Antwerp 1920: Proof of the Viability Viability the of Proof 1920: Antwerp Movement Olympic the of + + + + + the Official Publica

2 s storian Number Number i

ic H 28 p

2020 Volume y ofOlym t cie o ional S t erna t n he I ion of t t Rise of the Reich in Mandate Palestine: NSDAP, Jerusalem YMCA, “Participation” of Attallah Kidess Kidess Attallah of “Participation” YMCA, Jerusalem NSDAP, Palestine: Mandate in Reich the of Rise Games 1960 the of Preparation and Pre-History Olympics: Rome Those Elusive Olympics 1908 the at Identity Scottish and Scotland Stories Human-Interest on Emphasis 1998-2018: Films Olympic Competition Gymnastics Individual Olympic The 1908 Antwerp 1920: Proof of the Viability Viability the of Proof 1920: Antwerp Movement Olympic the of + + + + + The Official Publica

Journal of Olympic History Volume 28 | Number 2 | 2020 Antwerp 1920: Proof of the Viability of the Olympic Movement Contents 46 Scotland and Scottish Identity at the 1908 Olympics 1 Welcome to the Issue | by Luke J. Harris

2 Message from the President 55 Letter to the Editor

3 “The Post-Corona World Needs Sport 56 The 1908 Olympic Individual Gymnastics to Overcome the Crisis” Competition 136th IOC Session in virtual format | by Bill Mallon, Hilary Evans, and the OlyMADMen

4 Minutes ISOH Executive Board Meeting 58 Those Elusive Rome Olympics: 17 June 2020 Pre-History and Preparation of the 1960 Games | by David Wallechinsky | by Pasquale Polo and Elmer Sterken

6 Antwerp 1920: Proof of the Viability 68 Biographies of All IOC Members, Part XXXIII of the Olympic Movement | by Marcia De Franceschi Neto-Wacker and Volker Kluge | by Volker Kluge 72 Obituaries 20 Rise of the Reich in Mandate Palestine: The NSDAP, Jerusalem YMCA, and 76 Book Reviews “Participation” of Attallah Kidess in the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games | by San Charles Haddad

