Proceedings Umeå, Sweden, 23/24 October 2014 Uneecc Forum Volume 7
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Culture and Growth: Magical Companions or Mutually Exclusive Counterparts? Eighth Interdisciplinary Conference of the University Network of the European Capitals of Culture Hosted by Umeå University PROCEEDINGS UMEÅ, SWEDEN, 23/24 OCTOBER 2014 UNEECC FORUM VOLUME 7. Editors: BRITTA LUNDGREN and OVIDIU MATIU ISSN 2068-2123 1 Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu Press, 2015 The editors and publisher of this volume take no responsibility as to the content of the contributors. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Britta LUNDGREN: Foreword: Culture and Growth – Magical Companions or Mutually Exclusive Counterparts? Umeå University Hosting the UNeECC Conference 2014. 5 Malin H. NÄSHOLM and Tomas BLOMQUIST: The Meanings of Co- creation of Culture. 10 Emmanuel PEDLER, Elena RAEVSKIKH and Maxime JAFFRÉ: How Do the European Capitals of Culture Contribute to the European Mobility? Empirical Issues and Theoretical Challenges of the Cultural Institutions Renewal in the Cities Elected ECC. 29 Nils WÅHLIN: Projective Cities: Organizing Large Cultural Development Initiatives. 44 Katalin FÜZÉR: Probing Participatory Urban Development: ECoC and Urban Strategies in Post-millennial Pécs. 69 Ana DADIĆ: The Use of New Technologies in Creating an Interactive Map of the Industrial Heritage of Zagreb. 82 Anne HEITH: Indigeneity, Cultural Transformations and Rethinking the Nation: Performative Aspects of Sámi Elements in Umeå 2014. 110 Nataša UROŠEVIĆ: Culture and Sustainable Urban Development – Valuing a Common European Heritage in Croatian Candidates for the ECOC. 127 Madara LUKA and Ineta LUKA: Riga – Developing Creative Tourism Destinations. 138 Eva-Nicoleta BURDUSEL and Daniela PREDA: University and Community – Collaboration for Cultural Sustainability and Economic Growth. 160 Notes on Contributors. 164 3 4 Culture and Growth – Magical Companions or Mutually Exclusive Counterparts? Umeå University Hosting the UNeECC Conference 2014 Britta Lundgren Umeå University, Sweden “Welcome to the Northern room in the European house!” marked the call for papers to the Eight Interdisciplinary Conference of the University Network of the European Capitals of Culture (UNeECC) on October 23-24, 2014. Umeå’s European Capital of Culture (ECoC) year was a joint venture with the four northernmost Swedish counties and Sápmi (the lands inhabited by the Sami people). Sápmi stretches through northern Norway, Sweden and Finland and all the way out to the Kola Peninsula in Russia. These northern lands are natural part of a European dimension, promoting cross-border cultural meetings and long-term collaborations (www.umea2014.se). Several evaluations have shown that Umeå can look back to a successful year “that provided tremendous cultural variety of the highest quality, excellent public attendance, positive total funding and a strong contribution to community development in general.” The financing also turned out to be successful with an increase from the reported budget. This increase can mostly be described as a result from the organization model (networking and co-financing), http://umea2014.se/2015/06/umea-moved-boundaries. During 2014 a wide range of programs (1,054 items) were presented, everything from smaller activities to major large-scale events. This had a great impact on local and regional business in all sectors, not only culture and creative industries. PwC's preliminary final report of the European Capital of Culture Year Umeå2014 presents evaluations on Umeå’s development over time. The report discusses changes and improvements in the seven capitals; environmental and natural resources capital, social capital, intellectual capital, infrastructure capital, culture and experience capital, democracy and prosperity capital as well as information and communication technology (ICT), http://umea2014.se/2015/ 05/pwc-evaluating-umea2014-a-successful-cultural-year. These close interactions and connections between culture and growth were subject to debate before and during 2014. The debate inspired Umeå University, being the local host of the UNeECC conference, to choose “culture 5 and growth” as the main topic for the conference. But before presenting the content of the conference I would like to present the strategy for Umeå University to initiating research and establish the cultural dimension as an important part of the university. Establishing the Cultural Dimension at Umeå University Umeå University is still a fairly young university, celebrating its 50 years anniversary in 2015. Most of the departments and the facilities are located on the main campus creating small distances between people and workplaces. The interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary traditions are also