated TV seasons on TVOD were of EU27 origin, but only 10% on SVOD On SVOD services, EU27 content decreased from 17% unique seasons to 10,5% cumulated seasons. US TV seasons represented over half of all cumulated content in TVOD (55%) and in SVOD (51%), multiplying their unique presence by 13 times in SVOD and by 7 times on TVOD. More TV seasons from outside the US or Europe (26%) than European(*) in SVOD catalogues, showing the strong reliance of SVOD on productions from Japan (42%) and Canada (27%). Origin of TV seasons in 47 TVOD catalogues Origin of TV seasons in 160 SVOD catalogues

Other intl. EU27 3 686 10 871 8% Other intl. 10% EU27 26 384 11 204 26% 24% EUR OBS 13 139 13%

46 373 cumulated 103 084 cumulated TV seasons TV seasons

EUR OBS 5 919 13% US 25 564 55% US 52 690 51% Source: JustWatch data

(*) EU27 and Other European origins together. US TV content counted more seasons, while Other international, more episodes European TV seasons showed less episodes in proportion than other origins seasons: European series counted fewer episodes than US or Other international series. Other international episodes represented almost one third of all TV episodes in SVOD catalogues (29%), and was mostly composed of Japanese, Canadian and Korean animation and drama.

Origin of TV titles, seasons and episodes on TVOD Origin of TV titles, seasons and episodes on SVOD

11% 11% Episodes 21% Episodes 9% 8% 29% 10% Seasons Seasons 24% 26% 13%

9% 13% Seasons 55%

51% Episodes 59% 51%

EU27 EUR OBS US Other intl. EU27 EUR OBS US Other intl.

Source: JustWatch data The difference between the share of EU27 and of all European seasons was significant on SVOD

Share of European TV seasons varies strongly depending on which countries qualify as “European”. If only EU27 countries are counted the share of European seasons was 10,5% on SVOD, 24% on TVOD. If other European countries are taken into account, the share was 37% for TVOD and 23% for SVOD. Depending on whether British TV seasons were counted as European content or not, it increased the share of European seasons by 13% for both TVOD and SVOD.

Origin of TV seasons in 47 TVOD catalogues Origin of TV seasons in 160 SVOD catalogues

EU 27 + EUR OBS 36,9% EU 27 + EUR OBS 23,3%

EU28 pro forma (GB included) 36,3% EU28 pro forma (GB included) 22,1%

EU27 (without GB) 24,2% EU27 (without GB) 10,5%

Source: JustWatch data National VOD services presented the highest shares of EU27 TV seasons National TVOD services relied more on EU27 TV seasons (43%) than SVOD services (28%) but both types took care of their national audiences. More than half content on TVOD was European. Stronger reliance on US TV seasons of SVOD national services (48%) than that of TVOD services. National TVOD services complemented their offering with other European content, while national SVOD catalogues relied more on other international content.

Origin of YV seasons in 14 national TVOD catalogues Origin of TV seasons in 16 national SVOD catalogues

Other intl. Other intl. 390 530 8% 13% EU27 1 137 28%

EU27 2 250 5 172 43% 4 073 TV seasons TV seasons

US 1 946 38% EUR OBS 456 11% US 1 950 EUR OBS 48% 586 11% Source: JustWatch data While multi-country VOD services relied more heavily on US TV seasons EU27 TV seasons represented 22% on multi-country TVOD services but just 10% on SVOD services. Multi-country TVOD services relied more heavily on US TV seasons (57%), but SVOD offered more volume. SVOD catalogues had conversely the highest share of other international TV seasons (26%), even bigger than all European (EU27 and other European) TV seasons together.

Origin of TV seasons in 33 multi-country TVOD catalogues Origin of TV seasons in 144 multi-country SVOD catalogues

Other intl. EU27 3 296 9 734 8% Other intl. 10% EU27 25 854 8 954 26% 22% EUR OBS 12 683 13%

41 201 99 011 TV seasons TV seasons EUR OBS 5 333 13%

US 23 618 57% US 50 740 51%

Source: JustWatch data EU27 TV seasons circulated in a smaller number of countries than other origins

32% of EU27 unique TV seasons on TVOD represented only 24% of all cumulated content, and 17% of EU27 unique TV content on SVOD represented just 10% of cumulated. This is explained by the lower circulation in countries of EU27 content, with an average of 2,4 countries on TVOD and 3 on SVOD. US and other regions TV seasons travelled best, crossing borders more easily than European content.