36 Olympic Films 1998-2018: Emphasis on Human-Interest Stories | by David Wallechinsky Dr, Haverhill MA, 01835, UNITED STATES; Phone: GRECO Marco Mr. Member Information +19783191069; Specific Olympic Research Interests: New Address: Via Monte Nero 19, 20064 Olympic ceremonies, torch relay, medal design, Gorgonzola, ITALY. NEW MEMBERS and history of the Olympics in America. CÓRDOVA Pedro J. Mr. LAUTENBACH Matthew Mr. *16 January 1981; New Address: 1931 Petunia St., Sta María, Rió D‘ANTONIO David Mr. *9 September 1960; E- E-mail: [email protected]; Address: Piedras, 00927 PUERTO RICO. mail: [email protected]; Address: 2667 27 Library Street Northeast, Apt 705, Grand Acorn Street, Castro Valley, California 94546, UNIT- Rapids, Michigan 49503, UNITED STATES; Phone: WILLIAMSON Max Mr. Cover: American Charley Paddock, the “World’s Fastest Human”, Editorial deadline for this issue: ED STATES; Phone: +1 510-798-0848; Occupation: +16166356402; Occupation: Athletic administrator; New Address: 9 Belvedere Road, Seaford, VIC who won the 100 metres in 10.8 seconds with his legendary “jump” 17 July 2020 Teacher; Olympic/Sports publications: Invincible Specific Olympic research interests: Hosting, 3198, AUSTRALIA; New E-mail: max.angela. [email protected]. finish 100 years ago at the 1920 Olympics in Antwerp. Far right: Summer (published by Diamond Communica- swimming. tions); Specific Olympic research: Summer Olym- Silver medallist Morris Kirksey; front left: Jackson Scholz, who finished pics, Berlin 1936. WEINREICH Jens Mr. *23 February 1965; E-mail: SCHLÜTER Ralph Mr. New E-mail: [email protected]. fourth. [email protected]; Address: Parkstr. FERREIRA António Mr. *3 February 1983; E-mail: 13, Wandlitz 16348, GERMANY; Phone: +49 Photo: Brown Brothers PILOTE Eric Mr. [email protected]; Address: 1723006830; Occupation: Journalist; Olympic/ New E-mail: [email protected]. Bairro S. Silvestre Rua G nº 80, Coimbra, 3025-557, Sports Publications: award winning investigative PORTUGAL; Phone: +351967486793; Occupation: journalist, focused on Olympic politics, have management business partner/economist; mem- ZONDAG Jelle Mr. covered 30 IOC Sessions on stage and some New E-mail: [email protected]. ber of the Portugues Olympic Academy since 2002; more from home desk, publisher of the unique Specific Olympic research interests: The economic magazine SPORT & POLITICS, investigative work, DECEASED JOURNAL OF OLYMPIC HISTORY and political aspects of the Olympic Games. books, TV documentations; Specific Olympic research interests: Olympic politics. Dr. BERGMAN Manfred (SUI), member from 1995- HAPTONSTALL Clark Mr. *1 September 1967; E-mail: 96, 2015-2020 [email protected]; Address: P.O. Box 1892, MS 543, WHITLAM Nicholas Mr. *6 December 1945; E-mail: Editor Editorial office and address The Journal of Olympic History is published three Houston TX, 77251-1892, UNITED STATES; Phone: [email protected]; Address: 363 Lawrence BJÖRKMAN Ingmar “Pelle” Mr. (FIN), member Volker Kluge (GER) for article submissions times per year. All rights reserved. No part of +1 7133488813; Occupation: Professor; Specific Hargrave Drive, Scarborough, NSW 2515, AUSTRALIA; from 1997-2020. the publications may be reproduced or trans- Olympic research interests: Teach a course called Phone: +61242682535; Occupation: Company Associate Editors International Society of mitted in any form by any means, electronic or “The Business & History of the Olympic Games”. director; Olympic/Sports Publications: Four Weeks WRIGHT Benjamin T. Mr. (USA), member from Philip Barker (GBR) Olympic Historians mechanical, including any information storage One Summer (Australian Scholarly Publishing, 1994-2019. HUGHES Rich Mr. *2 February 1950; E-mail: 2016), which includes 1936 Olympics; Specific Kitty Carruthers (GBR) c/o creAtiv Werbeagentur or retrieval system now known or to be invented, [email protected]; Address: 16105 Olympic research interests: Paris 1924. Elizabeth Hanley (USA) Gabriele Kluge without the prior permission of the President or Bluejacket, Overland Park, KS 66221, UNITED Members with a change of address, Stephen L. Harris (USA) Torstr. 9 B II Secretary-General of the International Society STATES; Olympic/Sports Publications: Netting Out telephone and/or fax numbers, or OLD MEMBERS D-10042 Berlin of Olympic Historians. Published articles remain Basketball 1936, Hitler’s Olympic Festival; Specific e-mail address should please inform the Copy Editor Olympic Research Interests: Berlin 1936. Secretary-General as soon as possible: Germany in the responsibility of the author and do not Alisa Kotmair (USA) DOURAMAKOS Stathis Mr. Phone: +49-30-44359060 necessarily reflect the official opinion of the JABLONSKI Nathan Mr. *22 April 1982; E-mail: New Address: 49A Themistokleous str., 16674 Markus Osterwalder +49-33433-15892 Management ISOH. Pictures without reference were provided [email protected]; Address: 429 Farrwood Glyfada, GREECE. E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Gabriele Kluge (GER) by the respective author. In some cases, it has not been possible to www.isoh.org Graphic Design / DTP identify the copyright holder of the photograph. Sirko Wahsner (GER) ISSN 1085-5165 Justified claims will be honoured.