very strong with 14 strong research interdisciplinary areas. Maybe this very “youth” and the spatial structure have enabled a close relation between research and culture (culture defined in its broad sense). This means that when we speak of the university as being partner in Umeå 2014 we do not only think of culture with respect to its most obvious connotations (artistic, esthetic, literary etc.), but also culture in its economical, psychological, medical, anthropological, political, and democratic sense. To prepare for Umeå 2014 the Vice-Chancellor in late 2011 decided on a special assignment for establishing the cultural dimension as an important part of the university. The aim was to contribute to strengthen the development of the university and to bring a new dimension for the branding of the university. Umeå University was in an advantageous position to establish this. For several years before 2014 large investments had been made for building the Arts Campus by the river Umeälven http://www.umu.se/digitalAssets/98/ 98357_think_01.12_lr-ny-med.pdf including Bildmuseet http://www. bildmuseet.umu.se/en/, Umeå Institute of Design http://www.dh.umu.se/en, Umeå Academy of Fine Arts, http://www.art.umu.se/en/, Umeå School of Architecture http://www.arch.umu.se and HUMlab X http://www.humlab. umu.se/sv. The 10-year old tradition with Culture on Campus http://www.umu.se/ english/about-umu/news-events/campus-culture?languageId=1 also turned also out to be an important asset for establishing and strengthening the cultural dimension. The practical work for enabling participation and transparency in connecting the university to Umeå2014 was made by a broad network, led by Professor Britta Lundgren. The network was built up from over 50 people (mostly academics, but also administrators and information officers) from most scientific and educational areas. Some participants were very active in the operational work, some worked mainly with sharing and spreading ideas and information out to the departments. Regular meetings were held with Vice- Chancellor and Pro-Vice Chancellor, faculty administrations and heads of department. Most of the work was accomplished within the limits of the normal budget and staff resources. That meant that we tried to connect Umeå2014 to the 6 core activities, e.g. research, education, and outreach activities. The aim was to make something extra and special from these core activities, for example targeted conferences, book projects, educational activities, posters and exhibitions, open house events, interactive events or strictly cultural events or “infotainments”. The aim was also to connect activities to the eight Sami seasons that constituted the main concept for the whole cultural year. Culture and Cities – A Research Initiation Project at Umeå University As the history of UNeEEC has shown, there is a great need of researching cultural capitals. Following up on the work with establishing the cultural dimension at the university, the university made a specific grant with the aim to initiate research about Umeå as a cultural capital and the implications for culture, regional development, politics, democracy, economy, architecture etc. This work was led by a steering committee headed by former Pro-Vice Chancellor Kjell Jonsson and research coordinator Katrin Holmqvist-Sten. Researchers were invited to apply for money to start projects or to write research applications. Following up on the different projects several seminars were held, and the researchers participated in a symposium in August 2015 to present their ideas and their findings. The symposium invited the Umeå2014 leadership and national politicians working in the area of arts and culture. The Culture and Cities-project also included a series of invited guest lecturers. Among these were Orvar Löfgren, Lund talking about “Catwalking the city”; Johan Fornäs, Stockholm: “Eastern European Funk. Eastern narratives about Europe in the Eurovision Song Contest”; Virve Repo. Åbo, Finland: “Turku/Åbo 2011 follow-up survey - Long-term effects of Cultural Capital Year in Turku”; Pier Luigi Sacco, IULM, Milano: "Performing Heritage: how contemporary culture is connected with its cultural roots” and ”Presentation on the Potentials of the Cultural Capital: discussing Umea’s current challenges and successes & current initiatives underway in Siena”; Rolf Norås, Stavanger: Presentation of the book ”What would you do differently if you knew what you now know ? An investigation into 12 former European Capitals of Culture”; Emma Stenström, Stockholm: “Kulturdrivet företagande”; Prof. Åke E. Andersson, Jönköping: ”The C-society and the Creative Regions - Retrospect and Prospects”; Anders Frenander, Borås; "Kulturen som kulturpolitikens stora problem" and Francesca Perry, Social and Community Editor, Guardian Cities, ”About Guardian Cities”. It was also