TVOD –Average circulation of seasons in countries by region of origin SVOD – Average circulation of seasons in countries by region of origin

7,2 7,2 6,4 6,7

4,5

3,0 2,9 2,4

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

All VOD services – Average circulation of TV seasons in countries by region of origin

6,8 6,8

3,4 2,6

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions Source: JustWatch data And on services, EU27 content circulated less than TV seasons from other regions

On average, EU27 TV seasons were present in 5 different TVOD catalogues and in 3 SVOD catalogues. On TVOD, other European seasons (including GB) were found on an average 7,8 catalogues. While on SVOD, other international TV seasons circulated on an average 6,5 catalogues. US TV content circulated the best also in average number of services, more importantly on TVOD (13,1). TVOD – Average circulation of seasons on services by region of origin SVOD – Average circulation of seasons on services by region of origin

13,1

7,8 7,1 6,5 5,0 4,4 3,9 3,5

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

All VOD services – Average circulation of seasons on services by region of origin

10,0

6,0 4,5 4,8

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions Source: JustWatch data C.4 – Focus on services’ core business and ownership

Services owned by tech on TVOD, and by pure VOD players, Tech or Telecom on SVOD have the highest number of TV seasons in their catalogues 69% of all TV content on TVOD was on tech services (Amazon, Google, iTunes, Microsoft) 50% of content on SVOD was found on pure VOD players (Netflix, Crunchyroll, Hayu).

Sharp differences in the composition of catalogues by core business of service owners Services owned by distributors, telecom (Orange, Sky) and TV players (Maxdome, Canal VOD) showed the highest share of EU27 TV seasons on TVOD, Services owned by TV (Viaplay, Disney+) and distributors showed the largest EU27 TV content on SVOD. For SVOD, Pure VOD players (Netflix) built their catalogues on US and Other international TV seasons. The highest share of US seasons was found in SVOD services operated by telecom (Sky) and tech (Amazon) players, and in TVOD on Pure VOD (Chili) and tech players, all of them rounding 69% of US content.

Higher share of EU27 TV content for EU27 owned services… The share of EU27 TV seasons in the catalogues of EU owned services was higher, with 35% on TVOD and 29% on SVOD while global services had a EU27 seasons share of 19% on TVOD and 8% on SVOD. SVOD global services showed a higher share of Other international content (27%) than European content.

…But the total offer of EU27 seasons was higher for global services, mainly on SVOD In absolute numbers, global services offered more TV seasons and thus also more EU27 seasons than EU27 owned services (9,7 times more on SVOD; 3,5 times more on TVOD). SVOD global services offered 10 times more seasons from outside Europe and the US than global TVOD services. The biggest number of seasons was found on Tech players and Pure VOD players

69% of all TV content on TVOD were on tech services and 50% of content on SVOD on pure VOD players.

TVOD – Number of TV seasons by core business of service owner SVOD – Number of TV seasons by core business of service owner

Distributor Private equity Distributor Pure VOD 499 224 579 player 1% 0% 1% 1 981 4% TV TV 11 922 8 949 12% 19%

Telecom Telecom 18 721 3 028 18% Pure VOD 7% player 51 488 50%

Tech Tech 31 916 20 150 69% 19%

Number of TVOD Average number of Number of SVOD Average number of Core business catalogues seasons/catalogue catalogues seasons/catalogue Distributor 3 166 5 116 Pure VOD player 7 283 43 1 197 Tech 23 1 388 50 403 Telecom 8 379 27 693

Source: TV 6 1 492 32 373 JustWatch data Private equity 3 75 Sharp differences in the composition of catalogues by core business of service owners Services owned by distributors, telecom and TV players had the highest share of EU27 TV seasons on TVOD, and TV and distributors owned catalogues had the largest EU27 TV content on SVOD. For SVOD, Pure VOD players built their catalogues on US and Other international TV seasons. The highest share of US seasons was found in SVOD services operated by telecom and tech players, and in TVOD, on Pure VOD players and tech players (all of them rounding 69% of US content).

TVOD – Share of TV seasons by core business of service owner SVOD – Share of TV seasons by core business of service owner

4% 6% 8% 9% 6% 10% 21% 19% 22% 21% 38% 11% 45% 14% 47% 59% 59% 53% 16% 63% 55% 57% 15% 51% 9% 45% 10% 15% 52% 14% 20% 35% 12% 34% 10% 25% 10% 20% 22% 16% 8% 10% 11% 12%

Distributor Pure VOD Tech Telecom TV Distributor Pure VOD Tech Telecom TV Private equity player player

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch data Higher share of EU TV content for EU owned services…

The share of EU27 TV seasons in the catalogues of EU27 owned services was higher, with 35% on TVOD and 29% on SVOD while global services had a EU27 seasons share of 19% on TVOD and 8% on SVOD. SVOD global services showed a higher share of content from outside US and Europe (27%) than European.

TVOD – Share of TV seasons by origin of service owner SVOD – Share of TV seasons by origin of service owner

8% 8% 9% 27%

46% 50% 59%

51% 10% 12% 14% 35% 29% 13% 19% 8%

EU services Global services EU services Global services

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

Number of TVOD Average number Number of SVOD Average number Origin of service owner catalogues seasons/catalogue catalogues seasons/catalogue EU 23 591 26 394 Source: Global 24 1 366 134 693 JustWatch data …But the total offer of EU seasons was higher for global services, mainly on SVOD

In absolute numbers, global services offered more TV seasons and thus also more EU27 seasons than EU27 owned services (9,7 times more on SVOD; 3,5 times more on TVOD). SVOD global services offered 10 times more other regions seasons than global TVOD services.

TVOD – Number of TV seasons by origin of service owner SVOD – Number of TV seasons by origin of service owner 92 836 seasons

25 443

32 781 seasons 47 608

2 548

13 592 seasons 19 255 10 248 seasons 11 910 1 138 941 6 309 4 593 5 082 1 326 6 385 1 229 7 875 4 819 2 996 EU services Global services EU services Global services

EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions EU27 EUR OBS US Other regions

Source: JustWatch data C.5 – Composition of catalogues by national and EU27 non-national TV contents

TV content on this section was analysed in cumulated number of seasons.

National TV seasons on TVOD vs EU27 non-national content con SVOD EU27 TV content catalogues on TVOD was composed by more than half of national seasons (56%). On the contrary, EU27 non-national TV seasons represented almost the majority (72%) on SVOD: for some services (Netflix, Amazon) the worldwide rights acquisition of content made European content available on all their European catalogues.

National TV seasons offering was dominant on national TVOD services On TVOD, national services had a higher share (74%) of national TV seasons than multi-country services (51%) in their EU27 offering. On the other hand, multi-country services offered a bigger number of EU seasons and thus also more national TV seasons in absolute numbers.

National SVOD services also built their offer on national TV seasons On SVOD, national services also relied importantly on national TV content for their EU27 offering with a 72% share of national TV seasons. As on TVOD, multi-country services offered more EU TV seasons in volume and thus also more national content in absolute terms. EU27 non-national accounted for almost 80% of the EU27 offering on multi-country SVOD services. National TV seasons on TVOD, while EU27 non-national content con SVOD

EU TV content catalogues on TVOD was composed by more than half of national seasons (56%). On the contrary, EU27 non-national TV seasons represent almost the majority (72%) on SVOD, showing as their main source for EU27 content.

TVOD - Split of national and EU non-national TV seasons SVOD - Split of national and EU non-national TV seasons

EU national 3 004 28%

EU national 6 245 56% EU non- national 11 204 10 871 4 959 TV seasons TV seasons 44%

EU non- national 7 867 72%

EU national EU non-national EU national EU non-national

Source: JustWatch data National TV seasons offering was dominant on national TVOD services

On TVOD, national services had a higher share (74%) of national TV seasons than multi-country services (51%) in their EU27 offering. On the other hand, multi-country services offered a bigger number of EU seasons and thus also more national TV seasons in absolute numbers.

TVOD multi-country services - National vs EU non-national seasons TVOD national services - National vs EU non-national seasons

EU27 non- national 583 EU27 national 26% 4 578 51%

8 954 2 250 TV seasons TV seasons

EU27 non- national 4 376 49% EU27 national 1 667 74%

EU27 national EU27 non-national EU27 national EU27 non-national

Source: JustWatch data National SVOD services equally built their offer on national TV seasons On SVOD, national services also relied importantly on national TV content for their EU27 offering with a 72% share of national TV seasons. As on TVOD, multi-country services offered more EU TV seasons in volume and thus also more national. EU27 non-national accounted for almost 80% of the EU27 offering on multi-country SVOD services.

SVOD multi-country services - National vs EU non-national seasons SVOD national services - National vs EU non-national seasons

EU27 national EU27 non- 2 190 national 22% 323 28%

9 734 1 139 TV seasons TV seasons

EU27 non- EU27 national national 814 7 544 72% 78%

EU27 national EU27 non-national EU27 national EU27 non-national

Source: JustWatch data C.6 – Focus on the Export of European TV contents in EU27, on TVOD and SVOD

TV content was analysed in cumulated number of seasons. Only EU27 non-national content is considered.

On TVOD services, German TV seasons dominated the export of EU27 TV content (with almost half of the offer) French exported seasons appeared second in volume, followed by TV seasons from Nordic countries, Austria, Italy, Ireland and Spain. On multi-country TVOD services, almost half of EU27 exported content was of German origin, and together with French, Swedish and Danish they represented 78% of the offer. With the United Kingdom being accounted as Other European country after Brexit, British TV seasons dominated the export of EUR OBS TV content on TVOD services with 95% of total.

On SVOD, France appeared as the top TV content exporter with 25% of all EU27 exports EU4 (France, Germany, Spain and Italy) provided 67% of all EU27 TV seasons exported on SVOD. Multi-country and national SVOD services both showed EU4 main origin of exports (67%), but if French content showed always first, the other three countries showed alternating provision shares. As for TVOD, British TV seasons made up the lion share of Other European seasons on SVOD with 90% of all.

A big presence in number of seasons did not ensure a better export of content Countries with a lower number of TV seasons available showed a better country export rate.

Better export rates on SVOD than on TVOD. Recent High-end series reached most countries in export High-end series (counting 2 to 13 episodes per season) were exported to more countries than longer formats, notably on SVOD catalogues where they represented 81% of EU27 exports. 21 EU27 countries exported their TV content on EU27 TVOD services German TV seasons, with almost half of the offer (*), dominated the export of EU27 TV content on TVOD services, while French exported seasons appeared second in volume. Nordic countries, Austrian, Italian, Irish, Spanish, Belgian and Czech TV seasons completed the top 10 export countries, while other 11 EU countries exports represented only 4% of all EU seasons exported.

TVOD – Number of EU27 TV seasons exported outside of their national market, by country of origin

AT 288 6% IT 227 5% DK 229 SE 390 8% 5% IE 201 4% PL 25 1% HR 18 0% CY 11 0% ES 139 3% BG 5 0% BE 134 3% FR 792 16% GR 5 0% CZ 82 2% RO 5 0% Other 11 countries 184 4% LU 3 0% HU 1 0% NL 54 1% PT 1 0%

FI 56 1%

DE 2 293 46%

(*) Partly due to the weight of German and Austrian services in the sample. Source: JustWatch data Origins of EU27 TV content for multi-country and national TVOD catalogues differed

On multi-country TVOD services, almost half of EU27 exported content was of German origin (*), and together with French, Swedish and Danish content, it represented 78% of the offer. While on national TVOD services, German, French, Austrian (*), Italian and Swedish seasons represented the majority (75%) of all EU27 exported TV seasons.

Export of EU TV seasons in 33 multi-country TVOD catalogues Export of EU TV seasons in 14 national TVOD catalogues

CZ 71 2% 8 other CZ 11 2% 6 other BE 106 2% countries 149 countries 23 FI 12 2% 3% 4% ES 112 3% DK 22 4% IT 167 4% IE 23 4% IE 178 4%

DE 149 25% ES 27 5% AT 198 4% BE 28 5% DE 2 144 49% DK 207 5%

SE 47 8% SE 343 8% FR 91 16%

IT 60 10% FR 701 16%

AT 90 15%

(*) Partly due to the weight of German and Austrian services in the sample. Source: JustWatch data Other European most exported TV seasons on TVOD were massively British

With the UK being accounted as Other European country after Brexit, British TV seasons dominated the export of EUR OBS TV content on TVOD services with 95% of total. TV seasons from Norway, Russia, Switzerland, Island and Turkey completed the offer.

TVOD – EUR OBS TV seasons by country of origin

CH 45 1% RU 62 1% IS 33 1% TR 23 0% NO 124 2%

GB 5 630 95%

Source: JustWatch data A big presence in number of seasons does not ensure a better circulation of content Countries with a lower number of TV seasons had a better country circulation, as opposed to German numerous seasons but exported only in an average 1,5 countries. French and Italian TV seasons showed the best (and equal) average exports circulation, but there was 3,5 times more French content. Culturally close countries were targeted export territories: 98% of Austrian content was exported to Germany, and 94% of German, to Austria.

TVOD – Number of unique EU TV seasons exported outside of their country of origin and average non-national country presence

7,0

IE; 32; 6,3 6,0

SE; 76; 5,1 5,0 GR; 1; 5,0 RO; 1; 5,0 FI; 13; 4,3 CZ; 19; 4,3 4,0 DK; 56; 4,1 IT; 61; 3,7 FR; 216; 3,7 NL; 16; 3,4 ES; 45; 3,1 3,0 BE; 44; 3,0 CY; 4; 2,8 HR; 6; 3,0 PL; 9; 2,8 AT; 120; 2,4 2,0

LU; 2; 1,5 DE; 1 540; 1,5 PT; 1; 1,0 Source: 1,0 BG; 5; 1,0 JustWatch HU; 1; 1,0 data

0,0 0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 1 400 1 600 1 800 Read the matrix as: 803 German TV seasons were exported with an average country presence in 2,0 countries Top 20 EU27 exported TV seasons on TVOD services: Ireland, France & Italy main providers 7 Irish, 5 French and 5 Italian TV seasons were the most exported on TVOD services in May 2020. The top list is completed by Nordic animated TV seasons (2 from Denmark and 1 from Finland). 13 seasons were co-productions of which 7 with at least with 2 European countries (including the UK). The median production year was 2015 (2014 for animation) and half were produced before 2015. The average episodes number per season was 11 for fiction and 56 for animated TV seasons.

Top 20 EU27 exported TV seasons in 47 TVOD catalogues Original Season name Year of production Production country Episodes Export EU services Export EU countries Vikings 1 2013 IE,CA 9 51 18 Vikings 2 2014 IE,CA 10 48 18 Vikings 3 2015 IE,CA 10 48 18 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 1 2011 DK,SG,CA,US 13 38 18 PJ Masks 1 2015 FR,GB 104 35 17 Gomorra: La serie 1 2014 IT 12 34 15 Angry Birds Toons 1 2013 FI 52 32 18 Gomorra: La serie 4 2019 IT 12 32 14 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 2 2012 DK,SG,CA,US 13 32 17 Gomorra: La serie 3 2017 IT 12 31 15 Grizzy and the Lemmings 1 2017 FR 52 31 18 The Tudors 1 2007 IE,CA,US,GB 10 31 14 The Tudors 4 2010 IE,CA,US,GB 10 31 15 The Young Pope 1 2016 IT,FR,ES,GB,US 10 31 17 Gomorra: La serie 2 2016 IT 13 30 15 Taken 1 2017 FR,US 10 29 18 Au service de la France 1 2015 FR 12 28 16 PJ Masks 2 2018 FR,GB 104 28 15 The Tudors 2 2008 IE,CA,US,GB 10 28 14 The Tudors 3 2009 IE,CA,US,GB 8 28 14

Source: JustWatch data 22 EU27 countries exported their TV content on EU27 SVOD services

On SVOD, France appeared as the top TV content exporter with 25% of all EU27 exports while EU4 (FR, DE, ES, IT) provided 67% of all EU27 TV seasons exported on SVOD. The remaining 11 countries represented only 4% of all EU27 exported TV seasons on SVOD.

SVOD – Number of EU TV seasons exported outside of their national market, by country of origin

DK 512 7% SE 451 6% IE 438 6%

IT 550 7% BE 342 4% RO 32 0%

NL 209 3% CZ 62 1% CY 29 0% PL 175 2%

ES 1 109 14% FI 151 2% HU 19 0% LT 6 0% GR 4 0% Other 11 countries 330 4% LU 3 0% PT 2 0% HR 70 1% SK 1 0%

DE 1 626 21% AT 102 1% FR 1 974 25%

Source: JustWatch data Multi-country and national SVOD services both showed EU4 main origin of exports

Both for multi-country and national SVOD catalogues, EU4 exported TV seasons represented 67% of all exported EU27 content, but if French always first, the other three countries alternated order. Apart from EU4 countries, most represented origin of EU27 exported TV seasons were Denmark, Ireland and Sweden, although not on the same order on multi-country and on national SVOD catalogues.

Export of EU TV seasons in 144 multi-country SVOD catalogues Export of EU TV seasons in 16 national SVOD catalogues

6 other countries FI 146 2% 11 other countries 309 4% 17 5% PL 172 2% NL 9 3% NL 200 3% AT 16 5% BE 338 4%

FR 1 851 25% SE 19 6% IE 413 5% FR 123 38% DK 22 7% SE 432 6%

DK 490 7% IE 25 8% DE 1 597 21%

IT 512 7% ES 25 7%

IT 38 12% ES 1 084 14% DE 29 9%

Source: JustWatch data On SVOD also, Other European most exported TV seasons are fundamentally British

As for TVOD, British TV seasons made up the lion share of EUR OBS seasons on SVOD with 90%. Turkey, Russia and Norway made up a bigger share of TV seasons than on TVOD, shyly followed by Iceland, Switzerland and Albania to complete the Other European exports of TV seasons on SVOD.

SVOD – EUR OBS TV seasons by country of origin

NO 308 2% IS 79 CH 23 0% 1% RU 416 3% AL 6 0% TR 442 4%

GB 11 863 90%

Source: JustWatch data On SVOD, better export results even when lower volumes of TV seasons Of EU4, Spanish content circulated the best, even with a lower number of TV seasons, followed by Italian, French and German. Poland, Ireland, Denmark or Croatia also showed a high country circulation for a smaller number of TV seasons exported on SVOD services. Heavy exporters such as Germany and France showed a lower circulation but with many more TV seasons exported.

SVOD – Number of unique EU27 TV seasons exported outside of their country of origin and average non-national country presence

12,0

ES 108 10,3 10,0

PL 20 8,8 IE 53 8,3 8,0 HR 9 7,8 DK 65 7,9 CY 4 7,3 RO 5 6,4 FI 24 6,3 IT 86 6,4 6,0 HU 3 6,3 NL 38 5,5 FR 360 5,5

4,0 GR 1 4,0 SE 121 3,7 LU 1 3,0 CZ 22 2,8 BE 116 2,9

2,0 DE 803 2,0 AT 60 1,7 Source: SK 1 1,0 JustWatch LT 6 1,0 data PT 2 1,0 0,0 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900

Read the matrix as, 360 French TV seasons were exported with an average country presence in 5,5 countries Top 20 EU27 exported TV seasons on SVOD services: Danish & French animation dominated 7 Danish and 5 French animated TV seasons among the most exported seasons on SVOD services in May 2020. The top list is completed by fiction seasons from Germany, Ireland, Italy, Belgium and Spain. 11 titles were co-productions of which just 1 with 2 European countries (FR & GB). Many co-productions from European countries with Asia, which is quite specific to the animation industry. The median production year was 2016 (2015 for animation) and 85% were produced in 2015 or later. The average episodes number per season was 11 for fiction and 27 for animated TV seasons. Top 20 EU27 exported TV seasons in 47 TVOD catalogues

Original Season name Year of production Production country Episodes Export EU services Export EU countries LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 5 2015 DK,SG,CA,US 10 41 18 Vikings 4 2016 IE,CA 20 40 17 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 6 2016 DK,SG,CA,US 10 37 18 Molang 1 2015 FR,US,GB 52 37 18 LEGO Nexo Knights 1 2015 DK 12 36 18 Vikings 5 2017 IE,CA 20 36 17 Deutschland 83 1 2015 DE 8 31 17 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 3 2013 DK,SG,CA,US 8 25 15 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 4 2015 DK,SG,CA,US 10 25 15 Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir 1 2015 FR,KR,JP 26 25 17 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 7 2017 DK,SG,CA,US 10 23 11 LEGO Ninjago: Masters of Spinjitzu 8 2018 DK,SG,CA,US 10 23 11 La víctima número 8 1 2018 ES 8 22 18 Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir 2 2016 FR,KR,JP 25 22 15 Tabula Rasa 1 2017 BE 9 22 15 Zig et Sharko 2 2016 FR 78 22 18 Zeit der Geheimnisse 1 2019 DE 3 21 18 ZeroZeroZero 1 2019 IT 8 21 12 Academia Regala 1 2016 IT 26 20 15 Oscar's Oasis 1 2011 FR 78 20 17 Source: JustWatch data Focus on series format: recent High-end series were best exported format, on SVOD

EU27 TV content was exported (beyond the country of origin) to more countries on SVOD than on TVOD. High-end series (series counting 2 to 13 episodes per season) were more exported than longer formats. Recent high-end series (2010-2020) were the most exported format, reaching in average 5,5 countries of export on SVOD. They represented 81% of total EU27 exports on SVOD and 52% on TVOD.

Average export ratio per format, on TVOD and on SVOD Average export ratio per format, recent series, on TVOD and on SVOD

5,5

4,1

3,5

2,8 2,6 2,4 2,2 1,9

TVOD SVOD TVOD SVOD

Longer format series High-end series Longer format series High-end series released in 2010-2020 released in 2010-2020

Source: JustWatch data Annex Services and country catalogues included in the film and TV samples TVOD catalogues and countries in the film sample Name of service Name of service Name of service Aerovod CZ Google Play Movies BE Microsoft Films & TV DE Country Services alles kino AT Google Play Movies CZ Microsoft Films & TV DK AT 14 alles kino DE Google Play Movies DE Microsoft Films & TV ES BE 5 Amazon TVOD AT Google Play Movies DK Microsoft Films & TV FI BG 1 Amazon TVOD DE Google Play Movies EE Microsoft Films & TV FR CY 1 Atres Player ES Google Play Movies ES Microsoft Films & TV IE Bbox VOD FR Google Play Movies FI Microsoft Films & TV IT CZ 7 Canal VOD FR Google Play Movies HU Microsoft Films & TV NL DE 16 Chili AT Google Play Movies IE Microsoft Films & TV SE DK 5 Chili DE Google Play Movies IT MyTF1vod FR EE 3 Chili IT Google Play Movies LT O2TV CZ ES 7 Chili PL Google Play Movies LV Orange VOD FR cinema[s] @ la demande FR Google Play Movies NL Pantaflix AT FI 5 EntertainTV DE Google Play Movies PL Pantaflix DE FR 13 FilmDoo AT Google Play Movies PT Pantaflix FR GR 1 FilmDoo BE Google Play Movies SE Pathé Thuis NL HR 1 FilmDoo BG Google Play Movies SK Prima Videopůjčovna CZ HU 4 FilmDoo CY Infinity TV IT Rakuten TV CZ IE 7 FilmDoo CZ iTunes AT Rakuten TV DK FilmDoo DE iTunes BE Rakuten TV FI IT 7 FilmDoo DK iTunes CZ Rakuten TV IE LT 3 FilmDoo EE iTunes DE Rakuten TV NL LU 1 FilmDoo ES iTunes DK Rakuten TV PL LV 3 FilmDoo FI iTunes EE Rakuten TV PT MT 1 FilmDoo FR iTunes ES Rakuten TV SE FilmDoo GR iTunes FI Rakuten TV SK NL 7 FilmDoo HR iTunes FR RakutenTV AT PL 6 FilmDoo HU iTunes HU RakutenTV BE PT 6 FilmDoo IE iTunes IE RakutenTV DE RO 2 FilmDoo IT iTunes IT RakutenTV ES SE 5 FilmDoo LT iTunes LT RakutenTV FR FilmDoo LU iTunes LV RakutenTV IT SI 1 FilmDoo LV iTunes NL Sky Store AT SK 5 FilmDoo MT iTunes PL Sky Store DE FilmDoo NL iTunes PT Sky Store IE FilmDoo PL iTunes RO UniversCiné Belgium BE FilmDoo PT iTunes SE Videobuster AT FilmDoo RO iTunes SK Videobuster DE FilmDoo SE K2Studio SK Volta IE FilmDoo SI Kino on Demand DE YouTube Movies DE FilmDoo SK Kino VOD Club AT YouTube Movies FR Filmin TVOD ES LaCinetek FR YouTube Movies HU Filmo TV FR Maxdome Store AT YouTube Movies PL Flimmit AT Maxdome Store DE YouTube Movies PT Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, Flimmit DE MEO PT Ziggo NL EUROVOD catalogue data Google Play Movies AT Microsoft Films & TV AT SVOD catalogues and countries in the film sample

Name of service Name of service Name of service Name of service Country Services Acorn TV DK C More FI Kividoo AT Obbod SK Acorn TV NL C More SE Kividoo DE OCS GO FR AT 12 Acorn TV SE DaFilms CZ Magio Kino SK Otta SK BE 7 All 4 IE Disney Life IE Maxdome AT realeyz DE Amazon Prime Video AT Disney+ AT Maxdome DE Ruutu FI CZ 9 Amazon Prime Video BE Disney+ DE Mediaset Premium Play IT SFR Play FR DE 23 Amazon Prime Video CZ Disney+ ES Movistar+ ES Shudder AT DK 10 Amazon Prime Video DE Disney+ FR MUBI AT Shudder DE Amazon Prime Video DK Disney+ IE MUBI BE Shudder IE EE 7 Amazon Prime Video EE Disney+ IT MUBI CZ Sky GO AT ES 10 Amazon Prime Video ES Disney+ NL MUBI DE Sky GO DE FI 10 Amazon Prime Video FI Filmbox CZ MUBI DK Sky GO IE Amazon Prime Video FR Filmbox SK MUBI EE Sky GO IT FR 8 Amazon Prime Video HU Filmin Plus ES MUBI ES Sky NOW TV IE HU 7 Amazon Prime Video IE Filmtastic Amazon Channel DE MUBI FI Sky Now TV IT Amazon Prime Video IT Fubo TV ES MUBI FR Sky Ticket DE IE 12 Amazon Prime Video LT Go3 EE MUBI HU Sky X AT IT 11 Amazon Prime Video LV Go3 LT MUBI IE Starz Play Amazon Channel DE LT 7 Amazon Prime Video NL Go3 LV MUBI IT TIMvision IT Amazon Prime Video PL GuideDoc AT MUBI LT TV Now DE LV 7 Amazon Prime Video PT GuideDoc DE MUBI LV UniversCine DE NL 8 Amazon Prime Video RO GuideDoc DK MUBI NL UPC My Prime PL PL 9 Amazon Prime Video SE GuideDoc EE MUBI PL Viaplay DK Animax Plus Amazon Channel DE GuideDoc ES MUBI PT Viaplay EE PT 6 Anime on Demand DE GuideDoc FI MUBI RO Viaplay FI RO 5 Apple TV+ AT GuideDoc IE MUBI SE Viaplay LT Apple TV+ BE GuideDoc IT MUBI SK Viaplay LV SE 10 Apple TV+ CZ GuideDoc LT Netflix AT Viaplay SE SK 7 Apple TV+ DE GuideDoc LV Netflix BE Videoland NL Apple TV+ DK GuideDoc NL Netflix CZ Viki Rakuten DE Apple TV+ EE GuideDoc PL Netflix DE Voyo SK Apple TV+ ES GuideDoc SE Netflix DK Yelo Play BE Apple TV+ FI HBO GO CZ Netflix EE YouTube Premium AT Apple TV+ FR HBO GO HU Netflix ES YouTube Premium BE Apple TV+ HU HBO GO PL Netflix FI YouTube Premium DE Apple TV+ IE HBO Go PT Netflix FR YouTube Premium DK Apple TV+ IT HBO GO RO Netflix HU YouTube Premium ES Apple TV+ LT HBO GO SK Netflix IE YouTube Premium FI Apple TV+ LV HBO Nordic DK Netflix IT YouTube Premium FR Apple TV+ NL HBO Nordic FI Netflix LT YouTube Premium HU Apple TV+ PL HBO Nordic SE Netflix LV YouTube Premium IE Apple TV+ PT Herzkino Amazon Channels DE Netflix NL YouTube Premium IT Apple TV+ SE Horizon HU Netflix PL YouTube Premium PT Be tv BE Horizon RO Netflix PT YouTube Premium SE Source: JustWatch, Filmtoro, Chili, La Pantalla Digital, Be2Can CZ Horizon/UPC PL Netflix RO EUROVOD catalogue data BluTV DE IPLA PL Netflix SE C More DK Joyn DE Obbod CZ TVOD catalogues and countries in the TV sample

Name of service Name of service Country TVOD services Amazon TVOD AT Microsoft Films & TV ES AT 9 Amazon TVOD DE Microsoft Films & TV FI BE 1 CZ 1 AtresPlayer ES Microsoft Films & TV FR DE 11 Bbox VOD FR Microsoft Films & TV IE DK 1 Canal VOD FR Microsoft Films & TV IT ES 4 Chili AT Microsoft Films & TV NL FI 1 Chili DE Microsoft Films & TV SE FR 9 Chili IT MyTF1vod FR IE 2 Chili PL O2TV CZ IT 4 EntertainTV DE Orange VOD FR NL 2 PL 1 Filmin TVOD ES Pantaflix AT SE 1 Flimmit AT Pantaflix DE Total 47 Flimmit DE Pantaflix FR Google Play Movies & TV AT Rakuten TV AT Google Play Movies & TV DE Rakuten TV BE Google Play Movies & TV FR Rakuten TV DE Infinity TV IT Rakuten TV ES iTunes DE Rakuten TV FR iTunes FR Rakuten TV IT Maxdome Store AT Sky Store IE Maxdome Store DE Videobuster AT Microsoft Films & TV AT Videobuster DE Microsoft Films & TV DE Ziggo NL Microsoft Films & TV DK

Source: JustWatch data SVOD catalogues and countries in the TV sample

Name of service Name of service Name of service Name of service Country SVOD services Acorn TV DK Apple TV+ PL HBO Go PT Shudder IE AT 12 Acorn TV NL Apple TV+ PT HBO GO RO Sky ES BE 6 Acorn TV SE Apple TV+ SE HBO Nordic DK Sky GO AT CZ 4 All 4 IE Be tv BE HBO Nordic FI Sky GO DE Amazon Prime Video AT BluTV DE HBO Nordic SE Sky GO IE DE 20 Amazon Prime Video BE C More DK Herzkino Amazon Channels DE Sky GO IT DK 11 Amazon Prime Video CZ C More FI Horizon HU Sky NOW TV IE EE 5 Amazon Prime Video DE C More SE Horizon RO Sky NOW TV IT ES 10 Amazon Prime Video DK Canal+ Séries FR Horizon/UPC PL Sky Ticket DE FI 11 Amazon Prime Video EE Crunchyroll AT Joyn DE Sky X AT FR 10 Amazon Prime Video ES Crunchyroll DE Kividoo AT Starz Play Amazon Channel DE HU 6 Amazon Prime Video FI Crunchyroll DK Kividoo DE TIMvision IT Amazon Prime Video FR Crunchyroll ES Maxdome AT TV Now DE IE 10 Amazon Prime Video HU Crunchyroll FI Maxdome DE Viaplay DK IT 10 Amazon Prime Video IE Crunchyroll FR Mediaset Premium Play IT Viaplay EE LT 5 Amazon Prime Video IT Crunchyroll IT Movistar+ ES Viaplay FI LV 5 Amazon Prime Video LT Crunchyroll NL Netflix AT Viaplay LT NL 8 Amazon Prime Video LV Crunchyroll PT Netflix BE Viaplay LV PL 5 Amazon Prime Video NL Crunchyroll RO Netflix CZ Viaplay SE PT 6 Amazon Prime Video PL Crunchyroll SE Netflix DE Videoland NL Amazon Prime Video PT Disney+ AT Netflix DK Viki Rakuten DE RO 5 Amazon Prime Video RO Disney+ DE Netflix EE Wakanim DE SE 11 Amazon Prime Video SE Disney+ ES Netflix ES Wakanim DK Total 160 Animax Plus Amazon Channel DE Disney+ FR Netflix FI Wakanim FI Anime on Demand DE Disney+ IE Netflix FR Wakanim FR Apple TV+ AT Disney+ IT Netflix HU Wakanim SE Apple TV+ BE Disney+ NL Netflix IE watchbox AT Apple TV+ CZ Fubo TV ES Netflix IT Yelo Play BE Apple TV+ DE Go3 EE Netflix LT YouTube Premium AT Apple TV+ DK Go3 LT Netflix LV YouTube Premium BE Apple TV+ EE Go3 LV Netflix NL YouTube Premium DE Apple TV+ ES hayu DK Netflix PL YouTube Premium DK Apple TV+ FI hayu FI Netflix PT YouTube Premium ES Apple TV+ FR hayu IE Netflix RO YouTube Premium FI Apple TV+ HU hayu NL Netflix SE YouTube Premium FR Apple TV+ IE hayu SE OCS GO FR YouTube Premium HU Apple TV+ IT HBO España ES Ruutu FI YouTube Premium IE Apple TV+ LT HBO GO CZ SFR Play FR YouTube Premium IT Apple TV+ LV HBO GO HU Shudder AT YouTube Premium PT Source: JustWatch data Apple TV+ NL HBO GO PL Shudder DE YouTube Premium SE More information: www.obs.coe.int [email protected] [email protected]